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1
ill, Weidner Randy, and Ossmann Frank ill, eds. Those fabulous flying machines: A history of flight in three dimensions with punch-out plane model. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1985.
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2
Roger, Carp, Schmid John W, and Schmid George J, eds. Inside the Lionel trains fun factory: The history of a manufacturing icon and the place where childhood dreams were made. Winfield, IL: Project Roar Publishing, 2008.
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3
Packevich, Alla. Model of the settlement system of the future. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/997136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook is devoted to the issues of understanding the laws in the evolution of human consciousness and the formation of a pyramid of human values. For this purpose, the study analyzes the periodization of spatial structures and attempts to reproduce the logic of the process of consciousness development. The place of man in the system of cosmic evolution, the understanding of the process of transition from passive and unconscious human participation in evolution to active and conscious are comprehended. Brief information about the principles of the formation of the structure of space and the organization of systems of populated places is presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of all forms of education of educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher education in the field of training "Architecture" , as well as for all those interested in the problems of territorial development.
4
Manfredi, Claudia, ed. Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-793-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions with Biomedical Applications (MAVEBA) workshop came into being in 1999 from the particularly felt need of sharing know-how, objectives and results between areas that until then seemed quite distinct such as bioengineering, medicine and singing. MAVEBA deals with all aspects concerning the study of the human voice with applications ranging from the neonate to the adult and elderly. Over the years the initial issues have grown and spread also in other aspects of research such as occupational voice disorders, neurology, rehabilitation, image and video analysis. MAVEBA takes place every two years always in Firenze, Italy.
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Manfredi, Claudia, ed. Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-607-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications (MAVEBA) came into being in 1999 from the particularly felt need of sharing know-how, objectives and results between areas that until then seemed quite distinct such as bioengineering, medicine and singing. MAVEBA deals with all aspects concerning the study of the human voice with applications ranging from the neonate to the adult and elderly. Over the years the initial issues have grown and spread also in other aspects of research such as occupational voice disorders, neurology, rehabilitation, image and video analysis. MAVEBA takes place every two years always in Firenze, Italy.
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Manfredi, Claudia, ed. Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-961-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications (MAVEBA) came into being in 1999 from the particularly felt need of sharing know-how, objectives and results between areas that until then seemed quite distinct such as bioengineering, medicine and singing. MAVEBA deals with all aspects concerning the study of the human voice with applications ranging from the neonate to the adult and elderly. Over the years the initial issues have grown and spread also in other aspects of research such as occupational voice disorders, neurology, rehabilitation, image and video analysis. MAVEBA takes place every two years always in Firenze, Italy. This edition celebrates twenty years of uninterrupted and succesfully research in the field of voice analysis.
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Manfredi, Claudia, ed. Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-449-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications (MAVEBA) came into being in 1999 from the particularly felt need of sharing know-how, objectives and results between areas that until then seemed quite distinct such as bioengineering, medicine and singing. MAVEBA deals with all aspects concerning the study of the human voice with applications ranging from the newborn to the adult and elderly. Over the years the initial issues have grown and spread also in other fields of research such as occupational voice disorders, neurology, rehabilitation, image and video analysis. MAVEBA takes place every two years in Firenze, Italy. This edition celebrates twenty-two years of uninterrupted and successful research in the field of voice analysis.
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Cavaciocchi, Simonetta, ed. Le interazioni fra economia e ambiente biologico nell'Europa preindustriale secc. XIII-XVIII. Economic and biological interactions in pre-industrial Europe from the 13th to the 18th centuries. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-596-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pests, parasites and pathogenic agents have exerted a notable influence on the process of economic development of pre-industrial Europe, in view of their influence on the health, longevity and reproduction of human beings, plants and animals. On each occasion man has reacted to biological uncertainty with responses that were public or private, formal or informal and differed in both efficacy and cost. Success has always been partial, and dependent on experience, knowledge and the investment of economic resources. These reciprocal influences have never been allocated an appropriate or convincing place in the institutional model or those of Smith, Malthus, Ricardo or Marx, typically exploited to describe and explain the flux and reflux of the economic development of pre-industrial Europe. In these proceedings of Study Week promoted by the Fondazione Datini, the leading experts in the sector have undertaken to analyse, exemplify and discuss the precise nature of the complex interactions between economic and biological processes and agents. Adopying a stimulating, innovative and interdisciplinary approach, they appraise the degree to which such processes acted in reciprocal independence, whether there was a significant co-evolution and what prospects there are for developing explanatory models that better grasp the essentially bilateral nature of such interactions.
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Babeshko, Lyudmila, and Irina Orlova. Econometrics and econometric modeling in Excel and R. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook includes topics of modern econometrics, often used in economic research. Some aspects of multiple regression models related to the problem of multicollinearity and models with a discrete dependent variable are considered, including methods for their estimation, analysis, and application. A significant place is given to the analysis of models of one-dimensional and multidimensional time series. Modern ideas about the deterministic and stochastic nature of the trend are considered. Methods of statistical identification of the trend type are studied. Attention is paid to the evaluation, analysis, and practical implementation of Box — Jenkins stationary time series models, as well as multidimensional time series models: vector autoregressive models and vector error correction models. It includes basic econometric models for panel data that have been widely used in recent decades, as well as formal tests for selecting models based on their hierarchical structure. Each section provides examples of evaluating, analyzing, and testing models in the R software environment. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is addressed to master's students studying in the Field of Economics, the curriculum of which includes the disciplines Econometrics (advanced course)", "Econometric modeling", "Econometric research", and graduate students."
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Babeshko, Lyudmila, Mihail Bich, and Irina Orlova. Econometrics and econometric modeling. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1141216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook covers a wide range of issues related to econometric modeling. Regression models are the core of econometric modeling, so the issues of their evaluation, testing of assumptions, adjustment and verification are given a significant place. Various aspects of multiple regression models are included: multicollinearity, dummy variables, and lag structure of variables. Methods of linearization and estimation of nonlinear models are considered. An apparatus for evaluating systems of simultaneous and apparently unrelated equations is presented. Attention is paid to time series models. Detailed solutions of the examples in Excel and the R software environment are included. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate and graduate students studying in the field of "Economics", the curriculum of which includes the disciplines "Econometrics"," Econometric Modeling","Econometric research".
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G, Ramirez, Pei K. C, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Discrete-layer piezoelectric plate and shell models for active tip-clearance control. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1994.
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12
G, Ramirez, Pei K. C, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Discrete-layer piezoelectric plate and shell models for active tip-clearance control. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1994.
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13
G, Ramirez, Pei K. C, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Discrete-layer piezoelectric plate and shell models for active tip-clearance control. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1994.
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14
Scott, Dominic, and R. Edward Freeman. Models of Leadership in Plato and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837350.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book draws on Plato’s philosophy to throw light on contemporary leadership theory and practice. It combines an account of his thought with applications to modern case studies and approaches, in both politics and business. Rather than attempting to give a single ‘one-size-fits-all’ definition of leadership, his strategy was to break it into its different strands. He presents several ‘models’ of leadership, most of them images or analogies: the leader as doctor, navigator, artist, teacher, shepherd, weaver, or sower. Each model points to features of leadership that we intuitively recognize to be important (e.g. curing a social malaise, charting a new course, or weaving together the social fabric). Some were already in wide circulation in Plato’s time, like the shepherd and the navigator. What he did was to make them much richer and more complex. The book goes through the models individually, setting out the essentials of Plato’s thought and then illustrating each model with modern case studies—eighteen in total, including presidents, CEOs, and Nobel laureates. There is also a chapter comparing Plato’s models with four recent leadership approaches. Highly innovative in its approach, this book presupposes no prior knowledge of Plato, although those familiar with his philosophy will find it a fruitful way of re-reading his work. But the focus is first and foremost on leadership, rather than celebrating Plato’s achievements: the priority is to present a multi-faceted approach, which does justice to the complex phenomenon of leadership.
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Primitive Equations Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter gives the foundations of modelling of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic motions and presents the ‘primitive equations’ (PE) model. After a concise reminder on general fluid mechanics, the main hypotheses leading to the PE model are explained, together with the tangent-plane (so-called f and beta plane) approximations, and ‘traditional’ approximation to the hydrodynamical equations on the rotating sphere. PE are derived in parallel for the ocean and for the atmosphere. It is then shown that, with a judicious choice of the vertical coordinate, the ‘pseudo-height’, in the atmosphere, these two sets of equations are practically equivalent. The main properties of PE are derived and the key concepts of wave–vortex dichotomy, and of slow and fast motions, are explained. The essential notion of potential vorticity is introduced and its conservation by fluid masses is demonstrated. Inertia–gravity waves are explained and their properties presented. Limitations of the hydrostatic hypothesis are demonstrated.
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Sayers, Matthew R. Funeral and Ancestral Offerings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter outlines the development of the enduring model of ritual ancestral offerings, the śrāddha. A discussion of the Vedic antecedents for ancestor worship provides context for describing the development of both solemn and domestic modes of ancestral offerings. The four forms of the śrāddha are described and shown to be a result of the synthesis of older ritual models. It is shown that three key historical shifts—the increasing importance of domestic modes of ritual activity, the greater extent and detail of textual treatments of the ancestral rites, and the central place given to ancestral ritual in the dharma tradition—play a key role in the development of the classical śrāddha, which becomes the paradigmatic ancestral rite that endures in contemporary practice.
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Schwartz, Richard Evan. The Plaid Model. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181387.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Outer billiards provides a toy model for planetary motion and exhibits intricate and mysterious behavior even for seemingly simple examples. It is a dynamical system in which a particle in the plane moves around the outside of a convex shape according to a scheme that is reminiscent of ordinary billiards. This book provides a combinatorial model for orbits of outer billiards on kites. The book relates these orbits to such topics as polytope exchange transformations, renormalization, continued fractions, corner percolation, and the Truchet tile system. The combinatorial model, called “the plaid model,” has a self-similar structure that blends geometry and elementary number theory. The results were discovered through computer experimentation and it seems that the conclusions would be extremely difficult to reach through traditional mathematics. The book includes an extensive computer program that allows readers to explore the materials interactively and each theorem is accompanied by a computer demonstration.
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Burns, Tom, and Mike Firn. Model variance and model fidelity: The lessons from ACT. Edited by Tom Burns and Mike Firn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754237.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter takes the assertive community treatment (ACT) model of community outreach as a starting point and examines what can and what cannot be varied and still achieve good results. ACT has a special place in community outreach as it was the first model of care confirmed by research, and controversy has raged about the need, or otherwise, for ‘model fidelity’. The chapter identifies the core ingredients—small caseloads, in vivo psychosocial treatments, mainstreaming, flexibility, 24/7 availability—and examines the evidence for and against them. It pays particular attention to the roles of support workers and the medical member of the team. Later developments such as flexible assertive outreach (FACT) are also described.
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Trivigno, Franco V. Plato. Edited by Nancy E. Snow. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199385195.013.42.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter foregrounds aspects of Plato’s thinking about virtue that may be useful for contemporary virtue ethicists. First, Plato presents Socrates’ self-knowledge as a kind of ‘moral epistemic humility,’ and this notion may be important for theories that set a high bar for moral knowledge. Second, Plato provides various models—with wisdom at the forefront—for configuring the relationship amongst the virtues. Third, Plato’s view that virtue is sufficient for happiness, though external goods contribute to one’s level of happiness, represents an underexplored option in contemporary work. Fourth, very few scholars have drawn from Plato’s rich account of the moral psychology of eros, or love, in the development and maintenance of the proper attitude toward virtue. Finally, Plato’s political thought, in which the state’s central task is tend to the virtue and happiness of its citizens, may provide a rich resource for those interested in moral education and virtue politics.
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Epstein, Charles L., and Rafe Mazzeo. The Model Solution Operators. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157122.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter introduces the model problems and the solution operator for the associated heat equations. These operators give a good approximation for the behavior of the heat kernel in neighborhoods of different types of boundary points. The chapter states and proves the elementary features of these operators and shows that the model heat operators have an analytic continuation to the right half plane. It first considers the model problem in 1-dimension and in higher dimensions before discussing the solution to the homogeneous Cauchy problem. It then describes the first steps toward perturbation theory and constructs the solution operator for generalized Kimura diffusions on a suitable scale of Hölder spaces. It also defines the resolvent families and explains why the estimates obtained here are not adequate for the perturbation theoretic arguments needed to construct the solution operator for generalized Kimura diffusions.
21
Cummings, Scott L. An Equal Place. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190215927.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book is about the role of lawyers in the movement to challenge economic inequality in one of America’s most unequal cities: Los Angeles. Covering a transformative period of city history—from the 1992 riots to the 2008 recession—the book examines how law has been used, and what it has achieved, in the struggle to make Los Angeles a more equal place. The backdrop is the dramatic growth of low-wage work powered by global outsourcing, declining unionism, increasing labor contingency, and surging immigration. The book’s narrative focus is on five pivotal campaigns in which lawyers allied with the city’s dynamic labor, immigrant rights, and environmental movements mobilize law to transform key sectors of the regional economy. These campaigns, analyzed through in-depth case studies, reveal how law has shaped low-wage work in Los Angeles—and at times provided a potent weapon to contest it. Drawing upon archival research, extensive interviews with key actors, and a review of court files, this book explores the role of lawyers in defining the city as a space for redefining work. Challenging critical accounts of lawyers in social movements, its central claim is that by advancing an innovative model of legal mobilization, the L.A. campaigns have achieved meaningful regulatory reform, while strengthening the position of workers in the field of local politics. Through multidimensional advocacy to promote worker organizing, lawyers and activists have succeeded in converting policy change into greater interest group power—forging a new model of progressive city-building for the twenty-first century.
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Buchler, Justin. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial theory is divided between models of elections and models of roll call voting, neither of which alone can explain congressional polarization. This chapter discusses the history of spatial theory, why it is important to link the two strands of spatial models, and the value of reversing the order of conventional models. Conventional models place an election before policy decisions are made. This chapter proposes a unified spatial model of Congress in which the conventional order is reversed. First, there is a legislative session, then an election in which voters respond retrospectively, not to the locations candidates claim to hold, but to the bundles of roll call votes that incumbents cast to incrementally adopt their locations in the policy space. Such a model is best suited to explaining three puzzles: why do legislators adopt extreme positions, how do they win, and what role do parties play in the process?
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de Shalit, Avner. Of Milkshake and Boxers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833215.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
If immigrants do settle in the city, is there an integration model which can sustain a sense of place and which is morally superior to other models? Based on research in Jerusalem, Berlin, and Amsterdam, Chapter 3 claims that immigrants challenge the city’s coherency on three levels: sociological, axiological (of values), and psychological. It is argued that different cities are able to cope with different levels of this challenge and that in Amsterdam, the Milkshake city, all three levels are met in a process of mutual assimilation and the formation of hybrid personalities. Nevertheless, it cannot be argued that this model is morally superior because these models derive from different historical and political circumstances.
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Wang, Qi. Culture in Collaborative Remembering. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter outlines a cultural dynamic model of the constructive process of cultural influences on collaborative remembering. The text applies the model to analyze two kinds of collaborative remembering: one takes place in the most intimate and immediate social context of family where parents and children share memories together; the other takes place in a remote, metaphysical space where autobiographical writers tell their stories to a potentially infinite and yet anonymous audience. The analysis illuminates the dynamic process in which culture shapes the function and accessibility and, further, the style and content of collaborative remembering of personal and vicarious experiences. The consequences of different modes of collaborative remembering for personal memory are then further discussed.
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Gauthier, Ryan. Competition Law, Free Movement of Players, and Nationality Restrictions. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines restrictions that professional sports leagues and governing bodies place on the freedom of movement of professional players—both negotiated and imposed—and how these restrictions fit within the antitrust/competition and labor law regimes. This chapter engages in a comparison of the North American and European “models” of restrictions and finds that the North American “model” is more likely to withstand antitrust/competition law scrutiny. The North American model falls under the protections offered to collectively bargained agreements, while the European model currently faces scrutiny for potential violations of European competition law. Nevertheless, this chapter suggests that these two models are likely to converge as the internationalization of sport continues. European governing bodies may be pushed to negotiate with players more in the future, while North American leagues are already adopting “European” practices in regard to facilitating player movement among other professional leagues.
26
Whitesell, Lloyd. Style Modes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter introduces a new index for the analysis of individual musical numbers, specifically in the genre of film musicals: “style mode,” which refers to background orientations of stylistic treatment in both sonic and visual design. It defines the genre’s primary style modes—ordinary, children’s, burlesque, razzle-dazzle, and glamour—by way of well-known examples and illustrates their effectiveness as analytical categories, providing insight into large-scale planning as well as the meanings projected within individual numbers. Because the projection of a style mode takes place independently of the musical “language” being spoken (e.g., jazz, blues, musical theater, rock), style modes are clearly distinguished from musical topics and idioms.
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Engel, George L. Clinical Application of the Biopsychosocial Model. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190628871.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work by the late Dr. George Engel comprises this chapter of Patient-Centered Medicine: A Human Experience in which the clinical application of the biopsychosocial model is examined. How physicians approach patients and the problems they present are influenced by the conceptual models around which their knowledge is organized. In this chapter, the implications of the biopsychosocial model for the study and care of a patient with an acute myocardial infarction are presented and contrasted with approaches used by adherents of the more traditional biomedical model. A medical rather than a psychiatric patient was selected to emphasize the unity of medicine and to help define the place of psychiatrists in the education of physicians of the future.
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Miró Llinares, Fernando, and Shane D. Johnson. Cybercrime and Place. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses how environmental criminology can be applied to cybercrime. It first discusses the concept of cybercrime and how there are different types of offending and opportunities. It then considers the architecture of cyberspace and how it differs from physical spaces. In particular, thought is given to how concepts of time and space differ across the two environments, and why it is necessary to rethink or adapt models of environmental criminology to understand crimes in cyberspace. Section 38.4 looks at some of the criminal opportunities afforded by the configuration of the Internet and how it is used. Finally, conclusions are drawn and (some) policy implications that follow from an environmental criminology approach to cybercrime are discussed.
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Pinals, Debra A., and Joel T. Andrade. Applicability of the recovery model in corrections. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mental health professionals and substance use providers have worked with “recovery” concepts for many years. President Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health spoke to important aspects of mental health care systems that were challenged, recognizing that “care must focus on increasing consumers’ ability to successfully cope with life’s challenges, on facilitating recovery, and on building resilience, [and] not just on managing symptoms.” Furthermore, the report went on to state that “recovery will be the common, recognized outcome of mental health services.” These words related to general mental health services, and yet correctional settings have become a place where mental health services are increasingly needed. Prisons and jails, however, are built around confinement and the general principles of sentencing that include retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Thus it might seem that there is such a fundamental distinction between a prison or jail and a place of treatment that a “recovery” orientation seems inappropriate or unrealistic. In this chapter, we address recovery, describing various ways of defining this construct. We also review potential considerations related to recovery-oriented services that may be feasible and even helpful within correctional environments, and describe some of the tensions between recovery and responsibility in the context of working with an offender population. Finally, we present recommendations for combining evidence-based treatments for incarcerated individuals with a recovery based model for inmates with mental health needs.
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Pinals, Debra A., and Joel T. Andrade. Applicability of the recovery model in corrections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0040_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mental health professionals and substance use providers have worked with “recovery” concepts for many years. President Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health spoke to important aspects of mental health care systems that were challenged, recognizing that “care must focus on increasing consumers’ ability to successfully cope with life’s challenges, on facilitating recovery, and on building resilience, [and] not just on managing symptoms.” Furthermore, the report went on to state that “recovery will be the common, recognized outcome of mental health services.” These words related to general mental health services, and yet correctional settings have become a place where mental health services are increasingly needed. Prisons and jails, however, are built around confinement and the general principles of sentencing that include retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Thus it might seem that there is such a fundamental distinction between a prison or jail and a place of treatment that a “recovery” orientation seems inappropriate or unrealistic. In this chapter, we address recovery, describing various ways of defining this construct. We also review potential considerations related to recovery-oriented services that may be feasible and even helpful within correctional environments, and describe some of the tensions between recovery and responsibility in the context of working with an offender population. Finally, we present recommendations for combining evidence-based treatments for incarcerated individuals with a recovery based model for inmates with mental health needs.
31
Zeitlin, Vladimir. Simplifying Primitive Equations: Rotating Shallow-Water Models and their Properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this chapter, one- and two-layer versions of the rotating shallow-water model on the tangent plane to the rotating, and on the whole rotating sphere, are derived from primitive equations by vertical averaging and columnar motion (mean-field) hypothesis. Main properties of the models including conservation laws and wave-vortex dichotomy are established. Potential vorticity conservation is derived, and the properties of inertia–gravity waves are exhibited. The model is then reformulated in Lagrangian coordinates, variational principles for its one- and two-layer version are established, and conservation laws are reinterpreted in these terms.
32
Buchler, Justin. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several puzzles remain unresolved by the unified model. The first is why legislators have noncentrist preferences in the first place. The unified model, because it begins with a legislative session, takes preferences as initial conditions, so it is unsuited to explaining this puzzle. Second, while the model focuses on explaining polarization in the House of Representatives, the Senate too has become more polarized. Finally, it remains to be seen what will happen to the divisions among congressional Republicans as the legislative agenda shifts back to an agenda under unified government. Moving forward, spatial models of elections must consider the institutional rules of the office being sought, and explore alternative structures. Party scholars must also rethink the role of parties in representation if their primary purpose is to prevent responsiveness to legislators’ constituents.
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Buchler, Justin. Incremental Polarization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book provides a unified spatial model of legislative elections, parties, and roll call voting to address three primary questions: why do legislators adopt extreme positions, how do they win given their extremism, and what role do parties play in promoting polarization? The book links spatial models of elections to spatial models of roll call voting in the legislature, and suggests that the key to understanding polarization is to reverse the order of conventional models and place the legislative session before the election because legislators adopt positions in the policy space, extreme or otherwise, through the incremental process of casting roll call votes. Linking a spatial model of an election to a model of roll call voting, the book derives the following. When a legislative caucus is ideologically homogeneous, electorally diverse, and policy motivated, it will empower party leaders to solve the collective action problem of sincere voting by counterbalancing members’ electoral pressure to vote as centrists. The result is that the caucus achieves policy goals at the cost of some electoral security, but agenda paradoxes minimize the electoral damage done, so most incumbents win re-election anyway at only slightly diminished margins. This model explains the development of polarization in the House of Representatives throughout the post–World War II period, and key votes on legislation such as the Affordable Care Act. Moreover, even the unusual politics within the Republican Party during the divided government period from 2011 through 2016 follow naturally from extensions of the model.
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Rotating Shallow-Water Models with Full Coriolis Force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The derivation of the rotating shallow-water model by vertical averaging is carried on in the tangent plane approximation without neglecting the vertical component of the Coriolis force, and contributions of the vertical component of velocity in its horizontal component (‘non-traditional’ terms), leading to one- and two-layer ‘non-traditional’ rotating shallow-water models. A similar approach on the whole sphere encounters difficulties with conservation of angular momentum. Consistent ‘non-traditional’ rotating shallow-water equations in this case are obtained from the variational principle, which is first formulated for full primitive equations. It is shown that columnar motion hypothesis should be replaced by solid-angle motion one on the sphere. Two-layer non-traditional rotating shallow-water equations are used to analyse inertial instability of jets and compare the results with Chapter 10. It is shown that non-traditional terms can increase the growth rates up to 30% in some configurations and can also change the structure of the unstable modes.
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Wave Motions in Rotating Shallow Water with Boundaries, Topography, at the Equator, and in Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter illustrates the influence of lateral boundaries, bottom topography, outcroppings, equatorial tangent plane approximation, and cylindrical channel geometry in laboratory experiments on the wave spectrum, and characteristics of waves in rotating shallow-water model. It is shown that all these effects lead to appearance of wave-guide modes, localised in one spatial direction, and freely propagating in another one. These modes are coastal and equatorial Kelvin waves, topographic and equatorial Rossby waves, shelf and edge waves, equatorial Yanai and inertia–gravity waves, and frontal waves. Their dispersion and polarisation relations are established, and their properties explained. Mountain (lee) waves are also treated.
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Rehder, Bob. Concepts as Causal Models. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter evaluates the case for treating concepts as causal models, the view that people conceive of a categories as consisting of not only features but also the causal relations that link those features. In particular, it reviews the role of causal models in category-based induction. Category-based induction consists of drawing inferences about either objects or categories; in the latter case one generalizes a feature to a category (and thus its members). How causal knowledge influences how categories are formed in the first place—causal-based category discovery—is also examined. Whereas the causal model approach provides a generally compelling account of a large variety of inductive inferences, certain key discrepancies between the theory and empirical findings are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new sorts of representations, tasks, and tests that should be applied to the causal model approach to concepts.
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Lerner, Richard M., Jacqueline V. Lerner, G. John Geldhof, Steinunn Gestsdóttir, Pamela Ebstyne King, Alistair T. R. Sim, Milena Batanova, Jonathan M. Tirrell, and Elizabeth Dowling. Studying Positive Youth Development in Different Nations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International interest is growing concerning using strength-based models of adolescent development to understand how mutually influential relations between individuals and their key settings may be a basis for positive, healthy development. Bidirectional relations models are linked to relational developmental systems (RDS) metatheory, with a focus on the positive youth development (PYD) model, the most used ininternational PYD-related research and programs. A three-nation, counterfactual, comparative, longitudinal study is described to understand if Compassion International programs enhance thriving of the world’s poorest youth. RDS metatheory ideas point to the need for longitudinal studies using measures reflecting reliability, validity, and invariance across people, time, and place. This research should be framed by the “specificity principle” to identify individual and setting combinations that capitalize on the strengths of youth and place young people on a thriving trajectory.
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de Shalit, Avner. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833215.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Immigration should be discussed within the context of the city rather than the state because cities are now quite autonomous political entities and because nearly all immigrants settle in cities. Hence the meeting between locals and immigrants take place in the context of urban life rather than as citizens of the state. The book’s three questions are presented: should cities be in charge of deciding whether to allow immigrants to settle in the city? If yes, what local political rights should be granted to immigrants? And is there a model of integration which is superior to other models? The latter involved a comparative study of three such models, in Amsterdam, Berlin, and Jerusalem.
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Bushman, Richard Lyman. The Gold Plates as Foundational Text. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190274375.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Richard Bushman’s “The Gold Plates as Foundational Text” focuses on the making of the Book of Mormon. In contrast to the controversies over the recovery and translation of the gold plates, the translated text is detailed and precise in explaining its own construction. Even the complicated insertion of the “small plates” into a narrative based on the “large plates” is explained and rationalized as a cultural and political force within the story. First, Nephi was clearly a political document created to justify the division of the family and the nation. Furthermore, its spiritual and prophetic emphasis made it a model for Mormon’s abridgment of the large plates. The Book of Mormon, Bushman argues, comes through as a human text pieced together by human hands out of many parts.
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Devereux, Daniel. Classical Political Philosophy: Plato and Aristotle. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Systematic political thought in ancient Greece begins with Plato, and quickly reaches its zenith in the rich and complex discussions in Aristotle's Politics. The political theories of both philosophers are closely tied to their ethical theories, and their interest is in questions concerning constitutions or forms of government. Herodotus sketches a fascinating debate by proponents of three forms of government: democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy. In Euripides' Suppliant Maidens, there is a debate between Theseus, champion of Athenian democracy, and a messenger from Creon, ruler of Thebes. Among Plato's predecessors there was a tradition of political thought and debate, but he was the first Greek thinker to undertake a careful, systematic analysis of fundamental questions in political philosophy. This article discusses Socrates' influence on Plato. It then looks at Plato's masterpiece, the Republic, and considers his model of an ideal constitution. It concludes with a discussion of Aristotle's complex and sophisticated analysis of political constitutions.
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Hoffmann, George. No Place Anywhere: Observation as Worship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808763.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Though often read as proto-ethnographic documents, French reformed accounts of the New World reveal their indebtedness to the exoticizing tropes of satiric literature. A growing sensitivity to custom as a function of place and to reformers’ own mobility, both geographical and mental, led to a precocious notion of universality—church could be anywhere one joined one’s hands in prayer. Far from merely disdaining “local” customs, reformers practiced keen forms of observation whose debt to traditional disciplined observance makes them count as a mode of worship, not an anticipation of scientific empiricism. Finally, satiric defamiliarization predisposed French reformers to accept their diasporic destiny.
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Gatta, John. Contemplating Site-Based Education and Place-Making. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646547.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter considers some practical applications of place-based inquiry, beginning with an assessment of site-grounded ventures in learning at collegiate institutions across the United States. Site-based learning amounts to an extension of the long-standing but beleaguered residential model of higher education. Such programs may also expose students to the spirituality of “contemplative ecology,” thereby contributing to one version of holistic education. The chief rationale for contemplative learning in place rests on enlarging students’ awareness and understanding of place, as well as their capacity for place-making. Chapter 5 finally explores these issues in relation to a localized case study, involving a course conducted at the University of the South. Through a combination of field visits, contemplative exercises, readings, and group discussion, this course aims to develop students’ sense of how sacral and other notions of place matter—to them personally, as well as to other human beings and the earth we all inhabit.
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Siegel, Harvey. Rationality and Judgment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682675.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Philosophical/epistemic theories of rationality differ over the role of judgment in rational argumentation. According to the “classical model” of rationality, rational justification is a matter of conformity with explicit rules or principles. Critics of the classical model, such as Harold Brown and Trudy Govier, argue that the model is subject to insuperable difficulties. They propose, instead, that rationality be understood, ultimately, in terms of judgment rather than rules. In this paper I respond to Brown’s and Govier’s criticisms of the classical model, and to the “judgment model” they propose in its place. I argue that that model is unable both to distinguish between rational and irrational judgment and to avoid recourse to rules, and is therefore inadequate as an account of rationality, critical thinking, or argument appraisal. More positively, I argue that an adequate account of rationality must include a place for both rules and judgment.
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Bennardo, Giovanni. Cultural models in Tongan metacognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter is about a fundamental Tongan cognitive style or cultural model. What happens to an individual’s ego is not the focus of that individual’s attention. One focuses on an other-than-ego individual (or more than one individual, or a group) and the consequences of one’s behavior on that person. In other words, a point, i.e., a place, person, or event, is chosen in the field of ego—i.e., the spatial field, social field, or event field—and other points are put in relationship to the previously chosen one, either centripetally, i.e., toward it, or centrifugally, i.e., away from it. The chapter first illustrates the presence of such a Tongan mental construction in the domain of spatial relationships and then shows it repeated in other domains of knowledge, e.g., social relationships or social cognition. This finding led to the hypothesis of a fundamental role played by cultural models in metacognition.
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Murphet, Julian. The Negative Plate; or, Absalom, Absalom! and the camera’s voice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664244.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the structural tension between voice and image in Absalom, Absalom!, relating the novel’s formal resolutions to developments in photography, the printing press, and talking pictures. Considering the cognate set of mid-1930s relationships between word and image in the “photographic essay,” newspapers, and film, the chapter situates Faulkner’s artistic achievements in the context of larger cultural concerns about the storytelling capacity of visual images, the limits of textuality as an indexical medium, and the media’s commercial imperatives. The chapter directly relates these concerns to the tension in Faulkner’s aesthetic ideology between modernistic imperatives and antiquated romantic tendencies, since here the passage between text and image implies the “inheritance” and transmission of a romance gene from one media ecology to another by way of a hypnotizing tall tale. The chapter also looks closely at Pylon, examining a cultural mode of production and its relationship to capitalism more generally.
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Giersdorf, Jens. (In)Distinct Positions. Edited by Mark Franko. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314201.013.33.
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Investigating two mutually exclusive approaches to the theorization of dance, which are labeled for the purposes of illustration German philosophical conceptualization and US identity politics, this chapter examines the differences between these two theorizing models in terms of their politics. Caused by incompatible methodologies, international communication within the field of dance studies often takes place only at the level of information—excluding critical engagement with the opposing position. Such inability to critically engage reinforces local academic norms in national models of dance studies. Using the example of Trajel Harrell’s unique reenactment of historical choreographic material and the physicalization of dance theoretical positions in his choreography Antigone Sr./Twenty Looks or Paris Is Burning at The Judson Church (L), the author proposes a productive model of in-between-ness that not only engages with the opposed approaches to dance studies, but also provides a critical reenactment of them.
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Succi, Sauro. Lattice Boltzmann Models for Microflows. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Lattice Boltzmann method was originally devised as a computational alternative for the simulation of macroscopic flows, as described by the Navier–Stokes equations of continuum mechanics. In many respects, this still is the main place where it belongs today. Yet, in the past decade, LB has made proof of a largely unanticipated versatility across a broad spectrum of scales, from fully developed turbulence, to microfluidics, all the way down to nanoscale flows. Even though no systematic analogue of the Chapman–Enskog asymptotics is available in this beyond-hydro region (no guarantee), the fact remains that, with due extensions of the basic scheme, the LB has proven capable of providing several valuable insights into the physics of flows at micro- and nano-scales. This does not mean that LBE can solve the actual Boltzmann equation or replace Molecular Dynamics, but simply that it can provide useful insights into some flow problems which cannot be described within the realm of the Navier–Stokes equations of continuum mechanics. This Chapter provides a cursory view of this fast-growing front of modern LB research.
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Schmid, Hans-Jörg. The Dynamics of the Linguistic System. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814771.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book develops a model of language which can be characterized as functionalist, usage-based, dynamic, and complex-adaptive. Its core idea is that linguistic structure is not stable and uniform, but continually refreshed and in fact reconstituted by the feedback-loop interaction of three components: usage, i.e. the interpersonal and cognitive activities of speakers in concrete communication; conventionalization, i.e. the social processes taking place in speech communities; and entrenchment, i.e. the cognitive processes taking place in the minds of individual speakers. Extending the so-called Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model, the book shows that what we call the Linguistic System is created, sustained, and continually adapted by the ongoing interaction between usage, conventionalization, and entrenchment. The model contributes to closing the gap in usage-based models concerning how exactly usage is transformed into collective and individual grammar and how these two grammars in turn feed back into usage. The book exploits and extends insights from an exceptionally wide range of fields, including usage-based cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, interactional linguistics and pragmatics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and the sociology and philosophy of language, as well as quantitative corpus linguistics. It makes numerous original suggestions about, among other things, how cognitive processing and representation are related and about the manifold ways in which individuals and communities contribute to shaping language and bringing about language variation and change. It presents a coherent account of the role of forces that are known to affect language structure, variation, and change, e.g. economy, efficiency, extravagance, embodiment, identity, social order, prestige, mobility, multilingualism, and language contact.
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Barnhurst, Kevin G. News Traded Place for Digital Space. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040184.003.0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses how the cultural transformation that occurred by the early twenty-first century led to a new regime that tends to put less value on concrete place than on something more abstract, space. Several thinkers identified a change in spatial conceptions. The shifts parallel those a century earlier, and both periods of change linked to an emerging mode of production. The new regime contrasts with the old because place is a product of someone's firsthand experience, but space is the product of secondhand information. Walter Lippmann called space “a good clue” for detecting stereotypes, those oversimplified rubrics so handy for picturing inaccessible places. Space also makes less meaningful the place-based distinctions between authentic and inauthentic experience. Because the mind receives physical seeing and seeing pictures in much the same way, the armchair traveler will recognize the sights when arriving as a tourist or may choose not to travel at all. Recent changes in technology allow a “locational indifference” in the manufacture of things, so that economic activity can happen anywhere.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Graphs on structured spaces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter moves beyond viewing nodes as homogeneous dots set on a plane. To introduce more complicated underlying space, multiplex networks (which are defined with layers of interaction on the same underlying node set) and temporal (time-dependent) networks are discussed. It shown that despite the much more complicated underlying space, many of the techniques developed in earlier chapters can be applied. Heterogeneous nodes are introduced as an extension of the stochastic block model for community structure, then extended using methods developed in earlier chapters to more general (continuous) node attributes such as fitness. The chapter closes with a discussion of the intersections and similarities between the many alternative models for capturing topological features that have been presented in the book.