Дисертації з теми "Modèle humain numérique"
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Karkar, Manaf. "Personnalisation morpho-mécanique de la voûte crânienne humaine à différentes vitesses de sollicitations." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0035/document.
Повний текст джерелаToday, the digital models are usually used in the world of research, but also in industry, health, finance, etc.… The quality of the results will always be connected to the accuracy with which the engineer is able of formalizing the physical phenomena. More specifically in the biomechanical modelling, working with a high number of parameters, making very complicated the standardization of the models. This thesis has an approach of improvement in the quality of the digital models of the human skull through several studies having for aim the analysis of the morphological parameters of the skull and their use for the personalization of a morpho-mechanical model.The method of scan by micro-tomography was used to scan more than 360 samples taken from 10 skulls, and then mechanical tests of compression in quasi-statics and dynamics were led on a part of these samples. The results we obtained allowed us to develop a card of evolution of a number of morphological parameters of the skull based on a polynomial model. A statistical comparative study allowed to highlight the existing links between the morphology and the mechanical behaviour of these samples. Finally, the connection of these two studies allowed to propose a customizable morpho-mechanical model, and to validate it for various finite elements simulations on bones samples and on complete human skull
Olivera-Botello, Gustavo. "Modélisation numérique des aspects immunologiques de la réaction à l'infection à HPV et de la vaccination anti-HPV par Gardasil®." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846182.
Повний текст джерелаOlivera-Botello, Gustavo. "Modélisation numérique des aspects immunologiques de la réaction à l’infection à HPV et de la vaccination anti-HPV par Gardasil®." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10038/document.
Повний текст джерелаTwo prophylactic vaccines have demonstrated to prevent infections with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Thus, they have been in the market for the last four years, or so. The three main objectives of the present project were: i) to study in-silico the immunogenicity of one of these vaccines (Gardasil®); ii) to study in-silico the natural history of an HPV infection, and iii) to assess in-silico the potential of the following therapeutic hypothesis : the intramuscular administration of Gardasil® to patients already suffering from a recurrent respiratory papillomatosis would result in a better prognosis thanks to the fact that the HPV-specific immunoglobulins that would bathe the affected tissue would impede the virus to complete its life cycle and, therefore, the disease to progress. The main conclusions are: i) according to our simulations, the minimum serum IgG titer required for hampering the progression of a recurrent respiratory papillomatosis would be 200 mMU/mL ; ii) in order to keep, within a time window of ten years, the anti-HPV IgG titer over the just-mentioned therapeutic-effect threshold, the biggest possible fraction of time and through the administration of the smallest possible number of booster doses, it would be necessary, according to our simulations, to adopt the following vaccination schedule: the basic three doses (at months 0, 2 and 6), followed by three successive booster doses, every six months, until reaching the 24th month, followed by a late final booster dose, 18 months later. iii) incidentally, it would seem to be inappropriate, according to our simulations, to modify the original initial vaccination schedule (at months 0, 2 and 6)
Moreau, Baptiste. "Modélisation statistique de la géométrie 3D de la cage thoracique à partir d'images médicales en vue de personnaliser un modèle numérique de corps humain pour la biomécanique du choc automobile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS030/document.
Повний текст джерелаRoad safety is a major issue of public health and personal safety. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 1.2 million people die each year worldwide due to road accidents (2015). According to accident data, 36.7% of serious injuries are caused by thoracic injuries (Page et al., 2012). The aim of biomechanics in passive safety is to improve our understanding of the human body in order to build better tools for assessing the risk of injury.Numerical human body models are used to virtually simulate the conditions of an accident. Today, they are increasingly used by car manufacturers and equipment manufacturers to better understand injury mechanisms. However, they exist only in few sizes and do not take into account the morphological variations observed in the population.3D medical imaging gives access to the geometries of the different anatomical structures that make up the human body. Today, hospitals are full of 3D images covering a very large part of the population in terms of age, body size and sex.The overall objective of this thesis is to statistically model the 3D geometry of the rib cage from medical images in order to personalize a numerical human body model to simulate car crash conditions.The first objective is to develop a segmentation process based on CT-scans in order to obtain geometric data adapted to the construction of a statistical model of shape of the rib cage.The second objective is to build a statistical model of the shape of the rib cage, taking into account its articulated structure.The third objective is to use the statistical model of the rib cage to deform a numerical human body model, in order to study the influence of certain parameters on the risk of injury
Gavant, Fabien. "Contribution à des architectures de stabilisation d'images basées sur la perception visuelle et la physiologie du tremblement humain." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT061/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the integration of cameras in mobile devices, their democratization and the reduction of the imager’s size, the optical system dimensions and the pixels miniaturization, the photos become more and more subject to motion blur due to the hand tremor. In addition, the requirements in terms of image quality become higher and higher. Hence, in order to reduce this blur, several image stabilization systems have been developed. Nevertheless, they cannot guarantee the sharpness quality of resulting images and in some cases, they show integration difficulties. In order to overcome these limitations, the research work presented in this thesis proposes, first of all, a physiological tremor model that aims to simulate realistic camera shake and secondly, presents a study on visual perception of blur. This study enables the development of a quality metric. Finally, stabilization algorithms and architectures exploiting these new tools are presented. These new architectures reduce the number of external components and ensure sharp stabilized images
Weber, Bruno. "Optimisation de code Galerkin discontinu sur ordinateur hybride : application à la simulation numérique en électromagnétisme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD046/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we present the evolutions made to the Discontinuous Galerkin solver Teta-CLAC – resulting from the IRMA-AxesSim collaboration – during the HOROCH project (2015-2018). This solver allows to solve the Maxwell equations in 3D and in parallel on a large amount of OpenCL accelerators. The goal of the HOROCH project was to perform large-scale simulations on a complete digital human body model. This model is composed of 24 million hexahedral cells in order to perform calculations in the frequency band of connected objects going from 1 to 3 GHz (Bluetooth). The applications are numerous: telephony and accessories, sport (connected shirts), medicine (probes: capsules, patches), etc. The changes thus made include, among others: optimization of OpenCL kernels for CPUs in order to make the best use of hybrid architectures; StarPU runtime experimentation; the design of an integration scheme using local time steps; and many optimizations allowing the solver to process simulations of several millions of cells
Hoang, Le Ha. "Contribution à la modélisation tridimensionnelle des interactions champ électromagnétique – corps humain en basses fréquences." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203230.
Повний текст джерелаRobache, Frédéric. "Évaluation sur simulateur de conduite du comportement humain en situation de pré-crash : application à l'amélioration des airbags." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаAutomakers are lawfully required to achieve a minimum level of security which is checked during standardized crash tests. This results in a limited number of scenarios, which do not take individual specificities into account. This dissertation evaluates real human behaviour during the pre-crash phase, by means of a driving simulator. The experiment, integrating an unavoidable accident, studied the behaviour of 76 drivers, of which 40 drivers on a dynamic simulator. Concerning this group, 43 acquisition channels dedicated to drivers were added. From the results, one can retain that the crash can be predicted for half of the drivers through the observation of their behaviour and their interaction with the car. Due to swerving manoeuvres, 25% of the drivers have their forearm just in front of the steering wheel at the time of crash. This situation may compromise the efficiency of the airbags, that is verified experimentally on a static bench, by the deployment of airbags in front of a Hybrid III-50% dummy. The throwing of the arm causes an impact of 120 g to the head. In a second stage, the integration of left upper limbs from PMHS reveals that the situation is likely to generate fractures in the forearm. A numerical model has been designed to estimate the consequences of the atypical position during a frontal crash at 50km/h. The head acceleration reaches 270 g, synonymous with high lesion risks. Finally, a technological modification of the airbags is proposed to reduce this risk. The assumption is made that the use of remote sensors technologies can allow an early detection of the crash and therefore slower triggering of airbags. Tested experimentally and then numerically, this technical evolution reduces the violence of the impact to respect the injury criteria
Grébonval, Cyrille. "Automatisation des véhicules et nouveaux habitacles : postures de confort et risques associés en cas de choc." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1328.
Повний текст джерелаConsiderable research and development efforts are currently focused on automated vehicles that could free drivers from driving tasks and allow them to perform new activities (e.g. working, sleeping). Such activities would benefit from new seating configurations. However, even if a high level of safety is expected for these future vehicles, accidents will continue to occur. Current protective devices are designed for a driving position. They may require modifications to maintain the current level of protection for new occupant positions. This thesis aims to identify the risks and opportunities in terms of occupant protection associated with new positions that could appear with automated vehicles. The analyses used digital human models for applied traffic safety which have proven to be a relevant risk assessment tool. Particular attention was paid to assessing the validity of the models after repositioning. The work provided a better understanding of the restraint mechanisms in reclined configurations during a frontal impact. These positions appear to be critical with a difficult restraint of the pelvis or loading of the lumbar spine depending on the seat angle. The occupant response was also significantly affected by the initial position of the pelvis. These results can be used to help design and evaluate new restraint systems. In order to better understand the comfortable position in these reclined configurations, an experimental study was carried out using a multi-adjustable seat. These experiments enabled, on the one hand, to identify the comfort seat configurations, and on the other hand to establish the relationships between these seat configurations and the position of the internal skeleton and in particular for the pelvis. These results can in particular help the positioning of occupants during physical or digital tests. Overall, this work shows the strong interaction between comfort and safety for the design of new passenger cars
Guillot, Olivier. "Maillage multirésolution de surfaces : modélisation et maillage de formes humaines 3D." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS232.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we developped a surface subdivision that handles different kind of natural discontinuities of surfaces (darts, corners, creases and bounds) and the irregularities of the mesh that represents it. The aim of such a subdivision is to create limit surfaces that keep the natural discontinuities in order to enhance the quality of the multiresolution analysis based on that subdivision. We use the square root 3-subdivision because the resulting meshes grow slower. The multiresolution analysis by wavelets of a mesh of surface split the low frequencies and the higher ones, in order to obtain an approximation of the mesh and "details". Details can be truncated without creating great losses in the result of the synthesis. This property permits data compression of the details. Because the wavelet function is based on our square root 3-subdivision it handles natural discontinuities of the surfaces. This gives even smaller details for meshes with sharp edges. In order to analyse a mesh n times, this mesh must have a topology compatible with n subdivisions. If the surface contains discontinuities, n should be even. We built software tools in order to create a remeshing method that generates meshes compatible with those topologies. All this features are available in MEFP3C
Stroe, Mirela-Cristina. "Modélisation mathématique et simulations numériques de la mécanotransduction dans l'os cortical humain." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2008.
Повний текст джерелаBone remodeling is a highly complex process involving several interrelated phenomena. This thesis deals with one of these phenomena - the mechanotransduction, in particular with mathematical modeling and associated numerical simulations. In order to understand the nature of the information received by the cell before the reconstruction of the new osteon that is the best adapted to local mechanical stresses, several studies are developed from an existing model. Cortical bone is considered as a multiscale porous medium. Three architectural levels are proposed and a mathematical development based on the homogenization theory allows a numerical determination of the permeability tensor coefficients. An analysis based on viscoelastic laws is persued at nanoscopic level. For giving a plausible explanation of the mechanotransduction phenomenon independent of localization in bone, a study allowing the computation of all physical fields existing at a given level as consequence of macroscopic loading is presented. The only fluid aspect doesn’t allow a. Good knowledge by the cell of its environment and therefore it cannot induce an adapted cellular activity. This study shows that the collagen fibers, by their piezoelectric nature, transform the mechanical stresses induced by the surrounding part in an electric potential that the cells can sense
Rousset, Elisabeth. "Peinture numérique sur modèles 3D en usage récréatif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM008/document.
Повний текст джерелаCreating digital 3D scenes is attractive for the general public. However, even if hardware and financial constraints tend to disappear, the creation of 3D content remains a difficult task for novice users. Indeed, 3D modeling software is complex and requires a long learning process that is not suitable for recreational use. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the democratization of digital 3D creation by the study and design of human-computer interactions that are appropriate to novice users.We focus on the 3D painting task: digital painting on 3D models. We analyze the problem according to three axes: stylus interaction, navigation inside the 3D scene, and the combination of both painting and navigation. We first present a state of the art regarding the techniques of 3D painting and 3D navigation as well as their possible combinations. We also survey the existing input devices for 3D painting.We then present our three main contributions. A first experiment allows us to evaluate the effect of the directness of interaction on the 3D painting task. The study reveals that direct interaction leads to the drawing of higher quality line segments than indirect interaction. Next, we propose new interaction techniques for rotating around 3D objects. They are evaluated through another experiment that reveals the importance of a new criterion that we introduce: surjection. Finally, we present an evaluation of various combinations of 3D navigation and 3D painting interaction techniques. This study reveals that a bimanual interaction combining touch and stylus is the most appropriate for digital painting on 3D models by novice users.Our work, considered with other efforts that aim at simplifying 3D modeling, indicates that digital 3D creation for the general public is within reach
Bidal, Samuel. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'éléments anatomiques et génération automatique de maillages éléments finis optimisés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20673.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to quickly generate good quality models of the human body. We created a method package which generates finite element meshes from pictures of serial slices (taken from anatomic slices, X-ray sanner or MRI). The mesh generation is divided into three main steps : contours detection, 3D reconstruction and meshing. Contour detection methods were chosen to be applicable on a wide range of pictures. 3D reconstruction and meshing methods are new and based on an octahedral lattice. They allow to generate quadrangular or hexahedral elements. The heads organs were chosen to validate the package. We studied other organs too but these work are just given here as examples
Predoi, Racila Mihaela. "Elaboration d'une modélisation mathématique du transfert multiéchelle des signaux mécaniques dans l'os cortical humain : aspects théoriques et simulations numériques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2064.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Habachi Aimad Abdeslam. "Propagation de la variabilité de la morphologie humaine sur le débit d'absorption spécifique en dosimétrie numérique." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583723.
Повний текст джерелаPoulard, David. "Influence de l’âge et du morphotype sur la réponse mécanique du thorax : étude expérimentale in vivo et analyse numérique à l'aide de modèles EF personnalisés du corps humain." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10332/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study deals with the topic of increased risk of rib fractures among elderly drivers infrontal impact. The analysis of the literature reveals that actual thorax injury assessment tools do nottake into account for the differences in anatomical features and biological material properties observedbetween adults and elderly. Personalized human body finite element (FE) models have great potentialas improved thorax injury assessment tools. However, experimental data are needed to validate thesemodels under real-world conditions. In addition, the choice of the level of personalization of the modeland the sensibility of the model response to this personalization must be assessed to predict thoracicinjury risk.In vivo sled tests were performed on belted volunteers of various anthropometries and age. These testswere used to assess the influence of age and corpulence on thorax mechanical response and allowed toobtain corridor responses needed to validate personalized FE models. The geometry of the FE modelTHUMS was adapted to the volunteers and the thorax material properties were modified consideringaging to carry out a similar analysis in the injurious domain. Numerical simulations highlighted anincreased risk of rib fractures for specific personalized models.This study should help to better estimate the injury risk for car occupants. It should contribute topromote personalized human body models as attractive thorax injury assessment tool ofvulnerable individuals
Amar, Meina. "Masque psychovisuel à base d’ondelettes pour le Watermarking." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2022/document.
Повний текст джерелаWatermarking consists in inserting copyright information, or other verification messages, invisible to the human eye. Among all the possible approaches, perceptual watermarking is the most efficient. Perceptual image watermarking consists in using knowledge of the Human Visual System (HVS) to choose the strength of the watermark. In this study, we propose a new perceptual image watermarking method (JNDEM ) that combines the advantages of both the wavelet domain and the spatial domain since a mixed-scale wavelet representation is applied. By considering the density of the dominant wavelet coefficients, our scheme is able to differentiate uniform, edge and texture areas. We selected effective Just Noticeable Difference (JND) models from the literature, i.e. luminance and edge masking developed by Chou, and texture masking developed by Qi. We also took into account the HVS sensitivity which varies with the orientation of the image activity. We have compared our JNDEM to four other JND models from the literature in terms of visual quality and of robustness to attacks. Results show that the proposed method yields a high visual quality and is very robust against attacks. This last point is of great importance for real applications. In conclusion, the proposed method is the best trade-off between visual quality and resistance to attacks among the four other tested methods
Aymard, Benjamin. "Simulation numérique d'un modèle multi-échelle de cinétique cellulaire formulé à partir d'équations de transport non conservatives." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066254/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis focuses on the numerical simulation of a biomathematical, multiscale model explaining the phenomenon of selection within the population of ovarian follicles, and grounded on a cellular basis. The PDE model consists of a large dimension hyperbolic quasilinear system governing the evolution of cell density functions for a cohort of follicles (around twenty in practice).The equations are coupled in a nonlocal way by control terms involving moments of the solution, defined on either the mesoscopic or macroscopic scale.Three chapters of the thesis, presented in the form of articles, develop the method used to simulate the model numerically. The numerical code is implemented on a parallel architecture. PDEs are discretized with a Finite Volume scheme on an adaptive mesh driven by a multiresolution analysis. Flux discontinuities, at the interfaces between different cellular states, require a specific treatment to be compatible with the high order numerical scheme and mesh refinement.A chapter of the thesis is devoted to the calibration method, which translates the biological knowledge into constraints on the parameters and model outputs. The multiscale character is crucial, since parameters are used at the microscopic level in the equations governing the evolution of the density of cells within each follicle, whereas quantitative biological data are rather available at the mesoscopic and macroscopic levels.The last chapter of the thesis focuses on the analysis of computational performances of the parallel code, based on statistical methods inspired from the field of uncertainty quantification
Goudard, Vincent. "Représentation et contrôle dans le design interactif des instruments de musique numériques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS051.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDigital musical instruments appear as complex objects, being positioned in a continuum with the history of lutherie as well as marked with a strong disruption provoked by the digital technology and its consequences in terms of sonic possibilities, relations between gesture and sound, listening situations, reconfigurability of instruments and so on. This doctoral work tries to describe the characteristics originating from the integration of digital technology into musical instruments, drawing notably on a musicological reflection, on softwares and hardwares development, on musical practice, as well as a number of interactions with other musicians, instruments makers, composers and researchers
Dinet, Éric. "Contribution de modèles de vision humaine à la définition de méthodes multirésolutions en vision artificielle." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4019.
Повний текст джерелаVidal, Jean-Philippe. "Assistance au calage de modèles numériques en hydraulique fluviale - Apports de l'intelligence artificielle." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010185.
Повний текст джерелаRoothaer, Xavier. "Approche multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des os porteurs et non-porteurs : vers une personnalisation des modèles numériques EF de l'être humain." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UPHF0020.
Повний текст джерелаThe human skeleton aims at participating to the locomotor system, protecting and serving as brackets for the internal organs. To ensure the mechanical stiffness of the entire body, the cortical bone can be found in every part of the skeleton. A dynamic process occurs throughout the life and is named bone remodelling. This process adapts the cortical bone architecture and the shape of bones according to their functions. Due to its complexity, bone remodelling can defect in the elderly and weakens bones. This thesis studies the bearing and non-bearing long human bones by focusing on the humerus and femur. A survey of the state of the art, detailed in the first chapter, reveals several lacks. First, the femur is widely investigated compared to the other bones and this unbalance creates a lack of data for the other bones. Therefore, inputs for numerical human models come from deprecated and contradictory studies where the extra-individual differences impact the trends. Second, architectural studies are mainly limited to in-plane assessment whereas the vascular network is complex and needs more robust analyses. Thus, the second chapter describes an innovative method to 3D assess the cortical vascular network from tomographic data. This Python script automatically detects canals, connectivity and Bone Multicellular Units (BMUs), cradle of the bone remodelling activity. Then, 77 samples from left and right femurs and humeri of ten human cadavers are scanned and analysed using this method. As this method provides numerous novel features of the cortical architecture, tensile and indentation tests are also carried out in order to understand and exhibit the impact of the architecture on the mechanical behaviour. Hence, all the scanned samples are tested and available for statistical analysis. So as to identify global trends, humerus and femur are compared using different statistical tests. Likewise, the bias impact is also investigated. Finally, a correlation study followed by a regression study is described so as to provide polynomial functions in order to be used to predict the mechanical behaviour from an architectural study
Chenel, Audrey. "Morphological and mechanical characterization of the human liver to improve a finite element model." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0721/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn road accidents, lesions of the abdomen are life-threatening, and require a long and expensive medical treatment. It is important to offer a better prevention of traumatic abdominal injuries. Numerical models of the human body have been developed to understand the mechanisms of injury. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of a numerical model of human liver for the prediction of liver lesions in case of shock.First, a morphological characterization of the liver was performed on 78 healthy patient scanners and highlight the existence of 4 morphotypes.Then, experiments were carried out to highlight the influence of this pressurization of the vessels on the strain state of the Glisson capsule and to identify the local ultimate strain during an impact.Finally, the numerical models of the 4 identified morphotypes were constructed and used to simulate the deceleration tests performed in the experimental part
Sallah, Kankoe. "Diffusion spatio-temporelle des épidémies : approche comparée des modélisations mathématiques et biostatistiques, cibles d'intervention et mobilité humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0607.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part of this thesis, we have developed a malaria transmission metamodel based on the susceptible-infected-resistant compartmental modeling framework (SIR) and taking into consideration human mobility flows between different villages in the Center of Senegal. Geographically targeted intervention strategies had been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of malaria both within and outside of intervention areas. However, combined interventions targeting both vector and host, coordinated on a large scale are needed in regions and countries aiming to achieve malaria elimination in the short/medium term.In the second part we have evaluated different methods of estimating human mobility in the absence of real data. These methods included spatio-temporal traceability of mobile phones, mathematical models of gravity and radiation. The transport of the pathogen through the geographical space via the mobility of an infected subject is a major determinant of the spread of an epidemic. We introduced the impedance model that minimized the mean square error on mobility estimates, especially in contexts where population sets are characterized by their heterogeneous sizes.Finally, we have expanded the framework of assumptions underlying the calibration of the gravity models of human mobility. The hypothesis of a zero inflated distribution provided a better fit and a better predictability, compared to the classical approach not assuming an excess of zeros: Poisson, Quasipoisson
Pouderoux, Joachim. "Création semi-automatique de modèles numériques de terrains - Visualisation et interaction sur terminaux mobiles communicants." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354701.
Повний текст джерелаDans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à la création de ces modèles à partir d'une source importante de données topographiques constituée par les cartes topographiques. Nous présentons une chaîne complète de traitements permettant de générer un MNT à partir d'une carte topographique numérisée. Nous détaillons particulièrement de nouvelles méthodes de reconstruction des courbes de niveaux et d'interpolation de ces courbes pour générer un MNT. Les différents travaux effectués dans cette thématique s'intègrent au sein de la plate-forme logicielle AutoDEM que nous avons développée durant cette thèse.
Puis, dans une deuxième partie, nous présentons une nouvelle technique permettant de visualiser des MNT en 3D sur une large gamme de dispositifs allant de stations de travail reliées à de grands écrans jusqu'à des terminaux mobiles (TM) à faibles capacités tels que les PDA ou les téléphones portables. L'intérêt majeur de la technique présentée, qui repose sur un mode connecté client-serveur, réside dans l'adaptation dynamique du modèle 3D aux capacités d'affichage du terminal. Nous nous intéressons également à des techniques de rendu à distance et présentons deux techniques permettant d'offrir d'une part une visualisation interactive temps réel et d'autre part un panorama virtuel à l'utilisateur.
Enfin, dans un troisième temps, nous décrivons des techniques nouvelles permettant à un utilisateur mobile disposant d'un TM de naviguer et d'interagir avec des données géographiques (cartes ou plans 2D et scènes 3D). La première est une technique d'interaction tangible et bi-manuelle reposant sur la détection par analyse du flux vidéo d'une cible décrivant un code couleur. La deuxième est une technique de sélection à deux niveaux adaptée aux TM ne disposant pas de dispositif de pointage continu.
Lherisson, Pierre-René. "Système de recommandation équitable d'oeuvres numériques. En quête de diversité." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES018/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecommender systems play a leading role in user’s choice guidance. The search of accuracy in such systems is generally done through an optimization of a function between the items and the users. It has been proved that maximizing only the accuracy does not produce the most useful recommendation for the users. This can confine individuals inside the bubble of their own choices. Additionally, it tends to emphasize the agglomaration of the users’ behavior on few popular items. Thus, it produces a lack of diversity and novelty in recommendations and a limited coverage of the platform catalog. This can lead to an absence of discovery. Monotony and frustration are also induced for the users. This non-discovery is even more crucial if the platform wants to be fair in its recommendations with all contents’ producers (e.g, music artists, writers, video game developers or videographers). The non diversity, and novelty problem is more important for the users because it has been shown that human mind appreciates when moved outside of its comfort zone. For example, the discovery of new artists, the discovery of music genres for which he is not accustomed. In this thesis we present two families of model that aim to go beyond accuracy in content based recommender system scenario. Our two models are based on a user profile understanding prior to bring diversification. They capture the diversity in the user profile and respond to thisdiversity by looking to create a diverse list of recommendation without loosing to much accuracy. The first model is mainly built upon a clustering approach, while the second model is based on an wavelet function. This wavelet function in our model helps us delimit an area where the user will find item slightly different from what he liked in the past. This model is based on the assumption of the existence of a defined intermediate area between similar and different items. This area is also suitable for discovery. Our proposals are tested on a common experimental design that consider well-known datasets and state-of-the-art algorithm. The results of our experiments show that our approaches indeed bring diversity and novelty and are also competitive against state-of-the-art method. We also propose a user-experiment to validate our model based on the wavelet. The results of user centered experiments conclude that this model corresponds with human cognitive and perceptual behavior
Elomary, Youssef. "Modèles déformables et multirésolution pour la détection de contours de traitement d'images." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010656.
Повний текст джерелаNotre propos dans cette thèse est d'étudier ces modèles dans un environnement multirésolution.
Commençant par une étude des contours actifs à haute résolution, nous démontrons un théorème d'existence pour les contours actifs fermés et les contours actifs à extrémités libres. Nous présentons ensuite un nouveau modèle appelé la bulle déformable, qui a l'avantage d'avoir une représentation discrète, d'être relativement robuste au bruit et à la texture et d'agir par faibles déformations.
Ensuite nous étudions quelques techniques de multirésolution, en présentant les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune. A travers une proposition que nous avons montrée, nous établissons le lien entre la multirésolution et la notion de minimisation
d'énergie.
Enfin, nous terminons par une proposition originale qui consiste à faire coopérer les contours actifs et la multirésolution. Cette coopération s'aggrémente de plusieurs approches pour faire passer le contour du haut de la pyramide vers sa base. Elle
associe entre autres une factorisation du modèle des contours actifs, d'une part selon une démarche de type membrane effectuée à basse résolution, et d'autre part selon
une démarche de type plaque mince au travers des différentes résolutions supérieures permettant de réajuster le contour détecté jusqu'à la résolution initiale.
Le, Tellier Bérenger. "Méthode d'évaluation des systèmes de retenue des enfants dans un environnement automobile." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD010.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing changes in Child Restraint System (CRS) regulation in July 2013, an experimental CRS evaluation campaign has been conducted. Then, it has been noticed that the situation amongst the youngest involved in side impact was particularly critical. An original methodology has been therefore developed in order to define the “best” energy absorption materials to use in child seats for head, shoulder and pelvis areas. A parametric study in which the restraint of each body segments was independently piloted has then been conducted. The aim was to minimize either regulatory criteria of Q0 and Q1 dummies, or biomechanical criteria based on Q0-6WOC hybrid model. Those recommendations have thereafter been applied to improve an existing child restraint system under side impact. First, it has been checked that resultant linear acceleration of the head and HPC criteria were below regulation limits. Second, Finite Element (FE) model of the optimized car seat has been created and validated in several dynamical steps. Third, both reference child restraint system and optimized child seat has been evaluated in side impact with Q0-6WOC hybrid model. Finally, it has been showed that technical changes helped to cut in half the biomechanical results
Paillot, Damien. "Gestion de données pour la visualisation de maquettes numériques en environnement virtuel immersif : application au design automobile." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001563.
Повний текст джерелаPannetier, Romain. "Développement des modèles biomécaniques de l’humain pour l’évaluation ergonomique de commandes automobiles : application à la pédale d’embrayage." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10214/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis takes place in the context of the development of digital human models forergonomic assessment of vehicle design, particularly automotive controls. It aims to developbiomechanical models that can take into account the dynamics of movement and the forceexerted during a task to predict the movement and the associated discomfort. This workfocused on the clutch pedal.For the development of the discomfort criteria, the concept of neutral movement is explored.An approach, based on comparing imposed pedal configurations and less constrained pedalconfigurations movements, has been proposed. It allowed the identification of relevantbiomechanical parameters and to propose indicators of discomfort for the design of the clutchpedal.The relationships between posture and force exertion were studied experimentally by varyingthe level of force exerted on a static pedal. Our results show that the direction of forceexertion and the postural adjustment follow the principle of minimization of joint torques.Furthermore, the use of a criterion for minimizing muscle activity showed an improvement inpredicting the direction of effort for the low and intermediate force levels.Discomfort indicators proposed in this study provide objective information that allows designengineers to compare design alternatives. Work on the control mechanisms of force exertionand posture is, in turn, a first step towards the simulation of posture/movement by taking intoaccount force exertion
Piovano, Jérôme. "Image segmentation and level set method : application to anatomical head model creation." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4062.
Повний текст джерелаMagnetic Resonance Images (MRI) have been introduced at the end of the XXth century and have revolutionized the world of modern medicine, allowing to view with precision the inside of anatomical structures in a non-invasive way. This imaging technique has greatly contributed to the study and comprehension of the human brain, allowing to discern with precision the different anatomical structures composing the head, especially the cerebral cortex. Discernment between these anatomical structures is called segmentation, and consist in “extracting” structures of interest from MRIs. Several models exists to perform image segmentation, and this thesis focus on those based on hypersurface evolutions: an hypersurface (surface in 3D) is incrementally adjusted to finally fit the border of the region of interest. A head model corresponds to the partitioning of the head into several segmented anatomical structures. A classic head model generally includes 5 anatomical structures (skin, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter), nested inside each other in the manner of “Russian nested dolls”. Nevertheless because of the complexity of their shapes, manual segmentation of these structures is tedious and extremely difficult. This thesis is dedicated to the creation of new segmentation models robust to MRI alterations, and to the application of these models in the purpose of automatic creation of anatomical head models. After briefly reviewing some classical models in image segmentation, two contributions to segmentation based on hypersurface evolution are proposed. The first one corresponds to a new representation and a new numerical scheme for the level-sets method, based on quadrilateral finite elements. This representation aims at improving the accuracy and robustness of the model. The second contribution corresponds to a new segmentation model based on local statistics, and robust to standard MRI alterations. This model aims at unifying several 'state-of-the-art' models in image segmentation. Finally, a framework for automatic creation of anatomical head models is proposed, mainly using the previous local-statistic based segmentation model
Lafarge, Florent. "Modèles stochastiques pour la reconstruction tridimensionnelle d'environnements urbains." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179695.
Повний текст джерелаNous proposons une approche structurelle pour aborder ce sujet. Cela consiste à modéliser un bâtiment comme un assemblage de modules urbains élémentaires extraits d'une bibliothèque de modèles 3D paramétriques. Dans un premier temps, nous extrayons les supports 2D de ces modules à partir d'un Modèle Numérique d' Elévation (MNE). Le résultat est un agencement de quadrilatères dont les éléments voisins sont connectés entre eux. Ensuite, nous reconstruisons les bâtiments en recherchant la configuration optimale de modèles 3D se fixant sur les supports précédemment extraits. Cette configuration correspond à la réalisation qui maximise une densité mesurant la cohérence entre la réalisation et le MNE, mais également prenant en compte des connaissances a priori telles que des lois d'assemblage des modules. Nous discutons enfin de la pertinence de cette approche en analysant les résultats obtenus à partir de données satellitaires (simulations PLEIADES). Des expérimentations sont également réalisées à partir d'images aériennes mieux résolues.
Reseco, Bato Miguel. "Nouvelle méthodologie générique permettant d’obtenir la probabilité de détection (POD) robuste en service avec couplage expérimental et numérique du contrôle non destructif (CND)." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESAE0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe performance assessment of non-destructive testing (NDT) procedures in aeronautics is a key step in the preparation of the aircraft's certification document. Such a demonstration of performance is done through the establishment of Probability of Detection (POD) laws integrating all sources of uncertainty inherent in the implementation of the procedure. These uncertainties are due to human and environmental factors in In-Service maintenance tasks. To establish experimentally these POD curves, it is necessary to have data from a wide range of operator skills, defect types and locations, material types, test protocols, etc. Obtaining these data evidences high costs and significant delays for the aircraft manufacturer. The scope of this thesis is to define a robust methodology of building POD from numerical modeling. The POD robustness is ensured by the integration of the uncertainties through statistical distributions issued from experimental data or engineering judgments. Applications are provided on titanium beta using high frequency eddy currents NDT technique. First, an experimental database will be created from three environments: laboratory, A321 aircraft and A400M aicraft. A representative sample of operators, with different certification levels in NDT technique, will be employed. Multiple inspection scenarios will be carried out to analyze these human and environmental factors. In addition, this study will take into account the impact of using different equipments in the HFEC test. This database is used, subsequently, to build statistical distributions. These distributions are the input data of the simulation models of the inspection. These simulations are implemented with the CIVA software. A POD module, based on the Monte Carlo method, is integrated into this software. This module will be applied to address human and ergonomic influences on POD. Additionally this module will help us to understand in a better way the equipment impact in POD curves. Finally, the POD model will be compared and validated with the experimental results developed
Damiand, Guillaume. "Définition et étude d'un modèle topologique minimal de représentation d'images 2d et 3d." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00211340.
Повний текст джерелаPour répondre à ce problème, nous définissons d'abord la carte topologique en dimension 2 en ayant comme préoccupation principale son extension en dimension supérieure. Nous introduisons une notion de niveau de simplification qui permet une définition progressive, chaque niveau s'obtenant simplement à partir du niveau précédent par application d'un type particulier de fusion. Cette notion permet de simplifier la définition de la carte topologique qui correspond au dernier niveau. Ces niveaux de simplification s'étendent sans difficulté majeure en dimension 3, et en dimension n. Ils facilitent également l'étude de la carte topologique et la preuve de ses propriétés. Ce modèle est en effet minimal, complet, invariant par rotation, translation et homothétie, et unique.
Nous présentons des algorithmes d'extraction permettant de construire ce modèle à partir d'images segmentées. Un premier algorithme << naïf >> effectue plusieurs passes sur l'image et n'est pas linéaire en dimension 3. Nous étudions ensuite un algorithme optimal d'extraction, basé sur la notion de précode, effectuant un seul balayage de l'image et un nombre minimal d'opérations. Les niveaux de simplification permettent de regrouper les nombreux cas à traiter, en étudiant pour chaque niveau les cas supplémentaires par rapport au niveau précédent.
Chen, Cheng. "Contribution à la prise en compte des effets de l’environnement sur la tolérance aux dommages d'impact de stratifiés composites." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe extensive application of composite laminates in aeronautical industries demands a thorough understanding of their mechanical behaviours and damage. The prediction of impact behaviour, impact damage and the associated mechanisms under complex environmental effects remain still an open issue. The effects of various humid ageing conditions (No ageing, 65% relative humidity and 90% relative humidity ageing) and environ mental temperatures (room temperature and 80°C) on the intra-Iaminar and inter-Iaminar properties are characterized. A particular emphasis is laid on the study of different non linear behaviours of in plane shear. A progressive damage model based on continuum damage mechanics is proposed to describe intra laminar mechanical behaviour by taking into account the identified in-plane shear nonlinear phenomenon. This model is then applied in numerical simulation on low velocity impact combined with cohesive law in interface to predict the impact response and associated damage (ie. Fibre failure, matrix cracks and delaminations). The damage model is implemented in LS Dyna as user defined material laws.lmpact tests on laminate coupons with different stratifications are performed to validate the numerical simulation. Good agreement is achieved especially for nonaged material under room temperature between numerical and experimental results in terms of contact force history, platedeflection and impact duration. By means of non-destructive inspection, the impact damage is coherent with predicted results concerning fiber damage location, matrix cracks especially the through thickness delamination
Nérot, Agathe. "Modélisation géométrique du corps humain (externe et interne) à partir des données externes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1133.
Повний текст джерелаDigital human models have become instrumental tools in the analysis of posture and motion in many areas of biomechanics, including ergonomics and clinical settings. These models include a geometric representation of the body surface and an internal linkage composed of rigid segments and joints allowing simulation of human movement. The customization of human models first starts with the adjustment of external anthropometric dimensions, which are then used as input data to the adjustment of internal skeletal segments lengths. While the external data points are more readily measurable using current 3D scanning tools, the scientific challenge is to predict the characteristic points of the internal skeleton from external data only. The Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak (Arts et Métiers ParisTech) has developed 3D reconstruction methods of bone and external envelope from biplanar radiographs obtained from the EOS system (EOS Imaging, Paris), a low radiation dose technology. Using this technology, this work allowed proposing new external-internal statistical relationships to predict points of the longitudinal skeleton, particularly the complete set of spine joint centers, from a database of 80 subjects. The implementation of this work could improve the realism of current digital human models used for biomechanical analysis requiring information of joint center location, such as the estimation of range of motion and joint loading
Boltz, Sylvain. "Un cadre statistique en traitement d'images et vidéos par approche variationnelle avec modélisation haute dimension." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507488.
Повний текст джерелаPAQUERAULT, Sophie. "Restitution du relief à partir d'images radar par radarclinométrie." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005664.
Повний текст джерелаNébouy, David. "Printing quality assessment by image processing and color prediction models." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4018/document.
Повний текст джерелаPrinting, though an old technique for surface coloration, considerably progressed these last decades especially thanks to the digital revolution. Professionals who want to meet the demands in terms of quality regarding the visual rendering of their clients thus want to know to which extent human observers are sensitive to the degradation of an image. Such questions regarding the perceived quality of a reproduced image can be split into two different topics: the printing quality as capacity of a printing system of accurately reproduce an original digital image, and the printed image quality which results from both the reproduction quality and the quality of the original image itself. The first concept relies on physical analysis of the way the original image is deteriorated when transferred onto the support, and we propose to couple it with a sensorial analysis, which aims at assessing perceptual attributes by giving them a value on a certain scale, determined with respect to reference samples classified by a set of observers. The second concept includes the degradation due to the printing plus the perceived quality of the original image, not in the scope of this work. In this report, we focus on the printing quality concept. Our approach first consists in the definition of several printing quality indices, based on measurable criteria using assessment tools based on “objective” image processing algorithms and optical models on a printed-then-scanned image. PhD work made in Hubert Curien Laboratory
Chamaret, Damien. "Plate-forme de réalité virtuelle pour l'étude de l'accessibilité et de l'extraction de lampes sur prototype virtuel automobile." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540899.
Повний текст джерелаZhu, Shousheng. "Modeling, identifiability analysis and parameter estimation of a spatial-transmission model of chikungunya in a spatially continuous domain." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2341/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn different fields of research, modeling has become an effective tool for studying and predicting the possible evolution of a system, particularly in epidemiology. Due to the globalization and the genetic mutation of certain diseases or transmission vectors, several epidemics have appeared in regions not yet concerned in the last years. In this thesis, a model describing the transmission of the chikungunya epidemic to the human population is studied. As a novelty, this model incorporates the spatial mobility of humans. Indeed, it is an interesting factor that has influenced the re-emergence of several epidemic diseases. The displacement of mosquitoes is omitted since it is limited to a few meters. The complete model (ODEs-PDEs model) is then composed of a reaction-diffusion system (taken the form of semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs)) coupled with ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We prove the existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of a global solution of this model at first and then give some numerical simulations. In such a model, some parameters are not directly accessible from experiments and have to be estimated numerically. However, before searching for their values, it is essential to verify the identifiability of parameters in order to assess whether the set of unknown parameters can be uniquely determined from the data. This study will insure that numerical procedures can be successful. If the identifiability is not ensured, some supplementary data have to be added. In fact, a first identifiability study had been done for the ODEs model by considering that the number of eggs can be easily counted. However, after discussing with epidemiologist searchers, it appears that it is the number of larvae which can be estimated weeks by weeks. Thus, we will do an identifiability study for the novel ODEs-PDEs model with this assumption. Thanks to an integration of one of the model equations, some easier equations linking the inputs, outputs and parameters are obtained which really simplify the study of identifiability. From the identifiability study, a method and numerical procedure are proposed for estimating the parameters without any knowledge of them
Blusseau, Samy. "On salience and non-accidentalness : comparing human vision to a contrario algorithms." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present dissertation compares the human visual perception to computer vision algorithms based on a mathematical model called a-contrario theory. To this aim, it focuses on two visual tasks that are at the same time easy to model and convenient to test in psychophysical experiments. Both tasks consist in the perceptual grouping of oriented elements, namely Gabor patches. The first one is the detection of alignments and the second one extends to curves, that is to say to more general arrangements of elements in good continuation. In both cases, alignments and curves, psychophysical experiments were set up to collect data on the human visual perception in a masking context.The non-accidentalness principle states that spatial relations are perceptually relevant when their accidental occurrence is unlikely. The a-contrario theory is a formalization of this principle, and is used in computer vision to set detection thresholds accordingly. In this thesis, the a-contrario framework is applied in two practical algorithms designed to detect non-accidental alignments and curves respectively. These algorithms play the part of artificial subjects for our experiments.The experimental data of human subjects is then compared to the detection algorithms on the very same tasks, yielding two main results. First, this procedure shows that the Number of False Alarms (NFA), which is the scalar measure of non-accidentalness in the a-contrario theory, strongly correlates with the detection rates achieved by human subjects on a large variety of stimuli. Secondly,the algorithms' responses match very well the average behavior of human observers.The contribution of this thesis is therefore two-sided. On the one hand, it provides a rigorous validation of the a-contrario theory's relevance to estimate visual thresholds and implement visual tasks in computer vision. On the other hand, it reinforces the importance of the non-accidentalness principle in human vision.Aiming at reproducible research, all the methods are submitted to IPOL journal, including detailed descriptions of the algorithms, commented reference source codes, and online demonstrations for each one
Guébert, Christophe. "Suture en chirurgie virtuelle : simulation interactive et modèles hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561061.
Повний текст джерелаKihl, Olivier. "Modélisations polynomiales hiérarchisées applications à l'analyse de mouvements complexes." Poitiers, 2012. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/25242/2012-Kihl-Olivier-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD thesis, we suggest a method which models every kind of movement with orthogonal polynomials basis. The main goal is to propose a hierarchical modeling of vector fields suitable for all types of fields. We study different space partitioning methods, including regular grids, quadtree and Voronoi diagrams, in order to take into account the local complexity of the field in order to refine modeling. We obtain qualitative results showing the benefit of this method. In addition, we propose a procedure for generating polynomial bases to model sparse fields. We apply this modeling approach in two contexts. The detection of singular points in the motion fields and the recognition of human movements. Both applications allow us to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, since we obtain similar results to the most effective methods of literature
Bouvier, Christian. "Segmentation région-contour des contours des lèvres." Phd thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462022.
Повний текст джерелаDib, Abdallah. "Vers un système de capture du mouvement humain en 3D pour un robot mobile évoluant dans un environnement encombré." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0045/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we are interested in designing a mobile robot able to analyze the behavior and movement of a a person in indoor and cluttered environment. Our goal is to equip the robot by visual perception capabilities of the human posture to better analyze situations that require understanding of person with which the robot interacts, or detect risk situations such as falls or analyze motor skills of the person. Motion capture in a dynamic and crowded environment raises multiple challenges such as learning the background of the environment and extracting the silhouette that can be partially observable when the person is in hidden places. These difficulties make motion capture difficult. Most of existing methods assume that the scene is static and the person is always fully visible by the camera. These approaches are not able to work in such realistic conditions. In this thesis, We propose a new motion capture system capable of tracking a person in realistic world conditions. Our approach uses a 3D occupancy grid with a hidden Markov model to continuously learn the changing background of the scene and to extract silhouette of the person, then a hierarchical particle filtering algorithm is used to reconstruct the posture. We propose a novel occlusion management algorithm able to identify and discards hidden body parts of the person from process of the pose estimation. We also proposed a new database containing RGBD images with ground truth data in order to establish a new benchmark for the assessment of motion capture systems in a real environment with occlusions. The ground truth is obtained from a motion capture system based on high-precision marker with eight infrared cameras. All data is available online. The second contribution of this thesis is the development of a new visual odometry method to localize an RGB-D camera mounted on a robot moving in a dynamic environment. The major difficulty of the localization in a dynamic environment, is that mobile objects in the scene induce additional movement that generates outliers pixels. These pixels should be excluded from the camera motion estimation process in order to produce accurate and precise localization. We thus propose an extension of the dense localization method based on the optical flow method to remove outliers pixels using the RANSAC algorithm
Baudour, Alexis. "Détection de filaments dans des images 2D et 3D : modélisation, étude mathématique et algorithmes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507520.
Повний текст джерелаJehan-Besson, Stéphanie. "Modèles de contours actifs basés régions pour la segmentation d'images et de vidéos." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089867.
Повний текст джерелаNous proposons de segmenter les régions ou objets en minimisant une fonctionnelle composée d'intégrales de régions et d'intégrales de contours. Dans ce cadre de travail, les fonctions caractérisant les régions ou les contours sont appelées "descripteurs''. La recherche du minimum se fait via la propagation d'un contour actif dit basé régions. L'équation d'évolution associée est calculée en utilisant les outils de dérivation de domaines. Par ailleurs, nous prenons en compte le cas des descripteurs dépendant de la région qui évoluent au cours de la propagation du contour. Nous montrons que cette dépendance induit des termes supplémentaires dans l'équation d'évolution.
Le cadre de travail développé est ensuite mis en oeuvre pour des applications variées de segmentation. Tout d'abord, des descripteurs statistiques basés sur le déterminant de la matrice de covariance sont étudiés pour la segmentation du visage. L'estimation des paramètres statistiques se fait conjointement à la segmentation. Nous proposons ensuite des descripteurs statistiques utilisant une distance à un histogramme de référence. Enfin, la détection des objets en mouvement dans les séquences à caméra fixe et mobile est opérée via l'utilisation hierarchique de descripteurs basés mouvement et de descripteurs spatiaux.
Polette, Arnaud. "Analyse de maillages surfaciques par construction et comparaison de modèles moyens et par décomposition par graphes s'appuyant sur les courbures discrètes : application à l'étude de la cornée humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4084/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis comprises three parts. The first two parts concern the development of methods for the construction of mean geometric models and for model comparison. Several issues are addressed, such as the construction of an average cornea and the comparison of corneas. Currently, there are few studies with these objectives because the matching of corneal surfaces is a non-trivial problem. In addition to help to develop a better understanding of the corneal anatomy, 3D models of normal corneas can be used to detect any significant deviation from the norm, thereby allowing for an early diagnosis of diseases or abnormalities using the shape of the cornea. The second part of this thesis aims to develop a method for recognizing a surface from a group of surfaces using their 3D acquisitions in a biometric application pertinent to the cornea. The concept behind this method is to quantify the difference between each surface and a given surface and to determine the threshold for recognition. Two complementary methods are proposed. A cascading methodology using both methods to combine the advantages of each method is also proposed. The third and final part of this thesis focuses on a new method for decomposing 3D triangulated meshes into graphs. We use discrete curvature maps as the shape descriptor to split the mesh in eight different categories. Next, an adjacency graph is built with a node for each patch. These graphs are used to extract geometric characteristics described by patterns that allow for the detection of specific regions in a 3D model or recurrent characteristics
Alkhatib, Rami. "Human locomotion analysis, classification and modeling of normal and pathological vertical ground reaction force signals in elderly." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES029/document.
Повний текст джерелаWalking is defined as sequences of repetitive cyclic gestures. It was already shown that the speed and the variability of these sequences can reveal abilities or motorskill failures. The originality of this work is to analyze and characterize the steps of elderly persons by using pressure signals. In a preliminary study, we showed that pressure signals are characterized by cyclostationarity. In this study, we intend to exploit the nonstationarity of the signals in a search for new indicators that can help in gait signal classification between normal and Parkinson subjects in the elderly population. These parameters are tested on a population of 47 subjects. First, we started with preprocessing the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) signals and showed in this first part of the thesis that filtering can remove a vital part of the signal. That is why an adaptive filter based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was built. Turning points are filtered using synochronosqueezing of time-frequency representations of the signal. We also showed that the content of gait force signals is highly affected by unquantifiable parameter such as cognitive tasks which make them hard to be normalized. That is why features being extracted are derived from inter-subject comparison. For example we equated the difference in the load distribution between feet. It is also recommended in this work to choose the mid-sensor rather than relying on summation of forces from array of sensors for classification purposes. A hypothesis of balanced and unbalanced gait is verified to be potential in improving the classification accuracy. The power of this hypothesis is shown by using the load distribution and Age×Speed in the first classifier and the correlation in the second classifier. A time series simulation of VGRF based on a modified version of nonstationary- Markov model of first order is derived. This model successfully predict gaits in normal subjects and fairly did in Parkinson’s gait. We found out that the three modes: time, frequency and space are helpful in analyzing force signals that is why parallel factor analysis is introduced as a tensor method to be used in a future work