Дисертації з теми "Modèles de communication responsables"
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Rusu, Anca. "Delving into AI discourse within EU institutional communications : empowering informed decision-making for tomorrow’s tech by fostering responsible communication for emerging technologies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222023UPSLD029%22.
The proliferation of emerging technologies, which are defined as new technologies or new use of old technologies (for example, artificial intelligence (AI)), presents both opportunities and challenges for society when used. These technologies promise to revolutionize various sectors, providing new efficiencies, capabilities, and insights, which makes them interesting to develop and use. However, their use also raises significant ethical, environmental, and social concerns. Organizations communicate through various modes, one of which is written discourse. Such discourse encompasses not only the structure of the message but also its content. In other words, the vocabulary (the structure) is used to express a specific point of view (the content). Within technology usage, there is a clear connection between communication and informed decision-making, as the information about the technology (its form and substance) is spread through communication, which in turn aids in making well-informed decisions. This thesis adopts a risk governance approach, which involves taking a preventive perspective to minimize (or avoid) future potential risks. This viewpoint acknowledges the importance of people making informed decisions about accepting or acting in light of potential future risks. It is to be noted that people's decisions are influenced by what they know about a technology and their perceptions (what they do not know but believe). Hence, our research aims to explore the theoretical perspectives on organizations' communication responsibilities and the actual practices employed by these entities. This choice stems from the apparent gap in the literature concerning responsible communication and the necessity to examine the topic, emphasizing practical considerations for further defining modes of organizational communication to analyze and take proactive action when communicating about emerging technologies such as AI. When an organization communicates about an emerging technology, elements focusing on the responsibility of sharing information can be found in the literature, but none on the responsibility (seen as an ethical behavior) of one organization regarding the impact of what is communicated on the decision-making process. Some responsibility is linked to corporate social responsibility (CSR), but the focus remains on the information. We propose a concept that addresses the intersection between three considered fields: emerging technologies, organizational communication and risk governance, which is the one of Responsible Organizational Communication on Emerging Technologies (ROCET) to address the responsibility of what is communicated as an ethical behavior. We aim to delve into the concept by bridging the divide between theory and practice, examining both simultaneously to garner a comprehensive understanding. This approach will help construct an understanding that meets halfway, building on knowledge accumulated from both areas. Therefore, two analyses will be conducted in parallel: a critical literature review around the “responsible communication” concept and a discourse analysis of standalone reports published by governmental bodies regarding the use of a specific emerging technology, namely artificial intelligence (AI). Using a single case analysis approach, the analysis aims to problematize one's communication regarding a public discourse while challenging such constitutions by exploring models of responsible communication. There is a gap in the literature in referring to this term as this research does. The literature focuses either on the communication conducted by organizations as part of their corporate responsibility strategy or from a communication theory perspective, concentrating on how to convey a message effectively. Alternatively, it looks at the matter from the emerging technologies perspective, where the focus is on information communication referring to the technology
Bernard, Stéphane. "L'effet de la communication socialement responsable sur la réputation de l'entreprise." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10027.
This research focuses on the company's corporate communication and the perception of corporate social responsability. It is assumed that the receiver's ethical ideology has a moderating effect on the impact that perceived socially responsible values have on one dimension of the reputation. This idea is built into a model, drawing from the work of Schwartz and Boehnke (2004) for values, of Forsyth (1980) for ethical ideology, of Davies, Chun, Vinhas da Silva and Roper (2004) for reputation, and from the Hunt-Vitell theory (Hunt and Vitell, 1986). Perception of socially responsible actions by the company is also included in the model. Validation of the model is carried out using structural equations. The moderating effect of ethical ideology is shown in the results and discussed
Deret, Sophie. "Analyse des particularités structurales des chaînes isolées d'immunoglobulines monoclonales responsables de complications rénales et multiviscérales." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2353.
Fourcade, Laurent. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques responsables des troubles de la motilité intestinale étudiés sur 2 modèles expérimentaux d'atrésie intestinales chez le rat." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/57604199-c23f-4178-88e8-e0dfdbcc9296/blobholder:0/2008LIMO310E.pdf.
Small bowel atresia remains a challenging problem among neonatal digestive disorders. In all cases, the treatment is based on surgical intervention consisting of resection of the obstructed part of the bowel followed by a primary anastomosis. A successful surgical correction and an adequate length of small intestine are not always sufficient to obtain a full recovery of the bowel. In fact, in about 20% of treated newborns, small bowel function remains not optimal, making it impossible to give these children a normal oral feed. Disturbances in enteric nervous system (ENS) and in epithelium development have been suspected in the pathogenesis of these disorders. A part of the authors consider that these abnormalities are mainly observed in the upper part of the obstruction. For the others, such disturbances are mainly observed in the lower part. Thus, we developed 2 animal models of intestinal obstruction in the rat using immunohistochemical reagents involved in epithelium and enteric nervous system differentiation. We demonstrated in the lower part of a surgical induced obstruction, a delay in the maturation of the ENS. Using a teratogenic model (adriamycin), we also reproduced multiple gastrointestinal atresia, a rare kind of human intestinal atresia with a poor prognosis. We also demonstrated the major role of amniotic fluid digestion and mesenteric blood supply in the ENS maturation
Mouneyrac, Aurelie. "Messages de prévention promouvant le Jeu responsable : une injonction paradoxale dans les jeux de hasard et d'argent." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/7082.
Gambling confronts individuals to at least two paradoxes. The first one refers to control: on the one hand, gamblers think they can control the game in order to increase their chances to win (i.e. the illusion of control) and, on the other hand, they can lose control over their impulses. To gamble safely, gamblers should play in a controlled way instead of trying to control the game. The second paradox is that the gambling operators have financial interests in promoting gambling, but try at the same time to prevent the risks of gambling. In particular, they have to help gamblers to keep control of their impulses. To that end, gambling operators use prevention messages promoting Responsible Gambling (e.g., “So that gambling remains a game”). The central thesis of this dissertation is that these preventive messages often are ambiguous and tend to convey promotional contents rather than preventive ones. The aim of this dissertation was thus to examine the comprehension of messages promoting Responsible Gambling. We studied the ambiguity of their semantic content and the influence of extrinsic factors of the message (i.e. the characteristics of the source of the message and of the receiver) on the understanding of the message. We conducted four experiments online with 1438 participants. Results of these studies show that prevention messages promoting Responsible Gambling have a paradoxical effect on individuals: they are ambiguous (Experiment 1) and individuals understand them as being both prevention and promotional messages (Experiment 2). In a real game situation, messages promoting Responsible Gambling exacerbate risk-taking behavior when compared to non-ambiguous prevention messages (Experiment 3). Moreover, we showed that people better understand prevention messages when they see them as stemming from the government instead of a gambling operator and when the source is perceived as highly credible. However, gamblers’ attitudes toward gambling, familiarity with gambling or their level of risk of pathological gambling does not influence the comprehension of the message in our sample (Experiment 4). This dissertation shows that messages which are currently used by gambling operators are not appropriate to prevent excessive gambling. Our work thus contributes to the improvement of preventive communication strategies of gambling operators and governments
Lenormand, Emmanuel. "Communication par événements dans les modèles à objets." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345373.
Ferlet, Axelle. "Le rôle des représentations sociales dans l'évaluation d'attributs socialement responsables : le cas de la gouvernance des coopératives agroalimentaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3078/document.
Jacquet, d’aucy, Béghin-Say or Labeyrie... What do these brands have in common? These brands are part of the everyday life of French consumers, though not many actually know they are owned by agricultural cooperatives. If these brands communicated their cooperative status on the market, would this be considered by consumers to be an added value? This doctoral dissertation focuses on the role played by consumers’ social representation in relation to the producer’s governance mode, as part of the product evaluation. This work aims to answer this central research question according to three sub-questions. The first one focuses on the content and structure of the social representation of French consumers regarding cooperatives. The second question analyzes the influence of this social representation on the categorization and evaluation of cooperatives’ offerings, taking into account the mediating role of the level of congruence between the offer and this social representation. The third question addresses the effect of cooperative labelling and arguments on the attitudes and behavioral intentions of consumers. In particular, this sub-question evaluates the levels of congruence and centrality of the arguments with the considered social representation. Therefore, the social representation of cooperatives and its influence are studied and discussed in seven studies, though a multi-method approach. From a theoretical point of view, this research highlights that the social representation of cooperatives echoes consumers’ CSR concerns; this explains the beneficial effect of a label or a mention on this governance status. From a methodological point of view, this research uses original methods (hybrid and implicit methods) in addition to those that are traditionally used in marketing. From a managerial point of view, this work provides managers and institutional entities with answers on the potential of a cooperative mention and helps them choose arguments that will lead to effective marketing communications
Kelif, Jean-Marc. "Modèles fluides de réseaux sans fil." Paris, ENST, 2008. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00004761.
Yepes, Arostegui Hugo Alfonso. "Estimation de l'aléa sismique probabiliste de l'Equateur : modèles d'entrée, applications et communication." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU020/document.
Seismic hazard and risk are high in Ecuador. Earthquakes are notorious in history both for the number of victims (~60.000) and the hardships they have brought. Moreover, late 20th century events have highlighted evidences that the physical vulnerability of present-day buildings is considerable and that the economic impact of earthquakes could be devastating for Ecuador's sustained growth. Therefore, it is an important contribution for reducing the seismic risk to construct methodologically sound models for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, which is the main objective of this dissertation.The first step was to construct a seismic catalog for the country where historical and instrumental seismicity is homogeneous and complete. The instrumental seismicity available in local and international catalogs since the beginning of the 20th century was collected. Events were singularized and, by means of a prioritizing scheme of most reliable locations and magnitude estimations, individual events were merged in a single, unified and homogenized catalog. Previously re-evaluated historical seismicity was appended. The 1587–2009 Ecuadorian earthquake catalog finally comprises 10,823 instrumental events plus 32 historical earthquakes with a Mw magnitude range from 3.0 to 8.8.Next a seismic source zones (SSZ) model for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was worked out. In the course of modeling the SSZ, a new view of Ecuador's complex geodynamics was conceived. This view emphasizes two aspects of the plates' interactions at continental scale: the differences in rheology of Farallon and Nazca plates and the convergence obliquity resulting from the convex shape of the South American northwestern continental margin. Both conditions satisfactorily explain several characteristics of the observed earthquake generation –such as the El Puyo seismic cluster– as well as the interseismic coupling. The Grijalva rifted margin (GRM) marks the boundary between the two plates. Seismicity and interseismic coupling are weak and shallow south of the GRM and increases northward, showing a heterogeneous coupling pattern locally associated to Carnegie ridge's subduction. Great thrust earthquakes have ruptured the interface from Carnegie to the north, not breaking through Carnegie. In the continental realm the CCPP localized fault system constitutes the boundary between the NA block and stable South America. It concentrates most of the seismic moment release in crustal Ecuador. 19 SSZs have been modeled accounting for this new scheme: 1 outer-trench, 3 interface, six intraplate and 9 crustal.The catalog and a preliminary version of the SSZ model were applied in determining the PSH in Quito and assessing the uncertainties. The city is built on the hanging wall of an active reverse fault system that is moving at 4.3-5.3 mm/yr. PSH estimates showed that hazard levels at 475 years return period (RT) almost entirely proceed from the contribution of the local SSZ, therefore the analysis was concentrated on it. Significant variability in accelerations at that RT resulted from a variety of considerations: modeling the local source either as a zone or as fault source, the geometry of the SSZ, the way frequency-magnitude distributions and/or slip rates with variable locking percentages were modeled, the GMPEs selection and the inclusion of the hanging wall effect. The PGA mean value obtained for a rock site Quito is ~0.4 g in that RT with variability ranging from 0.3 to 0.73g.PSHA communication is crucial for risk management, but is difficult since probabilities and uncertainties are not easily assimilated by society. Following the practices of the social sciences and of experiences acquired in issuing eruption early warnings to rural communities, a participatory approach has been outlined to collectively build up knowledge about the earthquake risk in Quito that could take the form of a citizens' observatory for seismic risk awareness and reduction
Kabore, Eveline Chantal. "Contribution à l'automatisation d'un processus de construction d'abstractions de communication par transformations successives de modèles." Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0074.
Bermolen, Maria Paola. "Modèles probabilistes et statistiques pour la conception et l'analyse des systèmes de communication." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00005853.
Two different problems are addressed in this thesis : traffic prediction and classification and access mechanisms in MANETS. In the first part of the thesis, we address the problem of traffic prediction and classsification by means of advanced statistical tools. We analyze the problem of online prediction of the load on a link based only on past measurements and without assuming any particular model. Concerning traffic classification, and motivated by the widespread use of P2P systems, we focus on the identification of P2P applications, considering more precisely the case of P2P television (P2P-TV). For both cases, our framework makes use of Support Vector Machines (SVM). The algorithms we propose provide very accurate results, they are robust and their computational cost is extremely low. These properties make our solutions specially adapted to an online application. Self-organized systems such as MANETs, are of particular importance in today’s world. In the second part of the thesis, we address two different problems related to MAC mechanisms in MANETs (in particular, we concentrate on CSMA). Firstly, an analysis of the existing models for CSMA, with special emphasis on their correlation with the real protocol, is presented. Some weakness are identified and possible solutions are proposed. The use of stochastic geometry tools allows us to obtain analytical results where other techniques cannot. Secondly, we address the problem of lack of QoS in CSMA and we propose two different mechanisms that guarantee a minimum rate for each accepted transmission. The main aim of our study is to identify which of the proposed mechanisms outperforms CSMA best depending on the scenario
Rifoe, Patrick Philippe. "Le management informationnel dans l'action publique d'urbanisation : dispositifs communicationnels des modèles français et d'Afrique francophone." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30007/document.
This thesis of doctorate is about the communication in the urban projects. She is found on the international diffusion of the project logic as norm to make and to arrange the city. Diffusion that drive us to examine the communicational practice that the project allow. The norm project, today shared, does it imply some similarity in terms of communication? In a multipartenarial context, how does he organize the meeting apparatus? Until what point does to make the city imply him the involvement of the inhabitants? What are the issues of the communication that go with project? Two fields have been mobilized in a comparative perspective; the urban shutter of the Contract Getting out of Debt Contract Development (C2D) of Douala and the Big Urban Project (GPU) of Lille. 33 interviews, non participant observation, working papers and a significant corpus of press served to support a conceptual armature resting on the notions of apparatus and communication activity. The main results show a strong salience of communicational dissimilarity in the studied projects. These differences must be put in perspective with specific institutional contexts. Indeed, the communication in the C2D of Douala is minimal, implemented by internal actors to the Urban Community of Douala, but external to the team of project. In the case of the GPU, the implementation of the communication leans on outside operators to the project team, although the communicational activity is drived by the members of the aforesaid team. The place of the inhabitants deal to see a minimal involvement of the Douala casa whereas. In the Big Urban Project of Lille, we see an active continuum of the simple consultation to the coproduction of some facilities. Finally the accompaniment communication includes a strongsymbolic dimension in Lille whereas in Douala, it limits herself to evenementialisation who deserve of the Government Delegate close to the Douala Urban City Council
Drolez, Aurore. "Métastases cérébrales des cellules du cancer du sein : étude in vitro des mécanismes responsables du passage au travers de la Barrière Hémato Encéphalique." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0404/document.
Worldwide, one in nine women will suffer from breast cancer and about a third of them will develop distant metastases, mainly in the lung, the bones and the brain. Brain metastases are associated with poor prognosis and reduced overall survival because most of the available anticancer agents proved to be ineffective because of their failure to cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) to target brain metastases. Hence, prevent cancer cells to cross the BBB can be considered as one of therapeutic strategies to reduce brain metastases development. However, this includes the prior identification of still unknown molecular mechanisms involved during interactions between cancer cells and BBB endothelial cells. It is in this context that this thesis work has been drawn up. It shows that the relevance of results obtained from in vitro studies heavily depends on the quality of the chosen BBB model. The use of several in vitro models demonstrates that only the one generated from human stem cells provides results in accordance with clinical data. This model also enables study of specific mechanisms responsible for interactions between cancer cells and BBB endothelial cells during brain metastases formation
Pineau, Jean-François. "Communication-aware scheduling on heterogeneous master-worker platforms." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530131.
Ben, Ezzine Radhouane. "Application de la méthode de vérification de modèles sur des protocoles de communication JAVA." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4492.
Lainé, Jean. "Echange et communication : essai sur l'efficacité parétienne dans une économie contrainte." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN1G036.
Fabre, Muriel. "Complexes dinucléaires Ruthénium-cyanamides : composés modèles pour l'étude de la communication électronique à longue distance." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171709.
Une première famille de complexes dinucléaires du ruthénium [{RuII(tpy)(acac)}2(µ-L)] (où tpy = 2,2'-6',2''-terpyridine, acac = acétylacétonate et L est un ligand pontant dicyanamide) a été synthétisée. Ces complexes, bien que prometteurs pour la mesure des couplages électroniques et magnétiques, n'ont pas pu être caractérisés et étudiés complètement en raisons des problèmes de solubilité rencontrés.
Une deuxième famille de composés [{RuII(tpy)(thd)}2(µ-L)] (où thd = 2,2,6,6-tétraméthylheptanedione), plus solubles de par la présence de groupements tert-butyles, a ensuite été synthétisée, la distance métal-métal variant entre 12,0 et 25,1 Å. Les formes à valence mixte RuII-RuIII de ces complexes ont été générées par électrochimie et le couplage électronique Vab déterminé par spectroscopie UV-Vis-Proche IR. On retrouve une décroissance exponentielle de ce paramètre avec la distance métal-métal. Les formes homovalentes paramagnétiques RuIII-RuIII ont été générées chimiquement et/ou électrochimiquement, des mesures de susceptibilité magnétique et des études RPE ont permis la détermination du paramètre de couplage magnétique J et la mise en évidence d'une loi de décroissance exponentielle de ce paramètre avec la distance métal-métal.
Le complexe le plus court de cette famille [{RuII(tpy)(thd)}2(µ-dicyd)] (où dicyd = dicyanamidobenzène) présente un comportement très différent. Des études électrochimiques, spectroscopiques (UV-Vis-PIR, RPE), magnétiques et cristallographiques complétées par des calculs DFT ont mis en lumière la non-innocence du ligand dicyanamidobenzène dans ce type de systèmes. En l'occurrence, celui-ci est oxydé avant les deux ions ruthénium (II).
Meddeb, Souad. "Identification des filtres de Volterra et des modèles bilinéaires : application à la communication par satellite." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT036H.
Sondaz, Elodie. "Synthèses et caractérisations de complexes ruthénium-cyanamides : composés modèles pour l'étude de la communication électronique." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30184.
Sulface, Allain. "Simulation du trafic routier et communication inter-véhicules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28507/28507.pdf.
Cuvelliez, Charles. "Etudes des modèles d'implémentation des opérateurs de réseaux mobiles virtuels." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210895.
Hosting MVNOs, supporting them from both operational and commercial perspectives are new challenges for the mobile operators: they have to set up a specific internal organization because they used to be a vertically integrated industrial structure. All of this represents tremendous changes for them.
This thesis describes first the strategic models for hosting MVNOs. The regulatory aspects, that are an essential driver for the liberalization of network economies, are then analyzed. The key point is: are the MVNO able to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of mobile markets.
Another important aspect is the modelling of a mobile network: the MVNOs will use some components while other components are unuseful for them. Without such model, it is impossible to derive the right costs and price to be charged to the MVNO in order to have a win win industrial model for both the MVNO and its hosting operator.
A case study of a corporate MVNO focusing on needs of multinationals is analyzed. Such case study describes all the steps for an economic actor to become MVNO from scratch. Such MVNO are not yet present although there is a market demand.
The last chapter makes a comparative study of the MVNO markets in the European Union.
Cette étude aborde le phénomène des opérateurs de réseaux mobiles virtuels ;il s’agit d’acteurs économiques - parfois sans lien aucun avec les télécommunications - qui louent le réseau d’opérateurs mobiles ;ils deviennent à leur tour opérateurs à part entière au point de devenir concurrent non seulement des autres opérateurs mobiles mais aussi de l’opérateur mobile qui leur a loué une partie de son réseau.
L’hébergement technique de l’opérateur virtuel, son support opérationnel et commercial, l’organisation que doit mettre en place l’opérateur mobile pour héberger son opérateur virtuel afin de partager avec lui son réseau sont des nouveaux défis auxquels les opérateurs mobiles, habitués à être des structures industrielles totalement intégrées verticalement, font face pour la première fois.
Cette étude traite des modèles d’implémentation des opérateurs de réseaux mobiles virtuels :elle aborde d’abord les aspects stratégiques qui fixent le cadre pour les opérateurs mobiles qui veulent ou sont forcés à héberger des opérateurs virtuels. Les aspects réglementaires, une composante essentielle des économies de réseaux en voie de libéralisation, sont ensuite étudiés, en particulier, comment les opérateurs virtuels peuvent contribuer à améliorer la compétitivité et la libéralisation de ces marchés.
L’étude modélise ensuite le réseau d’un opérateur mobile de façon à mettre en évidence les éléments à partager qui seront utilisés par l’opérateur virtuel. Cette modélisation est essentielle pour déterminer le coût de l’hébergement et du partage du réseau de façon à créer les conditions de rentabilité de ce modèle d’opérateur virtuel.
On aborde enfin un cas d’étude d’un candidat à devenir opérateur de réseau mobile virtuel qui souhaite répondre à la demande transnationale des grandes entreprises. Ce type d’opérateur virtuel est encore inexistant de nos jours.
Enfin, nous terminons par une étude comparée de la situation des opérateurs mobiles virtuels à travers l’Union Européenne.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Touzene, Abderezak. "Résolution des modèles markoviens sur machines à mémoires distribuées." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341389.
Kibangou, Alain Y. "Modèles de volterra à complexité réduite : estimation paramétrique et application à l'égalisation des canaux de communication." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190985.
Bloyer, Paul. "Gestion des déchets radioactifs et marquage sonore de site : modèles et outils conceptuels pour une signalétique pérenne." Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2bcd3d25-b708-4147-8f5e-fb1b8d95c86f/blobholder:0/2021LIMO0002.pdf.
The radioactive waste burial project, Cigéo (Industrial centre for geological disposal), provides for the storage of French nuclear waste, 500 metres underground, between Meuse and Haute-Marne. The National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (Andra) leads the infrastructure project to store the waste long term, since radioactive decay can extend from five centuries to 100,000 years. Such a project certainly represents a technical challenge, but it also represents a cultural challenge: how does one create and preserve the memory of the existence of this storage facility? The Memory program, piloted by Andra, funds research on the carriers and the messages likely to generate and maintain a collective memory of the landfill site, in the (very) long term. Our research questions the capacity of sound to transmit a stable message and contribute to creating a lasting memory. We therefore seek to identify and conceive discourses whose meaning could be understood by individuals from various cultural backgrounds, and which are likely to continually exist on a multi-secular scale. This work proceeds to an inventory of the problems linked to such a project. They approach the role and place of sound within the memory system, and in interaction with the other discursive modalities that will compose it. We explore the relevant theoretical horizons in order to describe and understand how sound makes sense. Finally, the analysis of data from surveys on sound perception allows us to discuss theoretical contributions and specify the relevant research horizons for the description of sound meaning, and the development of tools for the design of sound signage
Vega, Luis. "Modèles de coopération et de communication entre processus temps réel repartis : expression de contraintes de temps pour la vérification de propriétés temporelles dans la communication." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL092N.
Gonthier, Georges. "Sémantiques et modèles d'exécution des langages réactifs synchrones : application à Esterel." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112049.
Bakkoury, Jamila. "Modélisation non stationnaire et égalisation des canaux de communication VHF." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT016H.
Layec, Alan. "Développement de modèles de CAO pour la simulation système des systèmes de communication : application aux communications chaotiques." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/49eee2a7-fa1c-434a-884d-de2752d90bf1/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0006.pdf.
This work deals with the modelling and the simulation of communication chains in a system level environment. A first part develops CAD models used in digital transmission chains and gives principles of simulation for the evaluation of the BER and the parallel computation. A behavioural model of type-2 frequency synthesizer is then given. Numerical computations realized in post processing of a synthesizer working at 13GHz, allows the computation of the output spectra and the probability density of the jitter. The last part of the manual presents a chaotic frequency hopping system built with frequency synthesizers working at 2. 5-2. 52GHz and based of the self synchronisation principle of quasi-chaotic digital encoders/decoders. The behavioural model developed in the first part finally allows the simulation of the secure communication system
Bouilloc, Thomas. "Applications de décompositions tensorielles à l'identification de modèles de Volterra et aux systèmes de communication MIMO-CDMA." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4048.
This thesis concerns both the theoretical and constructive resolution of inverse problems for isotropic diffusion equation in planar domains, simply and doubly connected. From partial Cauchy boundary data (potential, flux), we look for those quantities on the remaining part of the boundary, where no information is available, as well as inside the domain. The proposed approach proceed by considering solutions to the diffusion equation as real parts of complex valued solutions to some conjugated Beltrami equation. These particular generalized analytic functions allow to introduce Hardy classes, where the inverse problems is stated as a best constrained approximation issue (bounded extremal problem), and thereby is regularized. Hence, existence and smoothness properties, together with density results of traces on the boundary, ensure well-posedness. An application is studied, to a free boundary problem for magnetically confined plasma in the tokamak Tore Supra (CEA-IRFM Caldarache). The resolution of the approximation problem on a suitable basis of functions (toroidal harmonics) lead to a qualification criterion for the estimated plasma boundary. A descent algorithm makes it decrease, and refines the estimations. The methods do not require any integration of the solution in the overall domain. It furnishes very accurate numerical results, and could be extended to other devices, like JET ou ITER
Amprimo, Olivier. "Les modèles de gestion des connaissances : analyse et essai d'élaboration d'un modèle contingent." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33021.
The author investigates the importance and role of knowledge in business before developing a model to cartography knowledge-related practices as well as people's conception of knowledge. It is based on the experience that many knowledge-oriented practices are already in place but no tools are available to get a coherent view of them. The author explains why knowledge is so difficult to manage and why it was not of prime importance for the business before. It also designs a knowledge-oriented epresentation of the firm. Academically, this work: 1. Opens a new way in the knowledge management field through management tools 2. Explicits conceptions on knowledge and favours the understanding of derived practices. 3. Enables a full cartography of the litterature on the topic. In the business, this work: 1. Contributes to a wider scope of interest to make decisions. 2. Enables a visualisation and a follow-up of knowledge-oriented practices. 3. Favours the development of more effective knowledge management strategy
Simatos, Florian. "Étude de modèles probabilistes de réseaux pair-à-pair et de réseaux avec mobilité." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005681.
Cesari, Giulia. "Modèles de théorie des jeux pour la formation de réseaux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED046/document.
This thesis deals with the theoretical analysis and the application of a new family of cooperative games, where the worth of each coalition can be computed from the contributions of single players via an additive operator describing how the individual abilities interact within groups. Specifically, we introduce a large class of games, namely the Generalized Additive Games, which encompasses several classes of cooperative games from the literature, and in particular of graph games, where a network describes the restriction of the interaction possibilities among players. Some properties and solutions of such class of games are studied, with the objective of providing useful tools for the analysis of known classes of games, as well as for the construction of new classes of games with interesting properties from a theoretic point of view. Moreover, we introduce a class of solution concepts for communication situations, where the formation of a network is described by means of an additive pattern, and in the last part of the thesis we present two approaches using our model to real-world problems described by graph games, in the fields of Argumentation Theory and Biomedicine
Owaida, Ahmad. "La compétence narrative écrite chez les étudiants saoudiens de français langue étrangère : modèles théoriques et propositions didactiques." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL447.
The course is focused principally on the study of the written narrative skills od saudi students learning french as a foreign language, more precisely, it is about analysing their ability to construct narratives from a given typology (four types of discourse), with a view to distinguishing between the different methods of constructing written narratives according to the intelligibilty of the linguistic content conveyed. The course is divided into two main sections. The first section presents the conceptual framework of narrative construction in the foreign language using different theoretical models of discourse analysis, the construction of written narrative and the criteria which make up the educational component, int the second section, the focus is on analytical approach. It include subsections on sociolinguistic and methodological aspects, the analysis of written narrative pieces and finally, the eductional proposals
Brée, Stéphane. "Etude multimodale de la co-construction du terrain commun au cours d'accompagnements individuels de demandeurs d'emploi." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1529.
Fontar, Barbara. "Modèles de la critique et "Arrêt sur images" : étude d'une entreprise critique comme activité sociale." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_fontar_b.pdf.
This study questions the television broadcast Arrêt sur Images (ASI) critical work within its three social spheres: conditions of production, discourse and reception in the mass media area. This is a socio-semiotic analysis of the ASI criticism based on established patterns of the social criticism. Considering that criticism cannot be reduced to an unique paradigm and comprises different dimensions, we developed six models of it (Koselleck, Montesquieu, Barthes, Bourdieu, Boltanski et Walzer), used as “ideal types” from which we examined Daniel Schneidermann's, the ASI anchorman, practice of criticism. Thus, this work analyzes criticisms made to mass media through a diachronic angle, Schneidermann's career history, the editing board's daily work, the semiotic artefact « Arrêt sur images » itself and questions the way mass media interpret Schneidermann's criticisms. Then, we notice that his critical activity in ASI is not a spontaneous phenomenon but lies on criticism traditions. Nevertheless, if the ASI critical work belongs to several models, Schneidermann is comparable to the critic in Walzer's one : a local judge who observes his fellow-citizens' practices, denounces them when city principles are disregarded and finally interpellate people on behalf of these city rules. This criticism and the role Schneidermann assigned to himself provoke rejection from the mass media. This reaction reveals the irritating side of criticism and how it is difficult for this sphere to accept judgments
Saad, Belaïd. "Intégration des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes distribués et sécurisés dans les systèmes d'aide à la décision à base de connaissances." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ012S/document.
A wide range of practical problems requires diversity of data representation and to develop models in which different data can be represented. In this thesis, we focus on the hybridization of two models: Expert System (ES) and Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP).The aim of our work is to propose a secure distributed system that allows integrating constraints in an inference engine.To reach this goal, on one hand we developed a communication tool that facilitates collaboration between ES and CSP. On the other hand, we designed an algorithm that allows communication between multiple entities in a distributed environment. Finally, one of our goals, not the least, is to protect private data of each entity. The thesis is composed of three main axes.The first priority is to develop a method of communication between the two models. First, we describe an automatic transformation procedure of the rule based expert system into the new dynamic CSP model called DDCSP (Dynamic Domain CSP) that we have designed. This procedure will automatically transform and inject the result of one of the two models as input to the other one. This process plays an essential role for collaboration based on the exchange of information.Our second axe proposes an algorithm based on the concept of cooperation and parallelism which provides a resolution distributed among several entities. Our approach is to build a ring of autonomous agents, each responsible for some of the variables and constraints of the problem. Each of these agents will initiate a process that explores a different branch of the search tree. Heuristics are proposed to ensure a diversification of exploration, in other words to prevent overlapping of the explored branches.Finally, we present a technique for securing this distributed algorithm based on a judicious use of the properties of asymmetric encryption to protect the confidentiality of instantiations. To perform an experimental validation of our work, an implementation in the programming languages C/C++ or Java is described in each of these three axes
Lewicki, Alexandre. "Conception de modèles haut niveau pour l'optimisation et la vérification de systèmes Bluetooth." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4110.
The different works conducted in this thesis were to design high level functional models that were used in a wireless system design flow. The MCSE methodology was followed to design those models and the results have been used for Bluetooth technology system design and verification. The first part of the work presents the MCSE methodology that has been used for the design of the models. Starting from the specification of a concrete use case, a temperature sensor, we designed a functional model of the system with successive refinement steps. The models were then translated in SystemC, a C++ library that allows describing both hardware and software parts of a system. The results of the exploitation of the models in a wireless network simulation can be used for protocol analysis, performance analysis and performance exploration. The second part of the work was to introduce the functional models in a hardware verification environment. Two different techniques for design engineers and verification engineers have been settled. This technique brings enhanced verification features with the possibility to write complex tests
Favret, Fabien. "Aide à la communication modeleurs-solveurs et contribution à l'analyse des systèmes techniques complexes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0429.
Moeller, Markus. "Les business modèles pour le commerce mobile : évaluation des stratégies business et des trajectoires technologiques." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090047.
The mobile Internet could be a new technology helping the firm to improve productivity. But mobile Internet technology, now being widely deployed, still lacks broad usage. The author’s thesis: firms will use mobile Internet technology only if it improves their productivity. His argument reveals four questions: (1) How can the firm evaluate mobile Internet technology? (2) What determines the use in the perspective of the firm? (3) Do standards of implementation exist? (4) Are there business cases of mobile Internet technology use in the firm? These questions are being answered by a thorough observation of the firm’s practice
El, Jed Mehdi. "Interactions sociales en univers virtuel : Modèles pour une interaction située." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144856.
Dans notre approche, chaque utilisateur contrôle son propre avatar (représentation de l'utilisateur dans l'environnement virtuel) et peut prendre des décisions selon ses propres perceptions, son expertise et historique. La problématique de recherche devient donc d'offrir une solution pour maintenir un contexte d'interaction 'riche' lors de la collaboration.
Nous proposons des solutions qui permettent d'enrichir l'interaction sociale en univers virtuel. D'une part, l'interface proposée permet aux interactants d'exploiter leurs références indexicales (par exemple pointer de la main des objets de l'univers, orienter le regard vers une direction, etc.). D'autre part, notre modèle d'interaction sociale permet de produire automatiquement des comportements chez les avatars qui soient pertinents par rapport au contexte de l'interaction (par exemple distribuer le regard vers ses interlocuteurs, regarder les autres avatars en marchant, effectuer des expressions gestuelles en parlant, etc.).
Nous proposons également un modèle émotionnel pour simuler les états internes des personnages virtuels en interaction.
Ces modèles s'intègrent dans une architecture multi-agents capable de fusionner de façon 'réaliste' les actions intentionnelles décidées par l'acteur humain et les comportements non-intentionnels (produits par le modèle d'interaction sociale) comme les gestes, postures, expressions émotionnelles qui dépendent du contexte dans lequel évoluent les avatars.
Diard, Michel. "Le groupe LAGARDERE face aux mutations des industries de la culture et de la communication." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD039/document.
The Lagardère group has undergone dramatic changes from the days of the ‘Librairie Hachette’ to those of the Lagardère group. The conglomerate born from the merger* between Hachette and Matra has now given up all its high-tech, transport and automotive activities. This thesis aims at uncovering the evidence of the successive steps in the transformation of the group in order to highlight the roots of its strategic choices and to shed light on its current position among cultural industries. It also aims at analysing the conditions of the financialisation of the group, its technological development and its strategies regarding the communication industries. The activities of and changes undergone by each of the current branches of the group -namely Lagardère Publishing (book publishing), Lagardère Active (press, radio, television, audio-visual production, digital media and advertising), Lagardère Services (distribution and retail networks in transport areas) and Lagardère Unlimited (entertainment and sports rights marketing)- are studied separately here, thus allowing to analyse their specificities and strategies, compared to each of their respective competitors. Finally, this thesis analyses how the various Lagardère strategies question the theories about the cultural industries
Charton, Romaric. "Des agents intelligents dans un environnement de communication multimédia : vers la conception de services adaptatifs." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10174.
This thesis describes our works on interaction policies for heterogeneous multiagent systems (hMAS), where human beings are placed in the system, and their application for providing multimedia communication services adaptation. To deal with agent heterogeneity, our solution proposes to insert a mediator in the system. We have defined a model where agents assume generic roles that can be assembled to build service classes. A service arises from a collaboration that satisfies a subset of agents. In order to define the behavior of the agents, we have considered different kinds of planning and chosen to use reinforcement learning in Markov Decision Processes (MDP). We have also studied user modeling and interaction monitoring for the adaptation to other agents and to execution hazards. The thesis details the specification of a mediator that is able to help a user in an information retrieval service. It also presents our architecture with four abstraction levels and a software library that we have implemented to build and execute adaptive services
Fasquelle, Lydie. "TMPRSS3 dont les mutations sont responsables des surdités humaines DFNB8/10, joue un rôle crucial dans la survie des cellules sensorielles lors de l'entrée en fonction cochléaire : caractérisation du modèle animal et identification des voies de signalisation impliquées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T026.
TMPRSS3 is a type II serine protease mutated in human DFNB8/10 deafness. In order to determine the role of this protein in the cochlear physiology, we generated a mutant mice and phenotyped it. We found that homozygous mutant mice are profoundly deaf, due to a rapid and drastic degeneration of cochlear sensory cells at the onset of hearing. In order to decipher the molecular mechanism leading to sensory cells degeneration, we compared the cochlear proteome of wild type and homozygous mice using 2-dimensions gels. Then, we analyzed variant spots using mass spectrometry. Using bioinformatics, we clustered the protein in signaling pathways. We focused on the network centered on BK potassium channel because this channel appears at the onset of hearing, the time when sensory cells degenerate. Using immunohistochemistry and patch-clamp techniques, we were able to show that in the absence of a functional Tmprss3, membranous expression and activity of BK channel are altered in cochlear sensory cells. The original finding of our work is that a serine protease is able to modulate BK potassium channel
Suvorov, Anton. "Essays on Information Transmission in Principal-Agent Models." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10051.
The first chapter explores the "hidden costs of rewards" in a dynamic informed-principal framework. It shows that rewards are "addictive" : once offered, a contingent reward makes the agent expect it in the future. In a long-term relationship there is a two-sided ratchet effect : the principal is concerned about creating addiction for the agent, whereas the agent does not want to appear too enthusiastic. The second chapter suggests a rationale for paying discretionary bonuses in finitely repeated principal-agent interactions. If the principal cannot commit to contingent rewards, he may still pay discretionary bonuses to give the agent credible feedback about his performance. The third chapter investigates the credibility of advice of a broker, who mediates trade between a seller and a buyer and is partially informed about the buyer's valuation. We derive the optimal direct mechanism maximizing the broker's profit, and investigate information transmission in a decentralized mode
Atkinson, Gordon. "Communication factuelle et évocations symboliques dans l'action du message publicitaire : une application au marché du vin." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE007.
Nony, Jean-Charles. "Effets des représentations et des modèles de références sur les capacités des élèves de l'école élémentaire à produire des textes écrits." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39006.
Writing is certainly the most intricate language activity, that is why at school the problem of acquiring writing skiffs arises soon and, as a result, the methods to teach and learn such skills come to the fore. The step-by-step analysis of the enquiries which have been carried out with year- 6 pupils and their teachers helps to highlight the mental images they conjure up in relation to writing activities in general and to their own writing skills. Such mental imagery as well as the wide range of patterns that teachers refer to during their lessons are likely to modify the pupils' ability to produce written texts. The study of various teaching situations and the linguistic analysis of written tasks enable the observer to make comparisons and to assess the impact of such modifications
Brun, Olivier. "Analyse et optimisation de performance des réseaux de communication." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728757.
Mbatika, Karen. "Le nouveau modèle d'excellence en relations publiques : caractérisation et perspectives critiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18497.
Le, Gall Quentin. "Crowd-networking : modèles de percolation pour la connectivité Device-to-Device en environnement urbain, et conséquences économiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLE001.
The fifth generation of cellular networks is expected to provide coverage for an unprecedented number of devices over large areas. One of the main paradigms investigated to address this challenge, called Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, consists in allowing for short-range direct communications between network devices. An application of significant economic interest for operators is the one of the uberisation of networks, where an operator having no (or very few) network infrastructure could build a mobile network relying only on its end-devices (users). In this thesis, we study new mathematical models of D2D networks in urban environments. We see the street system of a city as a planar Poisson-Voronoi tessellation (PVT). Network users are given by a Cox process supported by the edges of the PVT while additional network relays are given by a Bernoulli process on the vertices of the PVT. The network is then modelled by a connectivity graph as follows: vertices are the atoms of both these processes and fixed-range connections between them possible only along the PVT edges or between network nodes located on adjacent PVT edges. Percolation of this random graph (existence of an infinite connected component with positive probability) is interpreted as good connectivity of the network. Using renormalisation techniques, we prove the existence of phase transitions between different connectivity regimes, in particular those where percolation can be solely ensured by the relays or, on the contrary, where a sufficient density of users is essential. Performing numerical simulations with original path-finding algorithms, we estimate critical parameters (e.g. the density of relays and users) allowing for good connectivity of the network. Finally, we also introduce appropriate cost models and use our numerical estimates to study the economic feasibility of uberisation scenarios of telecommunications networks
Bocquet, Aurelien. "Infrastructure logicielle multi-modèles pour l'accès à des servcies en mobilité." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357495.
Face à ces besoins, les intergiciels proposent des modèles de programmation et de communication différents, fournissant des moyens de communication efficaces dans certaines situations.
La mobilité introduit une problématique supplémentaire pour ces intergiciels. D'une part l'interopérabilité devient inévitable ; le nombre de composants répartis susceptibles d'être utilisés en mobilité est immense, et les composants peuvent être développés avec différents intergiciels. D'autre part le contexte varie, et avec lui les conditions et capacités de communication évoluent.
Nous traitons dans cette thèse des impératifs actuels d'un intergiciel en mobilité. Nous proposons pour cela une approche multi-modèles, basée sur les travaux actuels dans ce domaine, et présentant des concepts novateurs.
Cette approche se compose d'un modèle de programmation générique, proposant différents types de communications synchrones, asynchrones, et basées sur des patrons de conception. Elle se compose également d'une combinaison de modèles de communication, assurant l'interopérabilité avec les intergiciels standards, et offrant des possibilités de communications enrichies, capables de s'adapter aux changements de contextes.
Des politiques d'adaptation définissent les règles de combinaison des modèles en fonction d'observations du contexte, afin de se comporter au mieux face à ses évolutions.
Des mécanismes d'adaptation dynamique permettent à notre approche de proposer une prise en compte en temps réel des changements de contexte, et permettent également de reconfigurer le système pendant son exécution afin de répondre à des besoins de déploiement.
Nous avons validé notre approche au travers d'une application concrète aux problèmes engendrés par l'utilisation d'un proxy Internet à bord des trains : le développement d'un greffon multi-modèles a illustré et justifié notre approche, et l'évaluation de ce greffon a montré les bénéfices de celle-ci face aux changements de contexte.
Pour implémenter entièrement notre approche et proposer ainsi un intergiciel multi-modèles, nous avons conçu et développé notre infrastructure logicielle multi-modèles, proposant tous les concepts de l'approche. Une première version "statique" puis une version finale offrant les mécanismes d'adaptation dynamique ont été implémentées et permettent ainsi de profiter des bénéfices de notre approche multi-modèles.