Дисертації з теми "Modèles de distribution d’allèles"
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Poncet, Bénédicte N. "Modèles de distribution d’allèles pour la détection de la variabilité génétique adaptative chez une espèce non modèle, Arabis alpina." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV034.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the molecular basis of adaptation is a major task in evolutionary biology. Local adaptation is the pattern of genotype distributions driven by the natural selection that tends to differentiate populations living in different environments. Genetically, local adaptation results in allele frequencies varying along selection gradients. Our objective is to infer the contribution of allele distribution models in the study of local adaptation through the case of the alpine plant Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) in the wild. First, a genome scan of 825 AFLP markers genotyped on 678 plants from 198 sites in French and Swiss Alps has been completed and has required the development of a semi-automatic method to select the markers. The effects of this selection on the estimation of genetic structure and variability have been explored. Second, ecologically relevant loci were identified as potentially submitted to selection. Their allele distributions are significantly correlated with environmental variables and topographical conditions. The confounding effects (admixture and isolation by distance) were assessed and discarded in our study case. Some ecologically relevant loci have been sequenced to identify candidate genes and genomic regions potentially selected using the synteny between the genomes of A. Alpina and the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, the correlative approach to detect selection was compared with more traditional approaches of population genomic. These results suggest that the allele distribution models are a first step before the relevant functional ecology studies to better understand the adaptation to different environmental conditions
Pham, Tuan Minh. "Modélisation et analyse de la distribution de contenus dans un réseau DTN." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066554.
Повний текст джерелаClévenot-Perronnin, Florence. "Modèles fluides pour l'analyse des systèmes de distribution de contenu." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362751.
Повний текст джерелаDans la première partie, nous développons un modèle stochastique fluide pour les systèmes de caches distribués. Les documents stockés sont modélisés par un fluide augmentant avec les requêtes insatisfaites. Nous appliquons ce modèle aux "clusters" de caches et à Squirrel, un système de cache pair-à-pair. Dans les deux cas notre modèle permet de calculer efficacement et avec précision la probabilité de hit, et de mettre en évidence les paramètres clés de ces systèmes. Nous proposons également une approximation multi classes pour modéliser la popularité des documents.
Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse nous étudions BitTorrent, un système d'échange de fichiers Pair-à-pair. Nous proposons un modèle fluide multi classes qui remplace les usagers par un fluide. Nous considérons deux classes d'usagers pour modéliser les différences de débits d'accès ou de qualité de service. Nous obtenons une formule close pour le temps de téléchargement dans chaque classe. Nous montrons également comment allouer la bande passante a chaque classe pour offrir un service différencié.
Bocquet, Aurélien. "Modèles de sécurité réalistes pour la distribution quantique de clés." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00784705.
Повний текст джерелаMastio, Matthieu. "Modèles de distribution pour la simulation de trafic multi-agent." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1147/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, analysis and prediction of transport network behavior are crucial elements for the implementation of territorial management policies. Computer simulation of road traffic is a powerful tool for testing management strategies before deploying them in an operational context. Simulation of city-wide traffic requires significant computing power exceeding the capacity of a single computer.This thesis studies the methods to perform large-scale multi-agent traffic simulations. We propose solutions allowing the distribution of such simulations on a large amount of computing cores.One of them distributes the agents directly on the available cores, while the second splits the environment on which the agents evolve. Graph partitioning methods are studied for this purpose, and we propose a partitioning procedure specially adapted to the multi-agent traffic simulation. A dynamic load balancing algorithm is also developed to optimize the performance of the microscopic simulation distribution.The proposed solutions have been tested on a real network representing the Paris-Saclay area.These solutions are generic and can be applied to most existing simulators.The results show that the distribution of the agents greatly improves the performance of the macroscopic simulation, whereas the environment distribution is more suited to microscopic simulation. Our load balancing algorithm also significantly improves the efficiency of the environment based distribution
Guibbaud-Seyte, Françoise. "Les modèles de distribution du revenu : application des modèles de C. Dagum aux distributions de salaires français." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10008.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we have analysed and developped models of income distribution using the process followed by economists since v. Pareto's precursory work. It enables us to account for the evolution of distributions and to find out the inequality between and whitin the income distributions. This models were used as theoretic support fort the working out of c. Dagum's models in 1973 : a threeparameter model (type one) and four-parameter models (types two and three). These constructions count a theoretic basis leading to a series of economic and statistical properties. We have applied them tothe french salary distributions for the years 1982 and 1987. The adjustement of the models parameters (more appropriate in 1982 than in 1987) show the inequality in matter of distributions. To finish, the results reveal a decreasing inequality on national and regional salary scale
Oulieu-Rouzaud, Séverine. "Économétrie des coûts de la distribution du courrier." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10065.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation realizes an econometric study of mail delivery from French data post offices. The purpose is to show microeconomics properties of production process in postal delivery network and to test empirically the hypothesis of natural monopoly. For these objectives several studies are made. The first one is about the construction of production frontiers using two methods: FDH (free disposal hull) and DEA ( data envelopment analysis). These methods describe a convex production set and are not really suited to a concave situation. In the second study, the econometric methodology is specified as a semi-parametric partial index model which is estimated by kernel smoothing. This model explains the delivery cost by an output vector and several post offices geographical characteristics. This specification allows to obtain total, mean and marginal cost function estimates. Moreover, various measures of scale elasticity are implemented. The existence of important returns to scale is not rejected. Finally, the last study provides a definition of sub-additivity of the conditional ex, pectation, equivalent to the classical definition. A test of this property is constructed, without the estimation of the regression function. The implementation of this test to the postal delivery network results in the acceptation of a natural monopoly hypothesis
El, Abdi Fouad. "Méthodes de géométrie différentielle dans les modèles statistiques et applications : modèles exponentiels et modèles normaux multidimensionnels : reconstruction des densités de probabilité et des densités spectrales." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112253.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is a wide application of differential geometry methods to statistic. In chapter one we introduce the differential methods used in statistical models, essentially a Riemannian manifold structure with a pair of dual connexions with respect to particular metrics These methods have already been used by AMARI, CHENTSOV, EFRON, LAURITZEN In the two following chapters we study the projection estimators introduced by AMARI and LAURITZEN especially their asymptotic properties which in the case of exponential families have a geomeric expression So we have proved first that the first order efficiency means that the underlying Riemannian geometry is conformably equivalent to the Fisher one and then that the second order efficiency means a similar property for the underlying connexions. Note that almost all the usual estimators maximum of likelihood minimum of contrast belong to this class. The last part of this work is an application of the previous results 1- To multivariate normal model, especially to the non-linear multivariate normal regression 2-To reconstruction by projection of probability densities and spectrale densities in the case of Hilbertian manifolds
Gaudreau, Julie. "Pouvoir de marché dans la distribution de l'essence au Québec : analyse empirique du lien entre les marges de distribution et la concentration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24836/24836.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаParr, Bouberima Wafia. "Modèles de mélange de von Mises-Fisher." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987196.
Повний текст джерелаAraldi, Alessandro. "Distribution des commerces et forme urbaine : Modèles orientés-rue pour la Côte d'Azur." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2018.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral dissertation analyses and discusses the relationship between the spatial distribution of retail and urban form. More precisely, in this work, we focus on the spatial statistical relationships which occur between the localisation of small and average-sized stores and the physical properties of the urban form in the metropolitan area of the French Riviera. The underlying hypothesis of this research is that the physical characteristics of the built-up landscape might influence how humans perceive and use urban space, and, ultimately, how stores are distributed and organised within cities. In the last two decades, scholars have been increasingly investigating this relationship. Nonetheless, both retail and urban form characteristics are often reduced to the simple notions of store density and street-network configuration respectively. Several aspects, such as the retail morpho-functional agglomeration typology, the geometrical characteristics of the streetscape and the contextual influence of the urban fabric are traditionally excluded from these analyses. These aspects should be even more important when studying highly heterogeneous metropolitan areas like the French Riviera, a combination of differently-sized cities and paradigmatic morphological regions: medieval centres, modern and contemporary planned areas, and suburban sprawl. To overcome these limitations, computer-aided, theory-based protocols are accurately selected and developed in this dissertation, allowing for the extraction of quantitative measures of retail and urban form. In particular, starting from traditional theories of retail geography and urban morphology, two location-based network-constrained procedures are proposed and implemented, providing a fine-grained description of the urban and retail fabrics at the street-level. These methodologies are based on innovative combinations of geoprocessing and AI-based protocols (Bayesian Networks). The statistical relationship between retail and urban morphological descriptors isinvestigated through the implementation of several statistical regression models. The decomposition of the study area in morphological subregions both at the meso- and macroscale, combined with the implementation of penalised regression procedures, enables the identification of specific combinations of urban morphological characteristics and retail patterns. In the case of the French Riviera, the outcomes of these models confirm the statistical significance of the relationship between street-network configurational properties and retail distribution. Nevertheless, the role of specific streetscape morphometric variables is demonstrated to be also a relevant aspect of the urban form when investigating the retail distribution. Finally, the morphological context both at the meso- and macro- scale is demonstrated to be a key factor in explaining the distribution of retail within a large urban area
Wang, Qiang. "Identification et commande prédictive d'un canal de distribution de verre." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0011.
Повний текст джерелаEt, Tabii Mohamed. "Contributions aux descriptions optimales par modèles statistiques exponentiels." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES028.
Повний текст джерелаCarrié, François-Rémi. "Obturation de fuites à l'aide d’aérosols : : application à la réhabilitation des systèmes de distribution d'air." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0092.
Повний текст джерелаThe practical objective of this research is to reduce leakage in residential air-distribution systems, as earlier research proved that the energy savings potentials of sealing duct leaks is on the order of 20% of the furnace or air-conditioner energy use. The work presented herein consists m the development of an aerosol-based technique to overcome this problem. The second chapter of this thesis includes a literature review of the main phenomena encountered in the mechanics of aerosols. Then, we develop a mode! to predict aerosol penetration in an air-distribution network. The latter is based on the assumption that the system can be divided in elementary parts (straight tubes and bends) where the deposition efficiency may be determined. Thus, the relative quantity of deposited particles can be calculated for miscellaneous aerosol and air flow characteristics. It appears that 10 micron (or less) particles penetrate remarkably well in the network at reasonable air t1ow rates. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the study of particle deposition in leaks. Following a literature review of earlier investigations in this field, we focus our attention on particle suction in a two-dimensional slot since it presents similarities with our problem. It appears that an aerosol of 10 micron particles can plug significant openings (on the order of 1 mm) in conditions reproducible in situ. This result was validated with the experimental apparatus described in chapter V. The outcome of this research consists in the construction of a prototype field device that can reduce the leakiness of duct systems
Sohrabi, Helia. "Physical internet-enabled hyperconnected distribution assessment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26986.
Повний текст джерелаThe Physical Internet (PI) is an initiative that identifies several symptoms of logistics systems unsustainability and inefficiency and tackles them by proposing a novel paradigm called Hyperconnected Logistics. Similar to the Digital Internet, which connects thousands of personal and local computer networks, PI will connect the fragmented logistics systems of today. The main purpose is to enhance the performance of logistics systems from economic, environmental and social perspectives. Focusing specifically on the distribution system, this thesis questions the order of magnitude of the performance gain by exploiting the PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution. It is also concerned by the characterization of the hyperconnected distribution planning. To address the first question, an exploratory research approach based on optimization modeling is applied; first, the current and prospective distribution systems are modeled. Then, a set of realistic business samples are created, and their economic and environmental performance by targeting multiple social performances are assessed. A conceptual planning framework is proposed to support the decision making in the hyperconnected distribution system. Based on the results obtained by our investigation, it can be argued that a substantial gain can be achieved by shifting toward Hyperconnected Distribution. It is also revealed that the magnitude of the gain varies by business characteristics and the targeted social performance. Since the Physical Internet is a novel topic, chapter 1 briefly introduces PI and Hyperconnected Logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the research foundations, goal and methodology. It also describes the challenges of conducting this research and highlights the type of contributions aimed for. Chapter 3 presents the optimization models including a core distribution network design modeling approach. Influenced by the characteristics of the current and prospective distribution systems, three distribution system-driven models are developed. Chapter 4 engages with the characterization of the business samples, the modeling and calibration of the parameter that are employed in the models. The exploratory investigation results are presented in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 describes the hyperconnected distribution planning framework. Chapter 7 summarizes the content of the thesis and highlights the main contributions. Moreover, it identifies the research limitations and potential future research avenues.
Giraud, Magali. "L'expérience d'achat impulsif : un essai de modélisation : une application aux achats impulsifs dans la grande distribution." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/710/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study proposes a definition and a conceptual ground of impulse buying. Impulse purchasing is studied inside the "impulse buying experience" which is defined as emotional, sensory and cognitive reactions going along with buying impulse and impulse purchasing. We then stress the main influence of affect on the decision process that goes with this experience. We evaluate wether such decisions may prove rational consumers. The third aim is to model the impulse buying experience with hypermarket shoppers. The results stress the role of situational variables and of functional buying impulsivity
Ben, Jenana Hassen. "Essai de modélisation de la politique de distribution des dividendes." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10002.
Повний текст джерелаBrunet, Bertrand. "Métabolisme, toxicocinétique, distribution tissulaire et redistribution postmortem des cannabinoïdes : études chez le porc." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT1801.
Повний текст джерелаSébastien, Nicolas. "Distribution et parallélisation de simulations orientées agent." La Réunion, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474213/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаSimulation of complex systems provided observation of the studied system's dynamics in a suitable time for scientific interpretation. Agent-oriented simulation features multi-scales observation by modelling the system's granular entities and their interactions. However appealing, execution of large-scale simulations implying throngs of agents is a major issue. This work aims at executing such system on a network of simulation platforms. After having identified requirements of this approach, we propose an agent-based architecture to manage the consistency of distributed simulation on a flexible execution infrastructure. The multiagent system composed of agents distributed among the infrastructure established a virtual platform that executes simulation without requiring adaptation of the simulated model. In order to improve execution performances, we consider time representation and agents interactions, more precisely the perception/influence model, enabling parallel scheduling of the simulation. Along with this scheduling, we propose a dynamic load-balancing algorithm. This one is also based on simulation model's information and aims at both maximising exploitation of each platform and ensuring the flexibility of simulation regarding the flexibility of the execution infrastructure. Concepts and algorithms we propose are then implemented in our platform GEAMAS-NG
Tourneret, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à l'étude de modèles ARMA non gaussiens." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT091H.
Повний текст джерелаFabri-Ruiz, Salomé. "Modèles de distribution et changements environnementaux : Application aux faunes d'échinides de l'océan Austral et écorégionalisation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK070/document.
Повний текст джерелаCurrent environmental changes, which impact marine environments, cover major scientific and societal issues, especially as these environmental changes are expected to accelerate along the 21st century. Understanding and forecasting the response of marine biodiversity to these changes is a pregnant scientific issue. Biogeographic and macroecological approaches provide a scientific framework for that purpose. They allow describing and understanding species distribution patterns at large spatial scale as well as estimating their potential shift with regards to environmental change. This is particularly true in the Southern Ocean, where the effects of climate change are already occurring and where environmental changes could have a deep and manifold impact on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. Despite recent sampling efforts, our knowledge of the Southern Ocean species distributions still faces many shortcomings due to the rather recent discovery of this ocean, its isolation and remoteness along with difficult access conditions. In this context, the aims of this thesis are to better understand the factors that drive species distribution patterns at the Southern Ocean scale, and to assess the impact of climate change on their distribution. For this purpose, different types of Species Distribution Models (SDM) have been used. Echinoids (sea urchins), which are common organisms of benthic communities in the Southern Ocean, have been used as a biological model for this work
Jouves, Johan. "Origine, caractérisation et distribution prédictive des structures karstiques : de la karstologie aux modèles numériques 3D." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0153/document.
Повний текст джерелаKarst networks are hierarchically organized and behave as drains for underground fluid flows. However, the humanly observed karst conduits represent only a limited part of the complete karst conduit system, and overall knowledge remains limited. Geostatistical stochastic simulations represent an interesting tool to study the different three-dimensional (3D) probable configurations of karst networks and then, to determine the uncertainties on the reservoir behaviors. This approach first requires understanding the successive stages of karst structuring of a reservoir and then to numerically reconstruct the 3D organization of karst structures. From karstological determinations, it is possible to identify the morphogenesis of the exo- and endokarst forms and to reconstitute the speleogenetic evolution of a massif (epigenic or hypogenic speleogenesis, evolution of the basic level, etc.). The speleogenetic reconstitutions then make it possible to identify the successive phases of the karst system structuration (epigenic or hypogenic speleogenesis, evolution of base level, etc.). In parallel, a quantitative analysis of the geometries and the topologies performed on 3D cave surveys permits to compare the different organizations of the karst network patterns, related to speleogenetic processes. This morphometric analysis provides a quantitative database of morphological characteristics according to their speleogenetic processes. Finally, two geostatistical approaches were tested to generate karst networks. They correspond to two classical pixel-based geostatistical methods: the sequential indicator simulation (SIS) and the multipoint simulations (MPS)
Fabri-Ruiz, Salomé. "Modèles de distribution et changements environnementaux :Application aux faunes d’échinides de l’océan Austral et écorégionalisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/280471/3/manuscrit.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tanonkou, Guy Aimé. "Une approche par relaxation lagrangienne pour l'optimisation d'un réseau de distribution : modèles stochastiques et fiables." Metz, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2007/Tanonkou.Guy_Aime.SMZ0708.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the development of models and heuristic algorithms for stochastic distribution network design problems. In the first part, the core decision problem lies in optimally designing a distribution network by finding the optimal distribution centers (DCs) location and the best supplier that would replenish the DCs. The first objective of this project is to join strategics decisions (location of DCs and supplier selection) and operational decision (inventory) in the same optimization model. The goal is to minimize the total fixed location cost, transportation cost, working-inventory cost. The problem is difficult to solve since it integrates all these decisions at the same time with non linear cost function to optimize. We provide an efficient technique which reduces system complexity. The second part of this thesis deals with the design of a distribution network where decisions must be made in the presence of uncertainty. Once the facilities have been constructed in the network, one or more of them may from time to time become unavailable because of some risks. To cope with this uncertain environment, we develop strategic decisions that take into account possible scenarios and strategies need to react when risk events occur. A two-period stochastic programming model is proposed. The goal is to minimize the total first stage cost plus the expected value of the random second stage cost taken trough all scenarios. As solution technique, we propose a Monte Carlo optimization approach combining the sample average approximation scheme and an efficient heuristic based on Lagrangian relaxation to generate efficient solutions and determine tight lower bounds
Plichon, Véronique. "Analyse de l'influence des états affectifs sur le processus de satisfaction dans la grande distribution." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE007.
Повний текст джерелаHafsa, Sarra. "Stratégies d'offre du distributeur et politiques de commande : modèles pour l'évaluation des chaînes d'approvisionnement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090005.
Повний текст джерелаPelletier, François. "Modélisation des rendements financiers à l'aide de la distribution de Laplace asymétrique généralisée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30557/30557.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаClassical models in finance are based on a set of hypotheses that are not always empirically verifiable. The main objective behind this master’s thesis is to show that the generalized asymmetric Laplace distribution is an interesting alternative to those models. To support this idea, we focus on some of its properties to develop parametric estimation, approximation and testing methods, then we work out some principles of derivatives pricing. Finally, we have a numerical example to illustrate these concepts.
Silveira, Marcos da. "Sur la distribution avec redondance partielle de modèles à événements discrets pour la supervision de procédés industriels." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30225.
Повний текст джерелаKefi, Jihène. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles quantiques pour les semiconducteurs." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30186.
Повний текст джерелаChenel, Marylore. "Modélisations des relations pharmacocinétiques-pharmacodynamiques de l'effet convulsivant de la norfloxacine et étude de sa distribution centrale." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P642.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) factors responsible for norfloxacin (NOR) convulsant activity in rats. A PK/PD model was developed using total power of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal as convulsant PD surrogate. An important time-delay was observed between NOR PK in plasma and the kinetics of effect. Then EEG recording with PK/PD analysis conducted simultaneously with intracerebral microdialysis (IC MD) showed that NOR-induced seizures are not triggered by enhanced levels of IC glutamate. A 3rd study used MD to test the linearity of NOR CNS distribution, and showed that although plasma PK was non linear (25-150 mg/kg), its limited IC distribution was linear. A 4th study using simultaneously IC MD and EEG recording with PK/PD modeling, was conducted to investigate the contribution of NOR blood-brain barrier transport to its delayed EEG effect. Although NOR IC distribution was limited, brain extracellular fluid concentrations peaked very early which could not explain the delayed EEG effect. In a last study, a physiologically-based PK model is being developed in order to explain NOR non-linear plasma PK. In conclusion an innovative experimental approach using IC MD and PK/PD modeling has proved usefulness to better characterise the convulsant activity of NOR in rats
Darvish, Maryam. "Supply chain optimization : location, production, inventory and distribution." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28185.
Повний текст джерелаToday’s challenging and competitive global business environment forces companies to place a premium upon the performance of their supply chains. The key to success lies in understanding and managing several contradicting performance metrics. Companies are compelled to keep their supply chain costs low and to maintain the service level high. In this regard, integrated planning of important supply chain decisions such as location, procurement, production, inventory, and distribution has proved to be valuable in gaining efficiency and responsiveness. Two fundamental operations in supply chain management are production and distribution planning. Traditionally, mainly due to the high complexity and difficulty of these operations, they have been treated separately. This hierarchical or sequential decision making approach imposes high inventory holding cost, as in the traditional approach inventory plays an important role in timely satisfying the demand. However, in the era of supply chain cost reduction, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the interrelations between different decisions, and especially production and distribution decisions, can no longer be neglected. Although the research interest in the integrated supply chain planning has been recently growing, there is still much room to further improve and make the existing models more realistic. Throughout this research, we investigate different rich integrated problems. The richness of the models stems from real-world features such as delivery time windows, flexible network designs, and incorporation of environmental concerns. Our purpose is to highlight the values of integration, in terms of cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction. First, we describe, model, and solve a plant-customer, single product setting in which production and inventory are capacitated and inter-plant transshipment is allowed. The problem is flexible in terms of delivery due dates to customers, as we define a delivery time window. Using a large real dataset inspired from an industrial partner, we compare the integrated approach with several current practice scenarios. We use an exact method to find the solution of each scenario and study the trade-offs between cost and service level in a detailed sensitivity analysis. Our results indicate how the use of a synchronized and holistic approach to decision making provides abundant opportunities for logistics systems in general. We further extend our study by considering a multi-product and multi-echelon setting. In this problem, products are shipped to customers through a set of distribution centers, and the producer has control over their locations. In this study our network design is flexible since it may change over time. As the problem gets richer and more realistic, it also becomes more complex and difficult to solve. Better solutions from the integrated approach are obtained at the expense of higher implementation complexity and execution time. We describe and model the problem, and solve it with both integrated and sequential decision making approaches to indicate when the use of a more complex approach is beneficial. Our work provides insights on the value of the integrated approach compared to the sequential one. To highlight how the two types of flexibility, from the network design and from the delivery time windows, lead to economic savings, we describe, model, and solve an integrated flexible two-echelon location routing problem. In this problem a supplier delivers a commodity to the customers through a two-echelon supply network. Here, we also consider a penalty for each demand that is not satisfied within the pre-specified time window. The problem is studied in a richer setting, as the distribution is conducted via vehicle routing. The fourth part of this thesis addresses the environmental impacts of logistic decisions. Traditionally, supply chain optimization has merely concentrated on costs or the economic aspects of sustainability, neglecting its environmental and social aspects. Aiming to compare the effect of operational decisions not only on costs but also on greenhouse gas emissions, we reassess some well-known logistic optimization problems under new objectives. We study two integrated systems dealing with production, inventory, and routing decisions, in which a commodity produced at the plant is shipped to the retailers over a finite time horizon. We provide elaborated sensitivity analyses allowing us to gain useful managerial implications on the costs and emissions in integrated supply chains, besides important insights on the cost of being environmentally friendly. In this thesis, we aim not only to better understand the integrated logistics as a whole but also to provide useful operational tools for its exploitation. We propose new business models capable of enhancing supply chain performance while at the same time developing mathematical and technical implementation for its effective and efficient use. Keywords: Integrated optimization; Dynamic lot-sizing; Delivery time window; Location analysis; Distribution
Bourgougnon, Nathalie. "Modélisation au moyen des Réseaux de Petri Temporisés Stochastiques d'une application de contrôle-commande de poste de transformation d'énergie électrique répartie sur le réseau de terrain FIP." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30132.
Повний текст джерелаDrouilhet, Rémy. "Dérivée de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et estimation de densité spectrale." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3024.
Повний текст джерелаGodeau, Ugoline. "Améliorer la pertinence et l’efficacité des modèles statistiques en écologie : extension des fonctions sigmoïdes dans le cadre de l’étude de la distribution de la biodiversité." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3049.
Повний текст джерелаModeling is a major tool in ecology to describe and understand ecosystems or predict their response. We here focused our attention on non-linear sigmoidal models in macroecology, in order to better define them, understand their limitations and suggest improvements. We first studied them in hierarchical Bayesian biodiversity models. We found that taking into account random variations of different parameters of sigmoidal functions has an impact on the estimation of the effects. We then turned our attention to binary binomial generalized linear models for which we compared the classical logistic function to other sigmoidal functions whose asymptotes were estimated. We found strong estimation errors induced by the use of the classical logistic function if the data are not consistent with this model. Finally, we applied these logistic functions with estimated asymptotes in the context of hierarchical joint species occurrence models, thanks to which we were able to demonstrate the usefulness of considering the estimation of asymptotes. However,the unstable results did not allow us to develop ecological conclusions. Throughout, we have used varioustools to better apprehend model evaluation and proposed that they should be used jointly. In conclusion, we have developed new forms of non-linear sigmoidal statistical models, which are new tools for the ecologist allowing to enrich his/her toolbox to better estimate the relationships between ecological variables andbiodiversity data
Girard, Virginie. "Modèles d'habitat statistiques comme outils d'aide à la gestion des débits des rivières insulaires tropicales : Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10055/document.
Повний текст джерелаHydraulic habitat models are frequently used for predicting the ecological impacts of flow management in stream reaches. Their hydraulic component describes microhabitat hydraulics within the reach (e.g. velocity, depth); their biological component describes the "preferences" of aquatic taxa for microhabitat hydraulics. Statistical habitat models involve the modelling of the frequency distributions of hydraulic variables in reaches. Their application requires simple data, but such models are not available for insular tropical streams. We developed hydraulic preference models for 15 diadromous taxa of tropical islands (shrimps and fishes), and statistical hydraulic models for steep streams with large bed particle size. Our models are based on five available biological data sets (~8350 electrofishing units, 52 streams) and original hydraulic measurements (44 streams, 69 site×date) collected in four islands in the Caribbean region (Guadeloupe, Martinique) and the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte), in collaboration with local partners. Our hydraulic models improve the predictions of observed velocity and depth distributions when compared with previous models developed in continental Europe. Our biological models reflect that hydraulics contribute less to microhabitat selection in tropical islands than elsewhere. Nevertheless, some taxa have significant hydraulic preferences that are comparable among data sets and we illustrate a potential application of our results for guiding low flow management in tropical insular streams
Malki, Noureddine. "Contribution au diagnostic des Systèmes à Evénements Discrets par modèles temporels et distributions de probabilité." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis represents a contribution to the problem of diagnosis in discrete event systems (DES). The objective of our work consists in a proposition for a diagnostic approach by exploiting the temporal aspect which characterizing the occurrence of events. For this, the system is modeled by temporal graphs belonging to the timed automata formwork. The approach is designed according to the decentralized architecture to avoid any combinatorial explosion in the construction of the models. It has allowed the detection and isolation of abrupt faults occurring on equipment by combining the enablement conditions of events and the Boolean functions for the non-occurrence of events.Secondly, gradual faults coming from the process its self are considerate. For this, time constraints expressing the dates of occurrence of events in the Templates and Chronicles are modeled by probability distributions (PDs). These are used to characterize normal, degraded or failed functioning of each subsystem with a degree of certainty. Identification of this functioning mode is represented by the value of a degradation indicator
Le, Duigou Sarah. "La dimension temporelle dans les modèles de recherche d’emploi : horizon, âge, expérience." Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA2004/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn economics, it is today usual to use search models to modelize labor market, and assess public policy on this market. In this thesis, we introduce the age heterogeneity of workers in a search model which takes into account both labor market flows and endogenous wage distribution. We show that this heterogeneity affects greatly agents' economic behaviors in terms of wage setting, search intensity, and matches' productivity, by its two dimensions, the workers' experience and the workers' horizon. This model allows us to decompose the wage trajectory of workers over their life cycle into three main channels : the wage game, the human capital accumulation and the presence of institutions. Besides, we show that this last channel, as composed of unemployment benefits indexed on workers' last wage, accounts for the simultaneous strong wage progression and weak workers' mobility observed in the French data. Yet, the horizon can also be technological : firms' embodied technology becomes obsolete with time. Given this technological horizon, the presence of tenure-growing unemployement benefits yields a distorsion which fastens obsolescence. In this context, only a tenure-growing firing tax allows the economy to reach its social optimum
Naccache, Salma. "Hyperconnected e-commerce distribution sustainability : multi-agent simulation based assessment for e-vendors." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27439.
Повний текст джерелаThe growth of online sales of physical products demonstrates the interest of suppliers for the adoption of B2C e-commerce as an alternative distribution channel to the conventional retail channel. The benefits of B2C are promoted not only by the scientific literature but also by practically grounded professional literature. In fact, Web stores complemented conventional Brick-and-Mortar retail shops, allowing e-vendors to access a wide geographical range of e-consumers through the Internet. On the consumer side, accessing products at any time and home delivery enhance their shopping experience, notably through time and fuel savings. This common vision of B2C distribution benefits considers only «the visible face of the iceberg», confined to the ordering process and the last-mile delivery. In this thesis, we are interested in investigating the impacts of e-commerce distribution over a larger scope that encompasses the entire distribution system of e-vendors. In fact, the complexity of their multi-actor operational environment challenges their ability to manage their distribution operations in a sustainable way, while ensuring ever quicker deliveries to their e-consumers. Moreover, B2C distribution systems inherit the inefficiency symptoms observed through the current logistics environment. Besides, the concept of the Physical Internet (PI or π) enabled hyperconnected distribution is a priori a candidate alternative that allows e-vendors to improve their performance, in contrast with current B2C distribution approaches. Through an exploratory study, this thesis investigates the impacts of a PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution on the sustainable potential of e-vendors, in contrast with current B2C distribution options. To this end, case studies based on multi-agent simulations were developed for modeling e-vendor distribution scenarios, inspired by actual data from our industrial partner South Shore Industries. Through the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), we gradually assessed e-vendor performance starting from the drop-ship distribution approach. Then, we assessed a dynamic B2C deployment approach in the current logistics environment then in a PI-enabled context. The first contribution of this thesis is to close the theoretical gap between research and practice in terms of modeling integrated B2C distribution systems. The second contribution is the development of a generic multi-agent conceptual model for B2C distribution scenario simulations. The third contribution is the proposal of an integrated consolidation based distribution approach allowing e-vendors to improve their performances, while globally reducing e-consumer order delivery times, within a drop-ship distribution based approach. The fourth contribution is the proposal of an e-vendor dynamic inventory balancing model. The last contribution confirms through a simulation-based experiment, that a PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution leverages the sustainable potential of e-vendors.
Tremblay, Marie. "Estimation des paramètres des modèles de culture : application au modèle STICS Tournesol." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30020.
Повний текст джерелаStojanovic, Alexandre. "Sur la distribution limite des valeurs propres dans des matrices aléatoires." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077184.
Повний текст джерелаBoucher, Marie-Amélie. "Modélisation hydrologique probabiliste par réseaux de neurones : calibration de la distribution prédictive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24021/24021.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFerdjoukh, Adel. "Une approche déclarative pour la génération de modèles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT325/document.
Повний текст джерелаOwning data is useful in many different fields. Data can be used to test and to validate approaches, algorithms and concepts. Unfortunately, data is rarely available, is cost to obtain, or is not adapted to most of cases due to a lack of quality.An automated data generator is a good way to generate quickly and easily data that are valid, in different sizes, likelihood and diverse.In this thesis, we propose a novel and complete model driven approach, based on constraint programming for automated data generation
Boussu, François. "Simulation de la filière textile - habillement - distribution : réduction de la complexité en vue d'une meilleure prévision des ventes." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-31.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаUne identification des methodes et modeles de prevision adaptes a l'environnement de vente des articles textiles est egalement proposee. L'application de six methodes de prevision, et leurs evaluations par des mesures differentes de l'erreur sur des donnees de vente reelles, a permis de mettre en valeur les capacites d'adaptation et de precision des methodes de lissage utilisant une procedure d'auto-regulation de leurs propres parametres. Enfin, la reduction du nombre de donnees a traiter tout en minimisant la perte d'information est abordee. Les methodologies de classification proposees constituent des methodes d'analyse des donnees de vente des articles textiles et fournissent l'essentiel de l'information pour l'identification d'un modele de prevision adapte. L'utilisation d'un algorithme genetique de classification, dont la capacite reside a explorer l'ensemble des solutions, a permis d'atteindre la repartition optimale globale
Benelallam, Amine. "Model transformation on distributed platforms : decentralized persistence and distributed processing." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0288/document.
Повний текст джерелаModel-Driven Engineering (MDE) is gaining ground in industrial environments, thanks to its promise of lowering software development and maintenance effort. It has been adopted with success in producing software for several domains like civil engineering, car manufacturing and modernization of legacy software systems. As the models that need to be handled in model-driven engineering grow in scale, it became necessary to design scalable algorithms for model transformation (MT) as well as well-suitable persistence frameworks. One way to cope with these issues is to exploit the wide availability of distributed clusters in the Cloud for the distributed execution of model transformations and their persistence. On one hand, programming models such as MapReduce and Pregel may simplify the development of distributed model transformations. On the other hand, the availability of different categories of NoSQL databases may help to store efficiently the models. However, because of the dense interconnectivity of models and the complexity of transformation logics, scalability in distributed model processing is challenging. In this thesis, we propose our approach for scalable model transformation and persistence. We exploit the high-level of abstraction of relational MT languages and the well-defined semantics of existing distributed programming models to provide a relational model transformation engine with implicit distributed execution. The syntax of the MT language is not modified and no primitive for distribution is added. Hence developers are not required to have any acquaintance with distributed programming.We extend this approach with an efficient model distribution algorithm, based on the analysis of relational model transformation and recent results on balanced partitioning of streaming graphs. We applied our approach to a popular MT language, ATL, on top of a well-known distributed programming model, MapReduce. Finally, we propose a multi-persistence backend for manipulating and storing models in NoSQL databases according to the modeling scenario. Especially, we focus on decentralized model persistence for distributed model transformations
Anouar, Kamal. "La décision de distribution de la valeur créée par les entreprises du SBF250 : apports de la finance d'entreprise comportementale." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0015.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to the explanation and understanding of payout policies through the study of the impact of behavioural imperfections on the decision to pay dividend in France. The purpose of research is available in two research questions: the first focuses on whether the persistence of managers to pay dividends is related to a better market valuation of companies reflecting prevailing uninformed investor preferences for dividend payers. The second research question aims to investigate whether the persistence of managers to pay dividends is related to biases of optimism and overconfidence that affect their decision to pay. Through quantitative and qualitative studies on data concerning the SBF250 companies, we show the relevance of this recent research framework. Indeed, the results from different Logit/Probit regressions show that investor demand for companies who pay dividends influence significantly the probability that a manager decide to initiate or to continue paying a dividend to shareholders in the case of a company characterized by a large size, high profitability and low debt levels. Furthermore, it appears by the content analysis made on the corpus of the "Messages des présidents" that the managers of the largest companies listed on the French market are more or less affected by the biases of overconfidence and optimism
Mondet, Sébastien. "Modélisation et distribution adaptatives de grandes scènes naturelles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT026H/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the modeling and the interactive streaming of large natural 3D scenes. We aim at providing techniques to allow the remote walkthrough of users in a natural 3D scene ensuring botanical coherency and interactivity.First, we provide a compact and progressive representation for botanically realistic plant models. The topological structure and the geometry of the plants are represented by generalized cylinders. We provide a multi-resolution compression scheme, based on standardization and instantiation, on difference-based decorrelation, and on entropy coding. Then, we study efficient transmission of these 3D objects. The proposed packetization scheme works for any multi-resolution 3D representation. We validate our packetization schemes with extensive experiments over a WAN (Wide Area Network), with and without congestion control (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol). Finally, we address issues on streaming at the scene-level. We optimize the viewpoint culling requests on server-side by providing an adapted datastructure and we prepare the ground for our further work on scalability and deployment of distributed 3D streaming systems
Mazoyer, Adrien. "Modèles de mutation : étude probabiliste et estimation paramétrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM032/document.
Повний текст джерелаMutation models are probabilistic descriptions of the growth of a population of cells, where mutationsoccur randomly during the process. Data are samples of integers, interpreted as final numbers ofmutant cells. These numbers may be coupled with final numbers of cells (mutant and non mutant) or a mean final number of cells.The frequent appearance in the data of very large mutant counts, usually called “jackpots”, evidencesheavy-tailed probability distributions.Any mutation model can be interpreted as the result of three ingredients. The first ingredient is about the number of mutations occuring with small probabilityamong a large number of cell divisions. Due to the law of small numbers, the number of mutations approximately follows aPoisson distribution. The second ingredient models the developing duration of the clone stemming from each mutation. Due to exponentialgrowth, most mutations occur close to the end of the experiment. Thus the developing time of arandom clone has exponential distribution. The last ingredients represents the number of mutant cells that any clone developing for a given time will produce. Thedistribution of this number depends mainly on the distribution of division times of mutants.One of the most used mutation model is the Luria-Delbrück model.In these model, division times of mutant cells were supposed to be exponentially distributed.Thus a clone develops according to a Yule process and its size at any given time follows a geometric distribution.This approach leads to a family of probability distributions which depend on the expected number of mutations and the relative fitness, which is the ratio between the growth rate of normal cells to that of mutants.The statistic purpose of these models is the estimation of these parameters. The probability for amutant cell to appear upon any given cell division is estimated dividing the mean number of mutations by the mean final number of cells.Given samples of final mutant counts, it is possible to build estimators maximizing the likelihood, or usingprobability generating function.Computing robust estimates is of crucial importance in medical applications, like cancer tumor relapse or multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis for instance.The problem with classical mutation models, is that they are based on quite unrealistic assumptions: constant final number of cells,no cell deaths, exponential distribution of lifetimes, or time homogeneity. Using a model for estimation, when thedata have been generated by another one, necessarily induces a bias on estimates.Several sources of bias has been partially dealed until now: non-exponential lifetimes, cell deaths, fluctuations of the final count of cells,dependence of the lifetimes, plating efficiency. The time homogeneity remains untreated.This thesis contains probabilistic and statistic study of mutation models taking into account the following bias sources:non-exponential and non-identical lifetimes, cell deaths, fluctuations of the final count of cells, plating efficiency.Simulation studies has been performed in order to propose robust estimation methods, whatever the modeling assumptions.The methods have also been applied to real data sets, to compare the results with the estimates obtained under classical models.An R package based on the different results obtained in this work has been implemented (joint work with Rémy Drouilhetand Stéphane Despréaux) and is available on the CRAN. It includes functions dedicated to the mutation models and parameter estimation.The applications have been developed for the Labex TOUCAN (Toulouse Cancer)
Mondet, Sebastien. "Modélisation et distribution adaptatives de grandes scènes naturelles." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400928.
Повний текст джерелаTout d'abord, nous fournissons une technique de compression multi-résolution, fondée sur la normalisation, l'instanciation, la décorrélation, et sur le codage entropique des informations géometriques pour des modèles de plantes. Ensuite, nous étudions la transmission efficace de ces objets 3D. L'algorithme de paquétisation proposé fonctionne pour la plupart des représentations multi-résolution d'objet 3D.
Nous validons les techniques de paquétisation par des expériences sur un WAN (Wide Area Network), avec et sans contrôle de congestion (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol).
Enfin, nous abordons les questions du streaming au niveau de la scène. Nous optimisons le traitement des requêtes du côté serveur en fournissant une structure de données adaptée et nous préparons le terrain pour nos travaux futurs sur l'évolutivité et le déploiement de systèmes distribués de streaming 3D.
Ramos, Bermudez Mario Bernardo. "Optimisation des systèmes de distribution de fluides et des réseaux de chauffage urbains à l'aide d'un algorithme génétique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24395/24395.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGarrido, Myriam. "Modélisation des évènements rares et estimation des quantiles extrêmes , méthodes de sélection de modèles pour les queues de distribution." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004666.
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