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Статті в журналах з теми "Modèle GRAAL":
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Bouget, Hélène. "Gaber et renouveler la tradition des romans en vers." Études françaises 46, no. 3 (December 21, 2010): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045117ar.
Анотація:
L’écriture du Chevalier aux deux épées (ca. 1240), roman anonyme conservé dans un manuscrit unique, relève à la fois du pastiche de genre et du pastiche de style à partir du modèle romanesque en vers instauré par Chrétien de Troyes. Les emprunts lexicaux et onomastiques témoignent tout d’abord de ce travail d’imitation qui reprend des traits récurrents du modèle pour mieux les détourner ou les gaber par amplification ou inversion. Situé dans le manuscrit BnF fr. 12603 avant Le chevalier au Lion, Le chevalier aux deux épées réécrit également deux grandes scènes de genre propres à ce roman : la joie de Calogrenant et la scène de lecture dans le verger de Pesme Aventure. Mais ici encore le pastiche est à l’oeuvre et transforme la réception et le sens initiaux de ces épisodes. Malgré l’intention affichée de renouer avec la tradition générique et formelle des romans en vers, le texte subit aussi l’influence des cycles et romans en prose dans le traitement des personnages, des motifs et de la narration. L’épisode crucial de l’épée qui saigne et de la révélation du nom du héros repose sur une réécriture globalisante de multiples traits figuratifs hérités à la fois du Conte du graal et des grands cycles du Graal. Ancré dans une double tradition qu’il se plaît parfois à malmener ou à amplifier, Le chevalier aux deux épées témoigne de la réception et de l’assimilation d’une masse romanesque considérable qu’il s’attache à renouveler autant qu’à perpétuer.
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Séguy, Mireille. "Mémoires du temps perdu." Études françaises 55, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059373ar.
Анотація:
Cet article s’intéresse à la réécriture de l’Élucidation médiévale (l’un des prologues « postiches » du Conte du graal et de ses trois premières Continuations) que propose La Tresplaisante et recreative hystoire de Perceval le Galloys, imprimée en 1530. Si le choix d’éditer ce prologue obscur – à tous les sens du terme – illustre sans doute le goût de la Renaissance pour une forme d’altérité médiévale, il témoigne aussi des limites de la compréhension de la forme d’archaïsme que met en oeuvre délibérément ce prologue qui invente, à la faveur d’une écriture lacunaire et opaque, un mythe sur l’origine perdue des récits arthuriens. L’article fait à terme l’hypothèse que l’imprimé marque, à cet égard, un autre rapport au temps, qui s’exprime dans un nouvel imaginaire de la production romanesque et un nouveau modèle de généalogie littéraire.
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Séguy, Mireille. "La tentation du pastiche dans L’Estoire del saint Graal : retraire, refaire, défaire la Bible." Études françaises 46, no. 3 (December 21, 2010): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045118ar.
Анотація:
Après avoir évalué les conditions de possibilité d’un pastiche de la Bible, l’article analyse les modalités et les enjeux de deux pastiches bibliques qui peuvent se lire dans L’Estoire del saint Graal. Dans un roman qui oeuvre constamment à brouiller les limites entre écriture profane et Écriture sainte — notamment grâce aux procédés de la reprise et de la suture textuelles —, le pastiche apparaît comme le moyen idéal, pour la fiction romanesque, de s’immiscer dans le texte évangélique tout en l’assimilant à sa propre trame. À la faveur de ce processus, l’Estoire, qui se donne comme un cinquième Évangile écrit par le Christ lui-même, peut prétendre renouveler la Parole divine dans ses modes de signification comme dans son énoncé. Les pastiches bibliques de l’Estoire apparaissent dès lors comme l’occasion idéale pour la fiction littéraire d’accroître son domaine d’influence, tout en maintenant — comme l’implique toute pratique mimétique — un écart avec le modèle scripturaire qu’elle se donne. Grâce à cet écart, qui fonctionne comme un espace de jeu aux deux sens du terme, l’écriture romanesque tend moins à s’identifier à la Bible qu’elle ne s’arroge le droit de se surajouter à elle, de l’interpoler et de la mimer, bref de l’ouvrir au grand brassage intertextuel qui caractérise la pratique littéraire médiévale.
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Antunes, Elton, and José Cristian Góes. "A invisibilização identitária da África lusófona na Folha de S. Paulo e em O Globo." Revista Observatório 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2015v1n1p147.
Анотація:
Com o objetivo de compreender como os jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo noticiaram as relações entre Brasil e África portuguesa, investigamos as notícias nesses jornais no período de 1996 a 2006, quando a CPLP (Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa) fez dez anos de instituída. Esse trabalho se insere num debate sobre jornalismo e construções identitárias. Os resultados desse levantamento indicam existir uma produção midiática de ausências, de não ditos e de ditos, que tem sua base na história racial brasileira, e que propõe o apagamento dos traços étnico raciais entre os países de língua portuguesa, resultando em invisibilizações identitárias.Palavras-chave: Jornalismo; África portuguesa; Identidades; Invisibilização. ABSTRACTIn order to understand how the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo reported relations between Brazil and Portuguese Africa, we investigated the news these papers, from 1996 to 2006, when the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries) did ten years established. The results of this survey indicate that there is a media production absences of unspoken and said, that has its basis in Brazilian racial history, and proposes the deletion of ethnic racial traits among the Portuguese-speaking countries, resulting in invisibilizações identity.Keywords: Journalism; Portuguese Africa; Identities; Invisibility. RESUMENCon el fin de entender cómo el diario Folha de S. Paulo y O Globo relaciones entre Brasil y África portuguesa, que investigó las noticias estos documentos, de 1996 a 2006, cuando la CPLP (Comunidad de Países de Lengua Portuguesa) hizo diez años establecidos. Este trabajo es parte de un debate sobre periodismo y de identidad construcciones. Los resultados de esta encuesta indican que hay una ausencia de producción de medios de tácito y dijo, que tiene su base en la historia racial de Brasil, y propone la supresión de raza étnica rasgos entre los países de habla portuguesa, lo que resulta en la identidad invisibilizações.Palabras clave: Periodismo; África portuguesa; Identidades; Invisibilidad. ReferênciasANDERSON, B. Comunidades imaginadas. Reflexiones sobre el origen y la difusión del nacionalismo. México: FCE, 1993. ANTUNES, E. e VAZ, P. B. Mídia: um aro, um halo e um elo. In: GUIMARÃES, C. e FRANÇA, V. (Orgs). Na mídia, na rua - narrativas do cotidiano. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2006.BARBOSA, N. Diretor de filme premiado em Cannes quer romper a "invisibilidade" da África e criar pontes com o Brasil. UOL. Disponível em: http://cinema.uol.com.br/ultnot/2010/11/20/diretor-de-filme-premiado-em-cannes-quer-romper-a-invisibilidade-da-africa-e-criar-pontes-com-o-brasil.jhtm Acesso em: 20 nov. 2010.BRAGA, J. L. Nem rara, nem ausente - tentativa. Matrizes, São Paulo: ECA-USP, 2010, p 65-81. Disponível em http://www.matrizes.usp.br/index.php/matrizes/article/view/179 Acesso em 16/8/2014.CUNHA, E. L. Estampas do imaginário: literatura, história e identidade cultural. Belo Horizonte: Ed. UFMG, 2006.DELEUZE, G. ¿Que és un dispositivo? In: BALBIER, E. et al. Michel Foucault, filósofo. Barcelona: Gedisa, 1990, pp. 155-161.FOUCAULT, M. História da Sexualidade. 13ª Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1988._____________ Microfísica do poder. 13ª Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1979.FREYRE, G. Casa Grande & Senzala. 2ª Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. José Olympio, 1946. FURTADO, C. Formação Econômica do Brasil. 32ª Ed. São Paulo: Cia Editora Nacional, 2005.HALL, S. A identidade cultural na pós-modernidade. 11ª ed. RJ: DP&A, 2006.MIYAMOTO, S. O Brasil e a comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa (CPLP). Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2009, pp. 22-42. Disponível http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=35814269002 Acesso 11/8/2013.QUÉRÉ, L. De um modelo epistemológico da comunicação a um modelo praxiológico. Trad. por Lúcia Lamounier Sena e Vera Lígia Westin. Do original: "D'un modèle épistemologique de la communication à un modèle praxéologique". In: Réseaux, Paris: Tekhné, 1991.RODRIGUES, N. As raças humanas. São Paulo: Ed. Progresso, 1957. ROMERO, S. História da literatura brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. José Olympio, 1943. SANTOS, B. S. Modernidade, identidade e a cultura de fronteira. Tempo Social. USP, SP, 1993, pp.31-52. Disponível em https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/11597 Acesso em 02/06/2014.SHOHAT, E, e STAM, R. Crítica da imagem eurocêntrica. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2006.SODRÉ, M. Claros e escuros: identidade, povo e mídia no Brasil. Petrópolis/RJ: Vozes, 1999.XAVIER, I. Prefácio. In: STAM, R & SHOHAT, E. Crítica da imagem eurocêntrica. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2006. Disponível em:Url: http://opendepot.org/2721/ Abrir em (para melhor visualização em dispositivos móveis - Formato Flipbooks):Issuu / Calameo
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Talavera, Ariel, Hedvig Tamman, Andres Ainelo, San Hadži, Abel Garcia-Pino, Rita Hõrak, Albert Konijnenberg, and Remy Loris. "Production, biophysical characterization and crystallization ofPseudomonas putidaGraA and its complexes with GraT and thegraTAoperator." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 73, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x17009438.
Анотація:
ThegraTAoperon fromPseudomonas putidaencodes a toxin–antitoxin module with an unusually moderate toxin. Here, the production, SAXS analysis and crystallization of the antitoxin GraA, the GraTA complex and the complex of GraA with a 33 bp operator fragment are reported. GraA forms a homodimer in solution and crystallizes in space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa= 66.9,b = 48.9,c= 62.7 Å, β = 92.6°. The crystals are likely to contain two GraA dimers in the asymmetric unit and diffract to 1.9 Å resolution. The GraTA complex forms a heterotetramer in solution. Crystals of the GraTA complex diffracted to 2.2 Å resolution and are most likely to contain a single heterotetrameric GraTA complex in the asymmetric unit. They belong to space groupP41orP43, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 56.0,c= 128.2 Å. The GraA–operator complex consists of a 33 bp operator region that binds two GraA dimers. It crystallizes in space groupP31orP32, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 105.6,c= 149.9 Å. These crystals diffract to 3.8 Å resolution.
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Miao, Shu Jiang, and Da Fang Fu. "Case Study of Nanjing Inner Ring on Air Pollution Dispersion from Roadway Tunnel Portals." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1895.
Анотація:
The tunnel module of a rather simple Lagrangian model GRAL (Grazer Langrange model) has been chosen to study air pollutant dispersion around tunnel portals in Nanjing inner ring. Two points have been made to popularize GRAL3.5TM (the tunnel module of a Lagrangian model GRAL; the update was in May 2003) and assure it more suitable for the actual situations in Nanjing. One is to derive a piecewise function of the intermediate parameter ‘stiffness’. Another is to take Romberg NOx-NO2 scheme into account. After these 2 works on GRAL3.5TM, NO2 dispersion from portals of all the 6 tunnels in Nanjing inner ring has been simulated. The importance of limiting urban traffic volume to control air quality around tunnel portals and roadways has been emphasized.
7
Poirion, Daniel. "Théorie et pratique du style au Moyen Age: le sublime et la merveille." Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France o 86, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhlf.g1986.86n1.0015.
Анотація:
Résumé L'écrivain du Moyen Age se réfère implicitement à une poétique des styles prenant les oeuvres latines, surtout celles de Virgile, comme modèles. Le sublime caractérise ainsi l'intonation épique, tendant à l'admiration pour le héros. Mais l'écriture médiévale en langue d'oïl s'écarte de ses modèles, cherchant d'autres qualités de style, d'abord dans les chansons de geste, mais aussi dans les romans, qui dérivent du genre épique, C'est ainsi que le merveilleux prend souvent la place du sublime , posant en d'autres termes, surtout dans les descriptions, le problème des rapports de l'homme avec le monde. Dans la scène du Graal, telle que la décrit Chrétien de Troyes, il y a plus de merveille que de sublime, en accord avec le style tempéré du prologue, style recommandé pour la prédication.
8
Okhrimenko, Viacheslav, Vitaliy Malyarenko, Gennady Loktionov, and Kostiantyn Borovoi. "APPROCHE SYSTÉMIQUE DE L’ANALYSE DES PROCESSUS DE GESTION DU SYSTÈME ÉNERGÉTIQUE." Grail of Science, no. 39 (May 21, 2024): 328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.10.05.2024.050.
Анотація:
On a montré les particularités de l'utilisation de la méthodologie d'analyse du système dans le processus éducatif de l'école supérieure dans l'enseignement de sujets complexes multi-structurés, qui impliquent des références obligatoires aux sujets des disciplines éducatives précédentes. Les particularités de l'approche système sont envisagées sur l'exemple de l'enseignement du sujet des processus de gestion des systèmes énergétiques aux étudiants de la spécialité « Réseaux de transport d’électricité : gestion, exploitation et développement ». La séquence d'explication des processus de gestion du système électrique est présentée sur l'exemple de présentation du processus de gestion comme un système, de création d'un modèle de composition de système, et de transformations successives de ce modèle en un modèle de structure de système. On expose les facteurs qui ont un impact sur le niveau de détail du modèle structurel du système étudié
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Tamman, Hedvig, Andres Ainelo, Mari Tagel, and Rita Hõrak. "Stability of the GraA Antitoxin Depends on Growth Phase, ATP Level, and Global Regulator MexT." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 5 (December 14, 2015): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00684-15.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTBacterial type II toxin-antitoxin systems consist of a potentially poisonous toxin and an antitoxin that inactivates the toxic protein by binding to it. Most of the toxins regulate stress survival, but their activation depends on the stability of the antitoxin that has to be degraded in order for the toxin to be able to attack its cellular targets. The degradation of antitoxins is usually rapid and carried out by ATP-dependent protease Lon or Clp, which is activated under stress conditions. ThegraTAsystem ofPseudomonas putidaencodes the toxin GraT, which can affect the growth rate and stress tolerance of bacteria but is under most conditions inactivated by the unusually stable antitoxin GraA. Here, we aimed to describe the stability features of the antitoxin GraA by analyzing its degradation rate in total cell lysates ofP. putida. We show that the degradation rate of GraA depends on the growth phase of bacteria being fastest in the transition from exponential to stationary phase. In accordance with this, higher ATP levels were shown to stabilize GraA. Differently from other antitoxins, the main cellular proteases Lon and Clp are not involved in GraA stability. Instead, GraA seems to be degraded through a unique pathway involving an endoprotease that cleaves the antitoxin into two unequal parts. We also identified the global transcriptional regulator MexT as a factor for destabilization of GraA, which indicates that the degradation of GraA may be induced by conditions similar to those that activate MexT.IMPORTANCEToxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are widespread in bacterial chromosomes and have important roles in stress tolerance. As activation of a type II toxin is triggered by proteolytic degradation of the antitoxin, knowledge about the regulation of the antitoxin stability is critical for understanding the activation of a particular TA module. Here, we report on the unusual degradation pathway of the antitoxin GraA of the recently characterized GraTA system. While GraA is uncommonly stable in the exponential and late-stationary phases, its degradation increases in the transition phase. The degradation pathway of GraA involves neither Lon nor Clp, which usually targets antitoxins, but rather an unknown endoprotease and the global regulator MexT, suggesting a new type of regulation of antitoxin stability.
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Solomon, W. D., W. A. Nowlan, T. W. Rush, P. E. Zanstra, W. M. A. Claassen, and A. L. Rector. "A Terminology Server for Medical Language and Medical Information Systems." Methods of Information in Medicine 34, no. 01/02 (1995): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634569.
Анотація:
Abstract:GALEN is developing a Terminology Server to support the development and integration of clinical systems through a range of key terminological services, built around a language-independent, re-usable, shared system of concepts – the CORE model. The focus is on supporting applications for medical records, clinical user interfaces and clinical information systems, but also includes systems for natural language understanding, clinical decision support, management of coding and classification schemes, and bibliographic retrieval. The Terminology Server integrates three modules: the Concept Module which implements the GRAIL formalism and manages the internal representation of concept entities, the Multilingual Module which manages the mapping of concept entities to natural language, and the Code Conversion Module which manages the mapping of concept entities to and from existing coding and classification schemes. The Terminology Server also provides external referencing to concept entities, coercion between data types, and makes its services available through a uniform applications programming interface. Taken together these services represent a new approach to the development of clinical systems and the sharing of medical knowledge.
Дисертації з теми "Modèle GRAAL":
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Ducasse, Thomas. "Apport des verres basaltiques à la validation du modèle GRAAL sur le très long terme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS040/document.
Анотація:
Cette thèse adapte le modèle GRAAL, initialement dédié à la prédiction du comportement à long terme des verres nucléaires type R7T7, à l’étude de l’altération des verres basaltiques, matériaux considérés comme des analogues naturels des verres nucléaires. Cette thèse cherche à valider les hypothèses fondatrices du modèle GRAAL et évaluer sa robustesse en l’appliquant aux verres basaltiques. Pour ce faire, deux axes de recherche sont suivis. Le premier consiste à reparamétrer le modèle GRAAL pour le verre basaltique. Le travail de description de la couche amorphe qui se forme durant l’altération du verre, a été entrepris aux moyen d’expériences de lixiviation de verres basaltiques simplifiés à 90°C et différents pH (7 ; 8,5 et 10). Des fortes analogies observées sur le comportement des éléments ont permis de conserver une partie du paramétrage du modèle GRAAL dédié aux verres nucléaires. Des expériences ont également été conduites pour affiner la compréhension des mécanismes d’altération à long terme du verre basaltique. A fort progrès de réaction, l’altération du verre basaltique n’est pas limitée par un mécanisme diffusif, comme c’est le cas pour le verre nucléaire, mais par une très lente hydrolyse du réseau vitreux entretenue par la précipitation de phases secondaires. Ainsi une modification de la loi cinétique de dissolution du verre a été réalisée.Le modèle, reparamétré avec la même méthodologie que celle employée pour le paramétrer pour le modèle de verre nucléaire parvient à rendre compte avec justesse de l’altération du verre basaltique pour les pH faiblement basiques, renforçant ainsi la confiance que l’on peut accorder au modèle sur les prédictions liées au verre nucléaireThis thesis adapts the GRAAL model, initially dedicated to the prediction of the long-term behavior of nuclear glasses, to basaltic glasses.This thesis intends to validate the relevance of the founding hypotheses of the GRAAL model as well as to assess its robustness. To achieve this, two lines of research were carried out simultaneously. The first was to re-parameterize the GRAAL model for basaltic glass compositions. To describe the amorphous layer formed during glass alteration, simple basaltic glasses were leached at 90 ° C and various pH (7, 8.5 and 10). Strong analogies observed on the behavior of the elements allowed to preserve a part of the parameterization of the GRAAL model. Experiments have also been conducted to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of basaltic glasses alteration in silica saturated conditions. It is shown that alteration of the basaltic glass is not limited by a diffusive mechanism like nuclear glass, but by a very slow hydrolysis of the vitreous network sustained by the precipitation of secondary phases. Thus, a modification of the kinetic law of the model controlling the dissolution of the glass was carried out.The model, then, accurately accounts for the alteration of basaltic glass in slightly alkaline conditions, thus reinforcing the confidence that can be given to the model on the predictions related to nuclear glasses
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Cagnon, Benjamin. "Etude fondamentale de la dissolution des silicates amorphes et cristallins : apport à la robustesse des modèles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU012.
Анотація:
La sureté du stockage géologique des déchets nucléaires de haute activité est un sujet au cœur des grands challenges scientifique et technologique de notre siècle. Ces déchets, issus des combustibles nucléaires, sont vitrifiés et entreposés sur les sites de production (La Hague, Marcoule) en attendant l’ouverture d’un site de stockage définitif. Leur durabilité chimique fait l’objet de nombreux travaux pour évaluer le devenir des radionucléides dans l’environnement. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans cette thématique et repose sur deux axes d'étude. Le premier se focalise sur l’effet du désordre structural sur la dissolution des silicates à 90°C, pH 1.5 et 3. Historiquement, deux mécanismes d’altération sont proposés : le mécanisme de dissolution – reprécipitation, attribué aux cristaux, et le mécanisme d’hydrolyse – recondensation, attribué aux verres. Cependant, des études récentes ont montré le besoin de revisiter cette dichotomie. Pour cela, nous avons étudié la dissolution d’un silicate amorphe, le verre albitique, et son équivalent cristallin, l’albite, au contact d’une solution marquée en 29Si. A travers l’incorporation de cet isotope dans la couche altérée, la contribution de la solution à la formation de la couche altérée a pu être quantifiée pour discuter du poids de chacun des mécanismes. De plus, un effet antagoniste de l’Al a été mis en évidence en fonction du désordre structural. En outre, la limitation des propriétés de transport au sein du gel était le phénomène clé contrôlant l’altération tout au long de l’expérience. Le deuxième axe concerne la dissolution d'un verre modèle (International Simple Glass – ISG) dans un environnement riche en Ca et Si. Parmi les scenarios à l’étude du site de stockage géologique, il en est un où une solution plus ou moins chargée en Si et Ca entrerait en contact avec la matrice silicatée. Afin de simuler cette matrice, le verre modèle ISG a été altéré dans une solution à 90°C, pH > 10. A travers l’évolution de la vitesse de dissolution, deux observations ont été faites : i) la vitesse d’altération est fortement corrélée à l’état de saturation de la solution par rapport à la silice amorphe et ii) la présence de phases secondaires, en particulier de silicate de calcium hydratée (CSH), n’a qu’un effet secondaire sur la vitesse d’altération à court terme (< 20 jours). Pour les expériences d’une durée plus longue, une reprise d’altération du verre a été observée entre 19 jours et 76 jours, correspondant à une période de croissance des CSH. Après cette période, une compétition entre la formation des CSH et celle des carbonates de calcium limite l’altération du verre.Enfin, l’effet du Ca et les propriétés diffusives du gel formé au cours des 20 premiers jours d’altération, a été étudié plus en détail. L’ajout de Ca dans la solution diminue la vitesse d’altération. Deux effets principaux sont discutés : le premier consiste en un effet catalytique du Ca sur la recondensation du gel et le second sur la formation d’une couche riche en Si et Ca qui passive le gel. Les coefficients de diffusions du gel estimés sur la base d’une expérience de traçage étaient systématiquement inférieurs de plusieurs ordres de grandeur à ceux basés sur l’épaisseur totale du gel. Si cette différence s’explique en partie par une différence de température, d’autres hypothèses telles que i) l’évolution des propriétés de diffusivité de la couche au cours de l’expérience, ii) une différence de diffusivité entre la pénétration et le relargage d’éléments au sein de cette couche ou encore iii) une restructuration post-mortem du gel, sont discutés.En conclusion, ces travaux apportent plusieurs contraintes pour la compréhension du continuum mécanistique existant entre la dissolution des silicates cristallins et vitreux, et sur la dissolution des verres dans des environnements chimiques pertinents pour le stockage géologique à long termeThe safety of high-level nuclear waste geological storage is a major scientific and technological challenges of our century. These wastes, inherited from nuclear fuels, are vitrified and stored on production sites (La Hague, Marcoule), waiting on the opening of a storage facility. Their chemical durability is the object of several studies to assess the impact of the release of radionuclides in the environment. Based on this background, this thesis relies on two axes.The first one focuses on the effect of structural disorder on the dissolution of silicates at 90°C, pH 1.5 and 3. Historically, two alteration mechanisms have been identified to explain silicate dissolution: the dissolution–reprecipitation mechanism, generally attributed to crystals, and the hydrolysis–recondensation mechanism, generally attributed to glasses. However, recent studies have shown the need to revisit this dichotomy. To address this point, the dissolution of an amorphous silicate, albite glass, and its crystalline equivalent, albite feldspar, in contact with a solution marked with 29Si was studied. Through the incorporation of this isotope into the altered layer, the contribution of the solution to the formation of the altered layer was quantified to discuss the significance of each mechanism. An antagonistic effect of Al was highlighted as a function of the amorphous and crystalline structure. Moreover, we suggested that the limitation of transport properties within the gel was the key phenomenon controlling the alteration throughout the experiment.The second axis concerns the dissolution of a model glass (International Simple Glass – ISG) in an environment rich in Ca and Si. One of the most likely scenarios for the geological storage site suggests that environmental fluids more or less concentrated in Si and Ca would come into contact with the glass. A 6-oxides glass simulating the nuclear glass was altered in a solution at 90°C, pH > 10. Literature shows that the presence of Ca can have antagonistic effects on the material's dissolution depending on the environment. Among these effects, calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) can precipitate and promote glass alteration.Through the evolution of the dissolution rate, two observations were made: i) the alteration rate is strongly correlated with the solution's saturation state with respect to amorphous silica and ii) the presence of secondary phases, especially CSH, has only a secondary effect on the short-term alteration rate (<20 days). For longer duration experiments, a resumption of glass alteration was observed between 19 days and 76 days, corresponding to a period of CSH growth. After this period, a competition between the formation of CSH and calcium carbonate limited the glass alteration. Finally, the effect of Ca and the transport properties of the gel formed during the first 20 days of alteration were studied in more detail. The addition of calcium to the solution reduces the alteration. Two main effects are discussed: the first consists of a catalytic effect on the recondensation of the gel, and the second on the formation of a (Si, Ca)-rich layer that passivates the gel. It was found that the gel diffusion coefficients based on the tracing experiment were systematically several orders of magnitude lower than those based on the total thickness of the gel. If this difference is partly explained by a variation in temperature, other hypotheses such as i) the evolution of the transport properties of the gel layer during the experiment, ii) a difference in diffusivity between the penetration and release of glass elements within this layer, or iii) a post-mortem restructuration of the gel, are discussed. In conclusion, this work brings several critical information to the understanding of the mechanistic continuum existing between the dissolution of crystalline and vitreous silicates, and of the glass dissolution in chemically relevant environments for long-term geological storage
3
Ajaka, Jassem. "Photoproduction du méson eta sur l'hydrogène du seuil jusqu'à 11OO MeV: Mesure de l'asymètrie faisceau Sigma." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011270.
Анотація:
La photoproduction de mésons eta sur l'hydrogène a été mesurée du seuil jusqu'à une énergie de 1100 MeV dans l'expérience GRAAL effectuée en 1996-97 à l'ESRF à Grenoble dans une collaboration entre des groupes Italiens Français et Russes.Un faisceau de photons étiquetés et polarisés linéairement a été produit en rétrodiffusant un faisceau laser sur le faisceau d'électrons de 6 GeV de l'anneau de l'ESRF. La cible a été d'hydrogène liquide de 3 cm. Un détecteur 4 pi a été utilisé, composé de trois couches de détecteurs: chambres à fil, compteurs à scintillation et calorimètres. Nous avions la charge d'installer et d'étalonner un double mur de scintillants (3x3 m) conçu pour détecter aux angles avant (1-25°) les particules chargées et mesurer leur pertes d'énergie et leurs temps de vol.
Nous avons analysé les résultats de la réaction g p -> eta p en identifant le eta dans le calorimètre latéral qui est une boule BGO et en détectant le proton dans les détecteurs à scintillation.
L'asymètrie faisceau Sigma a été extraite des distribution en phi du méson éta et a été établie en fonction de theta CM du eta pour 6 intervalles d'énergie incidentes allant du seuil jusqu'à 1100 MeV.
L'interprétation des résultats de l'asymètrie Sigma a été effectuée dans le cadre du modèle isobarique. La prise en compte des deux résonances, S11(1535) et D13(1520) n'a pas suffi pour expliquer nos résultats.
Il a fallu inclure en plus l'excitation des résonances P13(1720) et D13(1675) et P13(1880) la dernière étant manquante dans le tableau des résonances et récemment revélée par le modèle des quarks.
4
Nicoletti, Luisa. "Mesure des observables de polarisation dans la photoproduction de mésons à Graal : optimisation de la reconstruction de traces pour l'analyse des canaux à trois particules chargées." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001357.
Анотація:
L'expérience Graal est consacrée à la spectroscopie nucléonique via la photo-production des mésons et en particulier à la mesure des observables de polarisation, qui donne des informations plus claires sur les contributions résonnantes aux états excités du nucléon. L'ensemble expérimentale est composé d'un faisceau Compton d'énergie entre 0.5 et 1.5 GeV, produit par rétro-diffusion d'un faisceau laser d'Argon sur les électrons de 6 GeV de l'anneau de stockage de l'ESRF, situé à Grenoble (France). Le programme de reconstruction des traces d'un détecteur composé de deux chambres cylindriques à multifils a été optimisé pour la mesure des canaux de réaction avec trois particules chargées dans l'état final. La résolution spatiale et l'efficacité de ce détecteur ont été estimées et testées avec la photo-production de eta et omega sur le proton et avec la décroissance chargée du méson en trois pions. L'asymétrie faisceau Sigma, obtenue avec une polarisation linéaire des photons, a été mesurée pour la première fois dans la réaction gamma+p -> K+Lambda du seuil jusqu'à 1.5 GeV pour l'énergie du photon dans le repère du laboratoire. Cette observable peut en effet être plus sensible, par rapport à la section efficace, à certaines contributions résonnantes. La comparaison de l'asymétrie faisceau avec un nouveau modèle isobarique, qui a été étendu jusqu'aux énergies de 2.5 GeV dans le système du centre de masse, a montré que cette observable est plus sensible aux résonances nucléoniques qu'à celles hypéroniques.
5
Joshua, Elizabeth Caroline. "Deurlopende formatiewe assessering in skriftelike stelwerk in graad 5: 'n aksienavorsingsprojek." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
6
Grahl, Mara [Verfasser], Dirk-Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Rischke, and Bengt [Akademischer Betreuer] Friman. "Low-energy effective models for two-flavor quantum chromodynamics and the universality hypothesis / Mara Grahl. Gutachter: Dirk-Hermann Rischke ; Bengt Friman. Betreuer: Dirk-Hermann Rischke." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105184844X/34.
7
Sasseville, Maxime. "Le rôle des phosphodiestérases dans le follicule ovarien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24848/24848.pdf.
Анотація:
Les nucléotides cycliques possèdent un rôle indéniablement important dans les diverses facettes de la physiologie du follicule ovarien. Les nucléotides cycliques servent d’intermédiaires pour la transmission des signaux extracellulaires à l’intérieur de la cellule. Ces seconds messagers sont synthétisés à l’intérieur de la cellule suite à l’activation des récepteurs couplés à des cyclases. La durée et l’intensité de ces signaux sont non seulement modulées par la synthèse via les adénylyl et guanylyl cyclases, mais par l’action des membres de la famille des phosphodiestérases (PDE) qui inactivent les nucléotides cycliques en hydrolysant le lien phosphodiestère entre le groupement phosphate et la position 3’ du désoxyribose. Malgré le partage d’une fonction commune, les 11 types connus de PDE permettent d’obtenir une finesse de régulation des signaux externes par les variations spatio-temporelles du profil d’expression, par les modes de régulation de l’activité et par leur distribution intracellulaire. Ainsi, pour faire avancer notre compréhension de la modulation des signaux utilisant les nucléotides cycliques dans le follicule ovarien, la caractérisation des PDE dans le complexe ovocyte-cumulus dans un contexte de maturation in vitro (MIV) a été entreprise.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons entrepris de caractériser la nature des PDE présentes dans l’ovocyte afin d’illustrer leur rôle de dégradation de l’adénosine monophosphate 3’5’-cyclique (AMPc) dans le déroulement de la maturation nucléaire. Tout d’abord, la presque totalité de l’activité de dégradation d’AMPc présente dans l’ovocyte a été attribuée à PDE3A, quoiqu’aucune variation n’ait été mesurée au cours de la MIV. L’utilisation d’un inhibiteur spécifique à la famille des PDE3 pendant la MIV nous a permis de définir une période se situant entre 15 à 21 heures de MIV où l’ovocyte s’engage irréversiblement dans sa maturation nucléaire. L’inhibition de PDE3 nous a également montré son implication dans le déroulement de la méiose stimulée par un inhibiteur de protéine phosphatase 1/2A. Ces résultats ont démontré le rôle fonctionnel de PDE3A dans la gestion de l’AMPc dans l’ovocyte porcin tout au long de sa MIV.
Dans un deuxième temps, la caractérisation des PDE dans les cellules du cumulus pendant la MIV a été réalisée. Nos résultats démontrent que PDE3A subit une augmentation d’expression de l’ARNm et d’activité pendant les 10 premières heures de MIV, soit 5 heures avant l’engagement irréversible de l’ovocyte dans sa maturation nucléaire. De plus, cette augmentation d’expression est dépendante de la présence de choriogonadotrophines équines. L’augmentation a été reproduite par deux facteurs stimulant la production d’AMPc ; la forskoline, et la prostaglandine E2. Cette augmentation a été empêchée par un inhibiteur de la protéine kinase dépendante de l’AMPc (PKA). Ces résultats démontrent la présence d’une voie d’autorégulation de l’AMPc présente dans les cellules du cumulus pendant la MIV qui serait dépendante de la voie de signalisation de l’AMPc et de PKA.
Dans un troisième temps, la communication intercellulaire entre les cellules du complexe ovocyte-cumulus (COC) pendant la MIV a été étudiée pour avancer notre compréhension de l’influence mutuelle que les deux types cellulaires exercent un sur l’autre. En outre, la communication intercellulaire utilisant les jonctions communicantes serait augmentée dans le COC par une augmentation d’expression de connexine 43 (Cx43) indépendante des gonadotrophines et stimulée par la rupture du contact entre le COC et les cellules de la granulosa murale. Après une période plateau de haute communication, il se produirait une coupure dramatique de la communication intercellulaire simultanément avec la maturation nucléaire de l’ovocyte. Cette coupure serait stimulée par les gonadotrophines et accompagnée par le recrutement de la Cx43 dans des microdomaines lipidiques de la membrane cellulaire.
Dans un dernier temps, la dégradation de la guanosine monophosphate 3’5’-cyclique (GMPc) a été étudiée dans le COC pendant la MIV. Les résultats suggèrent la présence d’une PDE hydrolysant le GMPc sensible à Zaprinast et à Sildenafil, deux inhibiteurs spécifiques aux PDE de la famille 5 et 6. Cette activité est augmentée après 24 heures de maturation in vitro et demeure élevée jusqu’à 48 heures.
En conclusion, nos études démontrent un profil d’expression de phosphodiestérases ainsi qu’une variation de la communication intercellulaire particulièrement intéressante dans le COC porcin. Ce portrait permet une avancée fondamentale dans notre vision de la gestion des nucléotides cycliques pendant la MIV. Le meilleur contrôle des niveaux de nucléotides cycliques pendant la MIV pourrait nous permettre d’améliorer les techniques de reproduction assistée en permettant un meilleur support de la maturation in vitro des ovocytes chez les espèces domestiques.Cyclic nucleotides are of paramount importance in diverse aspects of the physiological functions of the ovarian follicle. These secondary messengers are the intracellular intermediates of extracellular signals transmitted by the central nervous system, other endocrine tissues and the ovary itself. The length and intensity of these signals are modulated by the members of the phosphodiesterases (PDE) family, that inactivate cyclic nucleotides by hydrolysing the phosphodiester bond linking the phosphate group to the 3’ position of the desoxyribose moiety. Although they share a common function, the 11 types of PDE are achieving the delicate interpretation of external signals by their spatio-temporal variations of their expression patterns, by their unique activity modulation mecanisms and unique intracellular targeting. To further understand the modulation of cyclic nucleotides-mediated signals in the ovarian follicle, the functional characterization of PDE in the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) was carried out in a well defined in vitro maturation (IVM) system. First, the PDE expressed in the oocyte were characterized to illustrate their potential role in 3’5’ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) degradation during IVM. Nearly all cAMP degradation activity present in the oocyte was attributed to PDE3A, although no variation was measured during IVM. By delaying PDE3-specific inhibitor addition to the media, an oocyte meiotic resumption commitment period was determined from 15 to 21 hours. It has also demonstrated that PDE3A could be implicated in protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor-stimulated meiosis progression. These results have allowed us to precise the role of PDE3A in modulating cAMP in porcine oocyte during IVM. However, the absence of PDE3A activity variation in the oocyte during IVM has led us to believe to an active participation of the cumulus cells in the modulation of cAMP in the period preceding oocyte meiotic resumption. Second, the characterization of PDE in cumulus cells during IVM was undertaken. Our results demonstrate that PDE3A undergoes an upregulation after the first 10 hours of IVM, which is 5 hours before oocyte meiotic resumption commitment. Moreover, this upregulation was dependant of pregnant mare serum gonadotropins. The upregulation was also mimicked by cAMP-stimulation agents forskolin and prostaglandin E2 and has been inhibited by a cAMP-dependant protein kinase (PKA). These results suggest the presence of an autoregulatory loop of cAMP in cumulus cells that is activated following the stimulation of the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway during IVM. Third, intercellular communication between the cells of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) during IVM was studied to improve our understanding of the influence that the two cell types exert on each other. Gap-junction-mediated intercellular communication is increased in the COC by a gonadotropins-independent connexin 43 (Cx43) upregulation that is triggered by the rupture between cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells. After a sustained high level of communication, it dramatically drops simultaneously with oocyte meiotic resumption between 18 and 22 hours. This communication breakdown is stimulated by gonadotropins and accompanied by Cx43 recruitment to membrane lipid raft microdomains Finally, the degradation activity of 3’5’ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was studied in the COC during IVM. Our results revealed that a cGMP-hydrolysing PDE is present in the COC and it is sensitive to zaprinast and sildenafil, two PDE5- and PDE6-specific inhibitors. This activity was increased after 24 hours of IVM and remained high up to 48 hours. In conclusion, our studies have demonstrated a PDE profile and intercellular communication variations in the COC that is unique to the pig. This portrait brings further the edge of our fundamental knowledge of cyclic nucleotides modulation and transit during IVM. A better control of cyclic nucleotides during IVM could allow the improvement of assisted reproduction technologies and their efficacy in domestic mammals.
8
Renard, Frédéric. "Étude de la structure du nucléon via la photoproduction de mésons pseudoscalaires à GRAAL : mesure des sections efficaces et des asymétries de faisceau des réactions [gamma]+p->p+[pi]°et [gamma]+p->p+[éta] pour E[nu] compris entre 550 et 1100 MeV." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10270.
Анотація:
L'experience graal est consacree a la comprehension de la structure dynamique du nucleon et de ses etats excites, les resonances baryoniques. L'etude experimentale des reactions de photoproduction de mesons sur le nucleon est accomplie a l'aide d'un faisceau de photons polarises et d'un multi-detecteur 4. Le faisceau est produit par retrodiffusion compton de photons laser sur les electrons de 6 gev du synchrotron europeen a grenoble (l'esrf). Cette these porte sur l'analyse des premieres donnees acquises par la collaboration graal. Apres la caracterisation du faisceau et le calcul de la dose de photons etiquetes, l'analyse decrit les techniques d'identification des reactions de photoproduction des mesons 0 et. Les performances du systeme de detection, resolutions et efficacites, sont determinees a partir des mesures experimentales et des simulations. Les prises de donnees realisees en 1997 ont permis d'etudier les reactions p 0p et p p dans une gamme d'energie des photons allant de 550 a 1100 mev. L'analyse complete de ces deux canaux a ete effectuee et des resultats finaux pour la section efficace d/d et l'observable de polarisation ont ete obtenus. L'ensemble des corrections aux donnees ainsi que l'evaluation des erreurs systematiques sont presentes en detail. L'asymetrie faisceau obtenue avec une polarisation lineaire des photons, a ainsi ete mesuree pour la premiere fois dans la production du. La section efficace du meme processus et les mesures obtenues pour la production de 0 ameliorent grandement la precision et la couverture cinematique de la base de donnees existante. Les observables de polarisation sont sensibles a des contributions tres petites, difficiles a discerner dans les mesures de section efficace. Ainsi, le rapport de branchement de la resonance n*(1520) dans le canal a pu etre determine avec une bonne precision: b = / t o t = (0,08 0,01)%. Ces resultats sont selectifs pour les modeles des hadrons et contribuent ainsi a l'amelioration de notre connaissance des baryons et des mesons.
9
Buligon, Lidiane. "Solução semianalítica para o perfil vertical do vento na camada limite planetária." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3883.
Анотація:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIn the present study, using the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT), we derive a semi-analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation to obtain the mean wind profile in the atmospheric boundary layer. The technique combines series expansion and an integration employing an inverse-transform pair. The PBL is discretized into N sub-intervals in such manner that inside each sub-region the eddy diffusivity is the average value, this allows the use of realistic eddy diffusivity profiles, which depend on the physical characteristics of the energy-containing eddies. The nonlinear terms are written in terms of kinematical properties of the flow, such as divergence and vorticity, allowing the solutions to be interpreted in terms of large-scale synoptic conditions. The model results are compared to observed wind profiles obtained from the classical Wangara experiment. In addition, the results obtained by the proposed model are compared with the unidimensional model solved by the method of discretization, the model of two layers, with the logarithmic law and the Ekman model. The method used was efficient for the problem studied, since it has presented results consistent with those available in literature.
No presente estudo, usando a Técnica da Transformada Integral Generalizada (GITT), deriva-se uma solução semianalítica para as Equações de Navier-Stokes aplicada à Camada Limite Planetária (CLP). A técnica combina uma expansão em série com uma integração por meio de um par de transformada-inversa. A CLP é discretizada em N subintervalos de maneira que, dentro de cada sub-região, os coeficientes de difusão assumam valores médios, o que nos permite utilizar perfis mais realísticos para o coeficiente de difusão e que dependem das características dos turbilhões mais energéticos. Os termos não-lineares são escritos em função das propriedades cinemáticas do escoamento, como divergência e vorticidade, permitindo que a solução seja interpretada em termos das condições sinóticas de grande escala. O desempenho do modelo estudado foi comparado com dados experimentais de vento medidos durante os experimentos de Wangara. Adicionalmente, os resultados obtidos através do modelo proposto são comparados com o modelo unidimensional resolvido pelo método de discretização, com o modelo de duas camadas, com a Lei Logarítmica e com o modelo de Ekman. O método empregado mostrou-se eficiente para o problema estudado, uma vez que apresentou resultados coerentes com os disponíveis na literatura.
Книги з теми "Modèle GRAAL":
1
Baptist, M. J. Modelling floodplain biogeomorphology: Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft ... Delft, Netherlands: DUP Science, 2005.
2
Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn. Weaving a Tapestry from Biblical Exegesis to Romance Textuality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795148.003.0006.
Анотація:
This study examines how the particular character of Grail romances follows from the incongruous meeting of courtly and Christian discourses, combined for the first time in LeConte du Graal, Chrétien de Troyes’s last, unfinished romance. The romancer’s unsettling inclusion of religious issues within Arthurian narrative coincides with a new turn toward the Bible’s literal and historical sense observable in both Christian and Jewish biblical exegesis. By investigating features shared by romance and exegesis, we can glimpse how a number of issues involving representation and interpretation disseminate through later Grail stories, as the romancer’s inaugural gestures structure how rewriters negotiate the complexities of their enigmatic model. Divided into three sections, the chapter first treats the littera’s historical aspects and its arrangements (order, sequence, context). The second section examines the shifting relation between literal and allegorical senses, in order to explore the exegetical surprises of Chrétien’s prologue in the third.
3
El modelo de mediación corporativo en la industria foresto celulósica uruguaya. Teseo, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts873393013.
Анотація:
<p>Trabajo realizado como tesis de Maestría en Estudios Sociales Latinoamericanos (FSOC UBA) dirigida por la Dra. María Eugenia Contursi. Este estudio parte de la pregunta acerca de cómo se legitiman las corporaciones de la industria foresto-celulósica uruguaya, específicamente UPM y Montes del Plata, luego del Conflicto del Río Uruguay, especialmente desde octubre de 2010, a partir de que se levantó el corte de ruta por parte de los ambientalistas en el Puente Gral. San Martín. El problema se abordará a partir del estudio del modelo de mediación corporativo, es decir, de las representaciones y el dispositivo retórico-enunciativo que se utilizan para “proyectar” simbólica e imaginariamente la actividad de la industria, generadas por las dos empresas líderes del rubro -UPM y Montes del Plata- y que se materializan y difunden a través del discurso televisivo que emiten en el formato genérico de institucionales y micros informativos en los canales locales de Fray Bentos y Colonia.</p>
Частини книг з теми "Modèle GRAAL":
1
Vámos, P. "The Holy Grail of Algebra: Seeking Complete Sets of Invariants." In Abelian Groups and Modules, 475–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0443-2_38.
2
Slama, Dirk. "Predictive Maintenance for Hydraulic Components (Bosch Rexroth)." In The Digital Playbook, 371–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88221-1_30.
Анотація:
AbstractPredictive Maintenance has long been the holy grail of the IoT. However, experience has also shown that successfully implementing predictive maintenance for industrial use cases is harder than one might think, from finding a sustainable business model to actually delivering the technical implementation. This case study provides an account of a successful predictive maintenance implementation for hydraulic systems from the perspective of Bosch Rexroth, a leading supplier in this field (Fig. 33.1).
3
Hinterhuber, Andreas, and Michael Nilles. "Digital transformation, the Holy Grail and the disruption of business models." In Managing Digital Transformation, 120–26. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003008637-11.
4
Brock, Amanda. "Business and Revenue Models and Commercial Agreements." In Open Source Law, Policy and Practice, 329—C16.P294. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862345.003.0016.
Анотація:
Abstract This chapter explores how revenue is generated in businesses based on open source licensed software. Open source may be many things, beyond its legal categorisation, but open source software is not of itself a business model nor was it ever intended to be one. Generating revenue and finding a suitable business model for businesses based on open source licensed software, is, therefore, the ‘holy grail’ to many interested in open source. In light of this, the chapter first defines what open source is and what it is not. A consideration of possible revenue and business models is then provided. Next, the chapter discusses recent business issues in open source. Finally, the chapter covers commercial contracts.
5
Frangioni, Marina. "A New Tool for Supporting Innovation in Biotech Co-Innovation and the Role of Economic Developers." In Comparative Approaches to Biotechnology Development and Use in Developed and Emerging Nations, 238–50. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1040-6.ch008.
Анотація:
Biotech companies have been perceived has the Saint-Graal for economic development since a few years. But the economic downturn and a misunderstanding of the shift in innovation process, from a stage gate process to a user driven process placed, impairs biotech companies. Economic developer, which aims is to foster innovation to induce economic development asked themselves how to help innovation in the biotech sector to reach the market more rapidly and more efficiently. This book chapter present an overview in the innovation shift from the supply side to the demand side and propose a new model of intervention for economic developers in this new context of co-innovation.
6
Brownlee, Kevin. "René d’ Anjou and His Textual Models." In Allegory and the Poetic Self, 62–94. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069517.003.0004.
Анотація:
This essay considers in detail the numerous and diverse ways in which two literary model texts, the Quête du Saint Graal and the Roman de la Rose, function in the Livre du Cœur. René-author uses both the Quête and the Rose as key points of departure, while at the same time, consistently emphasizing the essential differences between them and his own (hybrid) masterwork. René’s text thus appears as a significant continuation of these two French canonical texts: a 15th-century rewriting of the two 13th-century authoritative literary model texts in the vernacular. This status is elaborated by the Livre du Cœur’s references to a key set of 15th-century French authors and texts: Alain Chartier (d. 1430), the Hôpital d’Amour of Achille Coulier (c. 1425-41), and to René himself, who is identified in multiple “biographic” ways that seem to contradict both the courtly and the chivalric ideals embodied in the Cœur. Finally, there is the literarily self-conscious inscription of a set of (tri-lingual) model authors: Ovid, Machaut, Boccaccio, Jean de Meun, Petrarch, and Alain Chartier. René is placing himself at the culmination of this line.
7
Motulsky, Harvey, and Arthur Christopoulos. "Complex dose-response curves." In Fitting Models to Biological Data Using Linear and Nonlinear Regression, 290–95. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195171792.003.0044.
Анотація:
Abstract The standard (Hill) sigmoidal dose-response model is based on the assumption that the log(dose) vs. response curve is symmetrical around its midpoint. But some dose-response curves are not symmetrical. In a recent study, Van der Graaf and Schoemaker (J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Meth., 41: 107-115, 1999) showed that the application of the Hill equation to asymmetric dose-response data can lead to quite erroneous estimates of drug potency (EC50). They suggested an alternative model, known as the Richards equation, which could provide a more adequate fit to asymmetric dose-response data. Here is the Richards model shown both as an equation and as computer code.
8
Seoane-Pardo, Antonio Miguel, and Francisco José García-Peñalvo. "Pedagogical Patterns and Online Teaching." In Online Tutor 2.0, 298–316. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5832-5.ch015.
Анотація:
This chapter summarizes the experience collected after years of researching and experiencing on teaching and learning online in the form of an eLearning pattern-architecture. In this architecture, based upon the leading role of the human factor (according to the vision of the eLearning by GRIAL Group), the whole processes occurring within any training activity is represented, from the institutional planning to the evaluation of the whole process, technological decisions, teaching activity, interaction with students, and so forth. This model is briefly presented after the explanation of the notion of pattern (and its application to the pedagogical context), as a prerequisite for understanding the scope of the use of this methodology in the field of online training.
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Kirytopoulos, Konstantinos, Dimitra Voulgaridou, and Vrassidas Leopoulos. "Upgrading effectiveness in VEs." In Managing Risk in Virtual Enterprise Networks, 263–89. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-607-0.ch012.
Анотація:
Due to the rapid evolution of information technology, supply chain integration is nowadays easier than in the past. Moreover, the need for economic efficiency leads suppliers and customers to closely co-operate in pursuit of, what seems to be the holy grail of modern supply chain management, end to end optimization. The core objective of this chapter is the provision of a decision framework for enterprise formations organized as collaborative clusters, which is a sophisticated form of a virtual enterprise network. This framework, based on the ANP-BOCR model, takes into account clusters’ special characteristics the most important of which is that the supply chain entities do have a clear picture of strategies, policies, needs, strengths and weaknesses of one another. The whole approach is illustrated through a parapharmaceutical cluster case study which reveals that “common” knowledge and risks are very important in an environment where entities are sometimes partners and sometimes competitors.
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O’Dea, Michael. "Educational Technology Standards in Focus." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 436–43. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch059.
Анотація:
Educational technology standards, or learning technology standards, as they are also known, have become an increasingly important area of multimedia technology and e-learning over the past decade. These standards have been developed and refined, and have grown to encompass wider aspects of e-learning as the discipline has matured. The scope and reach of e-learning and technology-enhanced systems has increased as a result of this maturing of the discipline. The “holy grail” of e-learning is to enable individualized, flexible, adaptive learning environments that support different learning models or pedagogical approaches to any Internet-enabled user, that these environments should also integrate into the wider MIS/student records system of the teaching institution, and that they should be cost-effective to develop, maintain, and update. The level of functionality of the current systems certainly has not gotten to this level yet, but there have been a number of big improvements made recently in certain of these areas, in particular, in how to make it less time-consuming to develop, more cost-effective, and interoperable. Educational Technology Standards have been in the forefront of these developments. The learning technology standardization process is leading the research effort in Web-based education. Standardization is needed for two main reasons: (1) educational resources are defined, structured, and presented using various formats; and (2) functional modules embedded in a particular learning system cannot be reused by another system in a straightforward way (Anido-Rifon, Fernandez-Iglesias, Llamas-Nistal, Caeiro-Rodriguez, & Santos-Gago, 2001). In this article, the main Educational Technology Standards will be presented, notably, LOM, SCORM, and OKI; their uses and coverage will be outlined; their shortcomings will be discussed; and the current areas of research will be reviewed.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Modèle GRAAL":
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Kazmerski, Lawrence, Suellen C. S. Costa, Marcelo Machado, and Antonia Sonia A. C. Diniz. "Dust in the wind: Soiling of solar devices : Is there a Holy Grail solution? (Conference Presentation)." In Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems IX, edited by Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth, and Keiichiro Sakurai. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2239534.
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Cone, Kim, Stephen M. Elardo, Richard M. Palin, Frank Spera, Wendy A. Bohrson, and Daniel F. Astudillo Manosalva. "WHY DO LUNAR MAGMA OCEAN COOLING MODELS STRUGGLE TO REPRODUCE A GRAIL-ERA CRUSTAL THICKNESS?" In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-379822.
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Mitrevski, Pece, and Ilija Hristoski. "Evaluation of Business-Oriented Performance Metrics in e-Commerce using Web-based Simulation." In CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.2915.
Анотація:
The Web 2.0 paradigm has radically changed the way businesses are run all around the world. Moreover, e-Commerce has overcome in daily shopping activities. For management teams, the assessment, evaluation, and forecasting of online incomes and other business-oriented performance measures have become ‘a holy grail’, the ultimate question imposing their current and future e-Commerce projects. Within the paper, we describe the development of a Web-based simulation model, suitable for their estimation, taking into account multiple operation profiles and scenarios. Specifically, we put focus on introducing specific classes of e-Customers, as well as the workload characterization of an arbitrary e-Commerce website. On the other hand, we employ and embed the principles of the system thinking approach and the system dynamics into the proposed solution. As a result, a complete simulation model has been developed, available online. The model, which includes numerous adjustable input variables, can be successfully utilized in making ‘what-if’-like insights into a plethora of business-oriented performance metrics for an arbitrary e-Commerce website. This project is, also, a great example of the power delivered by InsightMaker®, free-ofcharge Web-based software, suitable for a collaborative online development of models following the systems thinking paradigm.
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Kennedy, David. "Generalizing the Geometrical Factor Theory." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0001.
Анотація:
Archie developed his model based upon trends observed in formation resistivity factor - porosity and resistivity index-water saturation plots. The trends appear when the data is plotted on log-log graph pa-per. The trends are apparently straight lines on log-log paper, which means that they are “power laws” of the form F = 1/φm and I = 1/Swn where m and n are observed to distribute themselves around m and n = 2. Archie did not attempt to connect his empirical discovery to any physical first principles, nor did he discuss alternative trends that might have fit the data. However, Archie’s model filled a void in formation evaluation, and works well. Four decades would pass before researchers began to attempt to connect conductivity in rocks as described by the Archie model to first principles. Since 1980 several attempts to connect the Archie model to first principles were, and continue to be, made. There has been no generally accepted success in the attempts. Waxman and Smits (following M. R. J. Wyllie, 1952) changed the focus of attention from resistivity to conductivity in 1968. This was a step in the right direction, but they retained Archie’s model reformulated in conductivity terms; in that sense there was no change in thinking. The first rethinking of the problem appeared in 1993 by positing three first principles: bulk rock conductivity is proportional to (1) brine conductivity; (2) fractional volume of brine in the rock; (3) a geometrical factor. Brine conductivity and fractional volume of brine (i.e., porosity) are directly measurable, and the geometrical factor can be estimated from measurable quantities. From these “first principles” a model relating bulk rock conductivity to water saturation can be derived. The model, called the geometrical factor theory (GFT), is different from the Archie model, but the Archie model is contained within it as a limiting case. In 2007 a different model based upon a different formulation of the first principles, known as a pseudo-percolation threshold theory (PPTT), was developed. Although different from the GFT, PPTT also contains the Archie model as a limiting case. Since GFT and PPTT are different, it seems as if one of them must be wrong. However, I show that neither is wrong, but both are special cases of a more general model. Whereas Archie analyzed his data in terms of formation resistivity factor versus porosity and deduced a power law, an alternative analysis in terms of formation conductivity factor would have revealed that Archie’s data for both formation factor vs. porosity and resistivity index vs. water saturation is fit, arguably better, by a quadratic function. The quadrat-ic function follows directly from first principles, whereas Archie’s power law does not. I call the new model the Generalized GFT (GGFT), and show that it subsumes the GFT, PPTT, and Archie’s model as special cases. Interestingly, the shaly sand models can also be accommodated in GGFT. As an explanation of the Archie model from first principles has long been a Holy Grail of petrophysics, this is of significant interest.
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Schrage, Daniel. "The Search for an Ideal Bearingless Main Rotor (BMR) Design." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16735.
Анотація:
The Main Rotor Hub is the design centerpiece for helicopters and other forms of rotorcraft. It has been a very complex mechanical system design in the past, especially for fully articulated rotor systems. Two major efforts have been made to reduce this complexity. First, was the introduction of elastomeric bearings and dampers which have freed articulated rotor hubs from liquid lubrication and extreme mechanical complexity. This has made them economically feasible for designers and manufacturers of articulated helicopters, such as Boeing and Sikorsky in the U.S; Airbus and Leonardo in Europe; and MIL in Russia. However, the major progress in main rotor hubs has been the continuous movement "and search" toward the ideal hingeless and/or bearingless main rotor hubs. Designing the "Ideal Bearingless Main Rotor (BMR)" hub has been akin to seeking the "holy grail." One outside critic of the progress made toward the "Ideal BMR" over the years has been Thomas A. Hanson, who was involved in early designs of the Lockheed hingeless and bearingless rotor hubs in the 1960s. Having tried to go on his own after Lockheed failed and abandoned their hingeless and baringless rotor hubs, e.g. the XH-51A and the AH-56A Cheyenne, Tom revisited the status of rotorcraft hub design in the 1990s. However, due to the "not invented here" syndrome no major helicopter/rotorcraft manufacturer picked up on his innovative solutions. Helicopter/rotorcraft design engineers, especially those addressing aeroelasticity and dynamics, are a very small element in industry and government engineering organizations. The author of this paper was one of these and has been involved in developing, assessing and evaluating helicopter/rotorcraft designs for almost 50 years, e.g. UTTAS, AAH, AH-1 IRB, CH-47D, MDX, OH-58D, and LHX/RAH-66, along with accident investigations. He has also been the Georgia Tech Rotorcraft Design Professor from 1984 to 2019, where he taught and evaluated student design teams. In addition, his D.Sc. research and dissertation thesis under Dr. David A. Peters in 1978 (Schrage, D.P., "Effect of Structural Parameters on the Flap-Lag Forced response of a Rotor Blade in Forward Flight") shed new light on the tradeoffs between rotor loads and stability by developing an eigenvalue and modal decomposition approach. This included the evaluation of the Boeing and Sikorsky UTTAS bearingless tail rotors. This paper will review this search for the Ideal BMR and identify the importance it will play in future BMR designs which will be Cyber Physical Vehicle Systems (CPVS) to meet and satisfy the safety and design requirements of these new complex electrical, mechanical and adaptive control systems.
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Mondal, Somnath, Ashan Garusinghe, Sebastian Ziman, Muhammed Abdul-Hameed, Rakesh Paleja, Matthew Jones, Jan Limbeck, et al. "Efficiency and Effectiveness - A Fine Balance: An Integrated System to Improve Decisions in Real-Time Hydraulic Fracturing Operations." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209127-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a key driver of well productivity and field development planning, in addition to being the most significant portion of capex in shales. Recent breakthroughs in connectivity and digital technologies have enabled the monitoring and analyses of frac operations in real-time. However, most of the digitalization effort to date has been focused on increasing operational efficiency to reduce cost. Without an equal consideration for creating effective fracture geometries, this may lead to poor resource recovery and leave significant value behind. In this paper, we - 1) demonstrate the need to balance between optimizing fracture efficiency and effectiveness; 2) present an integrated system for frac optimization using real-time, historical data along with organizational knowledge; and 3) discuss the challenges of setting up such a system and key considerations, along with examples of large, untapped potential that can be unlocked with data science to deliver real value. Currently, several service providers exist to stream frac data with interactive analytics dashboards. While they offer some customizability, most do not provide a true frac optimization platform that goes beyond frac monitoring and analytics geared towards efficiency and cost indicators. We are still dependent on an individual operator's experience and rules of thumb to make job decisions during a frac stage. In this paper, a real-time optimization workflow is presented that uses advanced data science and statistical techniques to interpret and predict time-series treatment data, integrate historical and contextual information, and honor basin-specific knowledge that has been gathered and tested over the years. Examples are presented from diagnostic pads that highlight the need for balancing stimulation effectiveness with efficiency. We demonstrate a platform to host and execute an ensemble of models and visualizations that communicate actionable insights to an operator within minutes of identifying an event, gather feedback, and learn. Results from field testing show that our system accelerates the learning curve, enables consistent decision making by operators, and can generate significant cost savings. Finally, we share learnings from our digitalization journey. Completion and stimulation expenses account for approximately half of an unconventional well cost. Automated decision making for real-time fracture treatment is the holy grail of digital completions in shales. However, a blind pursuit of efficiency may lead to sub-par fracture treatments and significant value erosion for shale assets. We present an integrated framework that connects real-time data and organizational knowledge to guide an operator to pump the best frac stage while reacting to formation response within a set of constraints. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to describe the general architecture and demonstrate the viability of such a system that relies only on standard wellhead measurements during fracturing.
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Pink, Anthony, Adam Patterson, and Karl Erik Thoresen. "Building a System to Solve the Challenges of Drilling Hot Hard Rock for Geothermal and Oil and Gas." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212438-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract Objective Scope Geothermal energy is gaining attention worldwide as an attractive and vastly underutilized renewable energy source due to its abundance, baseload capability, resiliency, and reliability. While there are many types of geothermal energy concepts, the holy grail of geothermal – that would enable geothermal drilling and production in most places in the world – is hard rock or superhot rock concepts. Developing these systems requires drilling into granitic basement formations, often at temperatures exceeding 300º C. There are two main technological challenges associated with hard, hot rock concepts. Firstly, very hard rock, such as granite or basalt, limits the rate of penetration (ROP). Secondly, the temperature of the drilling system exceeds the operational limits of electronic tools like measurement while drilling (MWD) and Rotary Steerable. This paper discusses the modeling, design, and testing of a drilling system that solves both challenges. Methods Our approach to the ROP problem was to optimize the drilling system for drilling cold hard rock from 0º to 175º C and optimize the system for drilling hot hard rock where temperatures exceed 175º C. We will discuss the design and performance of both PDC drill bits and Hybrid Particle Impact/PDC bits in hard rock formations and the best application of the two methodologies moving forward. Our approach to the temperature problem was to model the entire wellbore and drillstring and investigate the effects of, but not limited to, the starting temperature of the fluid, flow rate of the fluid, type of fluid, impact of the thickness, type of insulation on the inside of the drillpipe, the diameter of the pipe, and continuous circulation. The objective of the modeling was to understand the relative impact of changes to the system on the temperature of the drilling fluid and the most cost-effective way to deliver a 150º C fluid to the bottom of the hole. Results, Observations and Conclusions This paper will discuss the results, observations, and conclusions of testing and running PDC drill bits and Particle Impact Drilling/PDC hybrids in hard formations. The results will derive from lab testing and geothermal drilling projects. The paper will also discuss the field testing and running of components of a drilling system optimized to deliver as cool a fluid as possible to the bottom of the wellbore. Novel/Additive Information The results shown in this paper suggest that we have solved, or are very close to solving, two of the major challenges which prevent geothermal energy from being economically viable worldwide and not just restricted to the small geographic areas where you have very high temperature gradients associated with volcanic activity. The results would also have significant benefits for oil and gas wells where the bottom hole temperatures exceed 175º C.
Звіти організацій з теми "Modèle GRAAL":
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Sinclair, Samantha, and Sally Shoop. Automated detection of austere entry landing zones : a “GRAIL Tools” validation assessment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45265.
Анотація:
The Geospatial Remote Assessment for Ingress Locations (GRAIL) Tools software is a geospatial product developed to locate austere entry landing zones (LZs) for military aircraft. Using spatial datasets like land classification and slope, along with predefined LZ geometry specifications, GRAIL Tools generates binary suitability filters that distinguish between suitable and unsuitable terrain. GRAIL Tools combines input suitability filters, searches for LZs at user‐defined orientations, and plots results. To refine GRAIL Tools, we: (a) verified software output; (b) conducted validation assessments using five unpaved LZ sites; and (c) assessed input dataset resolution on outcomes using 30 and 1‐m datasets. The software was verified and validated in California and the Baltics, and all five LZs were correctly identified in either the 30 or the 1‐m data. The 30‐m data provided numerous LZs for consideration, while the 1‐m data highlighted hazardous conditions undetected in the 30‐m data. Digital elevation model grid size affected results, as 1‐m data produced overestimated slope values. Resampling the data to 5 m resulted in more realistic slopes. Results indicate GRAIL Tools is an asset the military can use to rapidly assess terrain conditions.
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Einstein, J. R., R. J. Mural, X. Guan, and E. C. Uberbacher. Computer-based construction of gene models using the GRAIL Gene Assembly Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7160076.
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Einstein, J. R., R. J. Mural, X. Guan, and E. C. Uberbacher. Computer-based construction of gene models using the GRAIL Gene Assembly Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176476.