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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

CAMELON, KATHRYN M., KARIN HÅDELL, PÄIVI T. JÄMSÉN, KAISA J. KETONEN, HELI M. KOHTAMÄKI, SARI MÄKIMATILLA, MARJA-LEENA TÖRMÄLÄ, and RAISA H. VALVE. "The Plate Model." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 98, no. 10 (October 1998): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00267-3.

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2

Tharian, Manoj G., and Nandakumar C. Gopalakrishnan. "Orthotropic Plate Model of Hat Stiffened Plate." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 228, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090213486891.

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3

Danial, A. N., J. F. Doyle, and S. A. Rizzi. "Dynamic Analysis of Folded Plate Structures." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888339.

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Анотація:

A spectral element method for analyzing wave propagation in multiply connected plates oriented at arbitrary angles is presented. These plate elements may be joined to model structures with stiffeners, open or closed thin-walled tubes, corrugated plates, channels, and ducts. The element models exactly both in-plane and out-of-plane responses over large domains. Results for point impact of a plate with stringers and a thin-walled box beam show excellent agreement with finite element solutions.

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4

Thai, Huu-Tai, Thuc P. Vo, Trung-Kien Nguyen, and Jaehong Lee. "A nonlocal sinusoidal plate model for micro/nanoscale plates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 14 (February 7, 2014): 2652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214521391.

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A nonlocal sinusoidal plate model for micro/nanoscale plates is developed based on Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory and sinusoidal shear deformation plate theory. The small-scale effect is considered in the former theory while the transverse shear deformation effect is included in the latter theory. The proposed model accounts for sinusoidal variations of transverse shear strains through the thickness of the plate, and satisfies the stress-free boundary conditions on the plate surfaces, thus a shear correction factor is not required. Equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived from Hamilton’s principle. Analytical solutions for bending, buckling, and vibration of simply supported plates are presented, and the obtained results are compared with the existing solutions. The effects of small scale and shear deformation on the responses of the micro/nanoscale plates are investigated.

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5

Altamimi, Zuheir, Laurent Métivier, Paul Rebischung, Hélène Rouby, and Xavier Collilieux. "ITRF2014 plate motion model." Geophysical Journal International 209, no. 3 (March 30, 2017): 1906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx136.

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6

Altamimi, Z., L. Métivier, and X. Collilieux. "ITRF2008 plate motion model." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 117, B7 (July 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jb008930.

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7

Wang, Ming Lu. "A Mathematical Model of Functionally Graded Materials Thin Plates and Levy Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.574.

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The governing equation of elastic FGM thin plates was obtained by degenerating the governing equation of viscoelastic FGM thin plates. A Levy solution of a simply supported FGM rectangular plate was gotten. Based on the Levy solution, the influence of considering and ignoring mid-plane stain, due to the inhomogeneous property of the functionally graded materials, on the static responses of the functionally graded materials thin plate is investigated.

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8

Brank, Boštjan. "On boundary layer in the Mindlin plate model: Levy plates." Thin-Walled Structures 46, no. 5 (May 2008): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2007.11.003.

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9

Yin, Xuewen, Wenwei Wu, Kuikui Zhong, and Hui Li. "Dynamic stiffness formulation for the vibrations of stiffened plate structures with consideration of in-plane deformation." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 20 (October 19, 2017): 4825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317735969.

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A dynamic stiffness method is presented for the vibrations of plate structures that are reinforced by eccentric stiffeners. The model incorporates both out-of-plane and in-plane deformations of the plates and the stiffeners. Based on the relationship between the forces and displacements along the common edges of the plate or beam elements, the dynamic stiffness formulae for the plate and the beam elements are derived, respectively. The globally assembled dynamic stiffness matrix is then obtained using the finite element method so that the dynamics of built-up stiffened plates can be readily addressed by using the present method. Compared to the conventional finite element model, the dynamic stiffness model can provide very accurate solutions using only one element over each uniform plate and beam member, regardless of its geometry.

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10

Shiau, Le-Chung, and Yuan-Shih Chen. "Effects of In-plane Load on Flutter of Homogeneous Laminated Beam Plates with Delamination." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 123, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1315593.

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The effects of in-plane load on flutter characteristics of delaminated two-dimensional homogeneous beam plates at high supersonic Mach number are investigated theoretically. Linear plate theory and quasi-steady supersonic aerodynamic theory are employed. A simple beam-plate model is developed to predict the effects of in-plane load on flutter boundaries for the delaminated beam plates with simply supported ends. Results reveal that the presence of an in-plane compressive load degrades the stiffness and natural frequencies of the plate and thereby decreases the flutter boundary for the plate. However, for certain geometry, the flutter boundaries were raised due to flutter coalescence modes of the plate altered by the presence of the in-plane load on the plate.

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11

Cui, Huaifeng, Rufu Hu, and Nan Chen. "Modelling and analysis of acoustic field in a rectangular enclosure bounded by elastic plates under the excitation of different point force." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 36, no. 1 (March 2017): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263092317693488.

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The coupled acoustic field of fully elastic plate model is described by the modal analysis method. The acoustic potential energy resonance peaks of the fully elastic plate model are significantly more than that of the one elastic plate model due to the influence of the vibration of multi elastic plates. The acoustic field characteristics of the fully elastic plate model are analyzed when the primary excitation source is applied on the different elastic plates. The results show that the coupled acoustic field of the fully elastic plate model is dominated by the structural mode of the elastic plate with primary excitation, and the acoustic mode of the enclosure, and the structural-acoustic coupling between the plate and the enclosure; the structure modes of the other elastic plates have less effects on the acoustic field in the enclosure except the first ones of them.

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12

Kenedi, Paulo Pedro, and Lucas Lisboa Vignoli. "An osteosynthesis plate analytical model." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 39, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0598-3.

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13

Argus, Donald F., and Richard G. Gordon. "No-net-rotation model of current plate velocities incorporating plate motion model NUVEL-1." Geophysical Research Letters 18, no. 11 (November 1991): 2039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91gl01532.

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14

Usarov, M. K., G. T. Ayubov, and D. M. Usarov. "Continual model and dynamic calculation of buildings under seismic impacts." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032904011.

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Анотація:

Continuum plate model in the form of a cantilever anisotropic plate developed in the framework of the bimoment theory of plates describing seismic oscillations of buildings is proposed in this paper as a dynamic model of a building. Formulas for the reduced moduli of elasticity, shear and density of the plate model of a building are given. Longitudinal oscillations of a building are studied using the continuum plate and box-like models of the building with Finite Element Model. Numerical results are obtained in the form of graphs, followed by their analysis.

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15

Zihao, Yang, and Dan He. "A microstructure-dependent plate model for orthotropic functionally graded micro-plates." Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 26, no. 14 (February 20, 2018): 1218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2018.1432794.

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16

Teng, J. G., and J. Yao. "Plate end debonding in FRP-plated RC beams—II: Strength model." Engineering Structures 29, no. 10 (October 2007): 2472–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.11.023.

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17

Li, Jun, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, and Ferri M. H. Aliabadi. "A Boundary Element Model for Structural Health Monitoring Based on the S0 Lamb Wave Mode." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.625.

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The aim of this paper was to carry out numerical simulations of structural health monitoring applications for plate structures using the boundary element method (BEM). The fundamental symmetric Lamb mode (S0) is chosen for the SHM applications. The propagation, reflection and diffraction of the S0 mode Lamb wave are modelled using a boundary element formulation based on the plane stress theory. Piezoelectric (PZT) actuators are mounted on plate surfaces to excite the S0 mode wave. A semi-analytical method is adopted to couple the PZT actuators and the host plate. Numerical results show that BEM is a very efficient simulation method for the structural health monitoring of plates.

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18

Slim, Anja C., Jeremy Teichman, and L. Mahadevan. "Buckling of a thin-layer Couette flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 694 (March 10, 2012): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.437.

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AbstractWe analyse the buckling stability of a thin, viscous sheet when subject to simple shear, providing conditions for the onset of the dominant out-of-plane modes using two models: (i) an asymptotic theory for the dynamics of a viscous plate, and (ii) the full Stokes equations. In either case, the plate is stabilized by a combination of viscous resistance, surface tension and buoyancy relative to an underlying denser fluid. In the limit of vanishing thickness, plates buckle at a shear rate $\gamma / (\ensuremath{\mu} d)$ independent of buoyancy, where $2d$ is the plate thickness, $\gamma $ is the average surface tension between the upper and lower surfaces, and $\ensuremath{\mu} $ is the fluid viscosity. For thicker plates stabilized by an equal surface tension at the upper and lower surfaces, at and above onset, the most unstable mode has moderate wavelength, is stationary in the frame of the centreline, spans the width of the plate with crests and troughs aligned at approximately $4{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ to the walls, and closely resembles elastic shear modes. The thickest plates that can buckle have an aspect ratio (thickness/width) of approximately 0.6 and are stabilized only by internal viscous resistance. We show that the viscous plate model can only accurately describe the onset of buckling for vanishingly thin plates but provides an excellent description of the most unstable mode above onset. Finally, we show that, by modifying the plate model to incorporate advection and make the model material-frame-invariant, it is possible to extend its predictive power to describe relatively short, travelling waves.

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19

Karama, Moussa. "Orthotropic Model Plate under Shear-Bending." Advanced Materials Research 423 (December 2011): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.423.166.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of various shear deformation laminated plate theories previously proposed by Reissner [1] , Reddy [2] and Touratier [3]. The accuracy of those theories is compared on two problems laminates for which an analytical solution has been given by Timoshenko for isotropic and Lekhniski for anisotropic plate. Retaining the best model among those compared, interlaminar continuity conditions have been taken into account in this best response for laminates and show how important these interlaminar conditions are to improve accuracy by comparison with the finite element solution. Models which have been introduced are two-dimensional ones and imply the three standard generalized displacements associated with shear-bending. Studies limited to symmetric and orthotropic plates. Finally, an analysis of edge effects has been conducted for a circular symmetric orthotropic clamped plate. Edge effects have been observed with refined shear deformation theories but not with the first-order shear deformation theory due to Reissner.

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20

Cazzani, Antonio, Nicola Luigi Rizzi, Flavio Stochino, and Emilio Turco. "Modal analysis of laminates by a mixed assumed-strain finite element model." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516666405.

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Fibre-reinforced plates and shells are finding an increasing interest in engineering applications; in most cases dynamic phenomena need to be taken into account. Consequently, effective and robust computational tools are sought in order to provide reliable results for the analysis of such structural models. In this paper the mixed assumed-strain laminated plate element, previously used for static analyses, has been extended to the dynamic realm. This model is derived within the framework of the so-called First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT). What is peculiar in this assumed-strain finite element is that in-plane strain components are modeled directly; the corresponding stress components are deduced via constitutive law. By enforcing the equilibrium equations for each lamina, and taking continuity requirements into account, the out-of-plane shear stresses are computed and, finally, constitutive law provides the corresponding strains. The resulting global strain field depends only on a fixed number of parameters, regardless of the total number of layers. Since the proposed element is not locking-prone, even in the thin plate limit, and provides an accurate description of inter-laminar stresses, an extension to the dynamic range seems to be particularly attractive. The same kinematic assumptions will lead to the formulation of a consistent mass matrix. The element, developed in this way, has been extensively tested for several symmetric lamination sequences; comparison with available analytical solutions and with numerical results obtained by refined 3-D models are also presented.

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21

Zhang, Da Li, Jia Jun Ke, and Li Zhu Lu. "New Progress of Plate Model of Chromatogram: Five Distinct Plate Numbers." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1291.

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The five plate numbers were peak plate number (q’), slip-mechanism plate number (q), theoretical plate number (n0), real plate number (n) and plate-model plate number (q0). Slip mechanism was introduced into plate model and then a new equation of elution curve was deduced. The relational expression of five plate numbers was deduced through the new equation. Peak plate number and slip-mechanism plate number were new plate numbers derived from slip mechanism, and the physical pictures of them was discussed. Peak plate number would be regarded as an asymmetry index of peak, as column plate number is regarded as an efficiency index of column.

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22

Misztal-Faraj, Beata. "A simple model of plate-like crystallization with constant plate thickness." Journal of Materials Research 28, no. 9 (April 19, 2013): 1224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.74.

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23

Lu, Chungsying, Hungsung Huang, and Hsunling Bai. "A sectional model for predicting performance of a plate-plate ESP." Journal of Aerosol Science 27, no. 4 (June 1996): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(96)86919-9.

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24

Thinh, Tran Ich, and Tran Huu Quoc. "Analysis of stiffened laminated composite plates by finite element based on higher-order displacement theory." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 30, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/30/2/5623.

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In this paper, authors use a finite element model based on higher-order displacement plate theory for analysis of stiffened laminated composite plates. Transverse shear deformation is included in the formulation making the model applicable for both moderately thick and thin composite plates. The plate element used is a nine-noded isoparametric one with nine degrees of freedom at each node. The stiffness of stiffener is reflected at all nine nodes of plate element in which it is placed. Accordingly, the stiffeners can be positioned anywhere within the place element. Free vibration and deflection of stiffened laminated composite plates are carried out, and results are compared with existing analytical and other solutions.

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25

Helms, Jack E., Chihdar Yang, and Su-Seng Pang. "A Laminated Plate Model of an Adhesive-Bonded Taper-Taper Joint Under Tension." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812277.

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An analytical model of the strain and stress distributions in a taper-taper adhesive-bonded joint between two composite flat plates has been developed using first-order laminated plate theory. A correction for transverse shear deformation effects was included. The model was derived under the assumption of plane strain in the adherends and consists of eighteen first-order, linear, coupled ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients. The model was solved numerically using the Linear Shooting Method. Finite element models were also developed to verify the results of the analytical model using the COSMOS/M commercial software package.

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26

Yarashov, Javlon, Makhamatali Usarov, and Gayratjon Ayubov. "Study of longitudinal oscillations of a five-storey building on the basis of plate continuum model." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 04065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704065.

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Continuum plate model in the form of a cantilever anisotropic plate developed in the framework of the bimoment theory of plates describing seismic oscillations of buildings is proposed in this paper as a dynamic model of a building. Formulas for the reduced moduli of elasticity, shear and density of the plate model of a building are given. Longitudinal oscillations of a building are studied using the continuum plate and box-like models of the building with Finite Element Model. Numerical results are obtained in the form of graphs, followed by their analysis.

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27

Freund, Jouni Tapani. "Two-scale Reissner-Mindlin plate model." Rakenteiden Mekaniikka 50, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23998/rm.64920.

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A two-scale plate model, in which the displacement assumption consists of the Reissner-Mindlin and warping parts, is presented. To reduce the modelling error of the classical Reissner-Mindlin model, the warping part is chosen so that the overall displacement satisfies the full 3D elasticity equations as well as possible. Pressure loaded isotropic homogeneous plate is used as an application example.

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28

Karpeshina, Yu E. "A crack model in a plate." Journal of Soviet Mathematics 45, no. 3 (May 1989): 1218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01096154.

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29

Pchelnikov, Yuriy N., and Andrey A. Yelizarov. "TWT Model on a Metamagnetic Plate." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 64, no. 4 (April 2017): 1787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2017.2670361.

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30

Grishin, Ilya, Rashit Kayumov, Gennady Ivanov, and Olga Petropavlovckikh. "Computational Model of Rib-Reinforced Plate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 890 (August 13, 2020): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/890/1/012036.

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31

Kuzin, V. V. "Microstructural model of ceramic cutting plate." Russian Engineering Research 31, no. 5 (May 2011): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x11050121.

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32

Ljulj, Matko, and Josip Tambača. "3D structure–2D plate interaction model." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 10 (May 8, 2019): 3354–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519846202.

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Анотація:

In this paper, we derive models for the interaction of a linearized three-dimensional elastic structure with a thin elastic layer of possibly different material attached to it. Rigorous derivation is performed by considering a thin three-dimensional layer and the asymptotics of the solution of the full remaining three-dimensional problem when the thickness [Formula: see text] of the thin layer tends to zero. Furthermore, the attached thin material is assumed to have the elasticity coefficients which are of order [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text] with respect to the coefficients of the three-dimensional body. In the limit, five different models are obtained with respect to different choices of p, namely [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. Furthermore a three-dimensional–two-dimensional model is proposed that has the same asymptotics as the original three-dimensional problem. This is convenient for applications because one does not have to decide in advance which limit model to use.

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33

Foraboschi, Paolo. "Analytical model for laminated-glass plate." Composites Part B: Engineering 43, no. 5 (July 2012): 2094–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.03.010.

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34

Licht, Christian, and Thibaut Weller. "An asymptotic Reissner–Mindlin plate model." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 346, no. 6 (June 2018): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2018.04.014.

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35

Alizadeh, Marzieh, and A. M. Fattahi. "Non-classical plate model for FGMs." Engineering with Computers 35, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00366-018-0594-6.

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36

Kok, A. W. M., and J. Blaauwendraad. "Shape-orthotropic stressing–bending plate model." Engineering Structures 30, no. 10 (October 2008): 2884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.03.014.

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37

Freund, J. "Shear-corrected Reissner-Mindlin plate model." Composite Structures 211 (March 2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.12.029.

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38

Tambača, Josip, and Igor Velčić. "Evolution model of linear micropolar plate." ANNALI DELL'UNIVERSITA' DI FERRARA 53, no. 2 (October 3, 2007): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11565-007-0020-2.

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39

Pruchnicki, E. "Homogenization of a second order plate model." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 9 (July 21, 2017): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286517719939.

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Анотація:

This work is concerned with the asymptotic analysis of linearly elastic plates with periodically rapidly varying heterogeneities. For the sake of simplicity we assume that the structure of heterogeneity is homogeneous in the direction perpendicular to the mid-surface of the plate. We want to derive a homogenized two-dimensional model which is independent of the magnitude of the applied load. Consequently we have to proceed in the following manner. Firstly, we consider a two-dimensional model of the plate obtained by expanding the displacement field by Fourier-Series expansion in thickness direction of the plate with respect to a basis of scaled Legendre polynomials. We consider a second order approximation of the displacement field which gives a good compromise between the accuracy of the approximate solution and the complexity of the approximate problem. This approximation result from an approximation of the Fourier series expansion of the displacement field up to order h6 ( h denotes the thickness of the plate). By considering standard argument for this type of problem, we can rigorously formulate a two-dimensional homogenized boundary value problem for the plate.

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40

Alshabatat, Nabeel. "Design of Corrugated Plates for Optimal Fundamental Frequency." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2016 (July 18, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4290247.

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This paper investigates shifting the fundamental frequency of plate structures by corrugation. Creating corrugations significantly improves the flexural rigidities of plate and hence increases its natural frequencies. Two types of corrugations are investigated: sinusoidal and trapezoidal corrugations. The finite element method (FEM) is used to model the corrugated plates and extract the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The effects of corrugation geometrical parameters on simply supported plate fundamental frequency are studied. To reduce the computation time, the corrugated plates are modeled as orthotropic flat plates with equivalent rigidities. To demonstrate the validity of modeling the corrugated plates as orthotropic flat plates in studying the free vibration characteristics, a comparison between the results of finite element model and equivalent orthotropic models is made. A correspondence between the results of orthotropic models and the FE models is observed. The optimal designs of sinusoidal and trapezoidal corrugated plates are obtained based on a genetic algorithm. The optimization results show that plate corrugations can efficiently maximize plate fundamental frequency. It is found that the trapezoidal corrugation can more efficiently enhance the fundamental frequency of simply supported plate than the sinusoidal corrugation.

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41

Pinto, Leonardo Augustus Peral Ferreira, Viviane Ferreira Ramos, and Roberta Tarkany Basting. "Stress Generated in Customized Versus Non-Customized Rigid Fixation Plates in a Simulation of Mandibular Advancement." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open 5 (January 1, 2020): 247275122097525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472751220975255.

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Study design: A finite element method used to virtually analyze the distribution of stresses in human mandible. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of stresses in 1 customized and 2 non-customized plates used in simulated procedures of mandibular advancement and rigid fixation after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. Methods: The model used was obtained from a tomograph of an 18-year-old patient, and the simulation involved advancing the mandibular body by 4.75 mm. The plates used were Osteomed, double-row medium; Stryker, standard straight; and Traumec, custom-machined double straight. Virtual models of the mandible and the installed plates were generated and submitted to finite element analysis. Two 100-N loads, 1 anterior and 1 posterior, were applied perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Results: In the Osteomed and Traumec plate models, the stress peaks occurred near the separation zone of the mandible, adjacent to the connections. In the Stryker plate model, the stress peak occurred in the region between the screws. Conclusions: The Stryker plate was associated with the lowest risk of compromising bone repair, followed by the Traumec and Osteomed plates. Stress concentration was related to plate length and to the existence of a connection between the upper and lower portions of the fixation used.

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42

Hartono, Edi. "Analisis Lendutan Model Pelat Fleksibel dengan Tiang Perbesaran Ujung dan Pelat Tidak Rapat Tanah Pada Tanah Pasir." Semesta Teknika 17, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v17i1.410.

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Problems in sandy soil may occur when sand has low density, uniform gradation and thick deposit. Flexible plate foundation may used in this condition but plate deflection still high. To reduce deflection and to improve soil density, piles were used to support the plate. Installing piles made foundation system stiffer. The objectives of this study are to studies about behavior of plates and plate with pile on sandy soil. Plate deflection was observed with variation of plate thickness, bottom pile enlargement, and soil-plate-pile interaction (free standing pile and piled foundation). 1,2 x 1,2 x 1,2 m box container filled with sandy soil was used as soil media. Square and rectangular plexiglass plate were used to modelled plate. Steel pipe with 2,5 cm in diameter were used as pile model. The behavior of the plates were observed under loading (point load). The results shows that plate deflections were affected on plate thickness, bottom pile enlargement and soil-plate-pile interaction. For a ticker plate, contact surface between plate and soil was wider. For the 40 cm x 10 cm plates with base pile enlargement, deflections were found to reduced up to 21,26%. The ‘piled foundation’ on 40 cm x 10 cm plates, (installing with 20 cm pile length, and 10 cm spacing between pile), deflections were reduced 83,63% compared with free standing foundation.

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43

Ilyas, Asif M., Gerald M. Hayward, Jonathan A. Harris, Wenhai Wang, and Brandon S. Bucklen. "Bridge Plate Design Effects on Yield and Fatigue in Distal Radius Fracture Model." Journal of Wrist Surgery 9, no. 06 (July 6, 2020): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713419.

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Abstract Background Bridge plating for distal radius fractures is indicated for complex fractures with comminution, extensive articular involvement, and/or cases requiring immediate weight bearing. Bridge plate fixation of distal radius fractures is a well-documented treatment method; however, failures have been reported with repetitive loading through the bridged distal radius fracture. Plate design is implicated as a cause of plate fracture in select clinical studies but few mechanical tests comparing bridge plate designs have been reported. This study sought to determine the impact of plate design on bridge plates intended to allow for immediate weight-bearing. Methods Axial static (n = 3) and dynamic testing (n = 3) was performed on three distraction plates designs: bridge plate 1 (BP1) with central holes, bridge plate 2 (BP2) without central holes, and locking compression plate (BP3). Plates were loaded in axial compression with a simulated 10-mm fracture gap. Results Significant static load differences were noted between all groups. Static load to failure for BP1, BP3, and BP2 were 240 ± 5 N, 398 ± 9 N, and 420 ± 3 N, respectively (p < 0.05). BP1 was the only plate series that failed during dynamic testing; all other plates achieved 100,000 cycles. Failure mode was a fracture occurring through the central screw hole of BP1. Finite element analysis demonstrated the effects of central screw holes on stress, strain, and plastic deformation under loading. Conclusion Unused screw holes are the mechanical weak points; plates designed without these central screw holes are expected to survive greater load values. The threshold for clinical importance will need to be determined by future studies.

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44

N. Jihad, Mohammed, Nabil J. Yasin, and Kadhum A. Jehhef. "The effect of using ribbed absorber plates on enhancing the heat transfer of solar chimneys." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (August 1, 2021): 1431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07316.

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Under different geometrical features and in Iraqi environmental circumstances, a numerical and experimental investigation of a solar chimney was carried out the study that dealt with an important aspect, which is to increase the surface area of the absorbent plate while maintaining the outer dimensions and limits by using three model of absorber surface (flat plate, Triangular Vgrooved corrugated plate and trapezoidal corrugated absorber plate). the work was carried out using a single vertical solar chimney of a single room has a volume 27m3 modeling 1m3 placed on the southern wall of wooden chamber having a size of (1 × 1 ×1) m and absorber plate (0.9×0.99) m. In addition to studying the effect of the air gap width (0.1, 0.2) m on the test model with all absorber plate are used at different inclination angles inward (0°,5°,10° and 15°) the test model. All variable was taken with varying solar radiation intensity (150,250,350,450,550 and 700) W/m2 along the day time. Numerical simulation of the test models using the Ansys Fluent program V18.1 to solve the governing continuity, momentum and energy equations with a standard (k-ε)standard turbulence model associated with laws of the wall along solid boundaries were solved numerically, Experimental and Theoretical results of the present study show that the optimum model of the test absorber plates with air gap width and inclination angle according to Air change per hour (ACH) calculation is Triangular V-grooved absorber plate with air gap width 0.2m and inclination angle 10°. For this inclination angle and air gap width at I700 W/m2 the ACH is about 10 % higher than model1 (flat absorber plate) and more than model3(trapezoidal plate) by 17%.

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45

Vigh, László Gergely, and Dib Abdelkarim. "Plate Stability Verifications of Aluminium Plate Girders." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.363.

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The paper focuses on overall and local web plate buckling of longitudinally multi-stiffened aluminium plate girders subjected to compression, bending, shear and transverse loading. The authors completed wide-range bifurcation stability analysis by energy method. Based on the results of the completed parametric study, buckling coefficients are formulated, taking also into account the possible interaction of local and overall buckling. Modifications are proposed for the standard Eurocode calculations of critical loads. Modification in resistance calculation for web crippling is also proposed to take the beneficial effect of curved flange-to-web connection into account. Numerical model is developed for nonlinear static analysis. Virtual experimenting – considering actual material behaviour and imperfections – is invoked for the calibration of the model.

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46

Samuels, A. L., T. H. Giddings, and L. A. Staehelin. "Cytokinesis in tobacco BY-2 and root tip cells: a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants." Journal of Cell Biology 130, no. 6 (September 15, 1995): 1345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.130.6.1345.

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Cell plate formation in tobacco root tips and synchronized dividing suspension cultured tobacco BY-2 cells was examined using cryofixation and immunocytochemical methods. Due to the much improved preservation of the cells, many new structural intermediates have been resolved, which has led to a new model of cell plate formation in higher plants. Our electron micrographs demonstrate that cell plate formation consists of the following stages: (1) the arrival of Golgi-derived vesicles in the equatorial plane, (2) the formation of thin (20 +/- 6 nm) tubes that grow out of individual vesicles and fuse with others giving rise to a continuous, interwoven, tubulo-vesicular network, (3) the consolidation of the tubulo-vesicular network into an interwoven smooth tubular network rich in callose and then into a fenestrated plate-like structure, (4) the formation of hundreds of finger-like projections at the margins of the cell plate that fuse with the parent cell membrane, and (5) cell plate maturation that includes closing of the plate fenestrae and cellulose synthesis. Although this is a temporal chain of events, a developing cell plate may be simultaneously involved in all of these stages because cell plate formation starts in the cell center and then progresses centrifugally towards the cell periphery. The "leading edge" of the expanding cell plate is associated with the phragmoplast microtubule domain that becomes concentrically displaced during this process. Thus, cell plate formation can be summarized into two phases: first the formation of a membrane network in association with the phragmoplast microtubule domain; second, cell wall assembly within this network after displacement of the microtubules. The phragmoplast microtubules end in a filamentous matrix that encompasses the delicate tubulo-vesicular networks but not the tubular networks and fenestrated plates. Clathrin-coated buds/vesicles and multivesicular bodies are also typical features of the network stages of cell plate formation, suggesting that excess membrane material may be recycled in a selective manner. Immunolabeling data indicate that callose is the predominant lumenal component of forming cell plates and that it forms a coat-like structure on the membrane surface. We postulate that callose both helps to mechanically stabilize the early delicate membrane networks of forming cell plates, and to create a spreading force that widens the tubules and converts them into plate-like structures. Cellulose is first detected in the late smooth tubular network stage and its appearance seems to coincide with the flattening and stiffening of the cell plate.

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47

Pandit, M. K., B. N. Singh, and A. H. Sheikh. "Buckling of Sandwich Plates with Random Material Properties Using Improved Plate Model." AIAA Journal 47, no. 2 (February 2009): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.39180.

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48

Raghuprasad, B. K., G. S. Bhattacharya, and H. Mihashi. "Size effect in notched concrete plate under plane stress?A lattice model." International Journal of Fracture 67, no. 1 (May 1994): R3—R8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00032368.

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49

Zhifeng Zhang, Haoran Chen, and Lin Ye. "A Stiffened Plate Element Model for Advanced Grid Stiffened Composite Plates/Shells." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 2 (May 19, 2010): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998310371877.

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50

Ozcelik, Yigit, and Patricia M. Clayton. "Strip model for steel plate shear walls with beam-connected web plates." Engineering Structures 136 (April 2017): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.051.

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