Дисертації з теми "Modèles de réseau de pores"
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Kamtchueng, Toko. "Formulation généralisée du transport réactif pour les modèles de réseaux de pores saturés en eau." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2087/document.
Повний текст джерелаProtection and remediation of ground water resources are a major societal challenge. It implies to understand the evolution of solutes as pollutant in the saturated and non-saturated zones. For that purpose numerous studies have been conducted for modeling the reactive transport in a porous media. At Darcy scale, the behavior of solutes depends on microscopic heterogeneity for the media. The Pore Network Models (PNM) simplifies drastically its geometry and considers pores linked by straight throats the section of which is constant. They give a description which is in between the macroscopic and the pore descriptions. With such geometry it is possible to use a Poiseuille flow modeling the flux. With respect to the reactiontransport equation, we seek the analytical solution of the CDE in throats, which in turn allows computing the mass flux in pores. The transport solution consists of a Volterra equation system. Its convolution kernels result in a summation of time function which is decreasing exponentially with time (except the first term which still constant). The time constant is driven by the diffusion time td. As td goes to zero, keeping the Peclet number fixed, each term of the summation reduces to a Dirac. The response of the system is then instantaneous. When the volume of the pore is large enough it is possible to neglect all the term of the kernel except the constant one. In the limit where the Peclet number goes to zero, usual models are recovered. Numerically, the exponential time decreasing of the kernel allow to optimize their computational time up to an arbitrary fixed precision
Combaret, Nicolas. "Construction d'un modèle de réseau de pores à partir d'une image 3D pour l'estimation de la perméabilité." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802468.
Повний текст джерелаLaloue, Nicolas. "Étude phénoménologique de la co-diffusion dans les zéolithes avec une approche par modèle de réseau de pores." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10247.
Повний текст джерелаThe diffusion of n-hexane (nC6) isomers in the silicalite-1, as single component or in binary mixtures, is studied by Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to get a better insight of correlation effects between molecules. Original models, based on anisotropic transition rates to account for the molecule distribution within the zeolite, consider guest-guest interactions and different saturation capacities. Simulated loading dependences of single component self- and corrected diffusivities of nC6 and nC7 are in good agreement with Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering data. Results on binary diffusion of nC6/2,2-dimethylbutane (22DMB) mixtures show the impact of nC6-22DMB interactions on both self- and corrected diffusivities of the two species, while molecule-size effects prevail near 22DMB saturation capacity. Acceleration/deceleration effects are confirmed
Belgacem, Najib. "Modélisation mixte continue-réseau de pores des transferts diphasiques cathodiques d'une pile à combustible PEMFC." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17731/1/BELGACEM_Najib.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNardi, Cyril. "Evaluation de la mobilité d'un polluant organique en conditions triphasiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066304.
Повний текст джерелаDebaste, Frédéric. "Modélisation de l'évaporation en milieu poreux: développement de modèles fondamentaux et appliqués." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210496.
Повний текст джерелаtransport et de thermodynamique apparaissant lors de l'évaporation
en milieu poreux permet l'investigation d'applications pratiques
variées. Dans ce travail, nous développons des modèles fondamentaux
d'évaporation en milieu poreux que nous appliquons ensuite au
séchage en lit fluidisé de deux matériaux granulaires poreux :le
PVC et la levure.
Les modèles mis au point sont réalisés suivant une approche
multiéchelle. Nous nous intéressons tout d'abord aux phénomènes se
déroulant à l'échelle d'un pore. Les modèles développés à cette
échelle sont ensuite exploités dans le cadre d'une étude à l'échelle
d'un grain poreux. Le couplage des modèles de grain avec un modèle à
l'échelle du réacteur permet alors l'étude des applications
industrielles.
A l'échelle du pore, nous étudions les phénomènes de transport dans
un capillaire initialement rempli de liquide qui s'évapore vers
l'atmosphère ambiante. L'objectif est de prédire le taux
d'évaporation dans cette configuration. Nous nous intéressons
successivement à la modélisation du transport de matière par
convection-diffusion en phase gazeuse et la modélisation de l'impact
de films liquides adsorbés à la paroi du capillaire sur le transport
de matière. Ces deux modèles sont confrontés à des expériences
d'évaporation en capillaires cylindriques visualisées à l'aide de
deux dispositifs optiques. Le premier offre un suivi d'ensemble au
cours du temps du capillaire, alors que le second, un interféromètre
de Mach-Zehnder, permet une visualisation locale de la région
entourant le ménisque.
Le modèle portant sur le transport de matière par
convection-diffusion mène à la définition d'un critère non
dimensionnel permettant d'évaluer si la convection dans la phase
gazeuse dans le capillaire doit être prise en compte pour évaluer le
taux d'évaporation. Le modèle de film permet de prédire l'impact de
celui-ci sur l'évaporation en présence d'un gaz inerte lorsque les
mouvements convectifs en phase gazeuse sont négligeables. La
confrontation de ce modèle avec les profils d'épaisseur des films
obtenus à l'aide de interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder ne permet pas de
valider le modèle, et ce, suite à une trop grande incertitude sur
l'évaluation des interactions entre la paroi et le liquide.
A l'échelle d'un grain, nous développons un modèle discret par
réseau de pores et deux modèles continus pour tenter de prédire le
taux d'évaporation et la distribution des phases dans le milieu
poreux. Le modèle par réseau de pores prend en compte les transports
de matière par diffusion en phase gazeuse, par convection dans les
pores remplis de liquide et par convection dans les films liquides.
Les effets visqueux en phase liquide sont également modelisés. Pour
la prise en compte de ces derniers, nous montrons l'importance de
l'usage d'un algorithme approprié. Nous évaluons ensuite au travers
de trois nombres sans dimensions l'impact du transport par film et
des effets visqueux sur l'évaporation et la distribution des phases.
Cette analyse dimensionnelle est ensuite appliquée à l'étude de
réseaux de pores pour lesquels la section des liaisons les
constituant est idéalisée par des polygones réguliers. Pour les
modèles continus après une vérification simplifiée de
l'applicabilité de cette démarche, nous développons deux modèles
simples. Dans les deux modèles, l'étape de séchage à vitesse
constante est supposée limitée par le transport de matière externe
au grain. Le premier modèle, dit à front pénétrant, suppose que
l'étape de séchage à vitesse décroissante correspond à l'existence
d'un front d'évaporation qui s'enfonce dans la matrice poreuse. Le
second modèle, dit à surface d'échange variable, attribue cette même
étape du séchage à une diminution progressive de la surface
d'évaporation en surface du grain.
A l'échelle du réacteur, nous présentons deux modèles visant à
simuler deux types d'essais différents :le séchage en lit fluidisé
et la thermogravimétrie analytique. Ces deux modèles sont couplés
aux différents modèles à l'échelle de grain pour étudier le séchage
de PVC et de levure tant en lit fluidisé que lors des essais de
thermogravimétrie analytique.
Dans le cas du PVC, le modèle par réseau de pores ne peut pas être
appliqué de par la nécessité d'une trop grande puissance de calcul.
Au niveau des modèles continus, nous montrons que l'application du
modèle à surface d'échange variable permet de reproduire les courbes
de séchage expérimentales des essais en lit fluidisé.
Dans le cas de la levure, nous appliquons le modèle par réseau de
pores et le modèle à front pénétrant. L'utilisation du modèle par
réseau de pores nécessite une connaissance plus détaillée de la
structure poreuse des grains. Le traitement d'une analyse par
microtomographie nous permet d'obtenir un réseau de pores
expérimental. Celui-ci est utilisé pour montrer que la méthode de
caractérisation de la porosité par intrusion de mercure ne semble
pas adaptée à un matériau deformable comme la levure. Le même réseau
est utilisé pour simuler le séchage de grains de levure à l'aide du
modèle par réseau de pores. Les simulations sont réalisées sur des
réseaux équivalents à des coupes dans le solide. Le modèle par
réseau de pores et le modèle à front pénétrant permettent tous deux
de modéliser correctement le séchage de levure en lit fluidisé
moyennant l'ajustement de leurs paramètres ajustables,
respectivement la conductibilité des films liquide et la tortuosité.
Pour l'essai de thermogravimétrie, ils ne parviennent à approcher
que la première étape de celui-ci. Les avantages, défauts et
complémentarités de ces deux modèles sont discutés.
Nous évaluons ensuite l'impact du rétrécissement de la levure et des
types d'eau sur le séchage de ce matériau. Le rétrécissement est,
pour ce faire, mesuré à l'aide d'un stéréomicroscope. Ces premières
mesures, exploratoires, mènent à la définition d'un modèle empirique
de retrait du solide au cours de son séchage. En le prenant en
compte dans les modèles déjà appliqués à la levure, nous montrons
que le retrait a un impact significatif sur l'étape de séchage à
vitesse décroissante. Cet impact
peut cependant être masqué intégralement par la réévaluation
des paramètres ajustables des différents modèles. Finalement,
l'étude des types d'eau au travers d'un modèle simple appliqué à
l'essai de thermogravimétrie analytique montre que les types d'eau
ne doivent pas être pris en compte pour modéliser le séchage de
levure.
A l'issue de ce travail, nous disposons donc de modèles fondamentaux
d'évaporation en milieu poreux. Ceux-ci peuvent être appliqués à des
cas d'intérêt industriel, comme nous le réalisons pour le PVC et la
levure. Ils peuvent servir à améliorer la
compréhension de ces procédés. Ils représentent donc des
outils de choix pour la conception, le dimensionnement et
l'optimisation du séchage.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vogel, Laure. "Influence de l'hétérogénéité physique des microenvironnements du sol sur les transformations microbiennes du carbone : exploration à l'aide d'un modèle de Boltzmann sur réseau." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0061.
Повний текст джерелаHeterotrophic microorganisms control soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and may thus have a key importance in climate regulation. Heterogeneous abiotic conditions in soil microenvironments are thought to affect soil decomposers activity by controlling nutrient accessibility through solute transport (diffusion, advection) and sorption processes. Microhabitat – or pore – scale thus appears relevant to study biodegradation processes, but is also challenging to investigate by experimental means.A discrete model was created to explore the effect of abiotic conditions in soil microenvironments on biodegradation kinetics. It results from the coupling of a zero-dimensional soil carbon model and a lattice Boltzmann model (TRT-LBM [Ginzburg, 2005]). It simulates diffusion and biodegradation at the pore scale, as affected by explicitly described structural factors, such as the 3D pore architecture (approximated by discrete images), water distribution under unsaturated conditions and the spatial arrangement of substrates and decomposers – viewed here as immobile bacteria. The model was tested in a range of scenarios depicting contrasted abiotic conditions. The variability in biodegradation kinetics was analyzed to infer the contributions of physical factors. This source of variability was compared to uncertainties associated to biological metabolism description. Finally, experiments manipulating structural factors were performed to confront observed and simulated trends
Ledezma, Lopez Gabriel Alejandro. "Suitable representations of gamma alumina porous structures by computational modeling." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789640.
Повний текст джерелаPorous materials are widely used in chemical engineering. At the mesoporous scale, confinement effects influence the thermodynamic of the system and the transport conditions. Indeed, the architecture of the pore network is the origin of mass transfer limitations within disordered porous materials. Therefore, it is important to understand not just the textural properties of the solid but also its pore network characteristics. Gamma-alumina is a disordered porous material with an elevated tortuosity very often used in the oil refining and petrochemistry, whose topology is not yet fully understood (1, 43, 44). Recent research articles propose that this material has different pore domains, each one characterized by its own pore size distribution and void fraction (45). The interplay among these different levels clearly plays a role in effective diffusion. This work intends to better understand the textural and topological descriptors of gamma alumina by creating a digital representation of it. The catalyst is represented using a pore network model. The pore network representation is then characterized using originally developed computational equivalents of textural and mass transfer characterization techniques. The experimental validation was done through the generation of digital twins for real gamma alumina samples. Using diffusion simulations on the pore network model fitted to the nitrogen sorption curves, a tortuosity factor was predicted that differs by less than 20% from the tortuosity factor measured by PFG-NMR. This illustrates how a digital twin allows to provide a reasonable estimate for the tortuosity factor from readily available nitrogen porosity experiments. The research work in this thesis is the start of the path to ultimate goal of improving the catalytic performance of disordered porous catalyst by the digital optimal design of the material architecture. At the same time, the accuracy of the models used to design and evaluate heterogeneous reactor performance will be improved
Mottet, Laetitia. "Simulations of heat and mass transfer within the capillary evaporator of a two-phase loop." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermal control of electronic devices embedded in spacecraft is often carried out by capillary twophase loop systems (Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) or Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL)). This thesis focuses on the LHP evaporators. They mostly consist of a metallic casing, a porous wick and vapour grooves. The porous medium is initially saturated with liquid. The heat load is applied at the external surface of the casing inducing the vaporisation of the liquid within the wick. The vapour is then evacuated thanks to the vapour grooves. A unit cell of the evaporator is studied and corresponds to our computational domain. A so-called 3D mixed pore network model has been developed in order to study the heat and mass transfers. Pressure and temperature fields are computed from macroscopic equations, while the capillarity is managed using the classical pore network approach. The main advantage of such formulation is to obtain the liquid-vapour phase distribution within the porous medium pore space. The work highlights that a two-phase zone (characterized by the coexistence of the liquid and the vapour) exists for a large range of fluxes when vaporisation takes place within the capillary structure. This twophase zone is located right under the casing and is positively correlated with the best evaporator thermal performances. This result differs from the often made assumption of a dry region under the casing. Three different groove locations are tested. This investigation highlights that evaporator thermal performances are the best over a large range of fluxes for grooves manufactured at the external surface of the wick. In complement, a parametric study is performed to highlight parameters which impact positively the evaporator thermal performances. Finally, a biporous/bidispersed wick, i.e. a wick with a bimodal pore/throat size distribution, is studied. The liquidvapour phase distribution within the capillary structure is different from the one for a monoporous structure due to preferential vapour paths created by the large throats and pores-network. Moreover, the thermal analysis shows that such a porous medium permits to reduce considerably the evaporator wall temperature and to increase the evaporator thermal performances. A second model is developed based on a continuum approach. This method uses the IMPES (IMplicit Pressure Explicit Saturation) algorithm coupled with the heat transfer with phase change. Results are in good agreement with those predicted by the mixed pore network model. The continuum model, requiring less computing time, should allow considering larger sub domains of the evaporator
Vorhauer, Nicole. "Experiment based development of a non-isothermal pore network model with secondary capillary invasion." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0082/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, PN simulations of drying are compared with experimentally obtained data fromdrying of a representative 2D microfluidic network in SiO2 under varying thermal conditions withthe aim to identify governing physical pore scale effects. Gravity and viscous effects aredisregarded in this thesis. Instead drying with slight local temperature variation and drying withimposed thermal gradients are studied. Based on this investigation, a powerful non-isothermalPNM is developed. This model incorporates i) the phenomena associated with the temperaturedependency of pore scale invasion, namely thermally affected capillary invasion and vapor flow aswell as ii) the secondary effects induced by wetting liquid films of different morphology. This studyclearly evidences that the macroscopic drying behavior is fundamentally dictated by thetemperature gradient imposed on the PN and moreover by the secondary capillary invasion aswell. In agreement with literature, invasion patterns as in invasion percolation with progressiveevaporation of single clusters are observed in drying with negligible local temperature variation;gradients with temperature decreasing from the surface (negative temperature gradient) canstabilize the drying front, evolving between the invading gas phase and the receding liquid phase,whereas temperature increasing from the surface (positive temperature gradient) leads todestabilization of the liquid phase with early breakthrough of a gas branch and initiation of asecond invasion front migrating in opposite direction to the evaporation front receding from theopen surface of the PN. Special attention is paid on the distinct drying regimes found in thesituation of a positive gradient because they are associated with different pore scale invasionprocesses. More precisely, temperature dependency of surface tension dictates the order ofinvasion as long as the liquid phase is connected in a main liquid cluster (usually found during thefirst period of drying). In contrast to this, detailed study of the vapor transfer mechanismsemphasizes that vapor diffusion through the partially saturated region can control the pore leveldistributions of liquid and gas phase during the period of drying when the liquid phase isdisconnected into small clusters. This is also related to the cluster growth induced by partialcondensation of vapor. It is shown and discussed in detail in this thesis that this effect not onlydepends on direction and height of the temperature gradient for a given pore size distribution butthat moreover the overall evaporation rate influences the cluster growth mechanism. This indicatesthat liquid migration during drying of porous media might be controlled by the interplay of thermalgradients and drying rate. In summary, the study of thermally affected drying of the 2-dimensionalPN reveals complex pore scale mechanisms, usually also expected in drying of real porous media.This leads to the development of a strong mathematical pore scale model based on experimentalfindings. It is demonstrated how this model might be applied to understand and develop moderndrying processes based on the simulation of thermally affected pore scale mass transfer
Falaize, Antoine. "Modélisation, simulation, génération de code et correction de systèmes multi-physiques audios : approche par réseau de composants et formulation Hamiltonienne à Ports." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066544/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe class of audio systems includes traditional musical instruments (percussion, string, wind, brass, voice) and electro-acoustic systems (guitar amplifiers, analog audio processing, synthesizers). These multi-physical systems have a common property: out of excitation sources (generators), they are all passive. We present a set of automatic methods dedicated to their modeling, simulation and control, which explicitly guarantee and exploit the passivity of the original system. This class of systems is that of port-Hamiltonian systems (PHS), introduced in system theory in the early 1990s. Regarding the models, we exploit the fact that the interconnection of systems described in this formalism explicitly preserves the dynamics of total dissipated power. This enabled the development of an automated method that builds models of complete instruments based on a dictionary of elementary models. Regarding the simulations, we developed a numerical method that preserves the passive structure of PHS in discrete-time domain. This ensures the stability of simulations (for which the C++ code is automatically generated). Regarding the control, we exploit the interconnection structure to automatically build an input-to-output decoupled form for a class of PHS. Systems of this class are flat, within the meaning of the differential flatness approach. A formula that yields the (open loop) control law for these systems is provided
Agaesse, Tristan. "Simulations of one and two-phase flows in porous microstructures, from tomographic images of gas diffusion layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17789/1/Agaesse.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMeddah, Mohammed Seddik. "Contractions volumétriques des bétons aux ajouts cimentaires influence des caractéristiques du réseau de pores." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1813.
Повний текст джерелаKovacs, Yves. "Modèles de simulation d'écoulement transitoire en réseau d'assainissement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520785.
Повний текст джерелаAracena, Julio. "Modèles mathématiques discrets associées à des systèmes biologiques : applications aux réseaux de régulation génétique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE1A004.
Повний текст джерелаRuiz, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude des transitions de phases de modèles sur réseau : modèles à symétrie continue et modèles de Potts." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22020.
Повний текст джерелаTabue, Alain. "Modèles de comportement dynamique des charges dans un réseau électrique." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090040.
Повний текст джерелаPham, Tuan Minh. "Modélisation et analyse de la distribution de contenus dans un réseau DTN." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066554.
Повний текст джерелаAsgari, Jamal. "Etude de modèles prédictifs dans un réseau de stations GPS permanentes." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2005. https://hal.science/tel-02071417.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis consists of two parts with various objectives. The motivations of the first part of the study are : investigation of the GPS spatial and temporal error models, and study of their validity, emphasizing on the network real time applications and the non-differential processing. In the second part we studied the theory of non-differential positioning and we developed a non-differential GPS processing software in the MATLAB IDE. In this study, we investigated the multi-reference use of the network with establishment of interpolation models of the various errors affecting GPS measurements. Filtering and adjustment methods like Kalman filter, collocation, and kriging are studied. The Least Squares Spectral (LSSA) is applied to a 4 years series of TEC values. These analyses show that the data spectrum contains 1 day, 12 hours and 8 hours periods. The validity of several ionospheric models is studied, by examining their effectiveness for real data. Moreover we present a new computation method of ionospheric grids for the prediction of TEC values. The predicted grids could be diffused by Internet and be used in single frequency applications. The numerical tests of interpolation via collocation and kriging were performed for the residual part of the tropospheric delay. The interpolation of other errors may be done in a similar manner. GPSS is a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) software which uses raw data in RINEX format and precise ephemeris. It includes additional visualizations and data quality controls tools
Vu, Thanh Tung. "Modèles spatiaux pour la planification cellulaire." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0043/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, cellular technology is almost everywhere. It has had an explosive success over the last two decades and the volume of traffic will still increase in the near future. For this reason, it is also regarded as one cause of worldwide energy consumption, with high impact on carbon dioxide emission. On the other hand, new mathematical tools have enabled theconception of new models for cellular networks: one of these tools is stochastic geometry, or more particularly spatial Poisson point process. In the last decade, researchers have successfully used stochastic geometry to quantify outage probability, throughput or coverage of cellular networks by treating deployment of mobile stations or (and) base stations as Poisson point processes on a plane. These results also take into account to impact of mobility on the performance of such networks. In this thesis, we apply the theory of Poisson point process to solve some problems of cellular networks, in particular we analyze the energy consumption of cellular networks. This thesis has two main parts. The first part deals with some dimensioning and coverage problems in cellular network. We uses stochastic analysis to provide bounds for theoverload probability of OFDMA systems thanks to concentration inequalities and we apply it to solve a dimensioning problem. We also compute the outage probability and handover probability of a typical user. The second part is dedicated to introduce different models for energy consumption of cellular networks. In the first model, the initial location of users form a \PPP\ and each user is associated with an ON-OFF process of activity. In the second model, arrival of users forms a time-space \PPP. We also study the impact of mobility of users by assuming that users randomly move during its sojourn. We focus on the distribution of consumed energy by a base station. This consumed energy is divided into the additive part and the broadcast part. We obtain analytical expressions for the moments of the additive part as well as the mean and variance of the consumed energy. We are able to find an error bound for Gaussian approximation of the additive part. We prove that the mobility of users has a positive impact on the energy consumption. It does not increase or decrease the consumed energy in average but reduces its variance to zero in high mobility regime. We also characterize the convergent rate in function of user's speed
Boutanquoi, Benjamin. "Modèles connexionnistes du lexique : le problème de la relation." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112227.
Повний текст джерелаOn the basis of the definition of the cognitivism one observes that it poses two assumptions (the separation of the levels physical and informational; the assignment of the cognitive microstates to symbols) leading to two types of problems: the interpretation of the cognitive states; the dissociation of the two levels does not correspond to the neuropsychological observations. We thus think that connectionist models are an alternative to the logico-symbolic ones. From the physiological description of nervous operation we establish a simplified mathematical model applied to the word -document relation problem. This one is made of units inhibiting one the other forming a competitive map whose main property is to increase the signal to noise ratio. The inter-map communication is modelled by a kinetic process of production -binding allowing signal recoding in case of case of error. The training is modelled by a hebbian adaptation tending to reinforce the activation's correlations. We then test two types of networks: one with two connected map in recurring ways; an bother where a third map is placed between the two first. The first network can point out the word (resp. The document) when one presents only the document (resp. The word) associated; the second show that units of the intermediate map answer in a preferential way a word or a document by reproducing word -document associations. Whereas in the model with two maps it is necessary to present the word or the document to evoke an answer, only the excitation of a unit of the intermediate map allows its evocation
Pham, Thanh Hung. "Commande optimale sous contraintes pour micro-réseaux en courant continu." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT086/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe goals of this thesis is to propose modelling and control solutions for the optimal energy management of a DC microgrid under constraints. The studied microgrid system includes electrical storage units (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors), renewable sources (e.g., solar panels) and loads (e.g., an electro-mechanical elevator system). These interconnected components are linked to a three phase electrical grid through a DC bus and associated DC/AC converters. The optimal energy management is usually formulated as an optimal control problem which takes into account the system dynamics, cost, constraints and reference profiles.An optimal energy management for the microgrid is challenging with respect to classical control theories. Needless to say, a DC microgrid is a complex system due to its heterogeneity, distributed nature (both spatial and in sampling time), nonlinearity of dynamics, multi-physic characteristics, the presence of constraints and uncertainties. Moreover, the power-preserving structure and the energy conservation of a microgrid are essential for ensuring a reliable operation.This challenges are tackled through the combined use of port-Hamiltonian formulations, differential flatness, and economic Model Predictive Control.The Port-Hamiltonian formalism allows to explicitly describe the power-preserving structure and the energy conservation of the microgrid and to connect different components of different physical natures through the same formalism. The strongly non-linear system is then translated into a flat representation. Taking into account differential flatness properties, reference profiles are generated such that the dissipated energy and various physical constraints are taken into account. Lastly, we minimize the purchasing/selling electricity cost within the microgrid using the economic Model Predictive Control with the Port-Hamiltonian formalism on graphs.The proposed control designs are validated through simulation results
Vignaud, Yvon. "Interfaces rigides des modèles sur réseau : une application de la positivité par réflexion." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265658.
Повний текст джерелаPour chacun de ces modèles, nous imposons des conditions au bord spécifiques qui assurent l'existence d'une interface ; les mesures de Gibbs associées à de telles conditions au bord satisfont alors de puissantes inégalités de corrélation. Ces inégalités nous permettent de montrer que les interfaces considérées sont rigides, au sens où ce sont des hyperplans légèrement déformés par des aspérités locales. Cette méthode est une version restreinte de la méthode de positivité par réflexion, l'une des directions de réflexion étant prohibée par les conditions au bord choisies.
Pour Ising et Potts, notre méthode simplifie considérablement les démonstrations historiques, puisque ni la théorie de Pirogov-Sinai, ni les développements en amas ne sont nécessaires à son application. Par ailleurs, la théorie-PS n'est directement envisageable ni pour le modèle continu ni son approximation car leurs états fondamentaux sont infiniment dégénérés; notre méthode est donc une réelle alternative à ces techniques.
Tekitek, Mohamed Mahdi. "Identification de modèles et de paramètres pour la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207541.
Повний текст джерелаLa première partie introduit et analyse la méthode.
La deuxième partie décrit une approche variationnelle pour l'assimilation de paramètres relatifs à la méthode du gaz de Boltzmann sur réseau. Une méthode adjointe discrète en temps est développée. L'algorithme est d'abord testé sur un écoulement de type Poiseuille linéaire (problème de Stokes), puis il est appliqué à un problème non linéaire. Des résultats encourageants sont obtenus pour un et deux paramètres inconnus.
Finalement la troisième partie décrit une adaptation des couches absorbantes de Bérenger. Il en résulte un modèle d'automate de Boltzmann à neuf vitesses discrètes. Une analyse des ondes réfléchies est ensuite réalisée entre deux milieux de Boltzmann à une dimension, ce qui permet d'obtenir un équivalent des formules de Fresnel pour les schémas de Boltzmann et de proposer des modifications du schéma à l'interface pour annuler les ondes réfléchies. En deux dimensions, la même analyse d'ondes réfléchies met en évidence l'apparition de modes de Knudsen et des ondes transverses qui rendent l'analyse complexe.
Vignaud, Yvon [Charlie]. "Interfaces rigides des modèles sur réseau : une application de la positivité par réflexion." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22019.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe study interfaces for four spin models on the lattice Zd, d ≥ 3: the Ising model at low temperature, the Potts model at critical point, a continuous symmetry model and its associated clock approximation. Interfaces of the last two models were not previously dealt with. For each model, we use specific boundary conditions that force the existence of an interface; related Gibbs measures then satisfy the so-called chessboard estimates, which are powerful correlation inequalities. These estimates are a simple way of showing that such interfaces are rigid, in the sense that they deviate only locally from a perfect hyperplane. This method is a restricted version of the so-called reflection positivity method, since reflections in certain directions are forbidden by the chosen boundary conditions. In the case of Ising and Potts models, our method drastically simplifies historical proofs respectively devised by Dobrushin and Messager et al. , since its requires neither Pirogov-Sina˘ı theory nor cluster expansions. Besides, PS-theory is not directly available for the continuous model and its clock approximation, their ground states being infinitely degenerated; our method is thus a true alternative to such techniques
Tekitek, Mohamed-Mahdi. "Identification de modèles et de paramètres pour la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Paris 11, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207541.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is composed of three parts. Firstly a study of Lattice Boltzmann scheme (LBE) is performed. Then Adjoint Lattice Boltzmann scheme (ALBE) is introduced for parameters identification. Finally a new Lattice Boltzmann scheme (BRB) is proposed to modelise B\'erenger's Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) method. The first part introduces and analyzes the LBE method. The second part describes a variational approach for parameters identification adapted to LBE. A time discrete adjoint method is developed. At first the ALBE method is applied to Stokes' problem and then to a nonlinear problem. Good results have been obtained in the cases of one or tow unknown parameters. Finally the third part describes an adaptation of PML for LBE. The LB scheme is obtained with 9 discretes velocities. An analysis of reflected waves between two one dimensional LB media is performed. It provides us an equivalent for the Fresnel formula for LBE interface. That gives us same ideas to modify the LB scheme at the interface to vanish reflected waves. In the two dimensional case, the same analysis of reflected waves shows the existence of Knudsen modes and transverse waves, which make the analysis more difficult
Yonaba, Harouna. "Modélisation hydrologique hybride : réseau de neurones - modèle conceptuel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26583/26583.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVieira, Gilles. "Etude de la diversité métabolique dans l'espèce Escherichia coli : a l'aide de réseaux et de modèles du métabolisme à l'échelle de l'organisme." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetabolic differences in microorganisms can be focused on the variations in metabolic capacities. This analysis is at genome scale, and provides a global view of the organism’s growth capacities under various conditions. In this project, we propose a new strategy to reconstruct metabolic networks and models at genome scale. Our strategy can be applied to any number of organisms as long as they are members of the same species and a curated metabolic network for one of the strains of this species is already reconstructed. The keystone of the strategy is the automatic utilization and propagation of both specific knowledge of the species and general knowledge in metabolic databases. This strategy was applied, to study the metabolic network of 23 strains of Escherichia coli and 6 of Shigella. Next, we have converted these networks into metabolic models to explore the metabolic capacities of these organisms. We compared the growth predictions of the models to experimental growth observations and also to the reference model. Finally, the studies carried out for this thesis consist of a new strategy, which allows the reconstruction of metabolic networks and models at cell scale. The models give us the opportunity to study the link between evolution, genomes and metabolic capacities of these organisms
Ruiz, Pinales José. "Reconnaissance hors-ligne de l'écriture cursive par l'utilisation de modèles perceptifs et neuronaux." Paris, ENST, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENST0028.
Повний текст джерелаBerdai, Abdelhamid. "Modélisation et simulation d'un réseau de transport public par une approche multi-agents." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2035.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the modelling and the simulation of bus transportation networks. The proposed approach is the design of a model based on multi-agents paradigm, which takes into account risks affecting the transportation network. These risks can changed according to several temporal or space variations. In order to analyze an urban public transportation system, a model based on multi-agents approach is elaborated. First, we determine the structure of transportations system as being as hierarchical organisations. Such a structure includes roles and their interactions. Then, we define a set of agents and we assign roles for each one. Interactions between agents are modelled by the interaction diagram. To simulate this model, the agent behaviour specification is necessary. The design process of transportation simulator allows us to describe the behaviour of each agent with the statechart formalism and thus we define a set of rules, which simplifies the behavioural agent model. The last step is to implement the simulator from models specified previously. We implement a human-machine interface, its configuration, and its parameter setting. Finally, we evaluate some parameters of transport quality of service by taking account risks which perturb the bus network
Guillot, Geneviève. "Transport de macromolécules en solution à travers des membranes poreuses modèles." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112297.
Повний текст джерелаAn experimental study of the transport of solutions of flexible polymer chains through membranes with fine pores is presented in this work, for pores and polymers of comparable sizes. Membranes have been prepared by heavy ion irradiation of polycarbonate films, followed by chemical etching which reveals the irradiation latent tracks into cylindrical pores spanning the film (5 to 100 microns). The pore radius has been controlled by direct observation under a scanning electron microscope, and by conductivity and permeability measurements. The diffusion of large polystyrene chains (weights larger than one million) dissolved in ethyl acetate has been followed across these membranes, by measuring the solution concentrations by absorption spectroscopy. For dilute solutions, the measured diffusion coefficient can be described by a hard sphere model. However chains of size larger than the pore size diffuse more rapidly than hard spheres, moreover their diffusion coefficient increases drastically with concentration. We attribute this acceleration to the increase of the partition coefficient between the inside and outside of the pore, due to the chain flexibility which allows the chains to elongate to enter the pore, and to the larger repulsion between chains at higher concentrations. This effect has also been observed with solutions of mixtures of large and small chains of the same chemical composition. Some preliminary results of filtration experiments are also reported, about the amount of transported polymer and about the evolution of the membrane permeability after filtration. They confirm model suggested by S. Daoudi and F. Brochard (1978) for chain transport by elongation under flow at the pore entrance
Carpentier, Guillaume. "La conception et la gestion d'un réseau de service ambulancier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24511/24511.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRusch, Philippe. "Modèles d'écoulement de globules rouges à travers un réseau capillaire : détection d'effets non linéaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13203.
Повний текст джерелаTanonkou, Guy Aimé. "Une approche par relaxation lagrangienne pour l'optimisation d'un réseau de distribution : modèles stochastiques et fiables." Metz, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2007/Tanonkou.Guy_Aime.SMZ0708.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the development of models and heuristic algorithms for stochastic distribution network design problems. In the first part, the core decision problem lies in optimally designing a distribution network by finding the optimal distribution centers (DCs) location and the best supplier that would replenish the DCs. The first objective of this project is to join strategics decisions (location of DCs and supplier selection) and operational decision (inventory) in the same optimization model. The goal is to minimize the total fixed location cost, transportation cost, working-inventory cost. The problem is difficult to solve since it integrates all these decisions at the same time with non linear cost function to optimize. We provide an efficient technique which reduces system complexity. The second part of this thesis deals with the design of a distribution network where decisions must be made in the presence of uncertainty. Once the facilities have been constructed in the network, one or more of them may from time to time become unavailable because of some risks. To cope with this uncertain environment, we develop strategic decisions that take into account possible scenarios and strategies need to react when risk events occur. A two-period stochastic programming model is proposed. The goal is to minimize the total first stage cost plus the expected value of the random second stage cost taken trough all scenarios. As solution technique, we propose a Monte Carlo optimization approach combining the sample average approximation scheme and an efficient heuristic based on Lagrangian relaxation to generate efficient solutions and determine tight lower bounds
Amoretti, René. "Modélisation et commande optimale d'un réseau de distribution d'eau potable : mise en oeuvre, test et étude des performances sur le réseau de Fium'Orbo." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30001.
Повний текст джерелаBrière, Matthieu. "Flot de conception hiérarchique d'un système hétérogène : Prototypage virtuel d'un réseau d'interconnexion optique intégré." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mbriere.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDue to ever-increasing integration density , systems on chip will soon be composed of several tens of IP blocks (processor cores, memory blocks, specific digital functions). Global communication throughput between these blocks will reach hundreds of gigabits per second. It will not be possible to achieve this troughput without moving away from traditional network architectures and traditional design methods. Integrated optics is a possible alternative which may overcome the physical limitations of traditional interconnect technology. This work aims to evaluate the achievable performance metrics (throughput, latency, power consumption) of an ONoC (Optical Network on Chip) and to compare it to those of a classical NoC
Pousse, Romain. "Caractérisation et modélisation du réseau viaire." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/Pousse_Romain_va2.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe city is a system composed of multiple structures, activities, spaces or networks in constant evolution. In view of its complexity, city as a whole is an hard study object. On the contrary, taking an interest in one of its components has been at the origin of many scientific studies from all horizons and all fields. In this work, we keep the same approach and we are interested of the road network and more particulary the space trace. We make hypothesis this network is a sensible indicator of the urban form whose we research to understand the logic development. Therefore, an graph representation of this network and an ways reconstruction (continuity between segments) have permitted the development of analysis tools by means of graphs theory indicators or statistical indicators. For this last category, we observe a log-normal distribution for the ways length in many cities (London, Paris, San Francisco). Using artificials models, our goal is to understand the development of this distribution depending to city data and understanding of this graph. We first research to better characterize the observed distributions and then to develop several processes depend characteristics established on this graph in order to find this statistic. We based in particular on the principles of ways creation on the division of parcels related to their sizes or their network position. We note that strong influence of topologique distance in the choice of parcels cuts to form an log-normal distirbution
Chomat, Nadège. "Conception d'un modèle de coordination adapté aux acteurs autonomes : application au réseau acentré de facturation entre compagnies aériennes." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10027.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research is to analyse the coordination links between autonomous agents, foremost the agent of coordination within an acentred network. The coordination model is making up of three different levels, namely the action system, the dialogue system and the training system. Model applied to the billing network between airline companies
Choungmo, Fofack Nicaise Éric. "Sur des modèles pour l'évaluation de performance des caches dans un réseau cœur et de la consommation d'énergie dans un réseau d'accès sans-fil." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968894.
Повний текст джерелаChoungmo, Fofack Nicaise Éric. "Sur des modèles pour l’évaluation de performance des caches dans un réseau cœur et de la consommation d’énergie dans un réseau d’accès sans-fil." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4006/document.
Повний текст джерелаInternet is a real ecosystem. It grows, evolves and adapts to the needs of users in terms of communication, connectivity and ubiquity of users. In the last decade, the communication paradigm has shifted from traditional host-to-host interactions to the recent host-to-content model; while various wireless and networking technologies (such as 3/4G smartphones and networks, online media streaming, social networks, clouds, Big-Data, information-centric networks) emerged to enhance content distribution. This development shed light on scalability and energy efficiency issues which can be formulated as follows. How can we design or optimize such large scale distributed systems in order to achieve and maintain high-speed access to contents while (i) reducing congestion and energy consumption in the network and (ii) adapting to the temporal locality of users demand in a continuous connectivity paradigm? In this thesis we focus on two solutions proposed to answer this question: In-network caching and Power save protocols for scalability and energy efficiency issues respectively. Precisely, we propose analytic models for designing core cache networks and modeling energy consumption in wireless access networks. Our studies show that the prediction of the performance of general core cache networks in real application cases can be done with absolute relative errors of order of 1%–5%; meanwhile, dramatic energy save can be achieved by mobile devices and base stations, e.g., as much as 70%–90% of the energy cost in cells with realistic traffic load and the considered parameter settings
Marcou, Olivier. "Modélisation et contrôle d’écoulements à surface libre par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1001.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work considers the general problem of modelling and simulation of complex systems and deals with the domain of control and management of water resources. We propose here an original approach based on Lattice Boltzmann models (LB) for modelling free surface flows in irrigation canals, usually described with the non-linear shallow water equations. We adapted a bi-fluid model and studied the boundary conditions which allow to reproduce the geometry of a free-surface irrigation canal. Methods for estimating the desired hydraulic quantities were developed. We studied the behavior of submerged underflow gates, and we show that the model is able to spontaneously and correctly describe how the gates function in quite different situations. Validations were realized by comparing results from simulations and experimentations performed on a laboratory micro-canal facility. We also introduced sedimentation phenomena in the model and studied the influence of a sedimentation deposit on the flow. Comparisons between experimental and simulation results were also performed and converged
Mariani, Guilherme Bueno. "Machine synchrone à réluctance : modèles équivalents à réseau de réluctances pour la simulation et l’optimisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT021/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims the electromagnetic modeling of synchronous reluctance machines, with a final goal: to obtain a fast and sufficiently accurate model, able to calculate the torque ripple and to be used for optimal machine design and also capable to be coupled to circuit software to test control techniques.A MEC (magnetic equivalent circuit) model was created step-by-step and validated at each step. Final model of the air-gap is based on a function (Fermi-Dirac integral), which has been completely parameterized by machine dimensions. This model of the machine is driven by current; afterwards it was coupled with an electric circuit thanks to a voltage-current transformation interface. The optimizations made with the model allowed to highlight some deficiencies in the initial dimensional constraints. After corrections the model could be efficiently used in an optimization process
Gallois, Passat Isabelle. "Analyse de modèles d'évolution sur un réseau, cas d'un système épidémique avec diffusion non locale." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0786.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to the mathematic analysis of time-dependent models on complex networks. There are three chapters. The first two chapters concern a model for the spread of epidemics on networks while the third chapter concerns Price equation, which arises as a model for the growth of complex networks.Most part of this thesis is concentrated in the first two chapters, in which we propose and analyze a SIS-type epidemic model with nonlocal diffusion. This model is derived from a discrete model, by considering here the degree as a continuous variable taking nonnegative values. Hence the network is described by the degree distribution of its nodes, where the epidemic transmission takes place. Migration occurs along the edges of the network and corresponds to nonlocal diffusion. The evolution system for the density of susceptible and infected individuals reads as a coupled system of nonlinear equations with nonlocal terms, which are given by the mean values of these densities on the network. We provide the analysis of this time-dependent system, distinguishing the cases of limited transmision (chapter 1) and illimited transmission (chapter 2).We first rigorously prove the existence of a unique solution to the system, either locally or globally in time, using a fixed point method. Next we establish necessary and sufficient threshold conditions for the existence of an endemic equilibrium. We then investigate the linear stability of both the disease-free and the endemic equilibrium and compare our results to the ones obtained for the discrete system. In the case of equal diffusivities and illimited transmission, we reduce the system to a Fisher-type equation with nonlocal diffusion, for which we prove a comparison principle. This allows us to study the large-time asymptotics of the solution for arbitrary initial data.The last chapter deals with Price equation, which is a model for the growth of networks. The model reads as a discrete recursive equation that provides the time-evolution of the probability distribution of the degrees in a growing network. We show rigorously that the solution converges to a stationary state exhibiting a power-law tail, whose exponent is explicitly given
Moreno, Flores Gregorio. "Modèles de polymères dirigés en milieux aléatoires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489557.
Повний текст джерелаMartine, Thomas. "Les modèles de régulation hybrides des wikis d'entreprise : le cas de l'Andra." Phd thesis, Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0021.
Повний текст джерелаThe success of Wikipedia has inspired many experiments. Software solutions, similar to the one which Wikipedia is based on, have been installed in diverse companies so as to facilitate collaborative work. While being moved into the company, Wikipedia’s regulation principles have been modified so as to meet the ones of the company. This thesis asks three questions: 1) what is the hybrid regulation model of corporate wikis? 2) Why doesn’t it manage to work? 3) Why are wikis nevertheless still being used in the companies? In order to answer these questions, it relates the hybrid model of document space which has been designed and tested within the research partnership between the University of Technology of Troyes and the National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management (Andra). This model is based on two levels of regulation: (i) a regulation by task predefinition, inspired by Andra’s process, (ii) a regulation by discussion, inspired by Wikipedia’s one. This model, however, doesn’t manage to work for the regulation by discussion is incompatible with Andra’s organization principle that consists in maximizing the time that each agent spends on fulfilling individual tasks. This failure, however, doesn’t lead to abandon the wiki for the hypertext structure of the wiki enables the users to facilitate the navigation within document collections. The thesis ends with a discussion of the representativeness of the case studied
Adnan, Muhammad. "Analyse pire cas exact du réseau AFDX." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0146/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to provide methodologies for finding exact worst case end to end communication delays of AFDX network. Presently, only pessimistic upper bounds of these delays can be calculated by using Network Calculus and Trajectory approach. To achieve this goal, different existing tools and approaches have been analyzed in the context of this thesis. Based on this analysis, it is deemed necessary to develop new approaches and algorithms. First, Model checking with existing well established real time model checking tools are explored, using timed automata. Then, exhaustive simulation technique is used with newly developed algorithms and their software implementation in order to find exact worst case communication delays of AFDX network. All this research work has been applied on real life implementation of AFDX network, allowing us to validate our research work on industrial scale configuration of AFDX network such as used on Airbus A380 aircraft
Tran, Anh Tuan. "Modélisation de la propagation des signaux HF dans le réseau d'énergie électrique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/atran.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns the study of the propagation of the signal of power line communication (PLC) in the distribution power network. In order to simulate the phenomena, the HF models of the elements were elaborated, mainly for transformer MV/LV. After a bibliographical study of the models of the HF transformer, we carried out many external measurements on two real transformers 20/0. 4kV of medium power in order to obtain their impedances of transfer in the range 100Hz - 10MHz. Equivalent circuits wera proposed, one in MF and another in HF. Measurements and the necessary methods to determine the characteristics of transfer of signals MF-HF through the transformer were synthesized and presented. Then, the models HF of the other principal elements met in the distribution network are analyzed. Finally, we implemented the models to simulate with EMTP the propagation of the signals HF in a real distribution network
Tay, Yong Haur. "Reconnaissance de l'écriture manuscrite hors-ligne par réseau de neurones artificiels et modèles de Markov cachés." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2106.
Повний текст джерелаWeisser, Marc-Antoine. "La qualité de service dans le réseau inter-domaine Internet : algorithmes et modélisation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0032.
Повний текст джерелаThe Internet is a network composed of more than 20,000 independant networks. The are inter-connectrd and built the inter-domain network. Packets passing through the network follow a path selected by BGP wich can be composed of many domains. No information concerning the qualité of the path is spread into the network. In this thesis, we study two approaches to introduce the quality of service into the inter-domain network. Each approach is built on the information collected by BGP, without lodification of the protocol. The proposed algorithms use a small quantity of information and we show that they are efficient. The first approach is a mechanism based on alert messages diffusion. It allows client domains to be aware when some of there provider domains are congested and to adapt their paths to avoid the congestion. The sedoncd approach is a multi-constraint path selection mechanism. It respects the limitations of the inter-domain network such as the opacity of domains. For both approaches we produice theoretical results on the complexity of the studied problems and simulations showing the efficient behaviour of our solutions. To built simulation models, we need topologies wich are representative ot hr inter-domain network and its hierarchical structure. Because a such generator did not exist, we write it (SHIIP software). We propose in this thesis two mechanisms to introducs the quality of service in the internet and a model of random topology representative of the hierarchical structure of the inter-domain network
El, Bouti Tamara. "Optimisation robuste et application à la reconstruction du réseau artériel humain." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS018V/document.
Повний текст джерелаCardiovascular diseases are currently the leading cause of mortality in developed countries, due to the constant increase in risk factors in the population. Several prospective and retrospective studies have shown that arterial stiffness is an important predictor factor of these diseases. Unfortunately, these parameters are difficult to measure experimentally. We propose a numerical approach to determine the arterial stiffness of an arterial network using a patient specificone-dimensional model of the temporal variation of the section and blood flow of the arteries. The proposed approach estimates the optimal parameters of the reduced model, including the arterial stiffness, using non-invasive measurements such MRI, echotracking and tonometry aplanation. Different optimization results applied on experimental cases will be presented. In order to determine the robustness of the model towards its parameters, an uncertainty analysis hasbeen also carried out to measure the contribution of the model input parameters, alone or by interaction with other inputs, to the variation of model output, here the arterial pulse pressure. This study has shown that the numerical pulse pressure is a reliable indicator that can help to diagnose arterial hypertension.We can then provide the practitioner a robust patient-specific tool allowing an early and reliable diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases based on a non-invasive exam