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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 жовтня 2022

Оновлено: 25 травня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Husain, Khairulazuad, Norhayati Ahmat, Nor’ain Mohd Tajudin, and Yerizon Yerizon. "Development of Integration Self Learning (InSeL) Module for Matriculation Students." Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters 9, Special (February 21, 2021): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol9.sp.10.2021.

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This study aims to develop an Integration Self Learning Module (InSeL) for matriculation students. The development of this module is based on Cognitive Learning Theory, the development of Integration concepts, thinking skills and self-learning. The module is developed using Sidek Model which involves two stages, namely building a draft module and testing a module. This quantitative study used three sets of questionnaires to evaluate the validity, reliability and suitability of the module. Content validity for the InSeL Module was made by seven experts and its validity was determined through content validity index (CVI). The overall content validity index of the InSeL Module was high with the value of 0.99 or 99 percent for both CVI values for items (I-CVI) and CVI for scale (S-CVI). A total of 73 matriculation students were involved in this study to test the reliability and suitability of the developed module. The results showed that the Alpha Cronbach's coefficient for InSeL Module reliability is 0.775. The results of the level of suitability showed that the InSeL Module reached a high level of universal agreement which is more than 90% with the mean of all three constructs namely content (3.43), format (3.49) and references source (3.38). Overall, this showed that the InSeL Module has met the standards of a module in terms of the content and the quality of a module. In conclusion, the study has successfully produced a mathematical self-learning module for the Integration topic for matriculation students that meet and suitable to the standard of a module. The implication is that the InSeL Module can be used by the students to learn the topic of Integration on their own.

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Ismiati, Ismiati, Yusminah Hala, and Muhiddin Palennari. "Pengembangan e-Modul Pembelahan Sel Bagi Siswa Kelas XII MIA SMA Negeri 1 Nunukan." UNM Journal of Biological Education 6, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/ujbe.v6i1.35257.

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This study aims to produce a product in a form of teaching material of a biology e-module which is expected to assist teachers and students learn about cell division. The method used is research and development by adapting the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The stages of analysis are conducted by analyzing the curriculum used, the students’ characteristics, and the use of current technology. Followed by design and development, namely the manufacture of e-module, product validation and revision. The next stage is implementation with a trial of applying the e-biology module to students. The last stage is evaluation, namely analyzing the results of the final revision. The research instruments used were instrument validation sheet, teacher’s response questionnaires, students’ questionnaires, and learning outcomes test. The sample of the study were students of grade XII MIA at SMAN 1 Nunukan. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that 1) the Biology e[1]module learning media on cell division material meets the valid criteria with a mean score of 4.5 (valid); 2) the Biology e-module learning media on cell division material meets the practical criteria based on the result of the teachers’ responses by 83.48% (very positive) and the result of the students’ responses is 85.63% (positive); 3) the Biology e-module learning media on cell division material meets the effective criteria with the percentage of learning outcomes completeness of 88.57% (very good). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Biology e-module learning media on cell division material has met valid, practical, and effective criteria.

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Mohamed Sabri, Suraya, Siti Rahaimah Ali, and Izazol Idris. "APPLICATION OF FUZZY DELPHI TECHNIQUE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY STEM LEARNING MODULE FOR FORM FOUR SCIENCE SUBJECTS." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 6, no. 44 (December 31, 2021): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.644021.

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This study was conducted quantitatively to develop a nuclear energy STEM learning module based on expert consensus. Nuclear energy education in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is an important agenda in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (PPPM) 2013-2025 to meet the aspirations of the country and the needs of the global world. The role of teachers is important in the teaching and learning of nuclear energy so that the objectives of the lesson are achieved. Learning the topic of nuclear energy is considered a difficult topic to understand because it cannot be seen, felt or smelled. Teachers with limited knowledge of nuclear energy also contribute to students’ knowledge misconceptions. This study was conducted using Fuzzy Delphi technique questionnaire instrument on 11 experts to obtain views and consensus. Fuzzy Deplhi technique data were analyzed to determine the elements of sub - topics, content, strategies and learning styles as well as appropriate resource training in the learning modules. The results of the study showed that all elements met the requirements, namely the threshold value d was less than 0.2 and the percentage of the expert group was more than 75%. This shows that all the items are required by the expert panel in developing the nuclear energy STEM learning module for the form four Science subject.

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Amini, Aisyah, and Riri Okra. "Perancangan E-Modul “ALKI” Pada Mata Pelajaran Kimia Bagi Siswa Kelas X Berbasis Mobile di SMAN 1 Mapat Tunggul." Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jimi.v6i2.1299.

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ALKI is an e-module that serves as a learning medium for grade X students majoring in MIA at SMAN 1 MAPAT TUNGGUL. E-module ALKI was created with the aim of assisting teachers in delivering materials and helping students understand more about chemical materials by repeating lessons, working on exercises, and strengthening memory by playing flashcards. The thing behind the design of alki e-module is the lack of motivation to learn students, difficulty and the absence of internet network in Mapat Tunggul area, students should not take home the package book, the smartphone owned by students is not used to study, and when doing homework with the help of the internet most students just copy the answer without understanding the origin of the answer. This research method is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D research model (four-D) that is with define, Design, Development, and Disseminate stages. In the Development stage, the development stage of ALKI e-module media is carried out. The media development model used in this study is MDLC(Multimedia Development Life Cycle) luther-sutopo version which consists of 6 stages, namely conception, design, material collection, manufacturing process, testing and distribution. The result of the research is a mobile-based ALKI e-module product. With 0.81 validity test results declared valid,0.93 Practicality test results are practiced very practically,and 0.80 effectiveness test results are declared very effective. So, it can be concluded that alki e-module based on mobile application as a learning medium has been valid, practical and effective.

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Edi Susanto, Agus Susanta, and Rusdi. "Pelatihan Penyusunan Instrumen Tes Matematika Online Berbasis PISA Bagi Guru matematika SMP Bengkulu." JPM: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/jpm.v2i3.330.

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One of the reference standards in measuring the understanding of secondary school students at the international level is the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey. This is also supported by the implementation of a minimum competency assessment (AKM) in 2021 with a focus on numeracy and literacy skills. However, the results of the PISA survey in 2018 Indonesia only ranked 72 out of 78 participating countries. One of the contributing factors is that students are not accustomed to solving PISA-based questions. So that training on the preparation of PISA-based online mathematics test instruments was carried out. This training activity aims to design a PISA-based online mathematics test instrument. The activity was held at the Bengkulu City Mathematics MGMP which was attended by 45 SMP/MTs mathematics teachers. The implementation of the preparation consists of four stages, namely: (1) module design, (2) question preparation training, (3) structured assignments, (4) online test design. The results of the activity were composed of 25 online PISA test instruments that met the valid criteria. The results of the teacher's response to the training activities on the criteria are good

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Ho, Ngo Anh Dao, Van Hieu Nguyen, and Sandhya Babel. "Operation of Different Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Modules for the Treatment of High-Strength Wastewater to Enhance the Recovery of Clean Water—A Case Study in Bac Ninh, Vietnam." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316105.

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In this study, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Vietnam receiving high-strength wastewater with COD of about 3000 mg/L and various heavy metals from industries was treated by different RO membrane modules in order to meet the stringent national discharge standard and recover wastewater for reuse. The Fenton and coagulation pre-treatments were employed based on optimal conditions, which were experimentally pre-determined. For the RO membrane system, the two-stage treatment employed a plate frame RO (PFRO) followed by spiral wound RO (SPRO) to obtain high-quality permeate, while the high-pressure PFRO (HP PFRO) module was employed for the recovery of concentrated streams from the PFRO unit. As a result, a significant COD removal efficiency of 99.62% was achieved in the SPRO module. The heavy metal concentrations (i.e., Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr) measured in the output mostly met the standards for discharge levels. A significant decrease in electrical conductivity (EC) to below 250 µS/cm was achieved. In addition, high rates of water recovery were achieved from the RO modules (i.e., PFRO 63%, HP PFRO 9–12%, SPRO > 80–90%). The high-quality treated wastewater was thus suitable for reuse purposes. This study highlights the feasibility of RO membranes for practical treatment of high-strength wastewater and provides valuable data for the WWTP operator.

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Kirk, R. L., E. Howington-Kraus, K. Edmundson, B. Redding, D. Galuszka, T. Hare, and K. Gwinner. "COMMUNITY TOOLS FOR CARTOGRAPHIC AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSING OF MARS EXPRESS HRSC IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W1 (July 25, 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w1-69-2017.

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The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on the Mars Express orbiter (Neukum et al. 2004) is a multi-line pushbroom scanner that can obtain stereo and color coverage of targets in a single overpass, with pixel scales as small as 10&thinsp;m at periapsis. Since commencing operations in 2004 it has imaged ~&thinsp;77&thinsp;% of Mars at 20&thinsp;m/pixel or better. The instrument team uses the Video Image Communication And Retrieval (VICAR) software to produce and archive a range of data products from uncalibrated and radiometrically calibrated images to controlled digital topographic models (DTMs) and orthoimages and regional mosaics of DTM and orthophoto data (Gwinner et al. 2009; 2010b; 2016). Alternatives to this highly effective standard processing pipeline are nevertheless of interest to researchers who do not have access to the full VICAR suite and may wish to make topographic products or perform other (e. g., spectrophotometric) analyses prior to the release of the highest level products. We have therefore developed software to ingest HRSC images and model their geometry in the USGS Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS3), which can be used for data preparation, geodetic control, and analysis, and the commercial photogrammetric software SOCET SET (® BAE Systems; Miller and Walker 1993; 1995) which can be used for independent production of DTMs and orthoimages. The initial implementation of this capability utilized the then-current ISIS2 system and the generic pushbroom sensor model of SOCET SET, and was described in the DTM comparison of independent photogrammetric processing by different elements of the HRSC team (Heipke et al. 2007). A major drawback of this prototype was that neither software system then allowed for pushbroom images in which the exposure time changes from line to line. Except at periapsis, HRSC makes such timing changes every few hundred lines to accommodate changes of altitude and velocity in its elliptical orbit. As a result, it was necessary to split observations into blocks of constant exposure time, greatly increasing the effort needed to control the images and collect DTMs. Here, we describe a substantially improved HRSC processing capability that incorporates sensor models with varying line timing in the current ISIS3 system (Sides 2017) and SOCET SET. This enormously reduces the work effort for processing most images and eliminates the artifacts that arose from segmenting them. In addition, the software takes advantage of the continuously evolving capabilities of ISIS3 and the improved image matching module NGATE (Next Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction, incorporating area and feature based algorithms, multi-image and multi-direction matching) of SOCET SET, thus greatly reducing the need for manual editing of DTM errors. We have also developed a procedure for geodetically controlling the images to Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data by registering a preliminary stereo topographic model to MOLA by using the point cloud alignment (pc_align) function of the NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP; Moratto et al. 2010). This effectively converts inter-image tiepoints into ground control points in the MOLA coordinate system. The result is improved absolute accuracy and a significant reduction in work effort relative to manual measurement of ground control. The ISIS and ASP software used are freely available; SOCET SET, is a commercial product. By the end of 2017 we expect to have ported our SOCET SET HRSC sensor model to the Community Sensor Model (CSM; Community Sensor Model Working Group 2010; Hare and Kirk 2017) standard utilized by the successor photogrammetric system SOCET GXP that is currently offered by BAE. In early 2018, we are also working with BAE to release the CSM source code under a BSD or MIT open source license. We illustrate current HRSC processing capabilities with three examples, of which the first two come from the DTM comparison of 2007. Candor Chasma (h1235_0001) was a near-periapse observation with constant exposure time that could be processed relatively easily at that time. We show qualitative and quantitative improvements in DTM resolution and precision as well as greatly reduced need for manual editing, and illustrate some of the photometric applications possible in ISIS. At the Nanedi Valles site we are now able to process all 3 long-arc orbits (h0894_0000, h0905_0000 and h0927_0000) without segmenting the images. Finally, processing image set h4235_0001, which covers the landing site of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover and its rugged science target of Aeolus Mons in Gale crater, provides a rare opportunity to evaluate DTM resolution and precision because extensive High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) DTMs are available (Golombek et al. 2012). The HiRISE products have ~&thinsp;50x smaller pixel scale so that discrepancies can mostly be attributed to HRSC. We use the HiRISE DTMs to compare the resolution and precision of our HRSC DTMs with the (evolving) standard products. We find that the vertical precision of HRSC DTMs is comparable to the pixel scale but the horizontal resolution may be 15&ndash;30 image pixels, depending on processing. This is significantly coarser than the lower limit of 3&ndash;5 pixels based on the minimum size for image patches to be matched. Stereo DTMs registered to MOLA altimetry by surface fitting typically deviate by 10thinsp;m or less in mean elevation. Estimates of the RMS deviation are strongly influenced by the sparse sampling of the altimetry, but range from <thinsp;50thinsp;m in flat areas to ~&thinsp;100thinsp;m in rugged areas.

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Rifkanita, Dian. "Pengembangan E-Modul Biologi Berbasis Flip Pdf Corporate Bagi Siswa Kelas X SMAN 1 Pamboang Kabupaten Majene." UNM Journal of Biological Education 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/ujbe.v6i2.45068.

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This study is a research and development that aims to produce a product of Biology e-module based on a flip pdf corporate for students at SMAN 1 Pamboang in Majene district. This research and development referred to the ADDIE design development model consisted of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research instruments used were instrument validation sheet, teacher’s response questionnaire, students’ response questionnaire, and learning outcomes test. The sample of this study was the students of grade X at SMAN 1 Pamboang in Majene district. The results of data analysis show that: 1) the Biology e-module based on flip pdf corporate on Ecosystem material meets the criteria for validity with a mean score of 4.6, 2) the Biology e-module based on flip pdf corporate on Ecosystem material meets the practicality criteria based on the result of the teacher's response with an average of 93% in solid category and 7% in strong category, while the students’ response with an average of 50% is in strong category and 36.6% is in solid category, 3) the Biology e-module based on flip pdf corporate on Ecosystem material meets the criteria of effectiveness with the percentage of completeness of learning outcomes 70.8% in effective category. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Biology e-module based on flip pdf corporate on Ecosystem material has met the valid, practical, and effective criteria. In addition, the results obtained from cross tabulation between students’ responses and learning outcomes with the asymptotic significance of 0.024 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between practicality and effectiveness of the Biology e-module based on flip pdf corporate.

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Rubiyanto, Rubino. "PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA KEWIRAUSAHAAN BAGI MAHASISWA PERGURUAN TINGGI MELALUI KETERAMPILAN PERCETAKAN." Warta LPM 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/warta.v10i1.3220.

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Untill predominate out-comes of the College are job seeker. Tochange the mind set them to become the job creator presumably need aneffort, stock purchasing and giving of capital entrepreneur. Therefore noits bad if the student FKIP to made as a professional teacher candidate,also given entrepreneur lecturer. This lecturer is programmed in anpackage: KWU in the field of offset printing skill. Target of this activity is:(a) develop the culture of entrepreneur in PT, (b) the student have thestock of science and skill of offset printing area, (c) student have theknowledge about trick of the trade, developing idea of effort, managingeffort, marketing strategy and obtain;get the capital employed, (d)student have the readiness of business. The target of this activity are 30student’s of FKIP in semester VI from various program. Lecturing methodcover the discourse, discussion, duty, question and answer, compilationof proposal business, seminar proposal, simulation and also practice inprinting office. Resistance met by execution KWU at the same time bylecturer fundamental so that execution entrepreneur delayed. Finally theenterpreur program are executed after even semester test 2006 finishing.Activity exterior for example; 1) piled up over by module entrepreneur,vision of business mission, career tuition, credit system of this effort; 2)piled up over by proposal business in group; 3) the expected after studentpass, 25 % participant earn the entrepreneur offset printing.

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Komlan, Aguey Kpati. "LA DIFFUSION SPATIALE DE L’INNOVATION DU CENTRE CIDAP EN MATIERE DE DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL DANS LA PREFECTURE DE DOUFELGOU AU TOGO / THE SPATIAL DISSEMINATION OF THE INNOVATION OF THE CIDAP CENTER IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PREFECTURE OF DOUFELGOU IN TOGO." European Journal of Social Sciences Studies 6, no. 1 (January 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v6i1.986.

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Le Togo a opté pour le développement local comme stratégie permettant d’apporter une meilleure réponse aux enjeux de développement des populations des collectivités locales. Cette orientation des politiques publiques semble être une nouveauté dans les stratégies de développement mises en œuvre dans ce pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Les modèles proposés sont plutôt exogènes, aux antipodes de la définition même du développement local. N’existait-il pas d’initiatives inspirantes et transférables dans diverses collectivités locales? C’est l’objet principal de cet article qui met en exergue l’initiative du centre CIDAP créé en 1984, pour sauvegarder les savoirs endogènes des peuples Nawda à partir du canton de Baga. Une analyse de leurs effets, quatre décennies après le début des interventions, montre leur diffusion spatiale dans les 14 cantons de la préfecture de Doufelgou, bien au-delà des objectifs initiaux des promoteurs. Elle pourrait inspirer la dynamique de développement territorial dans d’autres collectivités. Togo has opted for local development as a strategy to provide a better response to the development challenges of the populations of local communities. This strategy seems to be a novelty in the development strategies implemented in this West African country. The models proposed are rather exogenous, at odds with the very definition of local development. Were there not inspiring and transferable initiatives in various local communities? This is the main object of this article, which highlights the initiative of the CIDAP center, created in 1984, to safeguard the endogenous knowledge of the Nawda peoples from the canton of Baga. An analysis of their effects, four decades after the start of the interventions, shows their spatial diffusion in the 14 cantons of the prefecture of Doufelgou, well beyond the initial objectives of the promoters. It could inspire the dynamics of territorial development in other communities. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

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Дисертації з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Flamencourt, Brice. "On some problems in spectral analysis, spin geometry and conformal geometry." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASM014.

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Cette thèse se divise en deux grandes parties. Dans la première, on s'intéresse à deux problèmes d'analyse spectrale portant sur la convergence des valeurs propres d'opérateurs à paramètres. D'une part, on considère l'opérateur de Schrödinger dans le plan, avec un potentiel singulier supporté par une courbe fermée Γ admettant un point de rebroussement. Ce potentiel s'écrit formellement −αδ(x−Γ), et l'on décrit le comportement du spectre de l'opérateur dans la limite α→∞. D'autre part, on étudie l'opérateur de Dirac qui apparaît dans le modèle MIT Bag, en le généralisant aux variétés spin. Lorsque le paramètre de masse de cet opérateur tend vers l'infini, on observe une convergence des valeurs propres. Dans la seconde partie, on discute différents problèmes de géométrie. On démontre tout d'abord des résultats de structure et de classification en dimension 3 pour une classe particulière de spineurs, appelés spineurs de Cauchy, qui apparaissent naturellement comme restrictions de spineurs parallèles à des hypersurfaces orientées de variétés spin. Enfin, on s'intéresse aux connexions de Weyl sur les variétés conformes. On définit les structures localement conformément produits (LCP) par la donnée d'une structure de Weyl fermée, non-exacte, non-plate et à holonomie réductible sur une variété conforme compacte. On analyse les variétés LCP afin d'initier une classification
This thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first one, we focus on two problems of spectral analysis concerning the convergence of eigenvalues of operators with parameters. On the one hand, we consider the Schrödinger operator in the plane, with a singular potential supported by a closed curve Γ admitting a cusp. This potential is formally written −αδ(x−Γ), and we describe the behaviour of the spectrum of the operator as α→∞. On the other hand, we study the Dirac operator which appears in the MIT Bag model, by generalizing it from Euclidean spaces to spin manifolds. We observe a convergence of the eigenvalues of this operator when the mass parameter tends to infinity. In the second part, we discuss two different geometric problems. First, we prove structure and classification results in dimension 3 for a particular class of spinors, called Cauchy spinors, arising as restrictions of parallel spinors to oriented hypersurfaces of spin manifolds. Finally, we focus on Weyl connections on conformal manifolds. We define a locally conformally product (LCP) structure as a closed, non-exact, non-flat Weyl structure with reducible holonomy on a compact conformal manifold. We analyse the LCP manifolds in order to initiate a classification

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Zreik, Mahdi. "Spectral properties of Dirac operators on certain domains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0085.

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Cette thèse se focalise sur l'étude spectrale des modèles de perturbations de l'opérateur de Dirac libre en dimensions 2 et 3.Le premier chapitre de cette thèse étudie la perturbation de l'opérateur de Dirac par une grande masse M, supportée sur un domaine. Notre objectif principal est d'établir, sous la condition d'une masse M suffisamment grande, la convergence de l'opérateur perturbé vers l'opérateur de Dirac avec la condition au bord MIT bag, au sens de la norme de la résolvante. Pour se faire, nous introduisons ce que nous appelons les opérateurs Poincaré-Steklov (PS) (comme un analogue des opérateurs Dirichlet-to-Neumann pour l'opérateur de Laplace) et les analysons d'un point de vue microlocal, afin de comprendre précisément le taux de convergence de la résolvante. D'une part, nous montrons que les opérateurs PS s'intègrent dans le cadre des opérateurs pseudodifférentiels et nous déterminons leurs symboles principaux. D'autre part, comme nous nous intéressons principalement aux grandes masses, nous traitons notre problème du point de vue semiclassique, où le paramètre semiclassique est h = M^{-1}. Enfin, en établissant une formule de Krein reliant la résolvante de l'opérateur perturbé à celle de l'opérateur MIT bag, et en utilisant les propriétés pseudodifférentielles des opérateurs PS combinées aux structures matricielles des symboles principaux, nous établissons la convergence requise avec un taux de convergence de O(M^{-1}.Dans le chapitre 2, nous définissons un voisinage tubulaire de la frontière d'un domaine régulier donné. Nous considérons la perturbation de l'opérateur de Dirac libre par une grande masse M, supportée dans ce voisinage d'épaisseur varepsilon:=M^{-1}. Notre objectif principal est d'étudier la convergence de l'opérateur de Dirac perturbé lorsque M tend vers l'infini. En comparaison avec la première partie, nous obtenons ici deux opérateurs limites MIT bag, qui agissent en dehors de la frontière. Il est intéressant de noter que le découplage de ces deux opérateurs MIT bag peut être considéré comme la version confinée de delta-interaction scalaire de Lorentz de l'opérateur de Dirac, supportée sur une surface fermée. La méthodologie suivie, comme au problème précédent, porte sur l'étude des propriétés pseudodifférentielles des opérateurs PS. Cependant, la nouveauté de ce problème réside dans le contrôle de ces opérateurs en suivant la dépendance du paramètre varepsilon, et par conséquent, dans la convergence lorsque varepsilon tend vers 0 et M tend vers l'infini. Avec ces ingrédients, nous prouvons que l'opérateur perturbé converge au sens de la norme de la résolvante vers l'opérateur de Dirac couplé à une delta-interaction scalaire de Lorentz.Dans le chapitre 3, nous généralisation une approximation de l'opérateur de Dirac tridimensionnel couplé à une combinaison singulière de delta-interactions électrostatiques et scalaires de Lorentz supportée sur une surface fermée, par un opérateur de Dirac avec un potentiel régulier localisé dans une couche mince contenant la surface. Dans les cas non-critiques et non-confinants, nous montrons que l'opérateur de Dirac perturbé régulier converge au sens de la résolvante forte vers la delta-interaction singulière de l'opérateur de Dirac.Dans le dernier chapitre, notre étude porte sur l'opérateur de Dirac bidimensionnel couplé à une delta-interaction électrostatique et scalaire de Lorentz. Nous traitons dans des espaces de Sobolev d'ordre un-demi l'auto-adjonction de certaines réalisations de ces opérateurs dans divers contextes de courbes. Le cas le plus important se présente lorsque les courbes considérées sont des polygones curvilignes. Sous certaines conditions sur les constantes de couplage, en utilisant la propriété de Fredholm de certains opérateurs intégraux de frontière, et en exploitant la forme explicite de la transformée de Cauchy sur des courbes non lisses, nous établissons l'auto-adjonction de l'opérateur perturbé
This thesis mainly focused on the spectral analysis of perturbation models of the free Dirac operator, in 2-D and 3-D space.The first chapter of this thesis examines perturbation of the Dirac operator by a large mass M, supported on a domain. Our main objective is to establish, under the condition of sufficiently large mass M, the convergence of the perturbed operator, towards the Dirac operator with the MIT bag condition, in the norm resolvent sense. To this end, we introduce what we refer to the Poincaré-Steklov (PS) operators (as an analogue of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators for the Laplace operator) and analyze them from the microlocal point of view, in order to understand precisely the convergence rate of the resolvent. On one hand, we show that the PS operators fit into the framework of pseudodifferential operators and we determine their principal symbols. On the other hand, since we are mainly concerned with large masses, we treat our problem from the semiclassical point of view, where the semiclassical parameter is h = M^{-1}. Finally, by establishing a Krein formula relating the resolvent of the perturbed operator to that of the MIT bag operator, and using the pseudodifferential properties of the PS operators combined with the matrix structures of the principal symbols, we establish the required convergence with a convergence rate of mathcal{O}(M^{-1}).In the second chapter, we define a tubular neighborhood of the boundary of a given regular domain. We consider perturbation of the free Dirac operator by a large mass M, within this neighborhood of thickness varepsilon:=M^{-1}. Our primary objective is to study the convergence of the perturbed Dirac operator when M tends to +infty. Comparing with the first part, we get here two MIT bag limit operators, which act outside the boundary. It's worth noting that the decoupling of these two MIT bag operators can be considered as the confining version of the Lorentz scalar delta interaction of Dirac operator, supported on a closed surface. The methodology followed, as in the previous problem study the pseudodifferential properties of Poincaré-Steklov operators. However, the novelty in this problem lies in the control of these operators by tracking the dependence on the parameter varepsilon, and consequently, in the convergence as varepsilon goes to 0 and M goes to +infty. With these ingredients, we prove that the perturbed operator converges in the norm resolvent sense to the Dirac operator coupled with Lorentz scalar delta-shell interaction.In the third chapter, we investigate the generalization of an approximation of the three-dimensional Dirac operator coupled with a singular combination of electrostatic and Lorentz scalar delta-interactions supported on a closed surface, by a Dirac operator with a regular potential localized in a thin layer containing the surface. In the non-critical and non-confining cases, we show that the regular perturbed Dirac operator converges in the strong resolvent sense to the singular delta-interaction of the Dirac operator. Moreover, we deduce that the coupling constants of the limit operator depend nonlinearly on those of the potential under consideration.In the last chapter, our study focuses on the two-dimensional Dirac operator coupled with the electrostatic and Lorentz scalar delta-interactions. We treat in low regularity Sobolev spaces (H^{1/2}) the self-adjointness of certain realizations of these operators in various curve settings. The most important case in this chapter arises when the curves under consideration are curvilinear polygons, with smooth, differentiable edges and without cusps. Under certain conditions on the coupling constants, using the Fredholm property of certain boundary integral operators, and exploiting the explicit form of the Cauchy transform on non-smooth curves, we achieve the self-adjointness of the perturbed operator

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Guironnet, Mickaël. "Méthodes de résumé de vidéo à partir d'informations bas niveau, du mouvement de caméra ou de l'attention visuelle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10155.

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Le volume grandissant de vidéos a suscité le besoin de nouveaux outils d'aide à l'indexation. Un des outils possibles est le résumé de vidéo qui permet de fournir un aperçu rapide à l'usager. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'extraire, à partir d'informations visuelles, un résumé de vidéo contenant le « message » de la vidéo. Nous avons choisi d'étudier trois nouvelles méthodes de résumé de vidéo utilisant différentes informations visuelles. La première méthode de résumé repose sur des caractéristiques de bas niveau (couleur, orientation et mouvement). La combinaison de ces index qui s'appuie sur un système d'inférence floue a permis de construire un résumé hiérarchique. Nous avons montré l'intérêt d'un tel résumé dans une application de la recherche par l'exemple. La deuxième méthode de résumé est construite à partir du mouvement de caméra. Cette caractéristique de plus haut niveau sémantique est réfléchie par le réalisateur et induit une information sur le contenu. Une méthode de classification des mouvements basée sur le Modèle des Croyances Transférables est élaborée. La méthode de résumé est alors établie selon des règles sur l'amplitude et l'enchaînement des mouvements de caméra identifiés. La troisième méthode de résumé est développée à partir de l'attention visuelle. Connaître les endroits où le regard se porte lors du visionnage de la vidéo est une information de plus haut niveau sémantique et pertinente pour créer le résumé. Un modèle spatio-temporel d'attention visuelle est proposé, puis utilisé pour détecter le changement de contenu au cours du temps afin de construire le résumé
The growing volume of video leads to the need of new tools for indexing. One of the possible tools is video summary which provides a fast overview to the user. The objective of this thesis is to extract from visual information, a summary containing the “message” of video. We chose to study three new methods of video summary using different types of visual features. The first method of summary rests on low level features (color, orientation and motion). The combination of these features which is based on a fuzzy inference system allows a hierarchical summary to be built. We show the interest of such a summary in an application of query by example. The second method of summary is built from camera motion. This higher level feature is thought by the filmmaker and so induces information on the content. A method of camera motion classification based on Transferable Belief Model is achieved. The method of summary is elaborated according to rules about the magnitude and the chain of the identified motions. The third method of summary is developed from visual attention. To know the places where the glance is directed during the video playback is higher level information and relevant to create the summary. A spatio-temporal attention model is proposed, and then used to detect the change of content in time in order to build the summary

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Guironnet, Mickael. "METHODES DE RESUME DE VIDEO A PARTIR D'INFORMATIONS BAS NIVEAU, DU MOUVEMENT DE CAMERA OU DE L'ATTENTION VISUELLE." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122787.

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Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.

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Книги з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Varlamov, Oleg. Fundamentals of creating MIVAR expert systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1513119.

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Methodological and applied issues of the basics of creating knowledge bases and expert systems of logical artificial intelligence are considered. The software package "MIV Expert Systems Designer" (KESMI) Wi!Mi RAZUMATOR" (version 2.1), which is a convenient tool for the development of intelligent information systems. Examples of creating mivar expert systems and several laboratory works are given. The reader, having studied this tutorial, will be able to independently create expert systems based on KESMI. The textbook in the field of training "Computer Science and Computer Engineering" is intended for students, bachelors, undergraduates, postgraduates studying artificial intelligence methods used in information processing and management systems, as well as for users and specialists who create mivar knowledge models, expert systems, automated control systems and decision support systems. Keywords: cybernetics, artificial intelligence, mivar, mivar networks, databases, data models, expert system, intelligent systems, multidimensional open epistemological active network, MOGAN, MIPRA, KESMI, Wi!Mi, Razumator, knowledge bases, knowledge graphs, knowledge networks, Big knowledge, products, logical inference, decision support systems, decision-making systems, autonomous robots, recommendation systems, universal knowledge tools, expert system designers, logical artificial intelligence.

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PIAE EUROPE 2021. VDI Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023853.

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Contents Structural components/Strukturbauteile Development of an energy-absorbing structural element made of polyamide integrated in the plastic front-end carrier of the new Mercedes S-Class ..... 1 Entwicklung eines energieabsorbierenden Strukturelements aus Polyamid integriert im Kunststoff-Frontendträger der neuen Mercedes S-Klasse ..... 5 BAGS: Highly-integrated front-end module carrier ..... 9 BAGS: Hochintegrierter Front End Modulträger ..... 19 Surfaces/Oberflächen Lightweight plastic construction with visible surface as examplified by the Volkswagen ID 3 tailgate ..... 29 Kunststoffleichtbau mit Sichtoberfläche am Beispiel der Heckklappe Volkswagen ID3 ..... 39 Breakthrough in producing soft and sustainable interior surfaces by injection moulding of TPE ..... 49 Simulation The all-new MAN high-roof cab – epoxy sandwich RTM – simulated using FEM and crashed under real conditions ..... 61 Epoxid-Sandwich-RTM – FEM gerechnet und real gecrasht ..... 75 Development and validation of a simulation methodology for the prediction of surface defects for plastic components with metallic effect pig...

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Weeraratne, Bilesha. Ban on female migrant workers: Skills-differentiated evidence from Sri Lanka. 44th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/982-2.

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This study examines the skills-differentiated impact of a restrictive female labour migration policy in Sri Lanka using monthly departure data from 2012 to 2018 in a difference-in-difference model. The policy has resulted in decreasing departures among lower-skilled groups—female domestic, unskilled, semi-skilled, and skilled workers—and increasing departures among middle-level and professional workers. The decrease in departures of lower-skilled groups is consistent with the objectives of the policy and existing impact evaluation studies, while the increase in higher-skilled workers is consistent with the literature on Family Background Report-related corruption and mis-reporting of skills to avoid the policy. Thus, the Family Background Report policy is associated with higher involvement of lower-skilled workers in recruitment-related corruption, higher exposure to recruitment-related vulnerability, and lower foreign employment opportunities. The study also finds that it was appropriate to exempt the 45–49 year age group from the Family Background Report requirement in 2017.

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Kemper, Kurt Edward. Before March Madness. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043260.001.0001.

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Before March Madness examines the power dynamics of mid-century college sports when their meaning in higher education was still uncertain, when their future in American culture was still undetermined, and when the ascendance, indeed the very survival, of the NCAA was not yet assured. The book identifies the institutional struggles of college athletics from the late 1930s to the late 1950s and the multiple stakeholders and varied interests contained therein, showing a complex, and often conflicting, view of both college sports and higher education. The NCAA’s insistence on defining college athletics solely within the big-time commercialized model opened itself to severe criticism from within the organization in the form of small liberal arts colleges, medium-size regional and state universities, and historically black colleges, as well as outside it with the creation of the NAIA. The organization, however, successfully used college basketball to both placate internal critics and stave off its external competitor. In doing so, the NCAA managed to create in the public’s mind a singular vision of college sports, often represented by college football, representing only the big-time commercialized model by creating a peace that was purchased through college basketball. The success of NCAA elites to co-opt, divide, and placate its insurgent critics mirrored the larger response of mid-twentieth-century political and economic elites in the face of unprecedented challenges resulting from the civil rights movement, second-wave feminism, and opposition to the war in Vietnam.

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Yusoff, Ismail. Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz: Pemikiran agama dan politik. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876061.

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Tuan Guru Dato Nik Abdul Aziz bin Nik Mat ialah seorang pemikir yang multidimensi. Selain dikenali sebagai tokoh politik dan pendakwah, beliau juga disegani sebagai pentadbir yang berintegriti tinggi. Beliau dianggap sebagai model pemimpin Islam di Malaysia masa kini. Sebagai seorang tokoh pembaharuan dan intelektual Muslim, beliau mempunyai kesedaran yang tinggi dan keupayaan yang unik dalam meningkatkan fahaman dan pengamalan agama dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam, khususnya di negeri Kelantan. Pada hemat Nik Aziz, kemajuan masyarakat Islam hanya dapat dicapai melalui pemahaman Islam yang murni dan bebas daripada sinkretisme. Bagi PAS, beliau bukan sahaja Tok Guru yang memberikan nafas baru kepada parti yang hampir mati di bawah kepimpinan Mohd Asri Hj. Muda, tetapi juga Mursyidul Am, ideologue dan custodian kepada nilai-nilai ideologi parti tersebut.Ikon yang zuhud ini ialah tonggak kekuatan PAS.Beliau bukan sahaja berjaya melakukan perubahan dalam senario politik dalaman PAS, tetapi juga berhasil meningkatkan pengaruh PAS, terutama dalam kalangan kaum bukan Melayu.Melalui cara ini, beliau bukan sahaja berjaya mengubah landskap politik Malaysia ke arah masyarakat berpolitik yang berpengetahuan, bersumberkan ilmu yang menunjuk jalan, dan juga politik yang bebas daripada sentimen perkauman.Nik Aziz juga ialah tokoh pembaharuan dalam bidang pentadbiran.Pendekatan politik dan pentadbirannya yang berbentuk high politics dan menuju God-centricity ini adalah suatu pencapaian yang mengagumkan dalam sejarah Islam abad ke-20.

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Robert, Pascal, ed. L'impensé numérique - Tome 2 - Interprétations critiques et logiques pragmatiques de l’impensé. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003577.

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Ce deuxième tome de l’impensé numérique, qui vient compléter le premier tome paru en 2016, participe au développement d’une pensée critique du numérique que le directeur de cet ouvrage collectif a engagée voilà 25 ans maintenant. Il marque en quelque sorte un anniversaire, celui d’une réflexion au long cours sur l‘informatisation de la société. Ce temps long de la recherche se révèle, notamment, dans la première partie qui vise à élaborer, reprendre et affiner le cadre conceptuel de ce travail. On y revient, à nouveaux frais, sur les notions d’impensé informatique et numérique, on y présente les notions de « glissement de la prérogative politique » (GPP), qui souligne la prise en main par des acteurs privés de prérogatives jusque là dévolues au politique et de « gestionnarisation », qui désigne le processus qui met en avant la technique (gestion et numérique) et ses catégories au détriment des activités qui doivent s’y adapter. Ce travail de construction théorique, qui mobilise aussi les notions de confiance, d’usage, d’imaginaire et de reconnaissance, s’est déployé sur une bonne quinzaine d’année. Nous n’avons pas voulu supprimer cette épaisseur temporelle, qui fait pleinement partie du travail de recherche lui-même. Les deuxième et troisième parties font le point sur ce que l’on peut appeler une pragmatique de l’impensé : à savoir, comment il s’installe très concrètement aussi bien dans le mode de fonctionnement et d’architecturation d’internet, que dans nos plateformes et dans la manière dont elles transforment le jeu médiatique, à travers, également, l’instauration d’une nouvelle monnaie (le Bitcoin) et de son support technique (la blockchain) ou, enfin, par le biais du big data. L’impensé, en ce sens, n’est pas seulement un effet de discours, il est aussi un effet, pratique, de structuration du réel qui a pour conséquence de fermer des espaces de discutabilité. Ce qui est vrai à l’échelle stratégique de la deuxième partie l’est tout autant à l’échelle tactique, plus locale, qu’adopte la troisième partie : car l’impensé est tout autant au travail dans les discours performatifs de l’éducation, dans celui de la vulgarisation technique de l‘informatique que dans ceux qui structurent les espaces numériques de la culture. Un dernier texte ouvre sur une proposition technique qui s’appuie sur une réflexion critique, afin de montrer que celle-ci n’est pas seulement négative ou supposément technophobe, mais qu’elle peut également nourrir un dispositif technique innovant. La conclusion s’interroge sur la persistance des conditions de possibilité du développement d’une véritable posture critique face à ceux que l’on peut appeler les impenseurs. Elle offre également un petit kit pédagogique de présentation de l‘impensé, du GPP et de la gestionnarisation pour que la critique argumentée puisse, peut être, être mieux entendue. Avec les contributions de : Eric Arrivé, Julien Falgas, Chloé Girard, Isabelle Hare, Aude Inaudi, Marc Jahjah et Adrian Staii.

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Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Pesquisa em Engenharia: Ciência e Aplicação. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22040200.

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Neste livro são apresentados resultados de trabalhos científicos aplicados à grande área de Engenharia. De abordagem objetiva, a obra se mostra de grande relevância para graduandos, alunos de pós-graduação, docentes e profissionais. Os capítulos estão agrupados em duas seções: i) materiais; ii) águas continentais e oceânicas. Pelo capítulo um é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para obter-se reprodutibilidade da área superficial de um eletrodo de estanho durante o estudo do crescimento de óxidos de estanho. A reprodutibilidade da área superficial pode ser comprovada pela reprodutibilidade das densidades de carga anódicas dos voltamogramas anódicos a 50 mVs-1 posteriores a cada tratamento. Por meio do capítulo dois é analisada a substituição de parte do carvão mineral, utilizado em siderúrgicas, por biomassa. Entre os grandes desafios do setor estão a produção de aço a preços competitivos e a substituição de parte do carvão mineral utilizado por biomassa. A biomassa é considera neutra em emissões de CO2, devido a captura do mesmo durante o processo de fotossíntese, o que a torna atraente para seu uso nos processos siderúrgicos. Além disso, o seu uso pode gerar redução de custos, principalmente se for considerado os rejeitos do agronegócio que não possuem um alto valor agregado. Neste contexto, por este capítulo serão mostradas algumas possíveis utilizações de biomassa nos processos siderúrgicos através de estudos que vem sendo realizado no tema e aplicações na indústria. Será possível notar que o uso de biomassa é uma alternativa viável a curto prazo para atender as crescentes restrições ambientais atuais. Através do capítulo três é analisado o crescimento voltamétrico de óxido de estanho em solução tampão fosfato, pH 8,7. Medidas elipsométricas ex-situ foram realizadas para determinar a espessura dos óxidos crescidos. A partir desses resultados, o volume do filme por unidade de carga, Vf, foi calculado para diferentes densidades de carga. As medidas elipsométricas mostram que filmes de óxido de estanho crescidos a 2 mVs-1 são menos densos para valores de espessura 3,37 nm, tendo Vf próximo a 1,70 x 10-4 cm3C-1. Para valores mais altos de espessura (11,0 – 12,4 nm) os filmes se tornam mais densos tendo Vf próximo a 0,5 x 10-4 cm3C-1. No caso de 100 mVs-1 os filmes apresentam o mesmo comportamento, tendo Vf próximo de 3,74 x 10-4 cm3.C-1 para espessura de 4,56 nm e Vf próximo de 1,32 x 10-4 cm3.C-1 para espessura de 7,42 nm. Imagens de Microscopia de Força Atômica mostraram que a morfologia muda e a rugosidade dos filmes aumenta com o aumento da espessura e do potencial final da voltametria. O capítulo quatro trata do Nitreto cúbico de boro (cBN), material imprescindível para usinagem com alta precisão e alta velocidade de APRESENTAÇÃO materiais ferrosos como aço. O cBN é recomendado para trabalhos sob condições severas, tais como corte intermitente, em que dureza deve estar associada com tenacidade para evitar a quebra. Na síntese do cBN, são aplicados, basicamente, dois tipos de catalisadores: nitreto de magnésio e magnésio. Cada qual oferece diferentes possibilidades, tais como maiores valores de profundidade de corte ou menor nível de rugosidade superficial. Este capítulo contribui para uma melhor compreensão da manipulação dos parâmetros aplicados no regime de síntese deste elemento e, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de sua produção. Por meio do capítulo cinco é avaliada a aplicação de separação magnética de alta intensidade no beneficiamento de itabiritos pobres. Na rota de processo avaliada (separação magnética + flotação), a etapa de separação magnética executa a função de pré-concentração e deslamagem. O teor de SiO2 no concentrado foi de 1,46% (menor que o teor objetivo de 2,00%). As recuperações mássica e metalúrgica obtidas com a rota separação magnética + flotação foram maiores em termos absolutos 3,3% e 4,4%, respectivamente. Através do capítulo seis é realizada a otimização de injeção de poliamida PA66 com 50% GF usando o método Taguchi. O estudo se justifica pela necessidade crescente de materiais mais leves e de maior produtividade em substituição às ligas metálicas, o que demanda o constante desenvolvimento de compósitos poliméricos e eficazes processos de fabricação. Como resposta do estudo, mediu-se a resistência máxima de tração (RTmáx), numa poliamida 66 com carga de 50% de fibra de vidro, Grivory GV-5H®. Fez-se uso da metodologia ANOVA para indentificar-se os fatores de maior significância para o processo. A melhor resistência máxima de tração obtida de 242,6 N/m2, mostrou-se como uma opção na substituição à aplicações de ligas metálicas de alumínio. A melhor resultado se obteve com a temperatura de processamento em 270°C, o fluxo volumétrico de 83 cm³/s, a pressão de recalque de 300 bar, a contrapressão de 10 bar, velocidade da rosca de 50 min-1 e o tempo de recalque com valor de 5 s. As porcentagens de contribuição encontradas foram pressão de recalque com contribuição de 61%, seguido da temperatura de processamento, com contribuição de 17% e em terceiro, o fluxo volumétrico com contribuição de 12%. A instalação de grandes equipamentos submarinos em águas profundas apresenta uma série de desafios. O capítulo sete trata da análise de estabilidade hidrodinâmica de Manifolds submarinos durante a instalação pelo método pendular. O presente capítulo racionaliza tal método e, além disso, considera sistemas para evitar o capotamento, durante um momento crítico do método que é o início da descida, apresentando uma modelagem matemática fenomenológica a partir de casos similares. A etapa de validação foi realizada pela análise comparativa entre a modelagem proposta e resultados de testes experimentais realizados com modelos físicos. Com a confirmação da aderência dos resultados numéricos com os experimentos, esta abordagem se confirma como uma ferramenta de engenharia para dimensionamento dos equipamentos submarinos instalados pelo Método Pendular para que sejam direcionalmente estáveis. Por meio do capítulo oito são apresentados os resultados da simulação da distribuição espacial das ondas geradas pela ação de ventos severos sobre o reservatório da barragem de Salto Caxias, no rio Iguaçu, estado do Paraná. Os ventos severos foram estimados através da análise de frequência regional para várias estações anemométricas do Instituto Meteorológico do Paraná (SIMEPAR) para o período de 1998 a 2005. As alturas de ondas foram estimadas pelo método paramétrico SMB, que usa como dados de entrada o fetch e a velocidade do vento. O método SMB foi aplicado pelo modelo computacional ONDACAD. Os testes estatísticos indicaram que a distribuição de Wakeby foi a mais robusta para as séries curtas de ventos horários máximos anuais, produzindo estimativas de ventos severos que variaram entre 25,7 ms-1 (tempo de retorno de Tr=10 anos) a 50,9 ms-1 (Tr=100 anos). O estudo presta grande contribuição à compreensão da quantificação das alturas de ondas geradas por ventos severos neste importante reservatório do estado do Paraná. Pelo capítulo nove é apresentada uma análise comparativa bidimensional entre alturas de ondas resultantes da aplicação dos modelos paramétricos MARQUES e JONSWAP ao reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional, localizado no Rio Paraná entre o Brasil e o Paraguai. Os campos de vento uniforme relacionados a períodos de recorrência de 10, 20, 50 e 100 anos foram obtidos pelos registros realizados pelo Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná (SIMEPAR). Através da utilização do modelo ONDACAD foram determinados os campos de fetch e a transformação em campos de ondas pela utilização dos modelos paramétricos MARQUES e JONSWAP. Ao proceder a análise constatou-se que, ao majorar os resultados do modelo JONSWAP em 78% chega-se aos resultados bidimensionais gerados pelo modelo Marques. Esta condição foi verificada para situações de ventos extremos, ou seja, superiores a 20ms-1 e corpos hídricos que possuem fetch máximo da ordem de 10 quilômetros. O estudo contribui para a compreensão da distribuição das magnitudes das alturas de ondas neste reservatório de grande importância no âmbito da América do Sul, de grande utilidade para estudos relacionados, por exemplo, a erosões marginais, ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, psicultura por tanques-rede, quantificação de gases de efeito estufa devido à ressuspensão de sedimentos devido a propagação de ondas.

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Marques, Marcia Alessandra Arantes, ed. Pesquisa em Engenharia: Ciência e Aplicação. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22040200.

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Частини книг з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Brandi, Tim Oliver, Sven Brandt, and Franz-Josef Schöne. "Rechtliche Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit Abwicklungsanstalten." In Modell „Bad Bank“: Hintergrund – Konzept – Erfahrungen, 169–200. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7165-4_9.

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Beckröge, Thomas. "Öko-Controlling — Erfahrungen mit dem Modell Bad Harzburg." In Kommunales EG-Öko-Audit, 121–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01621-3_10.

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Nagel, Frank, and Frank Gutheim. "Marktrisikomanagement: Steuerung und Controlling - der Umgang mit Risiken in einer Abwicklungsanstalt." In Modell „Bad Bank“: Hintergrund – Konzept – Erfahrungen, 203–13. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7165-4_10.

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Kwatra, Saloni, and Vicenç Torra. "Data Reconstruction Attack Against Principal Component Analysis." In Security and Privacy in Social Networks and Big Data, 79–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5177-2_5.

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AbstractAttacking machine learning models is one of the many ways to measure the privacy of machine learning models. Therefore, studying the performance of attacks against machine learning techniques is essential to know whether somebody can share information about machine learning models, and if shared, how much can be shared? In this work, we investigate one of the widely used dimensionality reduction techniques Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We refer to a recent paper that shows how to attack PCA using a Membership Inference Attack (MIA). When using membership inference attacks against PCA, the adversary gets access to some of the principal components and wants to determine if a particular record was used to compute those principal components. We assume that the adversary knows the distribution of training data, which is a reasonable and useful assumption for a membership inference attack. With this assumption, we show that the adversary can make a data reconstruction attack, which is a more severe attack than the membership attack. For a protection mechanism, we propose that the data guardian first generate synthetic data and then compute the principal components. We also compare our proposed approach with Differentially Private Principal Component Analysis (DPPCA). The experimental findings show the degree to which the adversary successfully attempted to recover the users’ original data. We obtained comparable results with DPPCA. The number of principal components the attacker intercepted affects the attack’s outcome. Therefore, our work aims to answer how much information about machine learning models is safe to disclose while protecting users’ privacy.

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Liu, Yuchen. "Study on the Influence of the Arrangement of Thermal Insulation Floor on the Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties of Hollow Slab." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 125–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1748-8_10.

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AbstractIn order to study the influence of the arrangement of thermal insulation floor on the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of hollow slab, ABAQUS is used to establish the model of thermal analysis and mechanical behavior of hollow slab. By investigating distribution of temperature, distribution of heat flux, damage and deformation of floor, deformation of mid-span deflection and other characteristics of the floor section, it is concluded that although the transmission of heat can be effectively obstructed by the thermal insulation slab, the heat will be transferred to the interior of the floor through the gap between the thermal insulation slabs. The arrangement of thermal insulation slab is not the main factor which affect the thermal insulation properties of the floor with the same coverage area. Different arrangement of the thermal insulation slab has a certain impact on the mechanical performance of floor. It is recommended to arrange the thermal insulation slab in equal sections to fully improve the contact area between steel bar and concrete, which can effectively provide the bearing capacity of the floor.

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Struski, Łukasz, Dawid Rymarczyk, Arkadiusz Lewicki, Robert Sabiniewicz, Jacek Tabor, and Bartosz Zieliński. "ProMIL: Probabilistic Multiple Instance Learning for Medical Imaging." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia230518.

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Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a weakly-supervised problem in which one label is assigned to the whole bag of instances. An important class of MIL models is instance-based, where we first classify instances and then aggregate those predictions to obtain a bag label. The most common MIL model is when we consider a bag as positive if at least one of its instances has a positive label. However, this reasoning does not hold in many real-life scenarios, where the positive bag label is often a consequence of a certain percentage of positive instances. To address this issue, we introduce a dedicated instance-based method called ProMIL, based on deep neural networks and Bernstein polynomial estimation. An important advantage of ProMIL is that it can automatically detect the optimal percentage level for decision-making. We show that ProMIL outperforms standard instance-based MIL in real-world medical applications. We make the code available.

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Davenport, Thomas H. "Ein Wiedersehen mit dem DELTA-Modell." In big data @ work, 141–42. Vahlen, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/9783800648153-141.

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Beckerath, Verena von, Jessica Christoph, Carsten Praum, and Barbara Schönig. "Das Modell einer Wohnung mit Optionen." In Drei Zimmer, Küche, Diele, Bad, 122–25. De Gruyter, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783868597981-012.

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Peebles, P. J. E. "Cosmological Models." In Cosmology's Century, 36–113. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196022.003.0003.

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This chapter examines two spatially homogenous world pictures which captured most of the attention in cosmology from the late 1940s through the mid-1960s: an evolving universe and a universe in a statistically steady state. The evolving model describes expansion according to general relativity from an exceedingly dense early condition often termed the big bang. In the big bang model, a straightforward extrapolation of its evolution back in time ends at a singularity: a manifest failure of standard general relativity. In the alternative world picture, the continual creation of matter keeps the near-homogeneously expanding universe in a steady state. It lacked Albert Einstein's endorsement, but skillful proponents kept the picture visible in England though generally less so at other research centers. The steady-state cosmology is much more predictive than the big bang, which might have been expected to have added more than it did to general interest in the model.

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"Applying Decision Tree Approaches on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 67–101. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch004.

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In the Melbourne metropolitan area in Australia, an average of 34 pedestrians were killed in traffic accidents every year between 2004 and 2013, and vehicle-pedestrian crashes accounted for 24% of all fatal crashes. Mid-block crashes accounted for 46% of the total pedestrian crashes in the Melbourne metropolitan area and 49% of the pedestrian fatalities occurred at mid-blocks. Many studies have examined factors contributing to the frequency and severity of vehicle-pedestrian crashes. While many of the studies have chosen to focus on crashes at intersections, few studies have focussed on vehicle-pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. Since the factors contributing to vehicle crashes at intersections and mid-blocks are significantly different, more research needs to be done to develop a model for vehicle-pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. In order to identify factors contributing to the severity of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, three models using different decision trees (DTs) were developed. To improve the accuracy, stability, and robustness of the DTs, bagging and boosting techniques were used in this chapter. The results of this study show that the boosting technique improves the accuracy of individual DT models by 46%. Moreover, the results of boosting DTs (BDTs) show that neighbourhood social characteristics are as important as traffic and infrastructure variables in influencing the severity of pedestrian crashes.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Zhang, Ya-Lin, and Zhi-Hua Zhou. "Multi-Instance Learning with Key Instance Shift." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/481.

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Multi-instance learning (MIL) deals with the tasks where each example is represented by a bag of instances. A bag is positive if it contains at least one positive instance, and negative otherwise. The positive instances are also called key instances. Only bag labels are observed, whereas specific instance labels are not available in MIL. Previous studies typically assume that training and test data follow the same distribution, which may be violated in many real-world tasks. In this paper, we address the problem that the distribution of key instances varies between training and test phase. We refer to this problem as MIL with key instance shift and solve it by proposing an embedding based method MIKI. Specifically, to transform the bags into informative vectors, we propose a weighted multi-class model to select the instances with high positiveness as instance prototypes. Then we learn the importance weights for transformed bag vectors and incorporate original instance weights into them to narrow the gap between training/test distributions. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach when key instance shift occurs.

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DENG, Yiqi, and Siu Ming YIU. "Deep Multiple Instance Learning for Forecasting Stock Trends using Financial NewsDeep Multiple Instance Learning for Forecasting Stock Trends using Financial News." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ARIN 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121008.

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A major source of information can be taken from financial news articles, which have some correlations about the fluctuation of stock trends. In this paper, we investigate the influences of financial news on the stock trends, from a multi-instance view. The intuition behind this is based on the news uncertainty of varying intervals of news occurrences and the lack of annotation in every single financial news. Under the scenario of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) where training instances are arranged in bags, and a label is assigned for the entire bag instead of instances, we develop a flexible and adaptive multi-instance learning model and evaluate its ability in directional movement forecast of Standard & Poor’s 500 index on financial news dataset. Specifically, we treat each trading day as one bag, with certain amounts of news happening on each trading day as instances in each bag. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed multi-instance-based framework gains outstanding results in terms of the accuracy of trend prediction, compared with other state-of-art approaches and baselines.

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Xiong, Conghao, Hao Chen, Joseph J. Y. Sung, and Irwin King. "Diagnose Like a Pathologist: Transformer-Enabled Hierarchical Attention-Guided Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classification." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/176.

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Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under different magnifications, most methods do not incorporate multiple resolutions of the WSIs, hierarchically and attentively, thereby leading to a loss of focus on the WSIs and information from other resolutions. To resolve this issue, we propose a Hierarchical Attention-Guided Multiple Instance Learning framework to fully exploit the WSIs. This framework can dynamically and attentively discover the discriminative regions across multiple resolutions of the WSIs. Within this framework, an Integrated Attention Transformer is proposed to further enhance the performance of the transformer and obtain a more holistic WSI (bag) representation. This transformer consists of multiple Integrated Attention Modules, which is the combination of a transformer layer and an aggregation module that produces a bag representation based on every instance representation in that bag. The experimental results show that our method achieved state-of-the-art performances on multiple datasets, including Camelyon16, TCGA-RCC, TCGA-NSCLC, and an in-house IMGC dataset. The code is available at https://github.com/BearCleverProud/HAG-MIL.

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Zhao, Yue, Zhaoyi Joey Dai, Chong Dai, Xin Wang, Samridhdi Paudyal, Saebom Ko, Xuanzhu Yao, Cianna Leschied, Amy Kan, and Mason Tomson. "A Quantitative Study of Sr2+ Impact on Barite Crystallization and Inhibition Kinetics." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204361-ms.

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Abstract Scale inhibitors have been widely used for barite scale control. Our group has developed several barite crystallization and inhibition models to predict the crystallization and inhibition kinetics of pure barite with different inhibitors and calculate the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) required. However, instead of pure barite scale formation, the incorporation of Sr2+ can be frequently found in the oilfield, because of the coexistence of Ba2+ and Sr2+ in the produced water, which can influence the kinetics of crystallization and inhibition significantly. As a result, the MIC predicted could be off significantly. Therefore, in this study, the effect of Sr2+ on barite crystallization and inhibition kinetics is quantitatively investigated to evaluate the accuracy of MIC values under various conditions. The induction time of barite with different concentrations of Sr2+ was measured by laser apparatus without or with different concentrations of scale inhibitor diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at the conditions: barite saturation index (SI) from 1.5 to 1.8; temperature (T) from 40 to 70 ℃; and [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] molar ratios from 0 to 15, all with celestite SI < 0. The results show that the induction time of the barite increases with [Sr2+]/[Ba2+] ratio at a fixed barite SI, T and DTPMP dosage. That means the MIC will be overestimated if it is calculated by previous semiempirical pure barite crystallization and inhibition models, without considering the presence of Sr2+. Based on the experimental results, the novel quantitative barite crystallization and inhibition models that include the influence of Sr2+ were developed for the first time as follows: Barite crystallization model with the influence of Sr2+: l o g 10 t 0 B a S O 4 , S r = ( 1.523 − 10.88 S I − 895.67 T ( K ) + 5477 S I × T ( K ) + 0.829 × [ C a 2 + ] ) + ( 0.823 S I + 85.44 T ( K ) − 0.667 ) × ( [ Sr 2 + ] [ B a 2 + ] ) Barite inhibition model including the influence of Sr2+ l o g 10 ( t i n h B a s o 4 , S r t 0 B a S O 4 , S r ) = b B a S O 4 , S r × C i n h l o g 10 b B a S O 4 , S r = ( − 2.187 − 1.411 × S I + 1329.29 T ( K ) + 0.153 × p H ) + ( 0.0983 × S I − 74.66 T ( K ) + 0.099 ) × ( [ Sr 2 + ] [ B a 2 + ] ) These novel models are in good agreement with the experimental data. They are used to predict the induction time and MIC more accurately at these common Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexisting scenarios. The observations and new models proposed in this study will significantly improve the barite scale management when Ba2+ and Sr2+ coexist in the oilfield.

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Becker, Julian, and Christoph Hassa. "Liquid Fuel Placement and Mixing of a Generic Aeroengine Premix Module at Different Operating Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30102.

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Fuel placement and air-fuel mixing in a generic aeroengine premix module employing plain jet liquid fuel injection into a counter-swirling double-annular crossflow were investigated at different values of air inlet pressure (6 bar, 700 K and 12 bar, 700 K) and liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio, both parameters being a function of engine power. Kerosene Jet A-1 was used as liquid fuel. Measurement techniques included LDA for investigation of the airflow and Mie-scattering laser light sheets and PDA for investigation of the two-phase flow. Measurements were taken at various axial distances from the fuel nozzle equivalent to mean residence times of up to 0.47 ms. It was found that the initial fuel placement reacts very sensitively to a variation of liquid-to-air momentum flux ratio. Susceptibility of the spray to dispersion due to centrifugal forces and to turbulent mixing is primarily a function of the fuel droplet diameters, which in turn depend on operating pressure. The data are interpreted by evaluation of the corresponding Stokes numbers.

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Chen, Mingcai, Yu Zhao, Zhonghuang Wang, Bing He, and Jianhua Yao. "A Noisy-Label-Learning Formulation for Immune Repertoire Classification and Disease-Associated Immune Receptor Sequence Identification." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/527.

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Immune repertoire classification, a typical multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, is a frontier research topic in computational biology that makes transformative contributions to new vaccines and immune therapies. However, the traditional instance-space MIL, directly assigning bag-level labels to instances, suffers from the massive amount of noisy labels and extremely low witness rate. In this work, we propose a noisy-label-learning formulation to solve the immune repertoire classification task. To remedy the inaccurate supervision of repertoire-level labels for a sequence-level classifier, we design a robust training strategy: The initial labels are smoothed to be asymmetric and are progressively corrected using the model's predictions throughout the training process. Furthermore, two models with the same architecture but different parameter initialization are co-trained simultaneously to remedy the known ``confirmation bias'' problem in the self-training-like schema. As a result, we obtain accurate sequence-level classification and, subsequently, repertoire-level classification. Experiments on the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Cancer datasets demonstrate our method's effectiveness and superior performance on sequence-level and repertoire-level tasks. Code available at https://github.com/TencentAILabHealthcare/NLL-IRC.

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Klein, Joseph G., and Philip A. Voglewede. "Stiffness Control of an Active Transtibial Prosthesis." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85455.

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Active, transtibial prostheses typically use finite state control algorithms that struggle with cadence and gait variability of the amputee. Recent work in artificial neural networks (ANN) have shown the possibility to predict the users intent based on EMG activity and the current position of the ankle, which can be used as an input signal into an improved controller. This paper examines how to implement an ANN signal into a zero order impedance controller, i.e., a stiffness controller, on a specific active transtibial prosthesis. The prosthesis incorporates a linear spiral spring in parallel with a four-bar mechanism. In order to implement stiffness control, the spring was moved to being in series with the four-bar mechanism to establish a relationship between the torque of the spring and the position of the motor. To ensure stiffness control is feasible, a MATLAB Simulink model of the system was created to test the robustness of the controller and the effect of moving the spring from parallel to series. The robustness of the controller was verified as the ankle position and torque requirements are met in the simulation. The Simulink model accurately models the new system and can be used in the future to optimize the motor or the four-bar mechanism for this new type of control.

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Agelidou, Eleni, Thomas Monz, Andreas Huber, and Manfred Aigner. "Experimental Investigation of an Inverted Brayton Cycle Micro Gas Turbine for CHP Application." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64490.

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Decentralized heat and power (CHP) production constitutes a promising solution to reduce the primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, micro gas turbine (MGT) based CHP systems are particularly suitable due to their low pollutant emissions without exhaust gas treatment. Typically, the electrical power demand for single houses ranges from 1 to several kWel. However, downsizing turbocharger components of a conventional MGT CHP system can reduce electrical efficiencies since losses like seal and tip leakages, generally do not scale proportionally with size. By introducing an inverted Brayton Cycle (IBC) based MGT this potential can be exploited. The IBC keeps the volumetric flows constant while mass flow and thermodynamic work are scaled by the ratio of pressure level. Since the performance of turbocharger components is mainly driven by the volumetric flow they should be applicable for both cycles. Hence, smaller power outputs can be achieved. The overall aim of this work, is the development of a recuperated inverted MGT CHP unit for a single family house with 1 kWel. This paper presents an experimental study of the applicability and feasibility of a conventional MGT operated in IBC mode. The demonstrator was based on a single shaft, single stage conventional MGT. Reliable start up and stable operation within the entire operating range from 180 000 rpm to 240 000 rpm are demonstrated. The turbine outlet pressure varied between 0,5 bar (part load) and 0,3 bar absolute (full load). All relevant parameters such as pressure losses and efficiencies of the main components are investigated. Moreover, the power output and the mechanical and thermal losses were analyzed in detail. Although the results indicated that the mechanical and heat losses have a high influence on the performance and economic efficiency of the system, the prototype shows great potential for further development.

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Denfors, I., H. Wadenvik, and J. Kutti. "PREPARATION OF A REPRESENTATIVE PLATELET POPULATION BY A SINGLE STEP SLOW CENTRIFUGATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644549.

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Circulating platelets differ with respect to size, density and functional ability. In several experimental settings it is of vital importance that a representative platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is extracted from the anticoagulated blood. We therefore investigated the effect of centrifugation time and gravitational force on platelet yield and platelet volume distribution in PRP obtained by a single step slow centrifugation.Methods. From each of 12 healthy male blood donors, 357 ml of venous blood were mixed with 63 ml citrate phosphate dextrose in a plastic bag. 20 ml aliquots of the anticoagulated blood were transferred into 30 ml screwcap polycarbonate tubes (Nalgene Labware). PRP was prepared by a single step slow centrifugation in a microprocessor-controlled bench centrifuge (Hettich Rotanta/RP). The gravitational force was calculated at the bottom of the tube. Centrifugations were performed at 180, 200, 220, 240, 260 g for 10 min, at 180, 200, 220, 240, 260 g for 15 min and at 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 g for 20 min. Three hours after blood collection, the platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width were determined in PRP and anticoagulated blood with an impedance cell counter (Coulter Counter Model S-Plus VI). Student's t-test was employed for comparison of mean values.Comments. Very precise centrifugation conditions can be provided by using a microprocessor-controlled centrifuge and a "fully representative" platelet population can be isolated with a single step slow centrifugation method.

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Wu, Yifeng, Reed Hanson, and Rolf D. Reitz. "Investigation of Combustion Phasing Control Strategy During Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Multi-Cylinder Engine Load Transitions." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19195.

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The dual fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) concept has been successfully demonstrated to be a promising, more controllable, high efficiency and cleaner combustion mode. A multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code coupled with detailed chemistry, KIVA-CHEMKIN, was applied to develop a strategy for phasing control during load transitions. Steady-state operating points at 1500 rev/min were calibrated from 0 to 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The load transitions considered in this study included a load-up and a load-down load change transient between 1 bar and 4 bar BMEP at 1500 rev/min. The experimental results showed that during the load transitions, the diesel injection timing responded in 2 cycles while around 5 cycles were needed for the diesel common-rail pressure to reach the target value. However, the intake manifold pressure lagged behind the pedal change for about 50 cycles due to the slower response of the turbocharger. The effect of these transients on RCCI engine combustion phasing was studied. The CFD model was first validated against steady-state experimental data at 1 bar and 4 bar BMEP. Then the model was used to develop strategies for phasing control by changing the direct port fuel injection (PFI) amount during load transitions. Specific engine operating cycles during the load transitions (6 cycles for the load-up transition and 7 cycles for the load-down transition) were selected based on the change of intake manifold pressure to represent the transition processes. Each cycle was studied separately to find the correct PFI to diesel fuel ratio for the desired CA50 (the crank angle at which 50 % of total heat release occurs). The simulation results showed that CA50 was delayed by 7 to 15 degrees for the load-up transition and advanced by around 5 degrees during the load-down transition if the pre-calibrated steady-state PFI table was used. By decreasing the PFI ratio by 10 % to 15 % during the load-up transition and increasing the PFI ratio by around 40 % during the load-down transition, the CA50 could be controlled at a reasonable value during transitions. The control strategy can be used for closed-loop control during engine transient operating conditions. Combustion and emission results during load transitions are also discussed.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Modèle MIT Bag"

Kalen, Nicholas. Remediated for accessibility per Section 508. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2298454.

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I conducted bat surveys at Richmond National Battlefield Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of the disease white-nose syndrome. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. Most affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), and tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). During the summers of 2016-2020, I sampled sites with acoustic bat detectors and conducted capture surveys using mist nets to characterize bat communities with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. I also conducted non-reproductive, or dormant, season acoustic and capture surveys from 2017-2021, to investigate potential local wintering by bats, especially northern long-eared bats, which have recently been discovered wintering in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of ten bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Capture surveys documented big brown bats, eastern red bats, silver-haired bats, and evening bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Myotis spp. were most associated with mixed forest habitats. Tricolored bat activity was highest and evening bat activity was lowest in riparian and wetland habitats. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, little brown, and tricolored bats was highest during summer. Activity of northern long-eared and Indiana bats was very low overall but was also highest in the summer. Tree bat species hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bat activity was highest in the spring and fall. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrences for most bat species. Visual validation of echolocation calls revealed misidentifications were problematic for Myotis spp. little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, and Indiana bat, but diagnostic calls of all three species were recorded. Acoustic passes identified as northern long-eared bats suggest some individuals may be wintering nearby, but winter activity was very low and not indicative of large overwintering populations.

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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Richmond National Battlefield Park following white-nose syndrome: Public version. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299295.

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I conducted bat surveys at Richmond National Battlefield Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of the disease white-nose syndrome. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. Most affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis), Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), and tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus). During the summers of 2016–2020, I sampled sites with acoustic bat detectors and conducted capture surveys using mist nets to characterize bat communities with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. I also conducted non-reproductive, or dormant, season acoustic and capture surveys from 2017–2021, to investigate potential local wintering by bats, especially northern long-eared bats, which have recently been discovered wintering in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of ten bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Capture surveys documented big brown bats, eastern red bats, silver-haired bats, and evening bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Myotis spp. were most associated with mixed forest habitats. Tricolored bat activity was highest and evening bat activity was lowest in riparian and wetland habitats. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, little brown, and tricolored bats was highest during summer. Activity of northern long-eared and Indiana bats was very low overall but was also highest in the summer. Tree bat species hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bat activity was highest in the spring and fall. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrences for most bat species. Visual validation of echolocation calls revealed misidentifications were problematic for Myotis spp. little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, and Indiana bat, but diagnostic calls of all three species were recorded. Acoustic passes identified as northern long-eared bats suggest some individuals may be wintering nearby, but winter activity was very low and not indicative of large overwintering populations. An internal NPS version of this document that includes an appendix with capture survey site coordinates is available and may be requested as needed.

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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Petersburg National Battlefield following white-nose syndrome. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299217.

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I conducted bat surveys at Petersburg National Battlefield Park (PETE) to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of the disease white-nose syndrome. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. Most affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the federally-endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) (USFWS 2007, USFWS 2022a), as well as the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), which has been proposed for endangered status (USFWS 2022b). I sampled sites with acoustic bat detectors from the summer of 2016 through fall 2021 and conducted capture surveys using mist nets from 2016-2019 to characterize seasonal occurrence of bat species with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. Surveys also sought to document potential over-wintering of bats at PETE, especially northern long-eared bats, which have recently been discovered wintering in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of nine bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), little brown bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Northern long-eared bats were identified acoustically by software, but identifications were invalidated by visual review. Acoustic misidentifications also occurred for little brown and Indiana bats, but diagnostic calls were confirmed. Capture surveys documented big brown bats, eastern red bats, evening bats, and a single little brown bat. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity. Activity of big brown, hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Little brown and eastern red bats were most associated with mixed forest habitats. Evening bat activity was highest in deciduous forests. Habitat type was not a significant predictor of activity for Indiana and tricolored bat activity. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, little brown, tricolored, and evening bats was highest during summer. Activity identified as Indiana bats was very low overall but was also highest in the summer. Activity of tree bat species hoary, silver-haired, and Mexican free-tailed bat was highest during the dormant season and peak activity appeared associated with migration. Dormant season results suggest some winter activity for most bat species identified as present in the park.

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Kalen, Nicholas. Bats of Colonial National Historical Park following white-nose syndrome. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299226.

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I conducted bat surveys at Colonial National Historical Park to assess the status of bat communities following potential impacts of white-nose syndrome (WNS) since its arrival in Virginia in 2009. This disease, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has severely reduced populations of several bat species in the eastern United States, threatening some with regional extirpation. In the East, most-affected species include the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), the federally-endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) (USFWS 2007, USFWS 2022a), as well as the tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), which has been proposed for endangered status (USFWS 2022b). I sampled sites in Yorktown and Jamestown Island with acoustic bat detectors from the spring of 2019 through the spring of 2021 and conducted capture surveys using mist nets in 2019 and 2021 to characterize seasonal occurrence of bat species with a focus on documenting WNS-imperiled species. Surveys also sought to document potential over-wintering of bats at COLO, especially northern long-eared bats, which occur year-round in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. Acoustic results identified the presence of eleven bat species by echolocation calls: big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), southeastern bat (Myotis austroriparius), little brown bat, northern long-eared bat, Indiana bat, evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), tricolored bat, and Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis). Acoustic results included diagnostic echolocation calls of little brown, northern long-eared, and Indiana bats, however, presence should be interpreted with caution due to similarities of call structures among Myotis spp. bats. Capture surveys documented seven species: big brown, eastern red, hoary, silver-haired, southeastern, evening, and tricolored bats. To examine habitat associations of bat species, I used generalized linear mixed models of a selection of variable candidates: habitat type, distance to water, minimum nightly temperature, and nightly precipitation to predict summer activity by significant predictors. Activity of hoary, silver-haired, little brown, evening, tricolored, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest in open habitats. Big brown bat and Indiana bat identifications were most associated with forest habitats. Eastern red bat activity was high in both forest and open sites. Southeastern bat activity was highest in wetland sites and was largely confined to these habitats. Northern long-eared bat activity was not significantly different among habitat types. To examine seasonality in bat species occurrence, I modeled acoustic activity in passes/night by Julian date using generalized additive models. Activity of big brown, eastern red, hoary, little brown, northern long-eared, tricolored, evening, and Mexican free-tailed bats was highest during summer. Silver-haired bat activity was highest in March indicative of seasonal migration. Hoary and Mexican free-tailed bat also exhibited high activity on several nights in the spring suggestive of migratory movement. Dormant season results suggest some winter occurrence for all identified bat species except Indiana bats. Very few characteristic calls of northern long-eared bats were observed from December through February, suggesting they winter locally in far lower abundances than in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina to the south.

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Wiggert, Jerry, Brandy Armstrong, Mustafa Kemal Cambazoglu, and K. K. Sandeep. Mid-Breton Sediment Diversion (MBrSD) Assessment – Final Report. The University of Southern Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/sose.001.

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The purpose of this project is to provide managers at the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR) with the scientific information needed to accurately address public concerns regarding the potential effects of the Louisiana Coastal Master Plan / Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) Mid-Breton Sediment Diversion (MBrSD) on the jurisdictional waters and resources of Mississippi. The stated design purpose of the MBrSD is to reconnect and re-establish the deltaic sediment deposition process between the Mississippi River and the Breton Sound Basin through a diversion that will deliver up to 75,000 cfs of sediment-laden freshwater. The report presented herein provides model-based guidance on the impact that the introduction of the MBrSD will have on salinity conditions in the Mississippi Sound (MSS) and Mississippi's jurisdictional waters that encompass oyster reef locations. Oysters are key ecosystem health indicators and economic drivers for the State of Mississippi and freshwater diversions into the western MS Sound (WMSS) have recently led to significant, unprecedented environmental impacts resulting in oyster mortality. The potential addition of a new pathway for additional freshwater to be introduced into the MSS requires careful assessment of the potential impacts that may be incurred. This project is designed to assess the impact of implementing the MBrSD on the physical environment in the WMSS. The primary aim is to understand the connectivity between MBrSD-derived freshwater input to Breton Sound on the environmental conditions impacting the oyster reefs of the WMSS near Bay St. Louis. A physical ocean modeling system based on the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment Transport (COAWST) has been used to simulate the circulation and dynamics over the entire MSS with the analysis presented herein focusing particularly on the western to central MSS. This project demonstrates the importance of applying modeling-based scientific research and the capability of physical ocean circulation models for assessing aquatic ecosystem health, particularly in key oyster reef areas.

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Peter, J. M., and M. G. Gadd. Introduction to the volcanic- and sediment-hosted base-metal ore systems synthesis volume, with a summary of findings. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328015.

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This volume presents results of research conducted during phase 5 of the Volcanic- and Sedimentary-hosted Base Metals Ore Systems project of the Geological Survey of Canada's Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) program. The papers in this volume include syntheses and primary scientific reports. We present here a synopsis of the findings during this TGI project. Research activities have addressed several mineral deposit types hosted in sedimentary rocks: polymetallic hyper-enriched black shale, sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn, carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi Valley-type; MVT), and fracture-controlled replacement Zn-Pb. Other carbonate-hosted deposits studied include a magnesite deposit at Mount Brussilof and a rare-earth element-F-Ba deposit at Rock Canyon Creek, both of which lack base metals but are spatially associated with the MVT deposits in the southern Rocky Mountains. Volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposits hosted in volcanic and mixed volcanic-sedimentary host rock settings were also examined. Through field geology, geochemical (lithogeochemistry, stable and radiogenic isotopes, fluid inclusions, and mineral chemistry), and geophysical (rock properties, magnetotelluric, and seismic) tools, the TGI research contributions have advanced genetic and exploration models for volcanic- and sedimentary-hosted base-metal deposits and developed new laboratory, geophysical, and field techniques to support exploration.

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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.

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Lazonick, William. Investing in Innovation: A Policy Framework for Attaining Sustainable Prosperity in the United States. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp182.

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“Sustainable prosperity” denotes an economy that generates stable and equitable growth for a large and growing middle class. From the 1940s into the 1970s, the United States appeared to be on a trajectory of sustainable prosperity, especially for white-male members of the U.S. labor force. Since the 1980s, however, an increasing proportion of the U.S labor force has experienced unstable employment and inequitable income, while growing numbers of the business firms upon which they rely for employment have generated anemic productivity growth. Stable and equitable growth requires innovative enterprise. The essence of innovative enterprise is investment in productive capabilities that can generate higher-quality, lower-cost goods and services than those previously available. The innovative enterprise tends to be a business firm—a unit of strategic control that, by selling products, must make profits over time to survive. In a modern society, however, business firms are not alone in making investments in the productive capabilities required to generate innovative goods and services. Household units and government agencies also make investments in productive capabilities upon which business firms rely for their own investment activities. When they work in a harmonious fashion, these three types of organizations—household units, government agencies, and business firms—constitute “the investment triad.” The Biden administration’s Build Back Better agenda to restore sustainable prosperity in the United States focuses on investment in productive capabilities by two of the three types of organizations in the triad: government agencies, implementing the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and household units, implementing the yet-to-be-passed American Families Act. Absent, however, is a policy agenda to encourage and enable investment in innovation by business firms. This gaping lacuna is particularly problematic because many of the largest industrial corporations in the United States place a far higher priority on distributing the contents of the corporate treasury to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and stock buybacks for the sake of higher stock yields than on investing in the productive capabilities of their workforces for the sake of innovation. Based on analyzes of the “financialization” of major U.S. business corporations, I argue that, unless Build Back Better includes an effective policy agenda to encourage and enable corporate investment in innovation, the Biden administration’s program for attaining stable and equitable growth will fail. Drawing on the experience of the U.S. economy over the past seven decades, I summarize how the United States moved toward stable and equitable growth from the late 1940s through the 1970s under a “retain-and-reinvest” resource-allocation regime at major U.S. business firms. Companies retained a substantial portion of their profits to reinvest in productive capabilities, including those of career employees. In contrast, since the early 1980s, under a “downsize-and-distribute” corporate resource-allocation regime, unstable employment, inequitable income, and sagging productivity have characterized the U.S. economy. In transition from retain-and-reinvest to downsize-and-distribute, many of the largest, most powerful corporations have adopted a “dominate-and-distribute” resource-allocation regime: Based on the innovative capabilities that they have previously developed, these companies dominate market segments of their industries but prioritize shareholders in corporate resource allocation. The practice of open-market share repurchases—aka stock buybacks—at major U.S. business corporations has been central to the dominate-and-distribute and downsize-and-distribute regimes. Since the mid-1980s, stock buybacks have become the prime mode for the legalized looting of the business corporation. I call this looting process “predatory value extraction” and contend that it is the fundamental cause of the increasing concentration of income among the richest household units and the erosion of middle-class employment opportunities for most other Americans. I conclude the paper by outlining a policy framework that could stop the looting of the business corporation and put in place social institutions that support sustainable prosperity. The agenda includes a ban on stock buybacks done as open-market repurchases, radical changes in incentives for senior corporate executives, representation of workers and taxpayers as directors on corporate boards, reform of the tax system to reward innovation and penalize financialization, and, guided by the investment-triad framework, government programs to support “collective and cumulative careers” of members of the U.S. labor force. Sustained investment in human capabilities by the investment triad, including business firms, would make it possible for an ever-increasing portion of the U.S. labor force to engage in the productive careers that underpin upward socioeconomic mobility, which would be manifested by a growing, robust, and hopeful American middle class.

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