Дисертації з теми "Modèles à base d'énergies"
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Guillon, Damien. "Étude des mécanismes d'absorption d'énergie lors de l'écrasement progressif de structures composites à base de fibre de carbone." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0011.
Mabon, Jules. "Apprentissage de modèles de géométrie stochastique et réseaux de neurones convolutifs. Application à la détection d'objets multiples dans des jeux de données aérospatiales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4116.
Unmanned aerial vehicles and low-orbit satellites, including CubeSats, are increasingly used for wide-area surveillance, generating substantial data for processing. Satellite imagery acquisition is susceptible to atmospheric disruptions, occlusions, and limited resolution, resulting in limited visual data for small object detection. However, the objects of interest (e.g., small vehicles) are unevenly distributed in the image: there are some priors on the structure of the configurations.In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) models have excelled at extracting information from images, especially texture details. Yet, modeling object interactions requires a significant increase in model complexity and parameters. CNN models generally treat interaction as a post-processing step.In contrast, point processes aim to simultaneously model each point's likelihood in relation to the image (data term) and their interactions (prior term). Most point process models rely on contrast measures (foreground vs. background) for their data terms, which work well with clearly contrasted objects and minimal background clutter. However, small vehicles in satellite images exhibit varying contrast levels and a diverse range of background and false alarm objects.In this PhD thesis, we propose harnessing CNN models information extraction abilities in combination with point process interaction models, using CNN outputs as data terms. Additionally, we introduce a unified method for estimating point process model parameters. Our model demonstrates excellent performance on multiple remote sensing datasets, providing geometric regularization and enhanced noise robustness, all with a minimal parameter footprint
Laurencelle, François. "Étude d'un système d'énergies renouvelables à base d'hydrogène." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2787/1/000681120.pdf.
Weibel, Thomas. "Modèles de minimisation d'énergies discrètes pour la cartographie cystoscopique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866824.
Weibel, Thomas. "Modèles de minimisation d'énergies discrètes pour la cartographie cystoscopique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0070.
The aim of this thesis is to facilitate bladder cancer diagnosis. The reference clinical examination is cystoscopy, where an endoscope, inserted into the bladder, allows to visually explore the organ's internal walls on a monitor. The main restriction is the small field of view (FOV) of the instrument, which complicates lesion diagnosis, follow-up and treatment traceability.In this thesis, we propose robust and accurate algorithms to create two- and three-dimensional large FOV maps from cystoscopic video-sequences. Based on recent advances in the field of discrete energy minimization, we propose transformation-invariant cost functions, which allow to robustly register image pairs, related by large viewpoint changes, with sub-pixel accuracy. The transformations linking such image pairs, which current state-of-the-art bladder image registration techniques are unable to robustly estimate, are required to construct maps with several overlapping image trajectories. We detect such overlapping trajectories automatically and perform non-linear global map correction. Finally, the proposed energy minimization based map compositing algorithm compensates small texture misalignments and attenuates strong exposure differences. The obtained textured maps are composed by a maximum of information/quality available from the redundant data of the video-sequence. We evaluate the proposed methods both quantitatively and qualitatively on realistic phantom and clinical data sets. The results demonstrate the robustness of the algorithms, and the obtained maps outperform state-of-the-art approaches in registration accuracy and global map coherence
Bensmaine, Fayçal. "Modélisation et commande d'un système de stockage d'énergie à base de supercondensateur pour l'hybridation des groupes électrogènes." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2341.
The research in this thesis are part of study and control of a new concept of hybrid generator to reduce the power of the diesel engine (downsizing) in order to save fuel and improve the behavior of the synchronous generator during transients. The adopted solution is to place in parallel with the synchronous generator an energy storage system. The latter consists of an inverter with a super capacitor on the DC bus. The aim of the thesis was to scale the entire supercapacitor / static converter and to develop a control law having the best performance with the best compromise between the energy exchanged in the supercapacitor, efficiency, the group speed and voltage amplitude of the generator. A feedback control condition with integration of the deviation using LMI's approach has been established for the synthesis of loop current regulators from the inverter.A second control law was developed to regulate the variable voltage across the supercapacitor. A simulator combining generator and storage system has been developed to test these commands.All validations were made on an experimental test rig specifically developed for this thesis. The tests were conducted with an electric drive motor in the test platform of the LIAS and with a diesel in that of the Leroy Somer Motors company.Finally, experimental tests have highlighted the significant contribution of this hybridization on the diesel speed variationsand on the terminal voltage of the alternator during impact or load shedding
Olivier, Pierre. "Estimation de performances et de consommation énergétique de systèmes de stockage à base de mémoire flash dans les systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS346/document.
Controlling and optimizing embedded system performance and power consumption is critical. In this context, estimation techniques are used when performing measurement campaigns is difficult due to time or financial constraints. This work targets the performance and power consumption evaluation of the secondary storage service in an embedded operating system using NAND flash memory. One way to manage flash memory is to used dedicated Flash File Systems (FFS). One can observe a lack of work in the literature concerning FFS performance and power consumption estimation techniques.The contributions presented in this thesis rely on a three steps performance and power consumption modeling methodology. During the exploration phase, we identify through micro-benchmarking the main elements of a FFS based system impacting performance and power consumption of the embedded system. In the modeling phase, this impact is represented by building models of various types. The main models types are the functional, performance and power consumption models. Models parameters are extracted through measurements on a real platform. During the simulation phase the models are implemented in a simulator. This tool allows obtaining performance and power consumption estimations concerning a flash-based storage system processing a given I/O workload
Legsai-Talmi, Ghizlane. "Calcul de géométries et d'énergies moléculaires par mécanique moléculaire : programmes satellites du programme EMO, volume moléculaire, paramétrisation des métaux." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30027.
Roth, Anastasia. "Développement de méthodologies génériques pour la conception optimale et durable des parcs hybrides d'énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0036/document.
Sustainable growth issues and climate change imply to shift our society organisation towards new paradigms. In the energy sector, it is illustrated by an energy transition via renewables. Within this context and the support of the company VALOREM, we propose a methodology for the sustainable development and design of renewable infrastructures. By using a Model Driven Engineering approach, we were able to adopt several viewpoints on renewable energy issues, while keeping a consistent scientific approach. First of all, from a holistic stance, we developed a conceptual framework for land settlement development process. Thanks to its modelling with UML2 and a methodology to assess the sustainability of processes, it can be used to analyse the trajectory of sociotechnical systems. The framework was tested on two case studies: the success of El Hierro hydrowind power plant implementation in Canary Islands and the failure of the Sivens dam project in the south of France. Their comparison shows that implication of stakeholders at all stages of the development process is crucial for the success of the project. We further propose to implement the conceptual framework as a software tool for the monitoring of land settlement project in real time, with the help of artificial intelligence concepts. However, this proposition was deemed not in line with Valorem’s priorities and we decided to focus on a technical instantiation of the framework for Hybride Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), which design and operation are part of VALOREM’s activity. As, the energy transition implies to change the electrical system model from a centralized to a decentralized one, there exists a need for a grassroots sizing tool for identifying new HRES opportunities. A software prototype for the grassroot optimal design of HRES was developed, offering flexibility in terms of modelling, setting constraints and defining objective functions. It is coded in C++ and based on linear programming model. We showed its relevance on four HRES case studies: two related to electricity market and two for self-supply of energy (one isolated and the other grid-connected). The results show that battery costs are too high to be profitable in HRES and that grid-connected systems seems to be a good alternative. Finally, we carried out an environmental impact assessment of several sources of electricity production to find out which are the “cleaner” ones. The results show that biomass, wind turbines and ground PV are those that should be considered for a sustainable energy transition. In the conclusion, we step back to a more complex viewpoint and develop perspectives to model human interactions within territory development process
Grignard, Arnaud. "Modèles de visualisation à base d'agents." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066268/document.
Information visualization is the study of interactive visual representations of abstract data to reinforce human cognition. It is very closely associated with data mining issues which allow to explore, understand and analyze phenomena, systems or data masses whose complexity continues to grow today. However, most existing visualization techniques are not suited to the exploration and understanding of datasets that consist of a large number of individual data from heterogeneous sources that share many properties with what are commonly called "complex systems". The reason is often the use of monolithic and centralized approaches. This situation is reminiscent of the modeling of complex systems (social sciences, chemistry, ecology, and many other fields) before progress represented by the generalization of agent-based approaches twenty years ago. In this thesis, I defend the idea that the same approach can be applied with the same success to the field of information visualization. By starting from the now commonly accepted idea that the agent-based models offer appropriate representations the complexity of a real system, I propose to use an approach based on the definition of agent-based visualization models to facilitate visual representation of complex data and to provide innovative support which allows to explore, programmatically and visually, their underlying dynamics. Just like their software counterparts, agent-based visualization models are composed of autonomous graphical entities that can interact and organize themselves, learn from the data they process and as a result adapt their behavior and visual representations. By providing a user the ability to describe visualization tasks in this form, my goal is to allow them to benefit from the flexibility, modularity and adaptability inherent in agent-based approaches. These concepts have been implemented and experimented on the GAMA modeling and simulation platform in which I developed a 3D immersive environment offering the user different point of views and way to interact with agents. Their implementation is validated on models chosen for their properties, supports a linear progression in terms of complexity, allowing us to highlight the concepts of flexibility, modularity and adaptability. Finally, I demonstrate through the particular case of data visualization, how my approach allows, in real time, to represent, to clarify, or even discover their dynamics and how that progress in terms of visualization can contributing,in turn, to improve the modeling of complex systems
Grignard, Arnaud. "Modèles de visualisation à base d'agents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066268.
Information visualization is the study of interactive visual representations of abstract data to reinforce human cognition. It is very closely associated with data mining issues which allow to explore, understand and analyze phenomena, systems or data masses whose complexity continues to grow today. However, most existing visualization techniques are not suited to the exploration and understanding of datasets that consist of a large number of individual data from heterogeneous sources that share many properties with what are commonly called "complex systems". The reason is often the use of monolithic and centralized approaches. This situation is reminiscent of the modeling of complex systems (social sciences, chemistry, ecology, and many other fields) before progress represented by the generalization of agent-based approaches twenty years ago. In this thesis, I defend the idea that the same approach can be applied with the same success to the field of information visualization. By starting from the now commonly accepted idea that the agent-based models offer appropriate representations the complexity of a real system, I propose to use an approach based on the definition of agent-based visualization models to facilitate visual representation of complex data and to provide innovative support which allows to explore, programmatically and visually, their underlying dynamics. Just like their software counterparts, agent-based visualization models are composed of autonomous graphical entities that can interact and organize themselves, learn from the data they process and as a result adapt their behavior and visual representations. By providing a user the ability to describe visualization tasks in this form, my goal is to allow them to benefit from the flexibility, modularity and adaptability inherent in agent-based approaches. These concepts have been implemented and experimented on the GAMA modeling and simulation platform in which I developed a 3D immersive environment offering the user different point of views and way to interact with agents. Their implementation is validated on models chosen for their properties, supports a linear progression in terms of complexity, allowing us to highlight the concepts of flexibility, modularity and adaptability. Finally, I demonstrate through the particular case of data visualization, how my approach allows, in real time, to represent, to clarify, or even discover their dynamics and how that progress in terms of visualization can contributing,in turn, to improve the modeling of complex systems
Maupetit, Julien. "Génération ab initio de modèles protéiques à partir de représentations discrètes des protéines et de critères d'énergie simplifiés." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077194.
In a post-genomic context, plenty of proteins identified by their sequence have no experimentally resolved structure, and fall out the range of application of comparative modelling methods. The goal of my PHD thesis has been to explore a new de novo protein structure prediction approach. Thus approach is based on the concept of structural alphabet, i. E. Of a local description of protein architecture by using a small number of prototype conformations. Starting from the amino acids sequence of the protein to model, we have developed a candidate fragments prediction method covering mode than 98. 6% of the protein structure with an average length of 6. 7 residues. This set of predicted fragments can approximate the protein structures with a precision of less than 2. 2 angströms. A greedy algorithm have been developed in the laboratory to assemble fragments. The OPEP force field has been optimized and then implemented in the greedy assembling procedure to evaluate the relevance of the generated models. Our participation to the CASP7 experiment came out some weaknesses of the method. For now, the improvement of the OPEP force field and the fragment assembly procedure leeds us to generate, in some cases, models as relevant or better than other famous protein structure prediction servers
Fadiga, Lamine. "Commande h∞ à base de modèles non entiers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0090/document.
The general theme of the work enables to extend H∞ control methodology to fractional order models. Two approaches are proposed. The first one consists in rewriting the fractional order model as an uncertain integer order model in order to use existing H∞ control methods for integer order models. The second approach consists in developing specific LMI conditions for fractional order models based on their pseudo state space representation. These two approaches are applied to the vibratory isolation of a bridge
Bagga, Mohamed Walid. "Cryptographie à base de politiques : théorie et applications." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0035.
Identity-based cryptography’ is one of the most popular topics addressed by the cryptographic research community in the last five years. As can be guessed from the name, the notion of ‘identity’ is central to identity-based cryptographic primitives. In general, identity is not sufficient for authorization and trust establishment, especially in the context of large-scale open environments like the Internet, where interactions often occur between parties with no pre-existing familiarity of one another. An increasingly popular approach to determining the trustworthiness of the interacting entities consists in using policies fulfilled by digital credentials. In this thesis, we present a new concept in cryptography, called ‘policy-based cryptography’, which allows to perform cryptographic operations with respect to policies fulfilled by digital credentials. Intuitively, a policy-based encryption scheme allows to encrypt a message with respect to a policy so that only an entity that is compliant with the policy can decrypt the message. Similarly, a policy-based signature scheme allows to generate a signature on a message with respect to a policy so that the signature is valid if and only if it was generated by an entity that is compliant with the policy. We present three policy-based cryptographic primitives from bilinear pairings over elliptic curves and prove their security under well-defined security models. We further illustrate the usefulness of our concept through the description of application scenarios in the contexts of access control, privacy policy enforcement, establishment of ad-hoc communities, automated trust negotiation and proxy certification
Sossa, Humberto. "Reconnaissance d'objets polyédriques par indexation dans une base de modèles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341784.
El, Harabi Rafika. "Supervision des processus chimiques à base de modèles Bond Graphs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10074/document.
The proposed Ph.D. thesis deals with integrated design of bond graph model based for health monitoring of chemical processes. This research work is performed within the framework of the topic “Bond graphs for supervision of energetic processes" developed between the University of Gabés (Tunisia) and “Polytech’Lille”, the Engineering School within the University of Science and Technology of Lille. The chemical processes are polluting processes and with risk. They need, for staff safety and environmental protection, online surveillance for early detection and the identification of the failures. chemical processes occur phenomena of various nature: chemical and or biochemical, thermo-fluidic… Their modeling requires a unified approach. The Bond graph as a multidisciplinary tool is well suited to this task.Furthermore, this tool can be used also for the design of diagnosis algorithms thanks to its behavioral, causal and structural properties, and allows providing structural diagnosability conditions of the pertinent equipment without numerical calculation. The main scientific contributions of this research can be summarized as follows: (i)elaboration of a data base of dynamic bond graph models of components and chemical phenomena, (ii) methodology of bond graph model based diagnosis for systematic generation of fault indicators sensitive to the appearance of the secondary reactions source of pollution and explosion, (iii) robust diagnosis based on coupled uncertain bond graph model, (iv) computerization of the diagnosability analysis procedures applied to a class of a chemical process, (v) application to a real process (installation of esterification)
Roué, Séverine. "Nouveaux modèles de fils et de diodes moléculaires à base d'organofers." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10113.
Messai, Nadhir. "Surveillance du trafic urbain et interurbain à base de modèles neuronaux." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2033.
The minimization of the effects of the nonrecurring congestions is a capital challenge that the management traffic centres try to raise using traffic monitoring tools. However, the algorithms employed are generally based on some heuristics and they are incompatible with the operational constraints of exploitation. This work presents a monitoring approach based on neural networks models and gives some arguments in favour of the use of neural networks (NN) for traffic modelling and monitoring. In the context of traffic modelling, NN are used in a simple and systematic way to extract fundamental diagrams (DF) which do not require any calibration effort. In addition, we formulate initialization algorithms which avoid the convergence towards local minima which are very far away from the global minimum. NN are also employed as models that predict the traffic flow. This modelling approach, which is based on a systematic validation procedure, has the advantage to keep away from the theoretical and the experimental difficulties related to the validation of the existing models. Once the modelling phase is achieved, we were interested in the monitoring problems. In this context, we propose, in a first stage, an algorithm based on the static model (DF). The incidents detection results from a segmentation of the space debit/density in four areas and the classification of the measured data in one of these areas. In order to take the edge off the limitations of this static algorithm, we were interested in a monitoring approach, which is based on the analysis of residues resulting from the comparison of real data with those obtained from the prediction model. Furthermore, we develop an alternative procedure which mixes four recurring networks. Lastly, the problem of traffic supervision on a network is tackled. Modular and hierarchical schemas which deal with this difficulty are proposed. These schemas are based on Petri nets and they have the potential to allow a temporal and a spatial observation of incidents and congestions propagations. The modeling and monitoring proposed approaches are tested and compared on two real systems: an urban crossroads of the town of Nancy and a portion of the Californian freeway I-880
Elouali, Nadia. "Approche à base de modèles pour la construction d’applications mobiles multimodales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10084/document.
Today, smartphones present a great variety of features and embed an important number of sensors (accelerometer, touchscreen, light sensor, orientation sensor…). Created for giving context-aware abilities, these sensors also allow new types of interaction like shaking the phone or changing its orientation. Such type of interaction reduces limitation of mobile phones and paves the way to a great expansion of multimodal mobile interactions. Unfortunately, the current context of mobile software development makes difficult the development of multimodal applications. In this thesis, we intend to help developers to deal with this difficulty by providing a mode-lbased solution that aims to facilitate the development of multimodal mobile interfaces. We adopt the principles of the Model Driven Engineering (MDE), which is particularly fitted for such context. Our proposition includes M4L (Mobile MultiModality Modeling Language) modeling language to model the (input/output) multimodal interactions and the MIMIC (MobIle MultImodality Creator) framework that allows the graphical modeling and automatic generation of multimodal mobile interfaces. Our approach respects the main criteria of the MDE in order to define an efficient model-based approach. The results of our evaluations suggest that using our approach facilitates the development of sensor-based multimodal mobile interfaces. With our contributions, we aim to facilitate the penetration of multimodal applications and benefit from their advantages
Ponchateau, Cyrille. "Conception et exploitation d'une base de modèles : application aux data sciences." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0005/document.
It is common practice in experimental science to use time series to represent experimental results, that usually come as a list of values in chronological order (indexed by time) and generally obtained via sensors connected to the studied physical system. Those series are analyzed to obtain a mathematical model that allow to describe the data and thus to understand and explain the behavio rof the studied system. Nowadays, storage and analyses technologies for time series are numerous and mature, but the storage and management technologies for mathematical models and their linking to experimental numerical data are both scarce and recent. Still, mathematical models have an essential role to play in the interpretation and validation of experimental results. Consequently, an adapted storage system would ease the management and re-usability of mathematical models. This work aims at developing a models database to manage mathematical models and provide a “query by data” system, to help retrieve/identify a model from an experimental time series. In this work, I will describe the conception (from the modeling of the system, to its software architecture) of the models database and its extensions to allow the “query by data”. Then, I will describe the prototype of models database,that I implemented and the results obtained by tests performed on the latter
Zaraket, Toufic. "Stochastic activity-based approach of occupant-related energy consumption in residential buildings." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0033/document.
Résumé en Anglais : The building sector is considered as a major energy consumer and pollution source among all economic sectors. It accounts for important shares, ranging between 16 and 50 percent, of national energy consumption worldwide. Reducing these consumptions and emissions is thus an important step towards sustainable development. Recently, the shift towards constructing low-consuming and nearly zero-energy buildings lead to further requirements with regard to performance and sustainability, and thus caused the design process of buildings to be more complex. Occupants’ behavior is now considered as a key determinant of building’s energy performance especially in the case of green buildings. Yet, energy simulation tools used in buildings industry nowadays are not capable of providing accurate estimations of occupant-related energy demands. Therefore, buildings and energy experts are devoting considerable efforts on developing more precise methods for modeling and forecasting occupants influence on whole building performance. Such models can provide accurate energy estimates and can assess future consumption variability. Consequently, building experts may improve their technical solutions, ameliorate their service performances, and promote targeted incentives. The objective of this dissertation is to propose a model for forecasting occupant-related energy consumption in residential buildings, while accounting for variability in consumption patterns due to diversity in occupants’ socio-demographic and economic profiles. A stochastic activity-based approach is thus adopted. By activity-based, it means that energy consumption of a household is estimated by summing up the energy use of different activities performed (such as cooking, washing clothes, etc.). The stochastic nature of the model is due to the probabilistic mapping established between household attributes from one side (household type, number of occupants, etc.) and the corresponding appliance ownership, appliance characteristics and power rating, and activity quantities from the other side. In order to establish these stochastic relations, a fairly sufficient number of households’ characterizing attributes is taken into account. The proposed model is applied for two domestic activities, namely watching TV and washing laundry. Three types of Monte Carlo simulations are performed to provide energy estimates for these two activities: for a given specified household, for randomly generated households with constraints, and for totally random population-wise households. A comparison between model’s simulation results and real measured energy consumption data enables validating the model for the two considered activities. A generalization framework of the modeling approach for other domestic activities is sketched, and its possible integration into buildings design process is discussed and illustrated through a number of examples
Sandoval, Moreno John Anderson. "Contribution à la coordination de commandes MPC pour systèmes distribués appliquée à la production d'énergie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT092/document.
This thesis is mainly about coordination of distributed systems, with a special attention to multi-energy electric power generation ones. For purposes of optimality, as well as constraint enforcement, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is chosen as the underlying tool, while wind turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic panels, and hydroelectric plants are mostly considered as power sources to be controlled and coordinated. In the first place, an application of MPC to a micro-grid system is proposed, illustrating how to ensure appropriate performance for each generator and support units. In this context, a special attention is paid to the maximum power production by a wind turbine, via an original observer-based control when no wind speed measurement is available. Then, the principles of distributed-coordinated control, when considering an MPC-based formulation, are considered for the context of larger scale systems. Here, a new approach for price-driven coordination with constraints is proposed for the management of local MPC controllers, each of them being associated to one power generation unit typically. In addition, the computation of invariant sets is used for the performance analysis of the closed- loop control system, for both centralized MPC and price-driven coordination schemes. Finally, a couple of case studies in the field of power generation systems is included, illustrating the relevance of the proposed coordination control strategy
Shabou, Aymen. "Minimisation multi-étiquette d'énergies markoviennes par coupe-minimum sur graphe : application à la reconstruction de la phase interférométrique en imagerie RSO." Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00565362.
The MRF in computer vision and image analysis is a powerful framework for solving complex problems using the MAP estimation. However, some image processing problems deal with high dimensional data and require non-convex MRF energy functions. Thus, optimization process becomes a hard task. The first contribution of this thesis is developing new efficient optimization algorithms for the class of the first order multi-label MRF energies with any likelihood terms and convex prior. The proposed algorithms rely on the graph-cut technique, and iterative strategies based on large and multi-label partition moves. These algorithms offer a trade-off between optimum quality and algorithm complexity. The main application of this work is the digital elevation model (DEM) estimation using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. This problem is usually considered as a complex and an ill-posed one, because of the high noise rate affecting interferograms and the complex structures qualifying real natural and urban area. So, the second contribution of this work is developing new MRF models relying on the multichannel interferometric likelihood density function and the total variation regularization. Appropriate optimization algorithms are then proposed. The new approach is applied to synthetic and real InSAR data showing better performances than the state of the art techniques
Shabou, Aymen. "Minimisation multi-étiquette d'énergies markoviennes par coupe-minimum sur graphe : application à la reconstruction de la phase interférométrique en imagerie RSO." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00565362.
Jacques, Julien. "Contribution à l'apprentissage statistique à base de modèles génératifs pour données complexes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761184.
Gaétane, Ceglia. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux modèles à base d'émulsions contrôlées." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731266.
Abdul, Ghafour Samer. "Interopérabilité sémantique des connaissances des modèles de produits à base de features." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688098.
Rahal, Mohamed Ilyas. "Génération d'algorithmes de diagnostic robustes à base de modèles bond graph hybrides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10029/document.
The present PH.D thesis deals with integrated design of robust Fault Detection and Isolation system (FDI) based on Hybrid Bond Graph (HBG) in Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT) form. Based on consulted literature about hybrid systems, each operating mode is mainly modelled by specific model for which are generated determinist fault indicators. The innovative interest of developed research can be summarized as follows: (1) use only one HBG uncertain model based on controlled junctions and representing all operating modes, (2) structural and causal properties of the LFT HBG are exploited for systematic generation of Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (GARRs), and detection thresholds, robust to parameter uncertainties, and (3) finally use of only one tool: the Diagnosis Hybrid Bond Graph (DHBG) for not only modelling but also for online surveillance. The developed approach is illustrated by electrical circuit pedagogical example and application to hydraulic system
Trojet, Mohamed Wassim. "Approche de vérification formelle des modèles DEVS à base du langage Z." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30040.
The general framework of the thesis consists in improving the verification and the validation of simulation models through the integration of formal methods. We offered an approach of formal verification of DEVS models based on Z language. DEVS is a formalism that allows the description and analysis of the behavior of discrete event systems, ie systems whose state change depends on the occurrence of an event. A DEVS model is essentially validated by the simulation which permits to verify if it correctly describes the behavior of the system. However, the simulation does not detect the presence of a possible inconsistency in the model (conflict, ambiguity or incompleteness). For this reason, we have integrated a formal specification language, known as Z, in the DEVS formalism. This integration consists in: (1) transforming a DEVS model into an equivalent Z specification and (2) verifying the consistency of the resulting specification using the tools developed by the Z community. Thus, a DEVS model is subjected to an automatic formal verification before its simulation
Ceglia, Gaétane. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux modèles à base d’émulsions contrôlées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14462/document.
Polymer foams are cellular materials commonly used for safety applications in many industrial sectors (aeronautic, passive safety, gears…). To even improve their performances, the link between their structural parameters (cell sizes, density...) and their mechanical behaviour should be better understood and modelled. A way of producing such foams is to polymerize the continuous phase of highly concentrated emulsions. The advantage of such an emulsion-based strategy is that it becomes possible to take advantage of the good control over emulsion parameters (drop size, dispersed phase volume fraction, continuous phase composition) to elaborate model foams with cells and pores having narrow size distributions. The production of model foams makes it possible to determine independently the influence of each parameter on the compression modulus and to compare the results with existing models
Adrot, Olivier. "Diagnostic à base de modèles incertains utilisant l'analyse par intervalles : l'approche borante." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL121N.
Abakar, Adam Omar. "Elaboration, structuration et propriétés rhéologiques de nanocomposites polymères modèles à base de Laponite." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756711.
Calvez, Benoît. "Le calibrage de modèles à base d'agents pour la simulation de systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422236.
Sifi, Mohcine. "Diagnostic à base de modèles non linéaires. : Application au circuit carburant d'une turbomachine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0054/document.
The current gas turbine regulation systems are based on complex architectures that manufacturers tend to make more modular with more cost effective technologies while ensuring a greater or equal level of reliability. In this context, the fuel system health monitoring, which aims to identify critical hydraulic components dysfunction, allows to reduce maintenance costs, to improve maintainability level and to ensure gas turbine availability. The present study focuses on the development of performant and robust diagnosis methods for the detection and isolation of faults affecting primary fuel system hydraulic functions. Existing nonlinear model based residual generation methods are presented and applied to the fuel system. The analytical approach for decoupling, combined with extended Kalman filters, helps fault isolation by generating residual structures. A new approach based on differential flatness theory is proposed for nonlinear systems fault diagnosis with an application to the fuel system. Sliding mode differentiators are used to estimate derived signals that are necessary for the application of some residual generation methods. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficiency of obtained results. An experimental application is presented using a real data set from a partial test bench provided by Turbomeca company of the SAFRAN group
Bibas, Serge. "Gaspar : Simulateur à base de modèles pour la supervision de réseaux de télécommunication." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA132008.
Ploux, Sabine. "Les modèles analogiques et le contrôle dans les systèmes à base de règles." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10102.
Valette, Sébastien. "Modèles de maillages déformables 2D et multirésolution surfaciques 3D sur une base d'ondelettes." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0002/these.pdf.
This work aims at providing mesh-based image processing algorithms. The first part introduces a new theoretical support and an algorithm for multiresolution analysis of 3D surface meshes. This approach is a generalization of the wavelet decomposition of surface meshes proposed by Lounsbery, which initial definition can be applied only to regularly subdivided meshes. This extension requires the definition of an irregular subdivision scheme, allowing multiresolution analysis on irregular meshes. The second part handles video objects segmentation and tracking in 2D+t sequences. We propose a new active mesh algorithm that moves the mesh nodes on motion discontinuities. The motion inside each cell is estimated by a competitive back-forward approach. This approach allows nodes displacements without remeshing motion occlusion regions. A spatial constraint allows a better deformation in homogeneous regions. A temporal regularization constraint ensures the tracking consistency. The third part adds a conclusion and possible future work on multiresolution video objects representation, with the algorithm proposed in the first part
Rogouschi, Nicoleta. "Classification à base de modèles de mélanges topologiques des données catégorielles et continues." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132015.
The research presented in this thesis concerns the development of self-organising map approaches based on mixture models which deal with different kinds of data : qualitative, mixed and sequential. For each type of data we propose an adapted unsupervised learning model. The first model, described in this work, is a new learning algorithm of topological map BeSOM (Bernoulli Self-Organizing Map) dedicated to binary data. Each map cell is associated with a Bernoulli distribution. In this model, the learning has the objective to estimate the density function presented as a mixture of densities. Each density is as well a mixture of Bernoulli distribution defined on a neighbourhood. The second model touches upon the problem of probability approaches for the mixeddata clustering (quantitative and qualitative). The model is inspired by previous workswhich define a distribution by a mixture of Bernoulli and Gaussian distributions. This approach gives a different dimension to topological map : it allows probability map interpretation and others the possibility to take advantage of local distribution associated with continuous and categorical variables. As for the third model presented in this thesis, it is a new Markov mixture model applied to treatment of the data structured in sequences. The approach that we propose is a generalisation of traditional Markov chains. There are two versions : the global approach, where topology is used implicitly, and the local approach where topology is used explicitly. The results obtained upon the validation of all the methods are encouragingand promising, both for classification and modelling
Malti, Rachid. "Représentation de systèmes discrets sur la base des filtres orthogonaux : application à la modélisation de systèmes dynamiques multi-variables." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_MALTI_R.pdf.
Multari, Matthieu. "Étude d'une base compacte millimétrique à lentille diélectrique." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4111.
Chaabna, Solène Houria. "Passivity-based modeling and power routing of a multi-source power cell for hydrogen production." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I065.
Green hydrogen is emerging as a powerful solution for the storage of surplus electricity which is generated through renewable energy sources. However, a green hydrogen power cell involves multiphysics phenomena as electrical, fluidic, thermal, etc. and the representation of dynamical power flows therein is quite complex. Furthermore, the power exchange between the different components of the cell (Fuel cell, Electrolyzer, storage units, renewable sources) needs to be thought in terms of global performance while taking care of the energy reserves.This thesis proposes a Bond Graph derived port-Hamiltonian representation of all the components of a green hydrogen power cell. From this representation, it is possible to design passivity-based control algorithms. The notion of passivity margin is introduced to account for the robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties or known disturbances. For each component, the excess or shortage of power feeds an Energy Tank, which behaves as a virtual storage unit. Hence, the set of Energy Tanks is an image of the power reserves in the power cell. Instead of using conventional power routing between each component, we propose to manage power flows between the Energy Tanks, which allows us to control not only the power intensity, but also the level of energy within the tanks. Hence, the methodology enables to control both power and energy at the same time, paving the way to Operating Mode Management triggered by energy levels. An application is given on a platform including a fuel call, renewable energy sources, and a conventional storage unit
Fankam, Nguemkam Chimène. "OntoDB2 : un système flexible et efficient de base de données à base ontologique pour le web sémantique et les données techniques." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452533.
The need to represent the semantics of data in various scientific fields (medicine, geography, engineering, etc…) has resulted in the definition of data referring to ontologies, also called ontology-based data. With the proliferation of domain ontologies, and the increasing volume of data to handle, has emerge the need to define systems capable of managing large size of ontology-based data. Such systems are called Ontology Based DataBase (OBDB) Management Systems. The main limitations of existing OBDB systems are (1) their rigidity, (2) lack of support for non standard data (spatial, temporal, etc…) and (3) their lack of effectiveness to manage large size data. In this thesis, we propose a new OBDB called OntoDB2, allowing (1) the support of ontologies based on different ontology models, (2) the extension of its model to meet specific applications requirements, and (3) an original management of ontology-based data facilitating scalability. Onto DB2 is based on the existence of a kernel ontology, and model-based techniques to enable a flexible extension of this kernel. We propose to represent only canonical data by transforming, under certain conditions, any given non-canonical data to its canonical representation. We propose to use the ontology query language to (1) to access non-canonical data thereby transform and, (2) index and pre-calculate the reasoning operations by using the mechanisms of the underlying DBMS
Mota, Jean-Marc. "Méthodes formelles pour la modélisation géométrique à base topologique : définitions et algorithmes avec la méthode B." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0009.
The B method is a formal specification language used in order to develop critical systems. We used this language to develop complex softwares called modellers. These softwares allow to handle and create computer-generated images. Our work consists in the formalization and the proof of a topology-based modeller kernel and of a complex operation which is the topological part of the rounding operation. It teaches us the limits and difficulties of the approach which consists in translating mathematical definitions directly into formal specifications. Nevertheless, we proposed another approach based on an extension of the B method called event B. We used it successfully to specify a geometrical algorithm which calculates the subdivision of the plan corresponding to a set of lines. In conclusion, the method B seems to be adapted to geometric modelling: the experience deserves to be continued
Guarnieri, Franck. "Modèles de systèmes et systèmes de modèles dans les systèmes à base de connaissances : application à la prévention des incendies de forêts." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10226.
Stroppa, Nicolas. "Définitions et caractérisations de modèles à base d'analogies pour l'apprentissage automatique des langues naturelles." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145147.
Dans le cadre d'un apprentissage automatique de données linguistiques, des modèles inférentiels alternatifs ont alors été proposés qui remettent en cause le principe d'abstraction opéré par les règles ou les modèles probabilistes. Selon cette conception, la connaissance linguistique reste implicitement représentée dans le corpus accumulé. Dans le domaine de l'Apprentissage Automatique, les méthodes suivant les même principes sont regroupées sous l'appellation d'apprentissage \og{}paresseux\fg{}. Ces méthodes reposent généralement sur le biais d'apprentissage suivant~: si un objet $Y$ est \og{}proche\fg{} d'un objet $X$, alors son analyse $f(Y)$ est un bon candidat pour $f(X)$. Alors que l'hypothèse invoquée se justifie pour les applications usuellement traitées en Apprentissage Automatique, la nature structurée et l'organisation paradigmatique des données linguistiques suggèrent une approche légèrement différente. Pour rendre compte de cette particularité, nous étudions un modèle reposant sur la notion de \og{}proportion analogique\fg{}. Dans ce modèle, l'analyse $f(T)$ d'un nouvel objet $T$ s'opère par identification d'une proportion analogique avec des objets $X$, $Y$ et $Z$ déjà connus. L'hypothèse analogique postule ainsi que si \lana{X}{Y}{Z}{T}, alors \lana{$f(X)$}{$f(Y)$}{$f(Z)$}{$f(T)$}. Pour inférer $f(T)$ à partir des $f(X)$, $f(Y)$, $f(Z)$ déjà connus, on résout l'\og{}équation analogique\fg{} d'inconnue $I$~: \lana{$f(X)$}{$f(Y)$}{$f(Z)$}{$I$}.
Nous présentons, dans la première partie de ce travail, une étude de ce modèle de proportion analogique au regard d'un cadre plus général que nous qualifierons d'\og{}apprentissage par analogie\fg{}. Ce cadre s'instancie dans un certain nombre de contextes~: dans le domaine des sciences cognitives, il s'agit de raisonnement par analogie, faculté essentielle au c\oe{}ur de nombreux processus cognitifs~; dans le cadre de la linguistique traditionnelle, il fournit un support à un certain nombre de mécanismes tels que la création analogique, l'opposition ou la commutation~; dans le contexte de l'apprentissage automatique, il correspond à l'ensemble des méthodes d'apprentissage paresseux. Cette mise en perspective offre un éclairage sur la nature du modèle et les mécanismes sous-jacents.
La deuxième partie de notre travail propose un cadre algébrique unifié, définissant la notion de proportion analogique. Partant d'un modèle de proportion analogique entre chaînes de symboles, éléments d'un monoïde libre, nous présentons une extension au cas plus général des semigroupes. Cette généralisation conduit directement à une définition valide pour tous les ensembles dérivant de la structure de semigroupe, permettant ainsi la modélisation des proportions analogiques entre représentations courantes d'entités linguistiques telles que chaînes de symboles, arbres, structures de traits et langages finis. Des algorithmes adaptés au traitement des proportions analogiques entre de tels objets structurés sont présentés. Nous proposons également quelques directions pour enrichir le modèle, et permettre ainsi son utilisation dans des cas plus complexes.
Le modèle inférentiel étudié, motivé par des besoins en Traitement Automatique des Langues, est ensuite explicitement interprété comme une méthode d'Apprentissage Automatique. Cette formalisation a permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs de ses éléments caractéristiques. Une particularité notable du modèle réside dans sa capacité à traiter des objets structurés, aussi bien en entrée qu'en sortie, alors que la tâche classique de classification suppose en général un espace de sortie constitué d'un ensemble fini de classes. Nous montrons ensuite comment exprimer le biais d'apprentissage de la méthode à l'aide de l'introduction de la notion d'extension analogique. Enfin, nous concluons par la présentation de résultats expérimentaux issus de l'application de notre modèle à plusieurs tâches de Traitement Automatique des Langues~: transcription orthographique/phonétique, analyse flexionnelle et analyse dérivationnelle.
Julien, David. "Goliath : un environnement à base de modèles et d'agents pour la conception d'interfaces utilisateur." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066171.
Osmani, Aomar. "Diagnostic de pannes dans les réseaux : approche à base de modèles et raisonnement temporel." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132044.
Gucik-Derigny, David. "CONTRIBUTION AU PRONOSTIC DES SYSTÈMES NON LINÉAIRES À BASE DE MODÈLES : THÉORIE ET APPLICATION." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30032.
This thesis is a contribution to the problem of a complex system prognosis. More precisely, it concerns the model-based prognosis approach and the thesis is divided into three main contributions. First of all, a definition of prognosis concept is proposed as a first contribution and is positionned in reference to the diagnosis and predictive diagnosis concepts. For that, a notion of temporal constraint is introduced to give all pertinence to the prediction achieved. It is also shown how prognosis is linked to the finite time reachability notion. The second contribution is dedicated to the use of finite time convergence observer for the prognosis problem. A prognosis methodology is presented for nonlinear multiple time scale systems. Then, a last contribution is introduced through the use of interval observer for the prognosis problem. A pronognosis methodology is proposed for nonlinear uncertain multiple time scale systems. To illustrate the theorical results, simulations are achieved based on a model of an electromechanical oscillator system
Settouti, Lotfi. "Systèmes à base de traces modélisées : modèles et langages pour l'exploitation des traces d'interactions." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10019.
This thesis is funded by the Rhône-Alpes Region as a part of the project < Personalisation of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) Systems >. Personalising TEL Systems is, above all, dependent on the capacity to produce relevant and exploitable traces of individual or collaborative learning activities. In this field, exploiting interaction traces addresses several problems ranging from its representation in a normalised and intelligible manner to its processing and interpretation in continuous way during the ongoing TEL activities. The proliferation of trace-based exploitations raises the need of generic tools to support their representation and exploitation. The main objective of this thesis is to define the theoretical foundations of such generic tools. To do that, we define the notion of Trace-Based System (TBS) as a kind of Knowledge-based system whose main source of knowledge is a set of trace of user-system interactions. This thesis investigates practical and theoretical issues related to TBS, covering the spectrum from concepts, services and architecture involved by such TBS (conceptual framework) to language design over declarative semantics (formal framework). The central topic of our framework is the development of a high-level trace transformation language supporting deductive rules as an abstraction and reasoning mechanism for traces. The declarative semantics for such language is defined by a (Tarski-style) model theory with accompanying fixpoint theory
Chevalier, Alexis. "Etude expérimentale, élaboration et modélisation de matériaux composites à base de poudres magnétiques douces." Brest, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484041.