Дисертації з теми "Modèles et méthodes pédagogiques"
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Martiano, Sandie. "Pratiques et représentations de l'écrit chez les élèves de cycle III de l'école élémentaire au regard de différents modèles pédagogiques." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003940910204611&vid=upec.
The purpose of the study is to grasp the influence of the implementation of various pedagogical models on the practices and representations of writing among pupils. The point is to identify the existing correlation between the characteristic parameters of these models and the evolution of the practices and representations of writing among pupils. Our research was carried on five groups of third-year pupils in cycle III. Various data have been analyzed : class observations, audio recordings of activities with the whole group or with smaller groups, written questionnaires filled by the pupils to collect their representations of writing and of group-work, pupils' texts and semi-conducted interviews led with the collaboration of the teachers. The results of this study display that the evolution of practices ans representations of writing is conditioned by the presence of some parameters or by the combination of several parameters that are typical of the pedagogical models
Catala, Benoît. "La transmission-appropriation des savoirs stratégiques et tactiques en boxe thaïlandaise : médiation et résolution de problèmes au service de la performance sportive par la comparaison de deux modèles d'entraînement et l'étude de cas d'entraînés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PAUU3066.
The research carried out explores the didactics of Thai boxing, focusing on the dual process of strategic, tactical and technical knowledge transmission and appropriation for the purposes of optimising sport performance . The aim is to train fighters' ability to thoughtfully address challenges presented by an opponent. Our approach centers on reflective thinking occurring before, during and after a training situation's actionin order to foster reasoned, conscious boxing. We seek to acquire innovative training methods and build new relationships between to knowledge, training and trainers, breaking with traditional training models.Our study focuses on comparing the effectiveness of two training models in terms of sport performance. The first model, called the Guided Decision Pedagogy Model (PMDG), involves reinforced coach guidance for solution selection. The second model, known as the Self-Adaptive Approach Pedagogy Model (PMAA), offers less guidance and encourages boxers to independently seek solutions for specific challenges.The originality of this study lies in its interdisciplinary approach, notably associating the didactics of scientific and technological disciplines with clinical research, in a methodological approach integrating quantitative analysis tracking performance evolution in training situations, and qualitative analysis delving into practitioners' subjective experiences.The experimental protocol involved implementing two unique training models to address problems posed by an attacking opponent, for which we had quantitative data on the boxer's defensive actions. This allowed us to assess participants' progress in each group through statistical analysis. Additionally, various variables were examined to assess the relationship between methods, rounds and types of problem.We also gathered trainees' subjective experiences through semi-structured interviews conducted before and after the protocol. Analysing this data provided insights into how each individual perceived and developed their relationship to knowledge, training and the coach during the experiment.In our comprehensive analysis of results, it appears that the PMDG method is more effective for group advancement, while the PMAA method appears to be more conducive to individual progress.Regarding the interviews and the trainees' relationships to training and the coach, participants highly appreciated having some degree of autonomy. They found satisfaction in seeking solutions independently, but they also relied on the coach, especially in opposition scenarios or for validation, advice, or motivation during training. The case studies underscored the distinct experiences of each fighter in their coach-student relationship, and for some, the evolution of their ideas.This study could be extended by applying the same protocol to offensive strategies or by comparing its effects with other established models.The objective is to corroborate current findings, uncover new insights, contribute to the advancement of training and research in the realm of sports and athletics, and more generally to foster the development and exploration of novel models of knowledge transmission and appropriation
Ouraiba, El Amine. "Scénarisation pédagogique pour des EIAH ouverts : Une approche dirigée par les modèles et spécifique au domaine métier." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790696.
Peyrat, Marie-France. "Tutorat et apprentissage coopératif : comparaison de deux méthodes pédagogiques." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21523.
During nine weeks, 149 pupils of junior high school are working on tasks in French, either individually, or in group. The pupils have the opportunity to exchange their points of view, to have access to word more often and in a freer way in collective work. Comparing pedagogic methods, is accessing if the asymmetry of skills required by tutoring is more or less efficient for the pupils’ progress, than the symmetry, implemented at the level of cooperative learning. It’s also trying to know if the time spent together influences progress or not. Theories of children’s cognitive development allow to interpret the observations and results of group work which are set up
Villiot-Leclercq, Emmanuelle. "Modèle de soutien à l'élaboration et à la réutilisation de scénarios pédagogiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00156604.
Avec le développement des TICE, les praticiens de la formation (enseignants et concepteurs pédagogiques) se trouvent confrontés dans leur travail quotidien à la conception de situations d'apprentissage instrumentées. Cette situation entraîne de nouvelles pratiques de conception pédagogique (partage, réutilisation) et un essor des approches pédagogiques « actives », tout en conduisant les praticiens à porter une attention particulière à la formalisation préalable des situations d'apprentissage via des scénarios pédagogiques. Ces derniers sont ainsi définis par Paquette (05) : « un ensemble ordonné d'activités, régies par des acteurs qui utilisent et produisent des ressources ».
Dans ce contexte, notre problème de recherche porte sur les modalités d'expression des scénarios pédagogiques qui permettraient à un scénario d'être facilement réutilisable par un enseignant et un concepteur pédagogique. Notre hypothèse générale est que si les scénarios étaient décrits de façon plus formelle, si les intentions pédagogiques y étaient mieux explicitées, et si les tâches de réutilisation étaient mieux définies et mieux soutenues, ils seraient plus facilement réutilisables. Notre objectif général de recherche porte ainsi, d'une part sur la façon d'exprimer, des scénarios formalisés et instrumentables par les TICE, et d'autre part, de soutenir l'apprentissage de leur réutilisation dans un contexte spécifique. Notre méthodologie de recherche est fondée sur une double approche : une approche par modélisation et une approche centrée usager. Elle vise l'élaboration de modèles théoriques en interaction avec les praticiens de la formation et intègre des évaluations aux diverses étapes de la modélisation.
Nous présentons dans ce document trois propositions qui permettent de répondre à notre hypothèse et objectif de recherche. La première proposition est une méthode basée sur une métaphore pour exprimer de façon formalisée et instrumentable les scénarios pédagogiques : la méthode des Pléiades. La seconde proposition est un modèle d'interprétation du processus de réutilisation des scénarios pédagogiques : le modèle CAA (Choix, Appropriation, Adaptation). La troisième proposition est un modèle de soutien à quatre niveaux au processus de réutilisation des scénarios pédagogiques formalisés : le modèle MOSCA. Ce modèle repose sur un ensemble d'artefacts mis à la disposition des usagers pour les soutenir lors de leur tâche de réutilisation. Le choix et la construction des artefacts s'appuient à la fois sur la méthode des Pléiades et sur le modèle CAA.
La méthode et les modèles ont été évalués avec des usagers-experts en scénarisation sur la réutilisation d'un scénario « Étude de Cas ». L'évaluation a montré que les formalismes proposés favorisaient une meilleure compréhension du processus de scénarisation ainsi que la réutilisation et l'adaptation des scénarios. Les conclusions de ce travail ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives de prolongement et de recherche à court et moyen terme.
Belandria, de Méndez Carmen. "L'audiovisuel et l'enseignant universitaire au Venezuela : pratiques personnelles et pédagogiques." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H067.
Lachheb, Monia. "Modèles du corps et modèles pédagogiques à travers l'éducation physique et sportive tunisienne contemporaine." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30004.
The research is about epistemological basis of body models transmitted by the Tunisian educational system and the pedagological models used in order to make concrete its intentions. The analysis of legislative texts related to this discipline of teaching and the ethnographic description of pedagogical practises show that the sporting body constitutes the privileged corporal ideal type that guides its axiological orientations. The didactic model reveals an obvious coherence between versant discursive and versant pragmatic proper to physical education. When the analysis considers the body as the starting point, it reveals that the corporality uniformed and normalised by the injunctions of this educational model is assimilated to an automate and interpreted with reference to a mechanical metaphor
Mille, Dominique. "Modèles et outils logiciels pour l'annotation sémantique de documents pédagogiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011468.
This thesis is interested in the annotations produced by learning on electronic documents. The annotations are useful to memorize a step of comprehension as well as to find information easily. We notice that the electronic annotation is little practised because of reading and annotation discomforts. Moreover annotations contain an implicit semantics, lost during the re-uses, such as for example of the relation between color and objective of the annotation. In this context, our objective is to propose effective formalisms and tools for the electronic annotation of teaching resources by learning. In this context, our objective is to propose formalisms and effective tools for the learners electronic annotation of educational resources. This effectiveness means that devices must be adapted to the software and material levels, that they anticipate the re-uses to avoid the systematic impression of the documents, and that they offer the advantages of a computerized treatment. It also means that the annotations must be preserved in their completeness: it is thus necessary to clarify their semantics both at the level of a formal representation and at the level of an annotor. More precisely, our work comprises a proposal of formal representation of the annotation, which we inplant and test during ecological experiments. In result, we produce an effective specification of effective annotor based on the metaphors of paper and pencil case: the reader keeps his paper practices during the reading and the creation, and he benefits from the advantages of a computerized treatment for the valuation, the research and the sharing
Salehi-Abtahi, Marjan. "Textes littéraires et classe de Français langue étrangère : modèles didactiques et propositions pédagogiques." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030068.
The teaching a foreign language has often been associated with using literary texts. Situations change, objectives, methodologies, and techniques evolve but beyond these transformations, the relationship between literature and teaching of a language in one form or another has remained the same. After being temporarily underestimated during the sixties, didactical methods of teaching “French as a Foreign Language” (FFL) and use of literature, once again found its importance in the early eighties and this “come back” has been validated by the Communicative approach. Publication of numerous research works on teaching of literature and use of literary texts in language courses, shows clearly the reintroduction of this matter in the didactics of FFL. In this research work, our objective is to examine the existence of a gap in synchrony and in diachrony, between the didactic models proposed in the theoretical books and the pedagogic propositions on textbooks and pedagogical files on specialized reviews. To accomplish this, we chose the theoretical basic books in didactics of the FFL, to learn the didactical models proposed, concerning the teaching of literature in language courses. In regards to pedagogical propositions, we decided to work on some methods of language teaching published in France between 1994 and 2005 as well as pedagogical records in specialized journals, specifically in Le Français dans le Monde
Falempe, Michel. "Synthèse des réseaux de fluides et de leurs méthodes d'étude, aspects pédagogiques, expérimentaux et industriels." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/470db46c-3100-4a06-aba4-d80dcd440688.
Jung, Matthieu. "Évolution du VIH : méthodes, modèles et algorithmes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842785.
Jung, Matthieu. "Evolution du VIH : méthodes, modèles et algorithmes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20052/document.
Nucleotide sequences data enable the inference of phylogenetic trees, or phylogenies, describing their evolutionary re-lationships during evolution. Combining these sequences with their sampling date or country of origin, allows inferring the temporal or spatial localization of their common ancestors. These data and methods are widely used with viral sequences, and particularly with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to trace the viral epidemic history over time and throughout the globe. Using sequences sampled at different points in time (or heterochronous) is also a mean to estimate their substitution rate, which characterizes the speed of evolution. The most commonly used methods to achieve these tasks are accurate, but are computationally heavy since they are based on complex models, and can only handle few hundreds of sequences. With an increasing number of sequences avail-able in the databases, often several thousand for a given study, the development of fast and accurate methods becomes essential. Here, we present a new distance-based method, named Ultrametric Least Squares, which is based on the princi-ple of least squares (very popular in phylogenetics) to estimate the substitution rate of a set of heterochronous sequences and the dates of their most recent common ancestors. We demonstrate that the criterion to be optimized is piecewise parabolic, and provide an efficient algorithm to find the global minimum.Using sequences sampled at different locations also helps to trace transmission chains of an epidemic. In this respect, we used all available sequences (~3,500) of HIV-1 subtype C, responsible for nearly 50% of global HIV-1 infections, to estimate its major migratory flows on a worldwide scale and its geographic origin. Innovative tools, based on the principle of parsimony, combined with several statistical criteria were used to synthesize and interpret information in a large phylogeny representing all the studied sequences. Finally, the temporal and geographical origins of the HIV-1 subtype C in Senegal were further explored and more specifically for men who have sex with men
Houssou-Sah, Moïse. "Modèles pédagogiques et adaptation de l'école au milieu en AfriqueL'expérience du Bénin." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100149.
Gauzens, Benoit. "Structure et fonctionnalité des réseaux trophiques : modèles et méthodes." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066298.
Pétin, Jean-François. "Méthodes et modèles pour un processus sûr d'automatisation." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202431.
Plumejeaud, Christine. "Modèles et méthodes pour l'information spatio-temporelle évolutive." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630984.
Mercier, Sophie. "Modèles stochastiques et méthodes numériques pour la fiabilité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368100.
Nous nous intéressons ensuite au remplacement préventif de composants devenus obsolescents, du fait de l'apparition de nouveaux composants plus performants. Le problème est ici de déterminer la stratégie optimale de remplacement des anciens composants par les nouveaux. Les résultats obtenus conduisent à des stratégies très différentes selon que les composants ont des taux de panne constants ou non.
Les travaux suivants sont consacrés à l'évaluation numérique de différentes quantités fiabilistes, les unes liées à des sommes de variables aléatoires indépendantes, du type fonction de renouvellement par exemple, les autres liées à des systèmes markoviens ou semi-markoviens. Pour chacune de ces quantités, nous proposons des bornes simples et aisément calculables, dont la précision peut être ajustée en fonction d'un pas de temps. La convergence des bornes est par ailleurs démontrée, et des algorithmes de calcul proposés.
Nous nous intéressons ensuite à des systèmes hybrides, issus de la fiabilité dynamique, dont l'évolution est modélisée à l'aide d'un processus de Markov déterministe par morceaux (PDMP). Pour de tels systèmes, les quantités fiabilistes usuelles ne sont généralement pas atteignables analytiquement et doivent être calculées numériquement. Ces quantités s'exprimant à l'aide des lois marginales du PDMP (les lois à t fixé), nous nous attachons plus spécifiquement à leur évaluation. Pour ce faire, nous commençons par les caractériser comme unique solution d'un système d'équations intégro-différentielles. Puis, partant de ces équations, nous proposons deux schémas de type volumes finis pour les évaluer, l'un explicite, l'autre implicite, dont nous démontrons la convergence. Nous étudions ensuite un cas-test issu de l'industrie gazière, que nous modélisons à l'aide d'un PDMP, et pour lequel nous calculons différentes quantités fiabilistes, d'une part par méthodes de volumes finis, d'autre part par simulations de Monte-Carlo. Nous nous intéressons aussi à des études de sensibilité : les caractéristiques d'un PDMP sont supposées dépendre d'une famille de paramètres et le problème est de comparer l'influence qu'ont ces différents paramètres sur un critère donné, à horizon fini ou infini. Cette étude est faite au travers des dérivées du critère d'étude par rapport aux paramètres, dont nous démontrons l'existence et que nous calculons.
Enfin, nous présentons rapidement les travaux effectués par Margot Desgrouas lors de sa thèse consacrée au comportement asymptotique des PDMP, et nous donnons un aperçu de quelques travaux en cours et autres projets.
Dia, Baye Moussa. "Méthodes et modèles d'évaluation d'options avec dividende stochastique." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010035.
Dumas, Laurent. "Méthodes mathématiques et numériques pour les modèles cinétiques." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077018.
Lefèvre, Marie. "Processus unifié pour la personnalisation des activités pédagogiques : méta-modèle, modèles et outils." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625465.
Delomier, Florent. "Jeux pédagogiques collaboratifs situés : conception et mise en oeuvre dirigées par les modèles." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995808.
Courrieu, Pierre. "Quelques modèles et méthodes pour l'étude de la cognition." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634483.
Kozhemyak, Anastasia. "Modèles mathématiques et méthodes de reconstruction en imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004165.
Kaouane, Yassine. "Méthodes tangentielles pour les réductions de modèles et applications." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0501/document.
Large-scale simulations play a crucial role in the study of a great variety of complex physical phenomena, leading often to overwhelming demands on computational resources. Managing these demands constitutes the main motivation for model reduction : produce simpler reduced-order models, which allow for faster and cheaper simulation while accurately approximating the behaviour of the original model. The presence of multiple inputs and outputs (MIMO) systems, makes the reduction process even more challenging. In this thesis we are interested in methods of reducing large-scale models, using projection on tangential Krylov subspaces. We are looking at the development of techniques using tangential interpolation. These present an effective and interesting alternative to the balanced truncation which is considered as a reference in the field and especially for the reduction of linear time invariant systems. Finally, special attention will be focused on the development of new efficient algorithms and application to practical problems
Rottenberg, Sam. "Modèles, méthodes et outils pour les systèmes répartis multiéchelles." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0003/document.
Computer systems are becoming more and more complex. Most of them are distributed over several levels of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures. These systems are sometimes referred to as multiscale systems. The word “multiscale” may qualify extremely various distributed systems according to the viewpoints in which they are characterized, such as the geographic dispersion of the entities, the nature of the hosting devices, the networks they are deployed on, or the users’ organization. For one entity of a multiscale system, communication technologies, non-functional properties (in terms of persistence or security) or architectures to be favored may vary depending on the relevant multiscale characterization defined for the system and on the scale associated to the entity. Moreover, ad hoc architectures of such complex systems are costly and non-sustainable. In this doctoral thesis, we propose a multiscale characterization framework, called MuSCa. The framework includes a characterization process based on the concepts of viewpoints, dimensions and scales, which enables to put to the fore the multiscale characteristics of each studied system. These concepts constitute the core of a dedicated metamodel. The proposed framework allows multiscale distributed systems designers to share a taxonomy for qualifying each system. The result of a characterization is a model from which the framework produces software artifacts that provide scale-awareness to the system’s entities at runtime
Libouban, Hélène. "Modèles animaux d'hyper-résorption osseuse : méthodes d'étude et physiopathologie." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0502.
Several animal models, with a high bone resorption level, were studied : the orchidectomized (ORX) rat model, the 5T2MM murine myeloma model with or without ovariectomy (OVX). We have first examined reproducibility, accuracy and sensibility of several methods used to evaluate bone loss. Then, we have studied the physiopathology of high remodeling rate in these animal models. Densitometric measurements (DXA) of bone mineral content (BMC) were done in control rats. Precise and accurate BMC measurements were obtained on 3 different generations of densitometer. However, discrepancy of BMC was dependent on the net weight of the bone. BMC measurements were performed on bone of ORX rat and ORX treated with a bisphosphonate. Accuracy was not affected by a large distribution of BMC values. DXA appeared to be less sensitive than bone histomorphometry to appreciate bone loss in the ORX rat model. In the ORX rat, histomorphometry evidenced alteration of trabecular bone architecture before bone loss occured. In the 5T2MM murine myeloma model, the increase of bone resorption induced disaparition of trabecular bone and numerous cortical perforations. We have proposed a combined animal model in which OVX was performed in mice prior inoculation of 5T2MM cells. OXV induced an increase bone remodeling which was associated with an increase of tumor growth and earlier development of osteolytic lesions. This result could explain some sudden burden of indolent MM into aggressive MM in man when a modification of mode remodeling happens
Michel, Johan. "Modèles d'activités pédagogiques et de support à l'interaction pour l'apprentissage d'une langue : le système Sampras." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090250.
Lourdel, Nathalie. "Méthodes pédagogiques et représentation de la compréhension du développement durable : application à la formation des élèves ingénieurs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781854.
Kohler, Rambour Chantal. "Apport des nouvelles méthodes pédagogiques à l'enseignement médical : histologie : auto-formation et auto-évaluation en histologie embryologie." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10542.
Medina, Juliette. "Modèles et méthodes d'optimisation pour la mutualisation des chaînes logistiques." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0299/document.
The main purpose of this PhD. thesis is to provide methodological solutions for a collaborative transport between suppliers and retail platforms. The outcomes of this collaboration are numerous:cost reduction, greenhouse gas emission reduction and higher quality of service. The network is structured around cross-docking platforms developed by the company 4S Network. We model and solve several optimization problems in this collaborative network, using operationsresearch techniques. The major scientific challenge is to simultaneously solve a Service Network Design Problem in a national logistics network and several Vehicle Routing Problems at regional level. We consider additional constraints and prevailing pricing arising from the carriers, in particular non-linear costs. The resulting optimization problems are solved by matheuristic methods, that combine exact approaches as column generation and (meta)heuristic approaches as tabu search. The algorithms developed in this thesis are the core functions of a software tool developed for 4S network
Aknine, Samir. "Modèles et méthodes de coordination dans les systèmes multi-agents." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090078.
Soule, Augustin. "Méthodes et modèles de détection d'anomalies dans les réseaux d'opérateurs." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066088.
Pastori, Claudio. "Modèles et méthodes pour l'analyse de style : approches théoriques et applications empiriques." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100008.
The style analysis is today considered as one of the most innovative and interesting financial techniques. Introduced in the United States through the publication of two articles by W. Sharpe in 1988 and 1992, this technique for classifying financial assets is being used in Europe not only by institutional investors but also by private managers. This Ph. D. Thesis provides a full panorama of the issues linked to the style analysis, explaining the differences between the more commonly used management styles, presenting the principal theories and analyzing advantages and disadvantages of each single approach. Moreover, certain aspects connected to interpreting management styles are covered, as well as the persistence of performance in portfolios. In this respect, the Bayes method for determining the management styles is covered as well as an application of Markov's techniques for the creation of a synthetic indicator used for evaluating the persistence of performance of portfolios
Lemius, Brigitte. "Ecrire au CDI ? : analyse d'une pratique en EREA : enjeux identitaires et pédagogiques." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21003.
According to the French education officials, the Information and Communication Technologies for Schools - hypertext in particular - represent tools of success for pupils who have difficulties and give them new possibilities. Our methodology consists in writing sessions for pupils of three classes - one CPPN, i. E. A prevocational class, one "seconde BEP secrétariat", i. E. A secretarial studies fifth-form and one "seconde BEP comptabilité", i. E. An accountancy studies fifth-form. The writing sessions take place in a CDI (i. E. Centre of Documentation and Information) of an EREA (i. E. Regional secondary school for handicapped pupils). The analysis process uses three entities : the place in itself, that is the CDI, the spastic public and the hypertext software. The use of hypertext software produces reactions and triggers modifications in our research as was previously intended. The complexity of a research situation at school with an educational act obliges to refer to a plural approach of theories. In particular the Practical Analysis is used in my work as a teacher-documentalist because it goes beyond the contradiction between the practitioner and the researcher. Hypertext writing is possible with a computer as well as with a pen. It is a possibility to write about one's own life and experience and to reach self-education. Faulty and poor texts are no more disqualified, on the contrary they serve the education of individuals and as such call for a new theory, which has still to be built. The hypertext is a mark created by writing pupils and representing them. The role of the teacher-documentalist can be redefined as a mediation role between the pupil and the adolescent, and is open to heuristic manifestations
Courtault, Jean-René. "Logiques de ressources dynamiques : modèles, propriétés et preuves." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0033.
In computer science, the notion of resource is a central concern. We consider as a resource, any entity that can be composed or decomposed into sub-entities. Many logics were proposed to model and express properties on these resources, like BI logic, a logic about sharing and separation of resources. As the computer systems manipulate resources, a crucial issue consists in providing new models that capture the dynamics of resources, and also in verifying and proving properties on these models. In this context, we define new logics with new models and new languages allowing to respectively capture and express new properties on the dynamics of resources. Moreover, for all these logics, we also study the foundations of proof search and provide tableau methods and counter-model extraction methods. After defining new Petri nets, called ß-PN, we propose a new semantics based on ß-PN for BI logic, that allows us to show that BI is able to capture a kind of dynamics of resources. After observing that it is necessary to introduce new modalities in BI logic, we study successively different modal extensions of BI. We define a logic, called DBI, that allows us to model resources having dynamic properties, meaning that they evolve during the iterations of a system. Then, we define a logic, called DMBI, that allows us to model systems that manipulate/produce/consume resources. Moreover, we define a new modal logic, called LSM, having new multiplicative modalities, that deals with resources. Finally, we introduce the notion of separation in Epistemic Logic, obtaining a new logic, called ESL, that models and expresses new properties on agent knowledge
Infante, Acevedo José Arturo. "Méthodes et modèles numériques appliqués aux risques du marché et à l'évaluation financière." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937131.
Ben, Hamed Mahé. "Evaluation de la congruence entre évolutions génétique, morphologique et linguistique : modèles et méthodes." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066369.
Infante, Acevedo José Arturo. "Méthodes et modèles numériques appliqués aux risques du marché et à l’évaluation financière." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1086/document.
This work is organized in two themes : (i) A novel numerical method to price options on manyassets, (ii) The liquidity risk, the limit order book modeling and the market microstructure.First theme : Greedy algorithms and applications for solving partial differential equations in high dimension Many problems of interest for various applications (material sciences, finance, etc) involve high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). The typical example in finance is the pricing of a basket option, which can be obtained by solving the Black-Scholes PDE with dimension the number of underlying assets. We propose to investigate an algorithm which has been recently proposed and analyzed in [ACKM06, BLM09] to solve such problems and try to circumvent the curse of dimensionality. The idea is to represent the solution as a sum of tensor products and to compute iteratively the terms of this sum using a greedy algorithm. The resolution of high dimensional partial differential equations is highly related to the representation of high dimensional functions. In Chapter 1, we describe various linear approaches existing in literature to represent high dimensional functions and we introduce the high dimensional problems in finance that we will address in this work. The method studied in this manuscript is a non-linear approximation method called the Proper Generalized Decomposition. Chapter 2 shows the application of this method to approximate the so-lution of a linear PDE (the Poisson problem) and also to approximate a square integrable function by a sum of tensor products. A numerical study of this last problem is presented in Chapter 3. The Poisson problem and the approximation of a square integrable function will serve as basis in Chapter 4for solving the Black-Scholes equation using the PGD approach. In numerical experiments, we obtain results for up to 10 underlyings. Second theme : Liquidity risk, limit order book modeling and market microstructure. Liquidity risk and market microstructure have become in the past years an important topic in mathematical finance. One possible reason is the deregulation of markets and the competition between them to try to attract as many investors as possible. Thus, quotation rules are changing and, in general, more information is available. In particular, it is possible to know at each time the awaiting orders on some stocks and to have a record of all the past transactions. In this work we study how to use this information to optimally execute buy or sell orders, which is linked to the traders' behaviour that want to minimize their trading cost. In [AFS10], Alfonsi, Fruth and Schied have proposed a simple LOB model. In this model, it is possible to explicitly derive the optimal strategy for buying (or selling) a given amount of shares before a given deadline. Basically, one has to split the large buy (or sell) order into smaller ones in order to find the best trade-off between attracting new orders and the price of the orders. Here, we focus on an extension of the Limit Order Book (LOB) model with general shape introduced by Alfonsi, Fruth and Schied. The additional feature is a time-varying LOB depth that represents a new feature of the LOB highlighted in [JJ88, GM92, HH95, KW96]. We solve the optimal execution problem in this framework for both discrete and continuous time strategies. This gives in particular sufficient conditions to exclude Price Manipulations in the sense of Huberman and Stanzl [HS04] or Transaction-Triggered Price Manipulations (see Alfonsi, Schied and Slynko). The seconditions give interesting qualitative insights on how market makers may create price manipulations
Tran, Duc Quynh. "Optimisation non convexe en finance et en gestion de production : modèles et méthodes." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ019S/document.
This thesis deals with optimization techniques for solving some optimization problems in two domains : portfolio selection and production management. They are large scale non convex optimization problems due to integer variables and/or the non convexity of the objective function. Our approach is based on DC programming and DCA, DC relaxation techniques and the algorithm Branch and Bound. This work is motivated by the robustness and the performance of the DC programming and DCA compared to other methods. The thesis includes three parts : In the first part, we present the fundamental tools and the essential techniques in DC programming, DCA as well as the method Branch and Bound. The second one concerns some non convex optimization problem in portfolio selection. Two following problems are considered : Min max continuous problem with the cardinality constraints in portfolio selection ; A class of bilevel programming problems and its application in portfolio selection. The third part contains some non convex optimization problems in production management. We study three problems : Minimization of the maintenance cost involving the flow time and the tardiness penalty ; Minimization of the cost of multi-stages production/inventory systems with bottleneck ; Determination of transfer prices and inventory policy in supply chain of two enterprises
Tran, Duc Quynh. "Optimisation non convexe en finance et en gestion de production : modèles et méthodes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ019S.
This thesis deals with optimization techniques for solving some optimization problems in two domains : portfolio selection and production management. They are large scale non convex optimization problems due to integer variables and/or the non convexity of the objective function. Our approach is based on DC programming and DCA, DC relaxation techniques and the algorithm Branch and Bound. This work is motivated by the robustness and the performance of the DC programming and DCA compared to other methods. The thesis includes three parts : In the first part, we present the fundamental tools and the essential techniques in DC programming, DCA as well as the method Branch and Bound. The second one concerns some non convex optimization problem in portfolio selection. Two following problems are considered : Min max continuous problem with the cardinality constraints in portfolio selection ; A class of bilevel programming problems and its application in portfolio selection. The third part contains some non convex optimization problems in production management. We study three problems : Minimization of the maintenance cost involving the flow time and the tardiness penalty ; Minimization of the cost of multi-stages production/inventory systems with bottleneck ; Determination of transfer prices and inventory policy in supply chain of two enterprises
Sai, Kacem. "Modèles à grand nombre de variables internes et méthodes numériques associées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1993. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001728.
Tremolet, Arnault. "Modèles et méthodes numériques les études conceptuelles d'aéronefs à voilure tournante." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952559.
Goncharova, Olena. "Méthodes et modèles de construction automatisée d'ontologies pour des domaines spécialisés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2018/document.
The thesis has been prepared within a co-supervision agreement with the Professors Jean-Hugues Chauchat (ERIC-Lyon2) and N.V. Charonova (National Polytechnic University of Kharkov in Ukraine).The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. State of the art:Retrospective of theoretical foundations concerning the formalization of knowledge and natural language as precursors of ontology engineering.Update of the state of the art on general approaches in the field of ontology learning, and on methods for extracting terms and semantic relations.Overview of platforms and tools for ontology construction and learning; list of lexical resources available online able to support ontology learning (concept learning and relationship).2. Methodological proposals:Learning morphosyntactic patterns and implementing partial taxonomies of terms.Finding semantic classes representing concepts and relationships for the field of radiological safety.Building a frame for the various stages of the work leading to the construction of the ontology in the field of radiological safety.3. Implementation and experiments:Loading of two corpuses specialized in radiological protection, in French and Russian, with 1,500,000 and 600,000 lexical units respectively.Implementation of the three previous methods and analysis of the results obtained.The results have been published in 13 national and international journals and proceedings, between 2010 and 2016, including IMS-2012, TIA-2013, TOTH-2014, Bionica Intellecta (Бионика интеллекта) , Herald of the NTU "~ KhPI ~" (Вестник НТУ "~ ХПИ ~")
Henry, Didier. "Modèles de propagation de l'information et méthodes de sciences des données." Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0323/document.
Nowadays, online social media has transformed the way we create, share and access information. These platforms rely on gigantic networks that promote the free exchange of information between hundreds of millions of people around the world, and this instantly.Whether related to a global event or in connection with a local event, these messages may influence a society and may contain information useful for the detection or prediction of real-world phenomena.However, some broadcast messages can have a very negative impact in real life. These messages containing false information can have disastrous consequences.To avoid and anticipate these dramatic situations, follow rumors, avoid bad reputations, it is necessary to study and then model the propagation of information.However, most of the diffusion models introduced are based on axiomatic hypotheses represented by mathematical models. As a result, these models are far removed from the users' dissemination behaviors in that they do not incorporate observations made on concrete dissemination cases. In our work, we study the phenomenon of diffusion of information at two scales. On a microscopic scale, we observed diffusion behaviors based on the personality traits of users by analyzing the messages they post in terms of feelings and emotions. On a macroscopic scale, we analyzed the evolution of the diffusion phenomenon by taking into account the geographical dimension of the users
Xia, Qing. "modèles et méthodes pour le génération de processus de fabrication reconfigurables." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0004/document.
Conventional manufacturing process planning approaches are inefficient to handle the process planning complexity induced by product variety and manufacturing dynamics. Reconfigurable process planning (RPP) is an emerging CAPP approach targeting to the generation of process plans for a product/part family. This thesis aims to give major contributions to the representation models and generation methods to support reconfigurable process planning at two granularity levels: product family and part family. The proposed approaches for RPP are compatible with an extended concept of product/part family which is defined by using the concept of “domain”. A feature-based product/part variety model is developed to represent the required information for RPP by using modular and platform-based techniques. Mathematical models and graph-based representation models are proposed to describe the reconfigurable process plan at two granularity levels. Based on the representation models, the generation methods and algorithms are then developed for RPP. In addition, a global framework is proposed to describe how the proposed RPP models and methods work together to handle the product/part variety and manufacturing dynamics. To test the feasibility of the proposed models and methods, a gear pump family and an oil pump body family are used as illustrative examples throughout this thesis
Denis, Marie. "Méthodes de modélisation bayésienne et applications en recherche clinique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T001.
For some years a craze for the methods of bayesian modelling was observed in diverse domains as the environment, the medicine. The studies in clinical research lies on the modelling mathematical and the statistical inference. The purpose of this thesis is to study the possible applications of such a modelling within the framework of the clinical research. Indeed, judgments, knowledge of the experts (doctors, biologists) are many and important. It thus seems natural to want to take into account all these knowledge a priori in the statistical model. After a background on the fundamental of the bayesian statistics, preliminary works within the framework of the theory of the decision are presented as well as a state of the art of the methods of approximation. A MCMC method with reversible jumps was organized in the context of models known well in clinical research : the model of Cox and the logistic model. An approach of selection of model is proposed as an alternative in the classic criteria within the framework of the regression spline. Finally various applications of the nonparametric bayesian methods are developed. Algorithms are adapted and implemented to be able to apply such methods. This thesis allows to advance the bayesian methods in various ways within the framework of the clinical research through several sets of data
Courtault, Jean-René. "Logiques de ressources dynamiques : modèles, propriétés et preuves." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0033/document.
In computer science, the notion of resource is a central concern. We consider as a resource, any entity that can be composed or decomposed into sub-entities. Many logics were proposed to model and express properties on these resources, like BI logic, a logic about sharing and separation of resources. As the computer systems manipulate resources, a crucial issue consists in providing new models that capture the dynamics of resources, and also in verifying and proving properties on these models. In this context, we define new logics with new models and new languages allowing to respectively capture and express new properties on the dynamics of resources. Moreover, for all these logics, we also study the foundations of proof search and provide tableau methods and counter-model extraction methods. After defining new Petri nets, called ß-PN, we propose a new semantics based on ß-PN for BI logic, that allows us to show that BI is able to capture a kind of dynamics of resources. After observing that it is necessary to introduce new modalities in BI logic, we study successively different modal extensions of BI. We define a logic, called DBI, that allows us to model resources having dynamic properties, meaning that they evolve during the iterations of a system. Then, we define a logic, called DMBI, that allows us to model systems that manipulate/produce/consume resources. Moreover, we define a new modal logic, called LSM, having new multiplicative modalities, that deals with resources. Finally, we introduce the notion of separation in Epistemic Logic, obtaining a new logic, called ESL, that models and expresses new properties on agent knowledge
El, Yahchouchi Georges. "Modèles Feltham-Ohlson et parties prenantes de création de valeur : méthodes et relations empiriques." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40029.
El, Abdi Fouad. "Méthodes de géométrie différentielle dans les modèles statistiques et applications : modèles exponentiels et modèles normaux multidimensionnels : reconstruction des densités de probabilité et des densités spectrales." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112253.
This work is a wide application of differential geometry methods to statistic. In chapter one we introduce the differential methods used in statistical models, essentially a Riemannian manifold structure with a pair of dual connexions with respect to particular metrics These methods have already been used by AMARI, CHENTSOV, EFRON, LAURITZEN In the two following chapters we study the projection estimators introduced by AMARI and LAURITZEN especially their asymptotic properties which in the case of exponential families have a geomeric expression So we have proved first that the first order efficiency means that the underlying Riemannian geometry is conformably equivalent to the Fisher one and then that the second order efficiency means a similar property for the underlying connexions. Note that almost all the usual estimators maximum of likelihood minimum of contrast belong to this class. The last part of this work is an application of the previous results 1- To multivariate normal model, especially to the non-linear multivariate normal regression 2-To reconstruction by projection of probability densities and spectrale densities in the case of Hilbertian manifolds
Brassat, Emmanuel. "Education, apprentissage et connaissance : la formation des idées pédagogiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100030/document.
Since the beginning of human sciences at the end of the eighteenth century, scientific pedagogy and psychology were founded conjointly around questions of the development and learning activity in childhood. The ideas of activity, development and learning have allowed to establish the empiricist hypothesis of a psychogenesis of mental faculties that would be proven naturally by the successive phases of childhood. The movements of New Education, stemming from the philosophical and pedagogical theses expounded in Rousseau’s Emile in 1762 have provided the ideal of a negative education founded on the activity of the child as spontaneous expression of his vital and spiritual forces with its practical dimension. It is in the intertwinent of a metaphysics of activity, a liberal and humanist conception of education, an emancipatory rationality, and pedagogical psycho-physiological perpectives marked increasingly by evolutionism and utilitarianism, that the principal paradigms of contemporary pedagogies were born : sensualist, vitalist, pragmatic, functionalist, and finaly constructivist. In the vein of M. Foucault this thesis proposes an archeological and genealogical analysis of the philosophical and epistemological apparatus or ”dispositives” that, converging and diverging, made the formation of these pedagogies possible. It seems that Rousseau did not only write the program of their deployment, but also anticipated the contradictions that the latter would encounter during the subsequent institutional crisis of modernity