Дисертації з теми "Modèle hiérarchique du financement"
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Guo, Yugang. "Les déterminants de la structure du capital pour les sociétés cotées chinoises :." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT4020.
Повний текст джерелаGiven the socialist market economy of China, it has proven to be extremely interesting to investigate the sources of Chinese companies financing as well as their capital structure. This dissertation will explore whether this structure is the result of a free choice or is only the reflection of a planned economy whose financial system is dominated by large-scale state-owned banks. An econometric analysis is constructed on both a sample of 1,140 Chinese firms (2006 figures) and their financing choices from internal to external (from internal financing to equity financing). We try to verify whether these choices confirm the modern finance theory of capital structure (pecking order model and trade-off model). Our findings will suggest that the capital structure determinants of Chinese Companies are consistent with the capital structure determinants of both industrialized and emerging countries. The findings will also show that the modern market theory is portable to China, despite profound institutional differences between China and the western world
Poincelot, Evelyne. "Théories du financement hiérarchique et structure financière." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE003.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to appreciate the explinations gived by the pecking order theories in the determination of capital structure. The thesis include two parts. Its first part has the objective to position the pecking order theories with respect to the determination of the theories of capital structure. It include three chapters. In which the compromise theories (tradeoff of the costs and benefits of different financing) and the pecking order theories (class the financings). Their principal characteristics and then an interpretation of the discovered differences between these two categories of models are successively presented. Its second part is centred on the appreciation of the pecking order theories. Considering the internal coherence (critical study of the hypothesis, reasoning, conclusion of models) and the external coherence (study of the explanatory power of every theory) and include three chapters. Empical tests were envisaged when predictions of pecking order theories are in contradiction with these of the compromise theories and these of models where the classification between financings was advocated
Mbobi, Mokhoo. "Modélisation hétérogène non-hiérarchique." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112211.
Повний текст джерелаEmbedded systems are naturally heterogeneous. Currently, modeling tools used for modeling embedded systems use a hierarchical approach. This approach although avoiding the combinatorial explosion of the number of interfaces between models of Computation (MoCs) forces the change of hierarchical level when passing from one MoC to another. But, this coupling between hierarchy and model changing perturbs the structure of the model, affects the modularity and makes difficult the maintainability of the model. Moreover this coupling is harmfull to the reuse of the component. This thesis proposes a new approach that dissociates the MoC from this hierarchy. This approach uses two components : a "Heterogeneous Interface Components (HIC) " and a "Non-Hierarchical Heterogeneous Execution Model". A HIC have inputs and outputs of different nature to allow the heterogeneous communication in a system. The Execution Model reorganizes the system by partitionning, i. E. By creating homogenous subsystems at the border of the heterogeneous behavior. It schedules the activation of those subsystems and delegates their internal scheduling to their regular MoC. Finally it executes the system. This approach presents several advantages : the use of several components that use heterogeneous inputs or outputs at the same level of the hierarchy. The separation of control flow and data flow increases the reuse of the components. The explicit specification of the heterogeneous behavior of the system at the boundary between different MoCs as an integral part of the system, contributes efficiently to the modularity and the maintainability of the models
Reynaud, Bénédicte. "Le modèle hiérarchique : une méthode d'analyse des relations salariales." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100112.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is an attempt to solve the qualitative uncertainly problem, concerning the salarial relationship. It defines a situation in which the “quality” of the worker, his productivity, is unknow before the exchange and is still inobservable after. Central of this question, is the necessity of an economic theory of rules. The research has two parts: the first one is an analysis of the social representation. The second one deals with the social construction. The first chapter analyses the neo classical theories which have considered the radical uncertainty as a real problem to be solved. Their problem is to give a response at the following question: which conception of rules though their theisis of an autoregulated market? The second chapter has to do with the heterodox theories which have embodied the critic of the market with the rules. The third chapter explains the Louis Dumont’s thesis. The second part is an attempt to elaborate an analysis pattern of salarial relationships, the hierarchical pattern. In the chapter IV, we show that qualitive incertainly does not have the adequate solutions as far as the walrasian and quasiwalrasian paradigme is concern. We explain the general scheme of our pattern: a dualism –labor market, rules or norms, -entreprise as an intermediate, and a juridical conception of norm: il is an evaluation tool and a pattern. The chapter V applies the pattern to the analysis of the emvergence of a specific rule, the unemployment at the end of XIX century. The chapter VI applies the model to the analysis of salarial relationship in France, in the actual crisis. There are two results: on the one hand, the impact of intermedial forms in the stabilization of salarial relationship; on the other hand, an interpretation of the crisis. It is a crisis of exces of differenciation of rules and a crisis of intermediation or enterprise crisis
Bensaïd, Nourredine. "Contribution à la réalisation d'un modèle d'architecture multi-agent hiérarchique." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-155.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаL'architecture de contrôle de MAGIQUE vise à supporter des applications complexes mettant en oeuvre un grand nombre d'agents moyennant des méthodes de communication récursives et un contrôle efficace. Des instanciations de notre modèle sont présentées pour illustrer son fonctionnement. Nous proposons notamment un système de gestion des moteurs d'inférence repartis illustrant la coopération d'un ensemble d'agents ayant des capacités d'inférence différentes. A cet effet, l'application multi-expert développée est constituée d'agents spécialistes dont les moteurs d'inférence peuvent fonctionner en chaînage avant, en chaînage arrière, ou même dans différentes logiques
Nous avons aussi appliqué notre architecture à la simulation de l'exploration d'un territoire inconnu par un ensemble de robots autonomes. Ces derniers sont représentés par des agents spécialistes qui possèdent leur propre stratégie d'exploration et qui coopèrent entre-eux directement ou indirectement via leur superviseur afin d'explorer la totalité du territoire. Les superviseurs possèdent de plus un mécanisme de régulation de charge qui permet d'équilibrer le travail des spécialistes. En conclusion, le modèle d'architecture multi-agent hiérarchique présenté à travers MAGIQUE concilie à la fois l'efficacité d'un contrôle hiérarchique, la possibilité d'appréhender l'état global d'un groupe d'agents via la structure tableau noir du superviseur, et tous les avantages de l'approche de résolution basée sur des agents autonomes. Notre modèle hiérarchique se révèle adapté pour supporter des applications client/serveur physiquement distribuées, et apporte des avantages multiples en terme de fiabilité, d'efficacité et d'adaptativité. Dans le futur, nous pensons appliquer notre architecture au problème de navigation d'un usager distant géographiquement dans un magasin virtuel
Kako, Dano. "Estimation des paramètres dans un modèle hiérarchique de processus stochastiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5008.
Повний текст джерелаGhadi, Abderrahim. "Modèle hiérarchique de contrôle d'accès d'UNIX basé sur un graphe de rôles." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6005.
Повний текст джерелаConcerning access control, can the following question be addressed : "Is the access control system decidable ?". In other words : is it true that starting from a safe state of protection, we can assume at any time that is no intrusion which will endanger our system ?. In order to answer this question, we propose to model the access control system in the form of a graph of roles. The roles, which represent the vertices of graph contain, according to the security-policy, certain number of privileges. Every privilege represents one or several access rights on a given object. We presented two methods of use of this graph : The first consists in using an algorithm, which we developed by basing itself on the algorithms of the theory of the graphs, permit to search all over the path of the graph in order to find illicit privilege transfer. The second consists in storing our graph in a directory LDAP, this which brings us to develop a new plan LDAP to represent our graph of roles
Cerveaux, Laurent Kevin. "Analyse de la pertinence du modèle de financement du capital investissement." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo provide an answer to the issue of this thesis which examines the relevance of the financing model of the private equity, this work is divided into four parts. In the first, we analyze the foundations of the private equity business. We study the organizational structure of the activity and its determinants. The second part focuses on economic integration issues of the private equity. We show that this financial activity is a net creator of jobs and it enhances the competitiveness and economic resilience of firms. The third part deals with the relationship of cause and effect between private equity and the subprime crisis. We show, first that the private equity has not played a key role in the origin and development of this crisis and, secondly, that the regulatory reforms of the sector lead to changes in the distribution of its flows both in terms of business segments that in geographical centralization. The fourth part examines the relationship between private equity inflows in a country and its exchange rate. We show that the undervaluation of a currency increases its attractiveness for private equity deals. This thesis emphasizes, therefore, the fundamental role of private equity transactions in the economy and the impact of policy changes on a country private equity's inflows
Diard, Julien. "La carte bayésienne : un modèle probabiliste hiérarchique pour la navigation en robotique mobile." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004369.
Повний текст джерелаcomportement ? Qu'est-ce-que naviguer, se localiser et prédire, pour un
robot mobile devant accomplir une tâche donnée ?
Ces questions n'ont pas de réponses uniques ou évidentes à ce jour, et
restent centrales à de nombreux domaines de recherches.
La robotique, par exemple, souhaite y répondre en vue de la synthèse de
systèmes sensori-moteurs performants. Les sciences cognitives placent ces
questions comme essentielles à la compréhension des êtres vivants, de leurs
compétences, et au-delà, de leurs intelligences.
Notre étude se situe à la croisée de ces disciplines. Nous étudions tout
d'abord les méthodes probabilistes classiques (Localisation Markovienne,
PDMPOs, MMCs, etc.), puis certaines approches dites "bio-inspirées"
(Berthoz, Franz, Kuipers). Nous analysons les avantages et inconvénients
respectifs de ces approches en les replaçant dans un cadre général de
programmation des robots basé sur l'inférence bayésienne (PBR).
Nous proposons un formalisme original de modélisation probabiliste de
l'interaction entre un robot et son environnement : la carte bayésienne.
Dans ce cadre, définir une carte revient à spécifier une distribution de
probabilités particulière. Certaines des questions évoquées ci-dessus se
ramènent alors à la résolution de problèmes d'inférence probabiliste.
Nous définissons des opérateurs d'assemblage de cartes bayésiennes,
replaçant ainsi les notions de "hiérarchie de cartes" et de développement
incrémental comme éléments centraux de notre approche, en accord avec les
données biologiques. En appuyant l'ensemble de notre travail sur le
formalisme bayésien, nous profitons d'une part d'une capacité de traitement
unifié des incertitudes, et d'autre part, de fondations mathématiques
claires et rigoureuses. Notre formalisme est illustré par des exemples
implantés sur un robot mobile Koala.
Loingeville, Florence. "Modèle linéaire généralisé hiérarchique Gamma-Poisson pour le contrôle de qualité en microbiologie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10005/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we propose an analysis of variance method for discrete data from quality control in microbiology. To identify the issues of this work, we start by studying the analysis of variance method currently used in microbiology, its benefits, drawbacks, and limits. We propose a first model to respond the problem, corresponding to a linear model with two nested fixed factors. We use the analyse of deviance method to develop significance tests, that proved to be efficient on data sets of proficiency testings in microbiology. We then introduce a new model involving random factors. The randomness of the factors allow to assess and to caracterize the overdispersion observed in results of counts from proficiency testings in microbiology, that is one of the main objectives of this work. The new model corresponds to a Gamma-Poisson Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model with three random factors. We propose a method based on this model to estimate dispersion parameters, fixed, and random effects. We show practical applications of this method to data sets of proficiency testings in microbiology, that prove the goodness of fit of the model to real data. We also develop significance tests of the random factors from this new model, and a new method to assess the performance of the laboratories taking part in a proficiency testing. We finally introduce a near-exact distribution for the product of independent generalized Gamma random variables, in order to characterize the intensity of the Poisson distribution of the model. This approximation, developped from a factorization of the characteristic function, is very precise and can be used to detect outliers
Bellettre, Ingrid. "Les choix de financement des Très Petites Entreprises." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579822.
Повний текст джерелаDulu, Olivier. "Approche structurale de la compétence à s’orienter : proposition d’un modèle général, hiérarchique, dynamique et multivarié." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0949/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhat is the decision-making structure that underpins career self-determination? Having examined existing models and various studies of the impact of their respective variables, we propose a general model which is inspired by three others: a structural model differentiating between internal and external axes, a hierarchical model and a dynamic model. In order to confirm this hypothesis, we have conducted two distinct experiments. The first of these, with a sample group of 665 students from three university backgrounds (psychology, general science and humanities), enabled us to observe the changing dynamics of career maturity during a career guidance activity. The second experiment, carried out with 322 psychology and science students, showed the interaction of numerous internal personal characteristics, such as the locus of control, the feeling of self-efficacy, autonomy, decision stress and career maturity. As opposed to earlier general preconceptions, we suggest that this last characteristic (career maturity) is just one of the components of a general self-determination model based on hierarchy, dynamics and multiple variables. Subsequent research, carried out with 186 students, has shown the moderating and conflictual aspects of the values (autonomy and stimulation) adopted by persons open to change and the values (tradition and conformity) of persons preferring to continue without change within the decision process
Zou, Zhaomin. "La transition financière chinoise : un modèle de financement alternatif dans un contexte de libéralisation financière." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973231.
Повний текст джерелаPasanisi, Alberto. "Aide à la décision dans la gestion des parcs de compteurs d'eau potable." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000935.
Повний текст джерелаServigny, Arnaud de. "Un modèle général d'économie financière : financement de l'économie et formation de la structure des taux d'intérêt." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010033.
Повний текст джерелаThis model is a macroeconomic model, based on rational expectation and game theory. The behaviour of several actors is carefully studied, such as : commercial banks consumer central bank long term bond market need for money from real economy the confrontation of these actors in a single model enables to arrive to several conclusions : cooperation between macro actors to arrive to an optimal policy influence of this cooperation on the shape of the term structure of interest rates
Contes, Arnaud. "Une architecture de sécurité hiérarchique, adaptable et dynamique pour la grille." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00239252.
Повний текст джерелаPoulin, Marc-André. "Un modèle de qualité logicielle basé sur une architecture favorisant l'agrégation des données selon le processus d'analyse hiérarchique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33180.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBoutin, Victor. "Etude d’un algorithme hiérarchique de codage épars et prédictif : vers un modèle bio-inspiré de la perception visuelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0028.
Повний текст джерелаBuilding models to efficiently represent images is a central and difficult problem in the machine learning community. The neuroscientific study of the early visual cortical areas is a great source of inspiration to find economical and robust solutions. For instance, Sparse Coding (SC) is one of the most successful frameworks to model neural computation at the local scale in the visual cortex. At the structural scale of the ventral visual pathways, the Predictive Coding (PC) theory has been proposed to model top-down and bottom-up interaction between cortical regions. The presented thesis introduces a model called the Sparse Deep Predictive Coding (SDPC) that combines Sparse Coding and Predictive Coding in a hierarchical and convolutional architecture. We analyze the SPDC from a computational and a biological perspective. In terms of computation, the recurrent connectivity introduced by the PC framework allows the SDPC to converge to lower prediction errors with a higher convergence rate. In addition, we combine neuroscientific evidence with machine learning methods to analyze the impact of recurrent processing at both the neural organization and representational level. At the neural organization level, the feedback signal of the model accounted for a reorganization of the V1 association fields that promotes contour integration. At the representational level, the SDPC exhibited significant denoising ability which is highly correlated with the strength of the feedback from V2 to V1. These results from the SDPC model demonstrate that neuro-inspiration might be the right methodology to design more powerful and more robust computer vision algorithms
Munoz, François Julien. "Distribution régionale des espèces et dynamique des métapopulations : modèle hiérarchique d'habitat et inférence du taux relatif extension/colonisation." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20012.
Повний текст джерелаA species cannot survive locally unless its biological requirements are met (niche concept). However, because of the stochasticity of its own dynamics and of the dynamics of its environment, every population is doomed to go extinct. Hence the fate of a metapopulation depends on the balance between colonization and extinction of individual populations. The floristic atlas of the French Drôme district by Luc Garraud is the basis and the motivation of our research on this topic. We consider a species' distribution as the spatial map of a single metapopulation. A global theoretical investigation of the processes involved allows us to propose new developments. We show that self-organized spatial and temporal structures are of importance. We also demonstrate that appropriate spatial statistics using spectral analysis allow to evidence metapopulation dynamics. Finally we propose an inference framework that sequentially estimates niche properties and metapopulation features. We use this framework to establish some general ecological features of plant dynamics in the Drôme district. We highlight some principles that are of importance to infer ecological processes from spatial occurrence data. The uncertainty principle means that less precise indexes of spatial structure can provide more relevant ecological information, because they filter out local contingent structures. Also, local processes should be inferred using observations at an intermediate scale and not at the scale of the overall system: this allows taking into account the effect of emergent structures. The niche concept and its spatial counterpart, the habitat, are at the meeting point of such ideas. The perspectives we propose in our work offer interesting and promising milestones in the fields of population and community ecology
Godard, Loig. "Modèle de Gestion Hiérarchique Distribuée pour la Reconfiguration et la Prise de Décision dans les Équipements de Radio Cognitive." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355352.
Повний текст джерелаGodard, Loïg. "Modèle de gestion hiérarchique distribuée pour la reconfiguration et la prise de décision dans les équipements de radio cognitive." Rennes 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355352.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the implementation of a management architecture for cognitive radio equipment for applications in the field of radiocommunications. The architecture is named HDCRAM (Hierarchical and Distributed Cognitive Radio Architecture Management). HDCRAM is hierarchically distributed in the equipment to take into account heterogeneity of execution platforms. Thanks to a precise management for both reconfiguration and decision-making leading to a reconfiguration of all or part of the system. Through the use of UML language, for high level of abstraction modeling, we define a platform independent model of HDCRAM which offers an extended opportunity in terms of reusability and modularity. The choice to use an executable metamodeling language as Kermeta for HDCRAM allows describing both structural and behavioral part of our architecture and gives the opportunity to make functional simulation
Bogadhi, Amarender R. "Une étude expérimentale et théorique de l'intégration de mouvement pour la poursuite lente : Un modèle Bayesien récurrent et hiérarchique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses two studies by studying smooth pursuit eye movements for a translating tilted bar stimulus. First, the dynamic integration of local visual motion signals originating from retina and second, the influence of extra-retinal signals on motion integration. It also proposes a more generalized, hierarchical recurrent bayesian framework for smooth pursuit. The first study involved investigating dynamic motion integration for varying contrasts and speeds using a tilted bar stimuli. Results show that higher speeds and lower contrasts result in higher initial direction bias and subsequent dynamics of motion integration is slower for lower contrasts. It proposes an open-loop version of a recurrent bayesian model where a recurrent bayesian network is cascaded with an oculomotor plant to generate smooth pursuit responses. The model responses qualitatively account for the different dynamics observed in smooth pursuit responses to tilted bar stimulus at different speeds and contrasts. The second study investigated the dynamic interactions between retinal and extra-retinal signals in dynamic motion integration for smooth pursuit by transiently blanking the target at different moments during open-loop and steady-state phases of pursuit. The results suggest that weights to retinal and extra-retinal signals are dynamic in nature and extra-retinal signals dominate retinal signals on target reappearance after a blank introduced during open-loop of pursuit when compared to a blank introduced during steady-state of pursuit. The previous version of the model is updated to a closed-loop version and extended to a hierarchical recurrent bayesian model
Fabre, Karine. "L’influence de l’évolution des modes de financement des entreprises sur le modèle comptable français entre 1890 et 1939." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090047.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to study the influence of financing choices on the accounting practices prevailing in France over the period 1890-1939. The choice of this particular period is due to the absence of accounting standards, which allowed firms to choose their accounting practices with a large degree of freedom. On the other hand, in this period, firms benefited from a potential access to different external sources of financing. The thesis presents two case studies, based on the analysis of annual reports of two French companies, Schneider and L’Air Liquide. The first company relied heavily on self-financing. This financing choice was encouraged by the application of a static accounting system, which remains unchanged between 1890 and 1939. The second one resorted recurrently to capital increases to finance its growth. This choice of financing implied the adoption of a dynamic approach to accounting. Through these case studies, the thesis proves the existence of a close relationship between financing choices and accounting practices. Such relationship can only be explained by resorting to a broader set of factors, such as shareholder structure, sector of activity, and managers’ profile
Champagne, Lucie. "Le financement des pensionnats de jeunes filles au Québec : le modèle de la congrégation des Soeurs de Sainte-Anne, 1850-1950." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9380.
Повний текст джерелаFabre, Karine. "L'influence de l'évolution des modes de financement des entreprises sur le modèle comptable français (1890-1939) - Les cas Schneider et L'Air Liquide." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472904.
Повний текст джерелаMinois, Nathan. "Etude de consistance et applications du modèle Poisson-gamma : modélisation d'une dynamique de recrutement multicentrique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30396/document.
Повний текст джерелаA clinical trial is a biomedical research which aims to consolidate and improve the biological and medical knowledges. The number of patients required il the minimal number of patients to include in the trial in order to insure a given statistical power of a predefined test. The constitution of this patients' database is one of the fundamental issues of a clinical trial. To do so several investigation centres are opened. The duration between the first opening of a centre and the last recruitment of the needed number of patients is called the recruitemtn duration that we aim to model. The fisrt model goes back 50 years ago with the work of Lee, Williford et al. and Morgan with the idea to model the recruitment dynamic using Poisson processes. One problem emerge, that is the lack of caracterisation of the variabliity of recruitment between centers that is mixed with the mean of the recruitment rates. The most effective model is called the Poisson-gamma model which is based on Poisson processes with random rates (Cox process) with gamma distribution. This model is at the very heart of this project. Different objectives have motivated the realisation of this thesis. First of all the validity of the Poisson-gamma model is established asymptotically. A simulation study that we made permits to give precise informations on the model validity in specific cases (function of the number of centers, the recruitement duration and the mean rates). By studying database, one can observe that there can be breaks during the recruitment dynamic. A question that arise is : How and must we take into account this phenomenon for the prediction of the recruitment duration. The study made tends to show that it is not necessary to take them into account when they are random but their law is stable in time. It also veered around to measure the impact of these breaks on the estimations of the model, that do not impact its validity under some stability hypothesis. An other issue inherent to a patient recruitment dynamic is the phenomenon of screening failure. An empirical Bayesian technique analogue to the one of the recruitment process is used to model the screening failure issue. This hierarchical Bayesian model permit to estimate the duartion of recruitment with screening failure consideration as weel as the probability to drop out from the study using the data at some interim time of analysis, giving predictions on the randomisation dynamic. The recruitment dynamic can be studied in many different ways than just the duration of recruitment. These fundamental aspects coupled with the Poisson-gamma model give relevant indicators for the study follow-up. Multiples applications in this sense are computed. It is therefore possible to adjust the number of centers according to predefined objectives, to model the drug's supply chain per region or center and to predict the effect of the randomisation on the power of the test's study. It also allows to model the folow-up period of the patients by means of transversal or longitudinal methods, that can serve to adjust the number of patients if too many quit during the foloww-up period, or to stop the study if dangerous side effects or no effects are observed on interim data. The problematic of the recruitment dynamic can also be coupled with the dynamic of the study itself when it is longitudinal. The independance between these two processes allows easy estimations of the different parameters. The result is a global model of the patient pathway in the trail. Two key examples of such situations are survival data - the model permit to estimate the duration of the trail when the stopping criterion is the number of events observed, and the Markov model - the model permit to estimate the number of patients in a certain state for a given duartion of analysis
Gaud, Nicolas A. "Systèmes multi--agents holoniques : de l'analyse à l'implantation : méta-modèle, méthodologie, et simulation multi-niveaux." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2014.
Повний текст джерелаThe work, presented in this PhD thesis, is concerned with the study of complex systems and aims at provinding a full set of abstractions and the associated methodological guidelines for the analysis, design, implementation and simulation of Holonic MultiAgent Systems (HMAS). HMAS offers a promising software engineering approach for developing complex open software systems. This kind of systems consists in self-similar structures called holons. A set of holons maybe seen, depending on the level of observation, as a unique entity or as a group of holons in interaction. A complex system is made up of a large number of parts that have many interactions. In such systems, the behavior of the whole cannot be directly understood only by knowing the behavior of the parts and their interactions. Complex systems often exhibit a hierarchical structure. The foundation of this thesis consist in exploiting the intrinsic hierarchical structure of complex systems toa analyse and decompose them. In order to conceive modular and reusable models, an organizational approacg is adopted. The principle of the analysis is based on the identification of a hierarchy of organizations, which the global behavior may represent the system under the chosen perspective. The behaviors of the system are recursively decomposed into a set on interacting sub-behaviors, each of these latter being in turn decomposed until we reach some lowest level of elementary sub-behaviors. At a given level, the composed behavior is modeled unsing an organization, and the associated sub-behaviors using roles. The hierarchical organization structure is then mapped to holarchy (hierarchy of holons) in charge of its execution. The concepts presented are then used to study the issues related to the multilevel multiagent simulation. The resulting model is finally applied th the pedestrians simulation in virtual environment
Chagneau, Pierrette. "Modélisation bayésienne hiérarchique pour la prédiction multivariée de processus spatiaux non gaussiens et processus ponctuels hétérogènes d'intensité liée à une variable prédite : application à la prédiction de la régénération en forêt tropicale humide." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20157.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the weak points of forest dynamics models is the recruitment. Classically, ecologists make the assumption that recruitment mainly depends on both spatial pattern of mature trees and environment. A detailed inventory of the stand and the environmental conditions enabled them to show the effects of these two factors on the local density of seedlings. In practice, such information is not available: only a part of seedlings is sampled and the environment is partially observed. The aim of the paper is to propose an approach in order to predict the spatial distribution and the seedlings genotype on the basis of a reasonable sampling of seedling, mature trees and environmental conditions. The spatial pattern of the seedlings is assumed to be a realization of a marked point process. The intensity of the process is not only related to the seed and pollen dispersal but also to the sapling survival. The sapling survival depends on the environment; so the environment must be predicted on the whole study area. The environment is characterized through spatial variables of different nature and predictions are obtained using a spatial hierarchical model. Unlike the existing models which assume the environmental covariables as exactly known, the recruitment model we propose takes into account the error related to the prediction of the environment. The prediction of seedling recruitment in tropical rainforest in French Guiana illustrates our approach
Liang, Yan. "Mise en œuvre d'un simulateur en OCCAM pour la conception d'architectures parallèles à base d'une structure multiprocesseur hiérarchique." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD176.
Повний текст джерелаThe simulation has become an indispensable phase for conception of parallel processing systems, and enables to avoid construction of expensive prototypes. In this paper, a parallel process-oriented simulator written in OCCAM language has been developed. Our objective is to conceive a simulator adapted to a network of transputers for prototyping parallel processing systems by connecting directly the serial transputer channels. As a simulation example, a parallel processor system (coprocessor) based on hierarchical structure : master-slave has been realized at the processor-memory-switch level. The performance analysis is obtained via two queuing models : the former as independent M/M/1 systems and the latter as a M/M/s system. The experimental performance is measured respectively based on the independent tasks and the sequential tasks. The comparison of analytic and experimental results enables us to constate the advantage and limit of the coprocessor and to encourage us to its implementation
Li, Chong. "Un modèle de transition logico-matérielle pour la simplification de la programmation parallèle." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952082.
Повний текст джерелаMialocq, Denis. "Le financement à court terme des moyennes entreprises non cotées françaises : etude en données de panel." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0654/document.
Повний текст джерелаShort-term financing is forgotten by theory of corporate finance. However, French medium-sized firms use a lot this source of funding. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinants of short-term financing for these firms. The first part aims to establish a literature review of theories to explain the use of short-term financing. The second part empirically checks these theories on two samples, specifically 201 family businesses and 1,453 managerial firms. On the one hand, it is a question of characterizing the unlisted medium-sized enterprises and on the other hand, highlighting the determinants of the use of short-term financing. The primary results indicate that short-term financing is a management tool for the medium-sized enterprise. It can also have two functions, one compensatory and / or one passive cash. Furthermore, it brings out that managerial and family businesses exploit short-term financing differently
Hauw, Nicolas. "Un test des déterminants internes de la motivation situationnelle en contexte naturel : approche hiérarchique de la motivation en Education Physique et Sportive." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00197168.
Повний текст джерелаClertant, Matthieu. "Semi-parametric bayesian model, applications in dose finding studies." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066230/document.
Повний текст джерелаPhase I clinical trials is an area in which statisticians have much to contribute. For over 30 years, this field has benefited from increasing interest on the part of statisticians and clinicians alike and several methods have been proposed to manage the sequential inclusion of patients to a study. The main purpose is to evaluate the occurrence of dose limiting toxicities for a selected group of patients with, typically, life threatening disease. The goal is to maximize the potential for therapeutic success in a situation where toxic side effects are inevitable and increase with increasing dose. From a range of given doses, we aim to determine the dose with a rate of toxicity as close as possible to some threshold chosen by the investigators. This dose is called the MTD (maximum tolerated dose). The standard situation is where we have a finite range of doses ordered with respect to the probability of toxicity at each dose. In this thesis we introduce a very general approach to modeling the problem - SPM (semi-parametric methods) - and these include a large class of methods. The viewpoint of SPM allows us to see things in, arguably, more relevant terms and to provide answers to questions such as asymptotic behavior. What kind of behavior should we be aiming for? For instance, can we consistently estimate the MTD? How, and under which conditions? Different parametrizations of SPM are considered and studied theoretically and via simulations. The obtained performances are comparable, and often better, to those of currently established methods. We extend the findings to the case of partial ordering in which more than one drug is under study and we do not necessarily know how all drug pairs are ordered. The SPM model structure leans on a hierarchical set-up whereby certain parameters are linearly constrained. The theoretical aspects of this structure are outlined for the case of distributions with discrete support. In this setting the great majority of laws can be easily considered and this enables us to avoid over restrictive specifications than can results in poor behavior
Bavay, Cécile. "Adaptation des méthodologies d’évaluation sensorielle aux produits agroalimentaires à forte variabilité." Angers, 2013. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00846841.
Повний текст джерелаThe sensory characteristics are evaluated by descriptive methods of sensory evaluation, such as the conventional profile. The sensory results from profiling present a large variability, due to differences between assessors on the one hand, and within-batch variability, that is differences between units of a sample, on the other hand. To date, differences between assessors are taken into account and sensory methodologies have been adapted for that. Nevertheless, within-batch variability has not been tackled, despite the challenge it represents. With the apple as a model, this PhD work addresses the issue of within-batch variability from two points of view: the measuring of variability and the reduction of variability, with the aim of improving the reliability of the sensory measure. First, the capacity of the panel to discriminate between apples from different cultivars and between apples, identified as different by an instrumental measure, within each cultivar has been observed. Second, in order to take within-batch variability into account, the standard models for analysis of variance used in sensory evaluation has been adapted by adding a fruit factor nested within the cultivar factor. This adaptation requires the sharing of each piece of fruit by several assessors. The application of this model has demonstrated the importance of within-batch variability and the consequence of model choice to obtain more relevant results. In addition, the determined model for analysis of variance has been adapted to distinguish between assessors' disagreement and scaling differences. Finally, a reduction of variability has been obtained through the sharing of fruits and after the homogenization by instrumental measurement, the latter depending on the cultivar and on the chosen measure. The results of the present work provide methodological keys to obtain reliable sensory results in the frame of the evaluation of products subject to biological variation
Trespeuch, Léo. "La participation du consommateur, antécédents et conséquences : proposition d’un modèle intégrateur appliqué au cas du crowdfunding." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAG009.
Повний текст джерелаIn emerging literature on crowdfunding, studies have attempted to identify the contributions of this new form of participation from each of the consumer and business standpoints (Belleflamme et al., 2010; Davis et al., 2017; Ordanini et al., 2011; Tomczak and Brem, 2013; Vulkan et al., 2016). Crowdfunding enables businesses to garner funds earmarked for the creation or distribution of new products (Belleflamme et al., 2014), while providing marketers with the wherewithal for testing concepts and adjusting marketing mix (Belleflamme et al., 2014; Ducarroz et al., 2016). Through the addition of a financial component, crowdfunding permits Internet users to broaden the scope of their participation in business affairs. Based on an analysis of emerging literature on crowdfunding and a netnography of the virtual communities grouped together around a project, this study presents a model designed to integrate the causes and consequences of participation in crowdfunding campaigns, thereby providing for the holistic study of this participatory phenomenon. To our knowledge, such a study has never before been conducted. For the purpose of the research at hand, the authors define the term ‘participation’ to mean ‘the fact of engaging financially, creatively or socially in a business project’.’ The new construct and accompanying measurements make it possible to put into perspective determinants and consequences which include as follows: innovativeness, altruism, need to belong, perceived benefits, perceived risks, description of project, description of project initiator, brand relationship. These determinants and consequences enable the authors to explain, to a large extent, crowdfunding campaign participation behaviour. Their research also enriches crowdfunding literature with the first ever empirically validated model using structural equations. In point of fact, the conceptual model tested with 445 individuals having previously taken part in a crowdfunding campaign demonstrates satisfactory stability. Results show that the primary antecedents of participation in crowdfunding campaigns are innovativeness and the seeking out of benefits which outweigh perceived risks. In contrast, downstream of the model, the primary consequence of participation relates to the affective dimension of the brand relationship. Through the use of an integrated project management approach (IPMA), findings contribute in a number of different ways to enhancing managerial understanding of participation, including the social, creative and financial dimensions of the latter
Ciptomulyono, Udisubakti. "Un modèle d'aide à la sélection des projets : l'intégration de la procédure analyse hiérarchique (AHP) et la programmation mathématique à objectif multiple (application aux projets de développement de centrales électriques en Indonésie)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30019.
Повний текст джерелаBerger, Quentin. "Polymères en milieu aléatoire : influence d'un désordre corrélé sur le phénomène de localisation." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726494.
Повний текст джерелаWanderley, Matos de Abreu Thiago. "Modeling and performance analysis of IEEE 802.11-based chain networks." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe IEEE 802.11 protocol, based on the CMSA/CA principles, is widely deployed in current communications, mostly due to its simplicity and low cost implementation. One common usage can be found in multi-hop wireless networks, where communications between nodes may involve relay nodes. A simple topology of these networks including one source and one destination is commonly known as a chain. In this thesis, a hierarchical modeling framework, composed of two levels, is presented in order to analyze the associated performance of such chains. The upper level models the chain topology and the lower level models each of its nodes. It estimates the performance of the chain in terms of the attained throughput and datagram losses, according to different patterns of channel degradation. In terms of precision, the model delivers, in general, accurate results. Furthermore, the time needed for solving it remains very small. The proposed model is then applied to chains with 2, 3 and 4 nodes, in the presence of occasional hidden nodes, finite buffers and non-perfect physical layer. Moreover, the use of the proposed model allows us to highlight some inherent properties to such networks. For instance, it is shown that a chain presents a performance maximum (with regards to the attained throughput) according to the system workload level, and this performance collapses with the increase of the workload. This represents a non-trivial behavior of wireless networks and cannot be easily identified. However, the model captures this non-trivial effect. Finally, some of the impacts in chains performance due to the IEEE 802.11 mechanisms are analyzed and detailed. The strong synchronization among nodes of a chain is depicted and how it represents a challenge for the modeling of such networks. The proposed model overcomes this obstacle and allows an easy evaluation of the chain performance
Camara, Rey Oscar. "Recalage non linéaire d'images TDM et TEP dans les régions thoraciques et abdominales : étude méthodologique et application en routine clinique." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0043.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to implement an algorithm to achieve a robust, fast enough and good quality registration of thoracic and abdominal CT and 18-FDG whole-body emission PET images. The proposed registration methodology is based on the incorporation of prior anatomical information in an intensity-based non-linear registration algorithm. This incorporation is performed in an explicit way, by initializing the intensity-based registration stage with the solution obtained by a registration of corresponding anatomical surfaces segmented through a hierarchically ordered set of anatomy-specific rules. Deformations are modeled in both registration steps by means of a FFD model. Mutual Information is used as the similarity criterion at the grey-level registration step. Registration errors provided by the visual assessment protocol we have designed are less than 1cm on lungs, heart, liver and kidneys structures but up to 1. 5cm on the stomach
Kon, Kam King Guillaume. "Revisiting Species Sensitivity Distribution : modelling species variability for the protection of communities." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10194/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpecies Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) is a method used by scientists and regulators from all over the world to determine the safe concentration for various contaminants stressing the environment. Although ubiquitous, this approach suffers from numerous methodological flaws, notably because it is based on incomplete use of experimental data. This thesis revisits classical SSD, attempting to overcome this shortcoming. First, we present a methodology to include censored data in SSD with a web-tool to apply it easily. Second, we propose to model all the information present in the experimental data to describe the response of a community exposed to a contaminant. To this aim, we develop a hierarchical model within a Bayesian framework. On a dataset describing the effect of pesticides on diatom growth, we illustrate how this method, accounting for variability as well as uncertainty, provides benefits to risk assessment. Third, we extend this hierarchical approach to include the temporal dimension of the community response. The objective of that development is to remove the dependence of risk assessment on the date of the last experimental observation in order to build a precise description of its time evolution and to extrapolate to longer times. This approach is build on a toxico-dynamic model and illustrated on a dataset describing the salinity tolerance of freshwater species
Li, Shuxian. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle pour l'esca de la vigne à l'échelle de la parcelle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0313/document.
Повний текст джерелаEsca grapevine disease is one of the incurable dieback disease with the etiology not completely elucidated. It represents one of the major threats for viticulture around the world. To better understand the underlying process of esca spread and the risk factors of this disease, we carried out quantitative analyses of the spatio-temporal development of esca at vineyard scale. In order to detect the spatial correlation among the diseased vines, the non-parametric statistical tests were applied to the spatio-temporal data of esca foliar symptom expression for 15 vineyards in Bordeaux region. Among vineyards, a large range of spatial patterns, from random to strongly structured, were found. In the vineyards with strongly aggregated patterns, no significant increase in the size of cluster and local spread from symptomatic vines was shown, suggesting an effect of the environment in the explanation of this aggregation. To model the foliar symptom occurrence, we developed hierarchical logistic regression models by integrating exogenous covariates, covariates of neighboring symptomatic vines already diseased, and also a latent process with spatio-temporal auto-correlation. The Bayesian inferences of these models were performed by INLA (Inverse Nested Laplace Approximation) approach. The results confirmed the effect of environmental factors on the occurrence risk of esca symptom. The secondary locally spread of esca from symptomatic vines located on the same row or out of row was not shown. A two-step centered auto-logistic regression model, which explicitly integrated the spatio-temporal neighboring structure, was also developed. At last, a geostatistical method was proposed to interpolate data with a particular anisotropic structure. It allowed interpolating the ancillary variable, electrical resistivity of soil, which were used to estimate the available soil water content at vine-scale. These geostatistical methods and spatio-temporal statistical methods developed in this thesis offered outlook to identify risk factors, and thereafter to predict the development of esca grapevine disease in different agronomical contexts
Sodjo, Jessica. "Modèle bayésien non paramétrique pour la segmentation jointe d'un ensemble d'images avec des classes partagées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0152/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the joint segmentation of a set images in a Bayesian framework. The proposed model combines the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) and the Potts random field. Hence, for a set of images, each is divided into homogeneous regions and similar regions between images are grouped into classes. On the one hand, thanks to the HDP, it is not necessary to define a priori the number of regions per image and the number of classes, common or not.On the other hand, the Potts field ensures a spatial consistency. The arising a priori and a posteriori distributions are complex and makes it impossible to compute analytically estimators. A Gibbs algorithm is then proposed to generate samples of the distribution a posteriori. Moreover,a generalized Swendsen-Wang algorithm is developed for a better exploration of the a posteriori distribution. Finally, a sequential Monte Carlo sampler is defined for the estimation of the hyperparameters of the model.These methods have been evaluated on toy examples and natural images. The choice of the best partition is done by minimization of a numbering free criterion. The performance are assessed by metrics well-known in statistics but unused in image segmentation
Eckert, Nicolas. "Couplage données historiques - modélisation numérique pour la prédétermination des avalanches : une approche bayésienne." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003404.
Повний текст джерелаBavay, Cécile. "Adaptation des méthodologies d'évaluation sensorielle aux produits agroalimentaires à forte variabilité." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846841.
Повний текст джерелаLevernier, René-Bertrand. "Problèmes posés par l'estimation des sinusoï͏̈des amorties au travers de l'estimation en temps court des potentiels évoqués et de leur mesure." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112395.
Повний текст джерелаChalmeau, Olivier. "Impact de la régulation sur le financement des opérateurs de télécommunications européens : une analyse du risque systématique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090065.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis analyzes the effects of regulation on the systematic risk of a panel of 17 leading European telecommunications operators between 1997 and 2012. The regulation / risk relationship is studied through: (i) the changes in the firm income distribution, (ii) the promotion of competitive intensity, and (iii) the operators' choice of financial structure. Modeling the impact of regulation on the financial structure of the firm highlights that strategic increase in debt may increase or decrease the systematic risk. Three estimation methodologies of risk are used: OLS and Kalman filter technics with and without TGARCH effect. The three aspects of risk / regulation relationship are then addressed through a panel data study (covering financial ratios, competitive intensity, and regulatory regime index) and then by an events study evaluating market reactions to announcements of changes in the European regulatory framework
Balma, Lacina. "Essais sur les Investissements Publiques, Mécanismes de Financement et Croissance dans les Pays en Développement : Interactions et Rôle des Facteurs Structurels." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0113/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation seeks to study the public investment-financing-growth linkages whileeliciting the role of structural economic conditions. First, through an alternative scenario ofimproved structural economic conditions (efficiency and absorptive capacity) and comparing witha baseline scenario, we find that the growth potential is higher than the baseline. Consequently,stabilizing debt does not require painful fiscal consolidation. Second, through an aggressiveinvestment scaling-up scenario that builds on commercial borrowing in anticipation of future oilrevenue, we find that the economy is subject to absorptive capacity constraints and ultimately toDutch disease effects that affect negatively the non-oil GDP growth in the short run. Moreover,we find that structural reforms that address absorptive capacity constraints and inefficienciestranslate into sizable and sustainable increase in public capital. This in turn has a positive spillovereffect in terms of additional growth in the non-resource GDP. Third, we find that implementationdelays can offset the standard negative wealth effect from an increase in government investmentspending in the long run. Also, high-yielding public investment can substantially create positivewealth effect in the long run, raise output and enable private consumption and investment to fallless. Finally, we simulate a 40-percent across-the-board increase in public spending for primaryeducation, financed by an increase in taxes on household income and indirect taxes. We find thatthe two financing mechanisms, not only leads to an increase in the welfare but also to a decline inthe incidence of poverty for all household types. However, the indirect tax-based financing leadsto smaller outcomes compared to the income tax-based financing
Bled, Florent. "Tests d'hypothèses en dynamique des populations fragmentées : développement et applications de modèles d'occupation des sites." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1087/.
Повний текст джерелаClassical approaches to the development of spatial models for binary processes of species distribution (i. E. Occupancy processes) present three important deficiencies. I) They do not explicitly accommodate sampling uncertainty. Ii) There is a lack of spatio-temporal occupancy models, especially in the framework of hierarchical modeling. Iii) Most of existing models are phenomenological and do not explicitly consider underlying ecological mechanisms. This thesis develops spatio-temporal occupancy models for dynamical ecological processes in order to respond to these limitations while incorporating scientific knowledge in every modeling step. Those models are applied to critical ecological topics ranging from the spread of invasive species to habitat selection via climate changes. Understanding range and occupancy dynamics will permit prediction of occupancy changes that are likely to accompany future changes and hopefully will permit informed attempts to mediate changes in occupancy
Launay, Tristan. "Méthodes Bayésiennes pour la prévision de consommation d’électricité." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2074.
Повний текст джерелаIn this manuscript, we develop Bayesian statistics tools to forecast the French electricity load. We first prove the asymptotic normality of the posterior distribution (Bernstein-von Mises theorem) for the piecewise linear regression model used to describe the heating effect and the consistency of the Bayes estimator. We then build a a hierarchical informative prior to help improve the quality of the predictions for a high dimension model with a short dataset. We typically show, with two examples involving the non metered EDF customers, that the method we propose allows a more robust estimation of the model with regard to the lack of data. Finally, we study a new nonlinear dynamic model to predict the electricity load online. We develop a particle filter algorithm to estimate the model et compare the predictions obtained with operationnal predictions from EDF
Lebreton, Olivier. "Adaptation du modèle de la Construction-Intégration de Kintsch à la compréhension des énoncés et à la résolution des problèmes arithmétiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716841.
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