Дисертації з теми "Modèles qualitatifs"
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Gordon, Adrian. "Modèles informels qualitatifs en découverte scientifique." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112527.
Повний текст джерелаCornillon, Emilien. "Modèles qualitatifs de réseaux génétiques : réduction de modèles et introduction d'un temps continu." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4085/document.
Повний текст джерелаFormal methods from computer science constitute a powerful tool for the modelling of gene networks, including the study of their dynamics. The discrete modelling of René Thomas allows for a proper representation of biological knowledge as well as for use of formal methods. These models have two main limitations: the underlying combinatorics does not allow one to process very large networks, and the chronometric aspects are not taken into account. This thesis offers two contributions according to these issues. The design of gene network models begins with a selectiCalibrion of the most relevant entities. The resulting networks are often too large, and we show how to reduce them without altering the important dynamic properties. Here, we define a completely formal framework, inspired by a technique from Aurélien Naldi, driving the suppression of variables or thresholds. These reductions preserve the asymptotic behaviour. We formally prove the asymptotic equivalence of different published models for the same network. In order to take into account chronometric information that are crucial in some systems (e.g. circadian cycle), we define a hybrid formalism based on the Thomas' formalism where expression levels are discrete but time is continuous. This framework allows for the construction of an abstract model of the circadian clock in mammals. The model explains with very few variables the robustness of the system when submitted to duration changes of the day/night alternation
Briquet, Ferri. "Les systèmes experts : Outils d'élaboration de modèles qualitatifs générateurs de choix financiers." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12004.
Повний текст джерелаBatt, Grégory. "Validation de modèles qualitatifs de réseaux de régulation génique : une méthode basée sur des techniques de vérification formelle." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012040.
Повний текст джерелаDans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche permettant de tester la validité de modèles de réseaux de régulation génique en comparant les prédictions obtenues avec les données expérimentales. Plus spécifiquement, nous considérons dans ce travail une classe de modèles qualitatifs définis en termes d'équations différentielles linéaires par morceaux (LPM). Ces modèles permettent de capturer les aspects essentiels des régulations géniques, tout en ayant une forme mathématique simple qui facilite leur analyse symbolique. Egalement, nous souhaitons utiliser les informations qualitatives sur la dynamique du système données par les changements du sens de variation des concentrations des protéines du réseau. Ces informations peuvent être obtenues expérimentalement à partir de profils d'expression temporels.
La méthode proposée doit satisfaire deux contraintes. Premièrement, elle doit permettre d'obtenir des prédictions bien adaptées à la comparaison avec le type de données considéré. Deuxièmement, étant donné la taille et la complexité des réseaux d'intérêt biologique, la méthode doit également permettre de vérifier efficacement la cohérence entre prédictions et observations.
Pour répondre à ces deux contraintes, nous étendons dans deux directions une approche précédemment développée par de Jong et collègues pour l'analyse symbolique des modèles LPM qualitatifs. Premièrement, nous proposons d'utiliser une représentation plus fine de l'état du système, permettant d'obtenir, par abstraction discrète, des prédictions mieux adaptées à la comparaison avec les données expérimentales. Deuxièmement, nous proposons de combiner cette méthode avec des techniques de model checking. Nous montrons que l'utilisation combinée d'abstraction discrète et de model checking permet de vérifier efficacement les propriétés dynamiques, exprimées en logique temporelle, des modèles continus.
Cette méthode a été implémentée dans une nouvelle version de l'outil Genetic Network Analyzer (GNA 6.0). GNA 6.0 a été utilisé pour la validation de deux modèles grands et complexes de l'initiation de la sporulation chez B. subtilis et de la réponse au stress nutritionnel chez E. coli. Nous avons ainsi pu vérifier que les prédictions obtenues étaient en accord avec la plupart des données expérimentales disponibles dans la littérature. Plusieurs incohérences ont également été identifiées, suggérant des révisions des modèles ou la réalisation d'expériences complémentaires. En dehors d'une contribution à une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement de ces systèmes, ces deux études de cas illustrent plus généralement que, par la méthode proposée, il est possible de tester si des prédictions obtenues pour des modèles complexes sont cohérentes avec un large éventail de propriétés observables expérimentalement.
Weng, Paul An-Lin. "Modèles qualitatifs et approches algébriques pour la décision dans l'incertain : fondements axiomatiques et application à la décision séquentielles." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066432.
Повний текст джерелаCharles, Anne. "Aide à la détection d'anomalies de fonctionnement de systèmes dynamiques : une approche fondée sur des modèles qualitatifs et quantitatifs." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD494.
Повний текст джерелаBrulebois, Etienne. "Impacts du changement climatique sur la disponibilité de la ressource en eau en Bourgogne : aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS027/document.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous studies dealing with climate change impacts on water ressources have been done at global scale, but the moderated size watersheds scale is less studied. The Burgundy region is located over several hydrographical basins (Seine, Loire and Rhône river), and provides a great diversity of hydrogeological and climate contexts. For these reasons, impacts of climate change on water resources are expected to be very different in space, and require an entire hydroclimatic modelling chain at local scale to be assessed. The main objective of this thesis consisted of the implementation of a modelling tool at the moderated-size watersheds scale of Burgundy. In this way, several watersheds and two hydrological models have been chosen : a global and empirical rainfall-runoff model (GR4J) and a physical based and semi-spatialised model (SWAT). These two models allow us to assess every aspects of climate change impacts : quantitative (streamflow and spatialised ressource) and qualitative impacts.Models have been calibrated, including a cross calibration/validation test in climate contrasted periods, to confirm their robustness. A disaggregation of global climate data has been done in order to feed models during projection.Observations analysis highlighted a climate shift (in Burgundy as well as over the entire french territory), resulting in a modification of hydrological regime. Models projection over the XXIth century showed i) not much evolution of annual streamflow, but an accented seasonality, with an increase of winter streamflow, and a decrease of summer streamflow, linked with the rainfall regime and the evapotranspiration increase, ii) drought flow indices showing an increase of severity of the drought flow period, iii) a decrease in water quality. In order to explore the capacities of the modelling chain, several sensibility tests have been done, based on management practices scenarios
Loesel, Corinne. "Un modèle de raisonnement hypothétique et temporel pour la physique qualitative." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10211.
Повний текст джерелаBinet, Aurélien. "Analyse qualitative et quantitative du remodelage vasculaire utérin sur deux modèles murins d'insuffisance placentaire : modèle hyperthermie et modèle anémie ferriprive." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3301.
Повний текст джерелаThe intra-uterin growth restriction by placental vascular modifications affects 4% of the current pregnancies. lt’s still unknown installation mechanism has an important pediatric impact with a significant mortality. The association of intra-uterin growth restriction and placental vascular defects on an animal model is necessary to understand this mechanism and envisage a therapeutic study later. The aim of Ibis project is to establish at first an animal model which associates intra-uterin growth restriction and vascular placental modifications found in the human physiopathology For that purpose, two murine models were studied : hyperthermia at the end of the gestation and anaemia by iron deficiency before and during the gestation. A qualitative and quantitative study by ultrasonography (Doppler ultrasonography and contrast ultrasonography) associated with anatomopathological, immune-histochemical and spectroscopic studies of the placentas was realized. The optimization of the definitive animal model required at first anatomical marks development, allowing reproduction of the ultrasonographic measures as well as revelation of the ultrasound contrast product harmlessness. A global placental study allowed us to note structural modifications connected to the analyzed model. The study of these two animals models allowed us to establish a standard measuring protocol and show that ultrasonographic contrast product use had no effect on the gestation. The hyperthermia, as the iron deficiency, is responsible of an intra-uterin growth restriction with a positive effect dose related. The vascular placental modifications found in the hyperthermia model as hemorrhage and ischaemia areas do not appear as the result of vascular modifications but after-effects of this acute incident. The hemodynamical modifications registered within the framework of the iron deficiency are rather in favour of vascular modifications in agreement with the human pathology. The spectroscopic study does not show metabolomic modifications. These two models allow the installation of an intra-uterin growth restriction positively correlated with the protocol intensity. The anaemia model gets closer to the human pathology; its study remains b he continued with more consequent numbers
Darwich, Mohamad. "Etude qualitative de modèles dispersifs." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the qualitative properties of solutions to some wave equations in dispersive or dispersive-dissipative media. In the first chapter, we study the blowup in the log-log regime and global existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the L2-critical damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the second chapter, we consider the Cauchy problem for the L2-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlinear damping. According to the power of the damping term, we prove the global existence or the existence of finite time blowup dynamics with a log-log blow-up law. In the third chapter, we study the Cauchy problem for the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers-I (KPBI) equations in two dimensions. We show that the problem is locally and globally well posed in Hs(R2) for any s > -½ , and that the existence is global in L2(R2) without any condition on the initial data. In the last chapter, we consider the Ostrovsky equation on the circle. We construct invariant measures under the flow for the conserved quantities of the equation
Medimegh, Slim. "Analyse formelle de spécifications hybrides à partir de modèles SysML pour la validation fonctionnelle des systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC093/document.
Повний текст джерелаEmbedded software has becomeessential in most industrial sectors. The latterusually involves various business knowledge.The whole system (the software and itsenvironment) is specified in a heterogeneousform, with discrete and continuous parts.Simulating these hybrid systems requiresprecise data and synchronization of continuouschanges and discrete transitions. However, inthe first design steps, missing informationforbids numerical simulation. We present in ourthesis a new qualitative language for qualitativesimulation of hybrid systems, which consists incomputing the relationships between the systemvariables. This language is implemented in theDiversity symbolic execution engine to build thetraces of the system. We apply this approach tothe analysis of SysML models, using an M2Mtransformation from SysML to a pivot language,an M2T transformation from this language toDiversity. We also analyze the brutal symbolictraces obtained by Diversity to build the realqualitative behaviors of the system
Buchet, Samuel. "Vérification formelle et apprentissage logique pour la modélisation qualitative à partir de données single-cell." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0011.
Повний текст джерелаThe understanding of cellular mechanisms occurring inside human beings usually depends on the study of its gene expression.However, genes are implied in complex regulatory processes and their measurement is difficult to perform. In this context, the qualitative modeling of gene regulatory networks intends to establish the function of each gene from the discrete modeling of a dynamical interaction network. In this thesis, our goal is to implement this modeling approach from single-cell sequencing data. These data prove to be interesting for qualitative modeling since they bring high precision, and they can be interpreted in a dynamical way. Thus, we develop a method for the inference of qualitative models based on the automatic learning of logic programs. This method is applied on a single-cell dataset, and we propose several approaches to interpret the resulting models by comparing them with existing knowledge
Jost, Christian. "Comparaison qualitative et quantitative de modèles proie-prédateur à des données chronologiques en écologie." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005771.
Повний текст джерелаsystèmes observés en laboratoire ou sur le terrain. Le premier modèle suppose que la réponse
fonctionnelle dépend uniquement de la densité des proies, et présente donc les caractéristiques
des modèles où les abondances sont contrôlées "de haut en bas". Au contraire, le second
modèle considère que la réponse fonctionnelle dépend du ratio entre densité de proies et densité de prédateurs, et inclut donc une régulation des abondances "de bas en haut".L'analyse
mathématique de ce modèle ratio-dépendant fait apparaître des dynamiques de bord riches avec
de multiples attracteurs, dont l'un est l'origine (extinction des deux populations). La différence
majeure entre les deux modèles réside dans leurs prédictions sur la réponse d'un système à
l'enrichissement: déstabilisation, et augmentation de l'abondance à l'équilibre du prédateur
uniquement dans le modèle proie-dépendant, stabilité inchangée et augmentation de l'abondance
à l'équilibre des proies et des prédateurs dans le modèle ratio-dépendant. La comparaison de ces
deux modèles avec le modèle verbal PEG (décrivant la dynamique planctonique dans les lacs)
montre que tous deux peuvent rendre compte de cette dynamique si des changements saisonniers
sont introduits dans les valeurs d'un ou plusieurs paramètres. Nous comparons quantitativement
les deux modèles avec différents types de séries temporelles de systèmes proie-prédateur
par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance. Les données concernant des protozoaires ou
des arthropodes (en laboratoire) sont en général mieux décrites par le modèle proie-dépendant.
Pour l'interaction phytoplancton-zooplancton, les deux modèles conviennent aussi bien l'un que
l'autre. Le fait d'utiliser les deux modèles peut alors permettre de détecter parmi les prédictions
celles qui sont sensibles à la prédateur-dépendance et, éventuellement, d'orienter des recherches
supplémentaires.
Jais, Jean-Philippe. "Modèles de régression pour l'analyse de données qualitatives longitudinales." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077065.
Повний текст джерелаMégret, Lucile. "Explosions de cycles : analyses qualitatives, simulations numériques et modèles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066359/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is focussed on the analysis of novel explosions of limit cycles (periodic orbits). We provide a study of their structure by qualitative analysis, exhibit evidences of their existence by numerical simulations (Auto, Xpp) and propose a discussion of their relevance in mathematical modeling for neurosciences. Such explosions occur in the slow-fast dynamical systems. Most of neurons are excitable, Hodgkin (1940) identified three fundamental classes of excitable axon distinguished by their responses to a current of variable amplitude injected. Using the Lambert function, we study the transition between types I and II by incomplete explosion of cycle. This explosion, produced by a planar vector field with one fast/one slow variable, is initiated by a singular Hopf bifurcation and ends via a homoclinic bifurcation. The next chapter proposed a study of the Hindmarsh-Rose system. This system, composed of one fast/ two slow variables, is well known to produce square wave bursting oscillation. We generalize the notion of candidate-limit-perodic sets (CLP-sets) to three-dimensional systems. A CLP-set is an invariant set of the system in the singular limit. Using these, we get a very acurate description of the limit cycle deformation under the variation of a parameter until the addition of a new spike to burst. Finally, we propose a study fot the minimality of the model introduced by F. Clement and J.-P. Françoise. The latter is a 4D system that models the activity of GnRH neurons. We study a system composed by one fast /two slow variables that reproduces some of the features of the 4D model, including Mixed-Modes oscillations
Angles, Jean. "Étude qualitative des vibrations en présence d'obstacle d'un système mécanique." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112426.
Повний текст джерелаPapadacci, Stephanopoli Emmanuel. "Evaluation qualitative et quantitative de scénarios d'évolution de l'organisation et de son système d'information." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364062.
Повний текст джерелаLa méthode NENO consiste au contraire à regrouper les exigences (représentées sous la forme de buts fonctionnels) de manière à offrir qu'un nombre restreint d'alternatives aux décideurs. Ces regroupements effectués sont conformes aux dépendances entre buts, et s'exercent à différents niveaux d'abstraction. Conformément à la pratique au sein des organisations, les critères de décisions sont représentés sous la forme d'objectifs métiers que celles-ci doivent atteindre à moyen et long terme. Les buts sont individuellement évalués par des experts métier quant à leur faculté à satisfaire tout ou partie des objectifs métiers. Le recueil des évaluations est participatif, progressif et qualitatif. Un ensemble d'algorithmes permet de transposer et agréger les évaluations qualitatives en résultats quantitatifs dans le but de présenter les résultats sous la forme de priorités.
Marbac-Lourdelle, Matthieu. "Modèles de mélange pour la classification non supervisée de données qualitatives et mixtes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10068/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is our contribution to the cluster analysis of categorical and mixed data. The methods proposed in this manuscript modelize the data distribution in a probabilistic framework. When the data are categorical or mixed, the classical model assumes the independence between the variables conditionally on class. However, this approach is biased when the variables are intra-class correlated. The aim of this thesis is to study and to present some mixture models which relax the conditional independence assumption. Moreover, they have to summarize each class with few characteristic parameters. The first part of this manuscript is devoted to the cluster analysis of categorical data. The categorical variables are difficult to cluster since they leave the statistician facing with many combinatorial challenges. In this context, our contribution consists in two parsimonious mixture models which allow to cluster categorical data presenting intra-class dependencies. The main idea of these models is to group the variables into conditionally independent blocks. By setting specific distributions for these blocks, both models consider the intra-classdependencies between the variables. The first approach modelizes the block distribution by a mixture of two extreme dependency distributions while the second approach modelizes it by a multinomial distribution per modes. The study of the cluster analysis of mixed data sets is the second objective of this work. The challenge is due to the lack of classical distributions for mixed variables. Thus, we defined a probabilistic model respecting two main constraints. Firstly, the one-dimensional margin distributions of the components are classical for each variables. Secondly, the model characterizes the main intra-class dependencies. This model is defined as a mixture of Gaussian copulas. The Bayesian inference is performed via a Gibbs sampler. The classical information criteria (BIC, ICL) permit to perform the model selection
Niu, Wei. "Qualitative analysis of biological systems using algebraic methods." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066170.
Повний текст джерелаRougny, Adrien. "Méthodes qualitatives pour la construction et l'analyse des réseaux moléculaires SBGN." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS325/document.
Повний текст джерелаTwo fundamental tasks of Systems Biology are the construction of molecular networks from experimental data, and their analysis with a view to discovering their emergent properties. With the increase of available experimental data, these two tasks can no longer be realized by hand. Based on this observation, numerous bioinformatics methods aiming at the automation of these two task have been developped.In parallel, standards aiming at defining and organizing terms of systems biology, or representing networks and mathematical models, have been developped. Among these standards, the Standard Biology Graphical Notation is composed of three languages that allow the representation of molecular networks. The two main SBGN languages are SBGN-PD for the representation of reaction networks, and SBGN-AF for the representation of influence graphs. The SBGN notation not only standardizes the representation of networks, but also gives the concepts of systems biology that are most often used to express knowledge of the field.Our work takes its root in this general background. We have developped a number of methods to construct molecular networks and analyze their dynamics. All the methods that we propose are based on qualitative formalisms, such as logics or automata networks. These formalisms have solid theoretical bases and can be used by numerous pieces of software. All our methods also rely on the biological concepts given by the SBGN standard, and can therefore be blended in the same theoretical framework.First, we introduce two sets of predicates that allow to translate any SBGN-PD or SBGN-AF network into a set of ground atoms. Then, we show how these sets of predicates can be used to reason on networks, by proposing a transformation method of SBGN-PD signaling networks into SBGN-AF influence graphs.Second, we present a first-order logic based method to construct signaling networks from experimental results. This method formalizes and automatizes biologists' reasoning using explicit reasoning rules.On the contrary to existing methods, it allows to take into account numerous types of experimental results while reconstructing precise molecular mecanisms.Third, we show a new method to compute the finite traces and attractor points of Boolean networks that model SBGN-AF networks and that are parameterized using general principles.Finally, we introduce two new qualitative semantics for the computation of the dynamics of SBGN-PD reaction networks. These semantics are expressed using automata networks. The first semantics extends the classical Boolean semantics by taking into account inhibitions. As to the second one, it relies on the concept of story which introduces a new point of view on reaction networks. Indeed, it allows to model different physical states of the same molecular entity using a unique variable.All the methods that we have developped show how qualitative formalisms can be used to reason on the relations represented by molecular networks in order to discorver new knowledge in systems biology
Valet, Fabien. "Analyse de la reproductibilité d'un critère qualitatif ordinal entre deux lectures à partir des modèles log-linéaires d'association et des modèles d'association à classes latentes." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066058.
Повний текст джерелаRaoux, Aurore. "Approche écosystémique des énergies marines renouvelables : étude des effets sur le réseau trophique de la construction du parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-Mer et du cumul d'impacts." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC251.
Повний текст джерелаAs part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eightOffshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects onan ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystemapproach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For thata combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structureand functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on theecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed toinvestigate the “reef” and “reserve” effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological NetworkAnalysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate theecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is aneed to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long termclimate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer’ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted acombination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These resultscan play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marineenvironment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a betteracceptability of MRE project
Feray, Beaumont Stéphane. "Modèle qualitatif de comportement pour un système d'aide à la supervision des procédés." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0113.
Повний текст джерелаRouzic, Sylvain. "Les logiques de professionnalisation des entraîneurs sportifs : entre modèles socioculturels et profils individuels." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe status and function of the sport coach have steadily developed since the birth of modern-era sport, in the late 18th century. From the early 20th c. to the present day, the most significant model is that of the field technician whose methods have been built under the influence of his or her social and cultural background. The 1980s saw the emergence of a professionalisation process which subdivided the existing patterns into a variety of individual models, going further beyond the mere three-dimensional combination of the technician-leader-strategist that seems to be the most received representation. Material collected from twenty interviews with sport trainers who were chosen as the best possible sample of the population has been analyzed. This analysis both confirms the received social and cultural patterns and highlights various individual models. In particular, it traces all the logical sequences that define the professionalisation of the population.Be they related to communication, techniques, organisation or training, these sequences find their scientific value in the demonstration they make of how sport coaching takes shape nowadays
Verbèke, Cédric. "Quelques modèles d'équations d'évolution des surfaces : existence globale, explosion en temps fini et diverses propriétés qualitatives." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2347.
Повний текст джерелаWe are interested in equations modelling the viscous flows of thin films subject to phenomena like wetting, drainig flows, spreading droplets, mechanic etc. These situations lead to higher order nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations depending on the fluid film height denoted by h=h(x,t). Under conditions on the initial data and parameters of the problems, we give some results on existence, uniqueness, stability or blow-up time of solutions of generalized models of fourth order equations, and also of a model having a sixth order linear term. Then we use our method to solve a family of equations related to fluid mechanic. Existence and estimate of a blow-up time is shown
Ebde, Mohamed Abderrahman. "Modélisation biologique et étude qualitative de quelques exemples d'équations aux dérivées partielles." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066623.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to some mathematical modeling of biological issues and the qualitative study of some partial differential equations. The first part is devoted to the analysis of a nonlinear heat equation with a gradient structure. We use the formulation in self-similar variables to construct a blow-up solution in finite time, and we show its stability with respect to perturbations of the initial data. We also give its profil at the blow-up time. The second part is devoted to the classical Keller-Segel (KS) model for the collective motion of cells. We study two variants of this model in the whole space mathbb R^d for d\geq 3. We establish a new result of local existence without any smallness assumption on the initial density for the parabolic-elliptic variant of (KS). We improve the smallness condition for the global existence and we provide a comparison between a couple of blow-up criteria. Next we prove a new concentration phenomenon criteria for the fully parabolic KS model. This study is completed with a visualization tool based on the reduction of the parabolic-elliptic system to a finite-dimensional dynamical system of gradient flow type, sharing similar features with the infinite- dimensional system. The third part is devoted to the mathematical modeling of atherosclerosis. Initially we propose a system of partial differential equations of reaction-diffusion type for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques on the arterial wall and we propose some numerical simulations to validate this model. In a second step we take into account the hemodynamic changes due to the growth of the plaque, and we propose accordingly some models for the lateral progression of the atherosclerotic plaque
Raad, Ali. "Modèle prédictif à base d'approches qualitatives pour la contribution à la radiothérapie adaptative." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10166.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis subject is defined in the framework of the fight against cancer. External radiation therapy is a technical treatment of tumor targets by radioactive particles, under guidance of an imaging system. The effectiveness of this macroscopic targeting treatment depends in part on the evolution and movement of the biological target during the treatment, which is planned over several sessions. In our work, we focused to the temporal evolution of the biological target session by session. The goal is to estimate the space covered by the target movement in each session, and to predict the future position of the target and thus to correct or adapt the treatment plan. Our microscopic biological target in the case of head and neck cancer is described by the parotid gland which is sensitive to the radiation. The objective is to minimize avoid radiating the parotid, when the tumor is in its periphery. We proposed two 3D reconstruction methods of the parotid, namely B-Spline Bezier bi-cubic and Marching cubes. Once the reconstruction is performed, the volume of the parotid gland, at each session of treatment is calculated. A safety zone around the parotid gland was defined. Finally, a classification of the patients was performed based on the associated dose for the treatment.At a macroscopic level, we have developed a decision-support approach to refine the relative position of the patient on the treatment table. This approach is based on a modeling of Neural Network and especially MLP and RBF. The performance between two neuronal approximation techniques was analyzed, according to the geometrical positioning of patients
Souillot, Céline. "Approche psychodynamique qualitative et comparative des filicides : vers un modèle de causalité pluridimensionnel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0048/document.
Повний текст джерелаThanks to a literary review we can highlight social, economic, cultural, psychiatric,epidemiological, psychodynamic and intergenerational factors connected to the committing childmurder. However these factors are considered separately and are widespread in the population without leading to infanticide and that's why they can't be considered as risk factors inducing its perpretation. This survey aims at proposing a multidimensional pattern of causality of these child murders.First, we developed a qualitative methodology but, subsequently a comparative approach seemed absolutely necessary. We compared the factors and the process at stake considering the perpretation of child murder with another psychopathological subgroup composed of women emprisoned for sexual assaults on their children and with a reference group.This comparative approach lies within the scope of inductive processes, starting from the elements spotted among the test population. The clinical analyses revealed some of the factors at stake in the carrying out of child murder but they can't be considered as risk factors or factors leading to murder for themselves. The comparative studies let us sketch a multidimensional causality pattern involved in child murdering: clinical charts comparing populations at risk and protected populations can be consulted at the end of this survey
Kettani, Driss. "Conception et implantation d'un modèle spatial qualitatif qui s'inspire du raisonnement spatial de l'être humain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq39361.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAmanzougarene, Fatiha. "Extension du modèle multidimensionnel aux faits qualitatifs. Application à l'analyse en ligne des gênes des chantiers urbains." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0019.
Повний текст джерелаData warehouses and OLAP systems constitute the main elements of decision support systems. In recent years, several studies have been conducted in order to extend the capabilities of conventional data warehouse to handle complex data types (e. G. , text, multimedia, geographic, etc. ) In this thesis, we focused on the integration problem of qualitative information in multidimensional analysis. Our work are guided by a case study on urban building sites annoyances. After defining the notion of annoyance and determined the factors involved in its evaluation, we highlighted the need for a qualitative representation model based on rules and expert knowledge. However, conventional multidimensional data models only consider quantitative measures. Therefore, our main contribution is to extend the multidimensional model to treat qualitative measures expressed as linguistic terms. Considering that expert knowledge are sometimes incomplete, our second contribution is to propose an original model for missing data reconstruction in the context of data warehouses. This model consists in combining the constraint programming and a technique of machine learning, namely the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. In addition to its application in classical data warehouses, our model adapts to qualitative data warehouses, as in the annoyances analysis of urban building sites
Rifoe, Patrick Philippe. "Le management informationnel dans l'action publique d'urbanisation : dispositifs communicationnels des modèles français et d'Afrique francophone." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis of doctorate is about the communication in the urban projects. She is found on the international diffusion of the project logic as norm to make and to arrange the city. Diffusion that drive us to examine the communicational practice that the project allow. The norm project, today shared, does it imply some similarity in terms of communication? In a multipartenarial context, how does he organize the meeting apparatus? Until what point does to make the city imply him the involvement of the inhabitants? What are the issues of the communication that go with project? Two fields have been mobilized in a comparative perspective; the urban shutter of the Contract Getting out of Debt Contract Development (C2D) of Douala and the Big Urban Project (GPU) of Lille. 33 interviews, non participant observation, working papers and a significant corpus of press served to support a conceptual armature resting on the notions of apparatus and communication activity. The main results show a strong salience of communicational dissimilarity in the studied projects. These differences must be put in perspective with specific institutional contexts. Indeed, the communication in the C2D of Douala is minimal, implemented by internal actors to the Urban Community of Douala, but external to the team of project. In the case of the GPU, the implementation of the communication leans on outside operators to the project team, although the communicational activity is drived by the members of the aforesaid team. The place of the inhabitants deal to see a minimal involvement of the Douala casa whereas. In the Big Urban Project of Lille, we see an active continuum of the simple consultation to the coproduction of some facilities. Finally the accompaniment communication includes a strongsymbolic dimension in Lille whereas in Douala, it limits herself to evenementialisation who deserve of the Government Delegate close to the Douala Urban City Council
François, Édouard. "Interprétation qualitative du mouvement à partir d'une séquence d'images." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10062.
Повний текст джерелаSchoeny, Alain. "L’évènement sportif, un modèle d’échanges communicationnels territorialisés : étude des inférences du contexte sur son système de relations." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113004.
Повний текст джерелаEvent is a subject rarely considered as object of research topic. Trivialized, it seems obvious. This lack of definition shows both a lack of understanding and a difficulty in tacking "social action". In sport, however, it is an object of lust decreed for its potential benefits of differentiation and considered advantages. If techniques such as sponsoring, sponsorship and public relations are pretty well known within their organizations, curiously, they have far from having revealed all their wealth in terms "communicational".The objective of this research is to identify the mechanisms of different forms of communication during sporting events. In international events, business seminars or sports (team building, incentive, gratuity, etc.), the event is at the heart of a complex relational system. As Edgar Morin points out to understand this complexity, it is necessary to change the paradigm in order to understand the meaning. The then invisible relationship requires positioning of phenomenological research, understanding and constructivism (Le Moigne).This "human fact" reads as a process of contextualisation of situational factors. Therefore, the social subject reinvents a new definition of the situation he is involved in linking various "artifacts". Also, a stream of thought in information and communication science, extending the work of the Palo Alto School (Watzlawick & coll.), is based on new methods of systems analysis and qualitative semiotic situational communications to understand the genesis of meaning shared by a group of subjects involved (Mucchielli).The results of this original research offering, in complementing the work done elsewhere (Ferrand, Tribou, etc.), to revisit a number of concepts such as persuasion, influence, change, etc. from the perspective of the subject by the notion of communication territorialized. For management as science and STAPS, these new avenues of research are part of a "praxeology" of communication for a better understanding of the action and its context (Quéré)
Vandewalle, Vincent. "Estimation et sélection en classification semi-supervisée." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447141.
Повний текст джерелаBaujard, Corinne. "Motifs d'adoption, processus d'intégration et modes d'apprentissage E-learning : proposition d'un modèle stratégique." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090021.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the course of our research into the question, it became clear from all the interviews held that managers would very much like to have a coherent e-learning model, as the results achieved so far have been far from convincing, to judge by the feedback. Why are companies turning to e-learning? What knowledge and skills do they need in order to develop a process which is compatible with the company’s training practices and strategy? To answer these queries we must envisage the technological training tool not only in the context of a training method and process, but also as the fruit of knowledge gained as a result of feedback. An inductive approach, based on Grounded Theory, is being applied to feedback from past experience. There appear to be three main scenarios, which though different are complementary, depending on whether the company’s e-learning initiatives have been ambitious, cautious, or negotiated. Depending on the sector of activity concerned, whether the e-learning is coherent or otherwise depends as much on the strategic alignment between on the technological environment, the quality of the information system and the training practices
Bourdeau-Brien, Michaël. "Les copules en finance : analyse qualitative et quantitative de l'expansion de cette théorie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19266.
Повний текст джерелаMorel, Kevin. "Viabilité des microfermes maraîchères biologiques. Une étude inductive combinant méthodes qualitatives et modélisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA023/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of the environmental and social challenges of the Anthropocene, microfarms are organic market gardens which are questioning the principles of agricultural modernisation. They are characterised by a high level of crop diversity on small acreages, low motorisation, holistic ecological approach and marketing through short supply chains. My PhD work examined the viability of these atypical farming systems which are raising an increasing interest in industrialised countries. It was based on the study of 20 cases in rural Northern France and 10 cases in the urban context of London. An inductive approach was carried out combining qualitative analysis of interviews with farmers and quantitative modelling based on field data.A conceptual framework was developed to analyse farmers’ strategic choices in the light of their life project embracing various aspirations where ethics and subjectivity played a central role. The fulfilment of these aspirations is determinant for the viability of these fams. A stochastic simulation model of income and workload was created to explore the chances of economic viability of contrasted microfarms scenarios integrating technical, commercial and investment strategies. Simulations were run for the French and London context and were discussed with stakeholders. Although viability chances vary among scenarios, this work shows that microfarms can be viable
Camara, Baba Issa. "Complexité de dynamiques de modèles proie-prédateur avec diffusion et applications." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460361.
Повний текст джерелаRamette, François. "Modèle de diagnostic d'entreprise avec des combinaisons de critères qualitatifs : Contribution à l'évaluation du risque de défaillance par une analyse multicritères." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020099.
Повний текст джерелаThe principal aim of this study is to explain the bankruptcy with a combination of economic and strategic variables and to show that this kind of information could improve the performance of models of scoring using financial data. Our study propose a model with twenty five variables from sesame database of the banque de france and their interactions, which explain more than 64% of the bankruptcy. The model is based on concepts belonging to several schools of thought and more specifically the industrial economics, the theory of the firm, and the competitive strategy
Bellis, Cédric. "Qualitative Methods for Inverse Scattering in Solid Mechanics." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00557545.
Повний текст джерелаGhadakpour, Laleh. "Le système conceptuel, à l'interface entre le langage, le raisonnement et l'espace qualitatif : vers un modèle de représentations éphémères." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0049.
Повний текст джерелаBaradat, Caroline Laure. "La caractérisation du pilotage financier universitaire français -Une analyse de la cohérence de son modèle organisationnel avec les réformes actuelles-." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU2007/document.
Повний текст джерелаFaced with new missions entrusted to French universities, a necessary change of their accounting and financial management practices has been initiated. Within this framework, we propose to analyze the level of consistency between the current organizational model of French University Financial Management (FUFM) and contextual changes it faces. First of all, for that purpose, we highlight three research dimensions, namely instrumental, collective governance and individual governance, permitting to build a global analysis table of FUFM. Then, we mobilize complementary field-based approaches, among them case studies in five French universities and a quantitative analysis of 33 universities responses to a national survey. In the end, we observe that FUFM still seems based on short-termist and global financial management tools, following a basic logic of monitoring, and on a mechanistic structure, linked to centralized decision-making process, and disturbed by the presence of power games. These results permit not only to conclude that FUFM seems not meet the new current challenges, but also to propose adapted evolution axis
Denguir, Afef. "Modèle de performance agrégée et raisonnement approché pour l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et du confort dans les bâtiments." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is part of the FUI RIDER project (Research for IT Driven Energy efficiency). It aims to develop an energy management system that has to be weakly dependent on building's specificities in order to be easily deployed in different kinds of buildings. This work proposes a new approach based on the thermal comfort concept in order to reduce energy costs. This approach takes advantage of the thermal comfort concept in order to compute new optimized setpoints for the building energy control system. It relies on the idea that thermal comfort is a subjective multidimensional concept that can be used to reduce energy consumption. The literature provides statistical thermal comfort models but their complexity and non-linearity make them not useful for the control and optimization purposes. Our new thermal comfort model is based on the multi attributes utility theory and Choquet integrals. The advantages of our model are: its interpretability in term of preference relationships, its linearity in simplex regions which simplifies optimization problems' solving, and its compact form which is more tractable than a rule based control formalism. In the second part of this work, the THermal Process Enhancement (THPE) proposes a control system approach to efficiently reach the optimized setpoints provided by the comfort model. The THPE proposes an efficient and simple thermal control approach based on imprecise knowledge of buildings' special features. Its weak data-dependency ensures the scalability and simplicity of our approach. For this, an extended thermal qualitative model (EQM) is proposed. It is based on a qualitative description of influences that actions' parameters may have on buildings' thermal performances. This description results from the mathematical and qualitative analysis of dynamical thermal behaviors. Our thermal qualitative model is then enriched by online collecting and assessing previous thermal control performances. The online learning provides the necessary quantitative information to infer quantified control recommendations from the qualitative tendencies displayed by the EQM. Thus, an approximate reasoning based on the EQM and an online learning coupled with a penalty function provides smart thermal control functionalities. The EQM based approximate reasoning guarantees our control system weak dependency with regard to the building special features as well as its multi-scale applicability and its relevancy even for RIDER's first start when the learning database lacks of information. The performances of our THPE are assessed on various types of control and optimization issues. An optimal control is generally achieved in a few iterations which allows providing an adaptive and individual control of building's rooms
Meyer, Gautier. "Formalisation logique de préférences qualitatives pour la sélection de la réaction d'un agent rationnel dialoguant." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321676.
Повний текст джерелаAfin d'autoriser une spécification intuitive des préférences, nous supposons que les informations "initiales" sont des comparaisons entres des propriétés que peuvent vérifier les différentes alternatives. Ces comparaisons vérifient les principes d'expansion, de transitivité, et de Ceteris Paribus. De plus, elles sont spécifiées par points de vue éventuellement contradictoires et telles que deux propriétés quelconques sont jugées indifférentes par défaut.
Afin de départager un grand nombre d'alternatives et en particulier pour dépasser une limite de l'hypothèse Ceteris Paribus, nous proposons d'étendre ces informations via une phase dite "d'extension" en considérant chaque préférence (dite "primitive") comme un argument pour départager les alternatives.
Afin de gérer les contradictions entre points de vue, nous formalisons l'introduction d'une étape dite "d'agrégation". Cette dernière permet, via un mécanisme d'élection, de générer une unique préférence "globale".
Enfin, nous proposons une voie pour intégrer notre travail au modèle logique d'agent rationnel proposée par Sadek ainsi qu'une manière pour utiliser nos préférences conjointement avec d'autres types d'informations sur la désirabilité.
Legrand, Nathalie. "Modèle multiphysique et méthodes d'analyse in-situ, non destructives, qualitatives et quantitatives de diverses sources de vieillissement d'accumulateurs lithium-ion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0240.
Повний текст джерелаOptimisation of a battery life time requires the prediction of its ageing and the identification of the involved ageing mechanisms. In order to avoid the limitations due to standard ageing characterisation methods (performance evaluations conducted regularly along ageing and post-mortem characterisations), other tools allowing assessment of the electrode state without deterioration along the life time, have been tested. It concerns a multiphysic model of lithium-ion battery and two methods for in-situ parameter extraction: the first is based on the study of the derivative of the tension profile and the second one, on the difference between the slope of the tension profiles at the fresh state and at the considered state. The non-available parameters required for set up of the multiphysic model for one battery have been evaluated for different states of charge and various temperatures. This model has been validated by comparison with experimental measurements. The application of these tools is illustrated for three different ageing mechanisms. Moreover these methods have been especially applied for the case of lithium plating ageing. Use of the VL41M Saft model allowed to set up an abacus of the limiting charge currents and an experimental validation has been performed in using the method so-called derivation method
Haddad, Hedi. "Une approche pour supporter l'analyse qualitative des suites d'actions dans un environnement géographique virtuel et dynamique : l'analyse " What-if " comme exemple." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26160/26160.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe propose an approach and a tool based on multi-agent geosimulation techniques in order to support courses of action’s (COAs) “What if” analysis in the context of dynamic geographical environments. We present the characteristics of “What if” thinking as a three-step mental simulation process based on qualitative causal reasoning. We stress humans’ cognition limits of such a process in dynamic geographical contexts and we introduce our research motivations. Then we present our multi-agent geosimulation-based approach and we identify its characteristics. We address next three main problems. The first problem concerns modeling of dynamic geographical phenomena. We stress the limits of existing models and we present our model which is based on the concept of spatio-temporal situations. Particularly, we explain how we define our spatio-temporal situations based on the concept of cognitive archetypes proposed by the linguist J-P. Desclés. The second problem consists in transforming the results of multi-agent geosimulations into a qualitative representation expressed in terms of spatio-temporal situations and represented using the conceptual graphs formalism. We present the different steps required for such a transformation. The third problem concerns causal reasoning about spatio-temporal situations. In order to address this problem, we were inspired by works of causal reasoning research community to identify the constraints that must hold to identify causal relationships between spatio-temporal situations. These constraints are 1) knowledge about causality, 2) temporal causal constraints and 3) spatial causal constraints. These constraints are used to infer causal relationships among the results of multi-agent geosimulations. Finally, we present MAGS-COA, a proof on concept that we implemented in order to evaluate the suitability of our approach as a support to real problem solving. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1- An approach based on multi-agent geosimulation to support COA’s “What if” analysis in the context of virtual geographic environments. 2- The application of a model proposed in the linguistic research community to a problem of interest to spatial reasoning research community. 3- A qualitative model based on cognitive archetypes to model spatio-temporal situations. 4- MAGS-COA, a platform of simulation and qualitative analysis of spatio-temporal situations. 5- An algorithm to identify causal relationships between spatio-temporal situations.
Denisse, Munante. "Une approche basée sur l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles pour identifier, concevoir et évaluer des aspects de sécurité." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3035/document.
Повний текст джерелаSoftware engineering is an interdisciplinary approach aiming to formalize the development of systems. This approach begins with defining system requirements and then continues with defining the design, implementation and validation of systems. Historically, systems were isolated and often based on proprietary technologies. Todays, computer systems are interconnected using Internet and standard technologies by promoting interoperability. In spite of undeniable contributions, these changes engender new risks of computer vulnerabilities/attacks. To cope with these risks, information security has improved to implement more or less reliable counter-measures. This thesis is situated at the intersection/crossroads of the software engineering and the information security. It aims to propose an approach that integrates these two fields in a collaborative and complementary manner. Although both fields are closely related, there are few approaches that integrate security aspects into software engineering process, much less from engineering requirements, which allow the assessment of security policies from a high level of abstraction. Hence, this thesis makes a contribution in this area. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an approach based on MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) and MDA (Model Driven Architecture) which integrates software engineering and information security using models. This approach allows to identify, to design and to assess security aspects in the stages of the system development in order to obtain secure systems
Steyer, Jean-Philippe. "Sur une approche qualitative des systemes physiques. Aide en temps reel a la conduite des proceds fermentaires." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30251.
Повний текст джерелаGondard, Delcroix Claire. "La combinaison des analyses qualitative et quantitative : pour une étude des dynamiques de pauvreté en milieu rural malgache." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40017.
Повний текст джерелаMerle, Guillaume. "Modélisation algébrique des arbres de défaillance dynamiques, contribution aux analyses qualitative et quantitative." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502012.
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