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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Modèles spatiotemporels hiérarchiques bayésiens"
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Дисертації з теми "Modèles spatiotemporels hiérarchiques bayésiens"
Ling, Yuheng. "Corsican housing market analysis : Applications of bayesian hierarchical model." Thesis, Corte, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CORT0011.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the development of spatial econometric/statistical models that are used for analyzing the Corsican real estate market.Concerning technical contributions, I address the issue of spatial and temporal autocorrelation in the residual of classical linear regression that may yield biased estimates. Early empirical studies using “spaceless” tools such as OLS probably yield biased estimates. With the acceptance of spatial econometrics, regional scientists can better handle the autocorrelation in data. However, the temporal dimension remains unclear due to its complex settings. To tackle both spatial and temporal autocorrelation, I suggest applying Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal models.Regarding the contribution in terms of regional economics, the developed ad-hoc Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical models have been used to assess the Corsican housing market. In particular, how locations affect housing is the key issue in this thesis. The topics analyzed are complex because they deal with issues ranging from predicting Corsican apartment sales prices, investigating second home rates to assessing the impact of sea views. Furthermore, the economic underpinnings of these topics include the hedonic price method, the adjacent effects and the ripple effects.Finally, I identify “hot spots” and “cold spots” in terms of apartment prices and second home rates, and I also indicate that both the sea (Mediterranean Sea) view and the coast accessibility affect apartment prices. These findings should provide valuable information for planners and policymakers
Dobigeon, Nicolas. "Modèles bayésiens hiérarchiques pour le traitement multi-capteur." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189738.
Повний текст джерелаValmy, Larissa. "Modèles hiérarchiques et processus ponctuels spatio-temporels - Applications en épidémiologie et en sismologie." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841146.
Повний текст джерелаViaud, Gautier. "Méthodes statistiques pour la différenciation génotypique des plantes à l’aide des modèles de croissance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC020/document.
Повний текст джерелаPlant growth models can be used in order to predict quantities of interest or assess the genotypic variability of a population of plants; this dual use is emphasized throughout this work.Three plant growth models are therefore considered (LNAS for sugar beet and wheat, GreenLab for Arabidopsis thaliana) within the mathematical framework of general state space models.A new generic computing platform for modelling and statistical inference (ADJUSTIN’) has been developed in Julia, allowing to simulate the plant growth models considered as well as the use of state-of-the-art estimation techniques such as Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods.Statistical inference within plant growth models is of primary importance for concrete applications such as yield prediction, parameter and state estimation methods within general state-space models in a Bayesian framework were first studied and several case studies for the plants considered are then investigated in the case of an individual plant.The characterization of the variability of a population of plants is envisioned through the distributions of parameters using Bayesian hierarchical models. This approach requiring the acquisition of numerous data for each individual, a segmentation-tracking algorithm for the analysis of images of Arabidopsis thaliana, obtained thanks to the Phenoscope, a high-throughput phenotyping platform of INRA Versailles, is proposed.Finally, the interest of using Bayesian hierarchical models to evidence the variability of a population of plants is discussed. First through the study of different scenarios on simulated data, and then by using the experimental data acquired via image analysis for the population of Arabidopsis thaliana comprising 48 individuals
Jay, Flora. "Méthodes bayésiennes en génétique des populations : relations entre structure génétique des populations et environnement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENS026/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe introduce a new method to study the relationships between population genetic structure and environment. This method is based on Bayesian hierarchical models which use both multi-loci genetic data, and spatial, environmental, and/or cultural data. Our method provides the inference of population genetic structure, the evaluation of the relationships between the structure and non-genetic covariates, and the prediction of population genetic structure based on these covariates. We present two applications of our Bayesian method. First, we used human genetic data to evaluate the role of geography and languages in shaping Native American population structure. Second, we studied the population genetic structure of 20 Alpine plant species and we forecasted intra-specific changes in response to global warming. STAR
Jay, Flora. "Méthodes bayésiennes pour la génétique des populations : relations entre structure génétique des populations et environnement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648601.
Повний текст джерелаHivert, Valentin. "Analyse de la différenciation génétique à l'ère des nouvelles technologies de séquençage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0061.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of high throughput sequencing and genotyping technologies allows the comparison of patterns of polymorphisms at a very large number of genetic markers. The analysis of genetic differentiation between populations at a whole-genome scale makes it possible to characterize genomic regions involved in the local adaptation of organisms to their environment. In this thesis, we followed two complementary approaches to characterize differentiation from high-throughput genotyping data. First, we developed an unbiased estimator of the parameter FST for individuals sequenced in pools (Pool-seq). Deriving this estimator, in an analysis-of-variance framework, required to properly account for the different sampling steps: individual genes from the pool, and sequence reads from these genes. We show that it outperforms previously proposed estimators. Second, we developed a method to analyze genetic differentiation at a whole-genome scale in a hierarchical bayesian framework, in order to untangle the effect of demography from that of selection. To this end, we implemented different extensions to the SelEstim model, aimed at leveraging the information from linkage disequilibrium between markers. A first approach consisted in analyzing multiallelic data derived from the local clustering of SNPs into haplotype blocks. An alternative strategy consisted in including a smoothing model, which accounts for the spatial dependency between neighboring markers. This strategy relies on the analysis of biallelic data, and can be used both with individual genotype data or Pool-seq data. We discuss the relative benefits of these different approaches, based on the analysis of simulated data sets
Chagra, Djamila. "Sélection de modèle d'imputation à partir de modèles bayésiens hiérarchiques linéaires multivariés." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3936.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract The technique known as multiple imputation seems to be the most suitable technique for solving the problem of non-response. The literature mentions methods that models the nature and structure of missing values. One of the most popular methods is the PAN algorithm of Schafer and Yucel (2002). The imputations yielded by this method are based on a multivariate linear mixed-effects model for the response variable. A Bayesian hierarchical clustered and more flexible extension of PAN is given by the BHLC model of Murua et al. (2005). The main goal of this work is to study the problem of model selection for multiple imputation in terms of efficiency and accuracy of missing-value predictions. We propose a measure of performance linked to the prediction of missing values. The measure is a mean squared error, and hence in addition to the variance associated to the multiple imputations, it includes a measure of bias in the prediction. We show that this measure is more objective than the most common variance measure of Rubin. Our measure is computed by incrementing by a small proportion the number of missing values in the data and supposing that those values are also missing. The performance of the imputation model is then assessed through the prediction error associated to these pseudo missing values. In order to study the problem objectively, we have devised several simulations. Data were generated according to different explicit models that assumed particular error structures. Several missing-value prior distributions as well as error-term distributions are then hypothesized. Our study investigates if the true error structure of the data has an effect on the performance of the different hypothesized choices for the imputation model. We concluded that the answer is yes. Moreover, the choice of missing-value prior distribution seems to be the most important factor for accuracy of predictions. In general, the most effective choices for good imputations are a t-Student distribution with different cluster variances for the error-term, and a missing-value Normal prior with data-driven mean and variance, or a missing-value regularizing Normal prior with large variance (a ridge-regression-like prior). Finally, we have applied our ideas to a real problem dealing with health outcome observations associated to a large number of countries around the world. Keywords: Missing values, multiple imputation, Bayesian hierarchical linear model, mixed effects model.
Les logiciels utilisés sont Splus et R.
Faubet, Pierre. "METHODES STATISTIQUES POUR L'ETUDE DE LA STRUCTURATION SPATIALE DE LA DIVERSITE GENETIQUE." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606630.
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