Книги з теми "Model mimicry"
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1
Fleming, Marnie Lynn. Jeannie Thib: Model/mimic. Oakville, Ont: Oakville Galleries, 1997.
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2
Rioux, Robert M. Model systems in catalysis: Single crystals to supported enzyme mimics. New York: Springer, 2010.
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Rioux, Robert M. Model systems in catalysis: Single crystals to supported enzyme mimics. New York: Springer, 2010.
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4
Bellers, Jürgen. Krimis, Kriminalität und politische Mimikri: Ein anthropologisches Modell von Medien und Politik. Siegen: Verlag Scyldamente, 2001.
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5
Ein MIMIC-Modell der subjektiven Rehabilitationsbedürftigkeit: Untersuchung zum Inanspruchnahmeverhalten hinsichtlich medizinischer Massnahmen zur Rehabilitation der Rentenversicherungsträger. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1993.
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6
Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Batesian mimicry and masquerade. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter concerns Batesian mimicry, which is the resemblance of a palatable species to an unpalatable or otherwise unprofitable species. Often these unprofitable models have warning signals, which the mimic has evolved to copy. The chapter also considers another well-known form of deception, namely masquerade, which is the resemblance of a palatable species to the cues of an object of no inherent interest to a potential predator such as leaves, thorns, sticks, stones, or bird droppings. Batesian mimicry and masquerade share many properties, and both can be considered examples of ‘protective deceptive mimicry’. We begin by briefly reviewing some well-known examples of protective deceptive mimicry. We then compare and contrast the various theories that have been proposed to understand them. Next, we examine the evidence for the phenomenon and its predicted properties, and finally we address several important questions and controversies, many of which remain only partly resolved.
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Ferrari, G. R. F. Storytelling as Intimation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798422.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter argues against a ‘conversational’ model of the relation between storyteller and audience, on the grounds that it puts the storyteller at too little distance from the audience. Although more overt than intimation at the half-on position (since the transmission is required to come across by recognition of the intention of the transmitting party), the storyteller’s intimation still lacks the complete overtness of full-on communication (since that recognition is only partial); hence its ‘three-quarters-on’ position. Contrast the full covertness of the quarter-on position, whose underlying form is: I want you to know (something), but I also want you not to know that I want you to know (that thing). Lyric poetry, which comes alive for us by masking its own artificiality, belongs here. A derivation is then proposed that makes mimicry fundamental to storytelling’s manner of intimation, rendering theoretical appeal to make-believe, imagination, or the authorial ‘persona’ unnecessary.
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Rioux, Robert. Model Systems in Catalysis: Single Crystals to Supported Enzyme Mimics. Springer, 2010.
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Rioux, Robert. Model Systems in Catalysis: Single Crystals to Supported Enzyme Mimics. Springer, 2014.
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10
Algom, Daniel, Ami Eidels, Robert X. D. Hawkins, Brett Jefferson, and James T. Townsend. Features of Response Times. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Psychology is one of the most recent sciences to issue from the mother-tree of philosophy. One of the greatest challenges is that of formulating theories and methodologies that move the field toward theoretical structures that are not only sufficient to explain and predict phenomena but, in some vital sense, necessary for those purposes. Mathematical modeling is perhaps the most promising general strategy, but even under that aegis, the physical sciences have labored toward that end. The present chapter begins by outlining the roots of our approach in 19th century physics, physiology, and psychology. Then, we witness the renaissance of goals in the 1960s, which were envisioned but not usually realizable in 19th century science and methodology. It could be contended that it is impossible to know the full story of what can be learned through scientific method in the absence of what cannot be known. This precept brings us into the slough of model mimicry, wherein even diametrically opposed physical or psychological concepts can be mathematically equivalent within specified observational theatres! Discussion of examples from close to half a century of research illustrate what we conceive of as unfortunate missteps from the psychological literature as well as what has been learned through careful application of the attendant principles. We conclude with a statement concerning ongoing expansion of our body of approaches and what we might expect in the future.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Network growth algorithms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growth processes are a fundamentally different approach compared to probability-driven exponential models covered in earlier chapters. This chapter studies how growth rules can be designed to mimic processes observed in the real world, and how the process can be mathematically analyzed in order to obtain information about the likely topological properties of the resulting networks. The configuration (stub joining) model is described, including a careful discussion of how bias can be introduced if backtracking is used instead of restarting if stubs join to form a self or double link. The second class of models looked at is preferential attachment. The simplest variants of this are analyzed with a master equation approach, in order to introduce this technique as a way of obtaining analytical information about the expected properties of the generated graphs. Extensive references are provided to the numerous variants and extensions of both of these models.
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Mas, André, and Besnik Pumo. Linear Processes for Functional Data. Edited by Frédéric Ferraty and Yves Romain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199568444.013.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article provides an overview of the basic theory and applications of linear processes for functional data, with particular emphasis on results published from 2000 to 2008. It first considers centered processes with values in a Hilbert space of functions before proposing some statistical models that mimic or adapt the scalar or finite-dimensional approaches for time series. It then discusses general linear processes, focusing on the invertibility and convergence of the estimated moments and a general method for proving asymptotic results for linear processes. It also describes autoregressive processes as well as two issues related to the general estimation problem, namely: identifiability and the inverse problem. Finally, it examines convergence results for the autocorrelation operator and the predictor, extensions for the autoregressive Hilbertian (ARH) model, and some numerical aspects of prediction when the data are curves observed at discrete points.
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Gotman, Kélina. ‘The Gift of Seeing Resemblances’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840419.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this penultimate chapter, the ‘choreomania’ diagnosis all but dissolves. Visiting British and other colonial government anthropologists, moving around the colonial world from Jamaica and Papua New Guinea to New Zealand, read islanders performing ecstatic preparations for the ‘Great Awakening’ or the return of ancestors in rafts as participating in yet another iteration of a primitive type of dancing disease. Yet, as this chapter also shows, the ‘cargo cults’, just like the Hauhau movement, conjugated a complex play of counter-mimicry which reappropriated colonial props, language, and gesture in a theatre of messianic anticipation. In turn reappropriated by later twentieth-century anthropologists into a romantic narrative about native freedom and liberation from oppression, ‘choreomania’ turns on its head. No longer deemed merely ‘premodern’, dancing and shaking ecstatics and other millennialist prophets and their followers serve as fantastical models for a ‘Western’ world seeking to cultivate indigenous alterities of its own.
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Morinobu, Shigeru, Shigeto Yamamoto, and Manabu Fuchikami. Translational Research from Animals to Humans. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To elucidate the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the establishment of an appropriate animal model is necessary. In a series of studies, the authors validated single prolonged stress (SPS) as a model for PTSD. SPS-treated rats mimic the pathophysiological abnormalities and behavioral characteristics of PTSD, such as enhanced anxiety-like behavior, glucocorticoid negative feedback, and analgesia. In addition, the authors demonstrated enhanced freezing in response to contextual fear conditioning, and impaired extinction of fear memory, which was alleviated by D-cycloserine (DCS). In parallel, there was a decrease in extracellular glycine mediated by an increase in glycine transporter 1 in the hippocampus of SPS-treated rats after fear conditioning, which suggested that activation of N-methyl-D-asparate receptor by DCS during fear extinction training might alleviate the impaired fear extinction. This chapter summarizes PTSD-like symptoms in SPS and evaluates the validity of SPS as an animal model of PTSD.
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Hornby, Louise. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661229.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conclusion to the book underscores its central preoccupation with stillness’s impossibility, or difficulty. This impossibility or inhuman (objective) aspect of photography has frequently been used as a means to dismiss the medium in favor of representational strategies that more closely mimic human vision. However, the ability to step out of time and out of selfhood is a critical model for the authors, photographers, and filmmakers discussed in the book, and suggests a means to a new understanding of empathy.
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Perillo, J. Lorenzo. Choreographing in Color. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190054274.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Choreographing in Color, J. Lorenzo Perillo investigates the development of Filipino popular dance and performance since the late 20th century. Drawing from nearly two decades of ethnography, choreographic analysis, and community engagement with artists, choreographers, and organizers, Perillo asserts the importance in shifting attention away from the predominant Philippine neoliberal and US imperialist emphasis on Filipinos as superb mimics, heroic migrants, model minorities, and natural dancers, and instead asks: what does it mean for Filipinos to navigate the violent forces of empire and neoliberalism with street dance and hip-hop? Employing critical race, feminist, and performance studies, Perillo analyzes the conditions of possibility that gave rise to Filipino dance phenomena across viral, migrant, theatrical, competitive, and diplomatic performance in the Philippines and diaspora. Advocating for serious engagements with the dancing body, Perillo rethinks a staple of hip-hop’s regulation, the “euphemism,” as a mode of social critique for understanding how folks have engaged with both racial histories of colonialism and gendered labor migration. Figures of euphemism—the zombie, hero, robot, and judge—constitute a way of seeing Filipino hip-hop as contiguous with a multi-racial repertoire of imperial crossing, thus uncovering the ways Black dance intersects Filipino racialization and reframing the ongoing, contested underdog relationship between Filipinos and US global power.
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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Avoiding Attack. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It considers how potential prey avoid detection, how they make themselves unprofitable to attack, how they communicate this status, and how other species have exploited these signals. Using carefully selected examples of camouflage, mimicry, and warning signals drawn from a wide range of species and ecosystems, the authors summarize the latest research into these fascinating adaptations, developing mathematical models where appropriate and making recommendations for future study.This second edition has been extensively rewritten, particularly in the application of modern genetic research techniques which have transformed our recent understanding of adaptations in evolutionary genomics and phylogenetics. The book also employs a more integrated and systematic approach, ensuring that each chapter has a broader focus on the evolutionary and ecological consequences of anti-predator adaptation. The field has grown and developed considerably over the last decade with an explosion of new research literature, making this new edition timely.
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McKitrick, Jennifer. The Failure of Conceptual Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717805.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dispositions are often regarded with suspicion. Consequently, some philosophers try to semantically reduce disposition ascriptions to sentences containing only non-dispositional vocabulary. Typically, reductionists attempt to analyze disposition ascriptions in terms of conditional statements. These conditional statements, like other modal claims, are often interpreted in terms of possible worlds semantics. However, conditional analyses are subject to a number of problems and counterexamples, including random coincidences, void satisfaction, masks, antidotes, mimics, altering, and finks. Some analyses fail to reduce disposition ascriptions to non-modal vocabulary. If reductive analysis of disposition ascriptions fails, then perhaps there can be metaphysical reduction of dispositions without semantic reduction. However, the reductionist still owes us an account of what makes disposition ascriptions true. But to posit a causal power for every unreduced dispositional predicate is an overreaction to the failure of conceptual analysis.
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Horneff, Vanya, Raimond Maurer, and Olivia S. Mitchell. How Persistent Low Expected Returns Alter Optimal Life Cycle Saving, Investment, and Retirement Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827443.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explores how an environment of persistent low returns influences saving, investing, and retirement behaviors, compared to what in the past had been conceived of as ‘normal’ financial conditions. Using a calibrated life cycle dynamic model with realistic tax, minimum distribution, and social security benefit rules, we can mimic the large peak at the earliest claiming age at 62 that is seen in the data. Also in line with the evidence, our baseline results show a smaller second peak at the (system-defined) Full Retirement Age of 66. In the context of a zero-return environment, we show that workers will optimally devote more of their savings to non-retirement accounts and less to 401(k) accounts, since the relative appeal of investing in taxable versus tax-qualified retirement accounts is lower in a low return setting. Finally, we show that people claim social security benefits later in a low interest rate environment.
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Hall, Maurice. Negotiating Jamaican Masculinities. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036514.003.0002.
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This chapter presents an analysis of Jamaican masculinity. It begins by asserting that both gender and culture are largely intersecting discourses, and that the only way to make sense of Jamaican masculinity is to view it through the intersections of colonialism, race, and class. It locates U.S. male “leadership” models of masculinity within colonialist ideals that assume a universalized, idealized subject. It investigates sites of resistance among two iconic Jamaican figures: the late reggae artist Bob Marley and the late, former Jamaican prime minister, Michael Manley. Using these examples, it weaves together a deeply textured account of Jamaican life, and charts the construction of masculinity among three groups: the Rastas, rude boys, and mimics. It examines differential male and female socialization patterns and argues that among the rude boys, masculinity is constructed through the use and control of public space. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the scholarly debate about the implications of the masculinities in present-day Jamaica.
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Agathocleous, Tanya. Disaffected. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753879.001.0001.
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This book examines the effects of antisedition law on the overlapping public spheres of India and Britain under empire. After 1857, the British government began censoring the press in India, culminating in 1870 with the passage of Section 124a, a law that used the term “disaffection” to target the emotional tenor of writing deemed threatening to imperial rule. As a result, the book shows, Indian journalists adopted modes of writing that appeared to mimic properly British styles of prose even as they wrote against empire. The book argues that Section 124a, which is still used to quell political dissent in present-day India, both irrevocably shaped conversations and critiques in the colonial public sphere and continues to influence anticolonialism and postcolonial relationships between the state and the public. The book draws out the coercive and emotional subtexts of law, literature, and cultural relationships, demonstrating how the criminalization of political alienation and dissent has shaped literary form and the political imagination.
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Shields, James Mark. Against Harmony. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664008.001.0001.
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Against Harmony traces the history of progressive and radical experiments in Japanese Buddhist thought and practice from the mid-Meiji period through the early Shōwa period (1885–1935), when historical events coalesced to eliminate all such experiments. It is a work of both intellectual history and of critical, comparative thought. Perhaps the two best representations of progressive Buddhism during this period were the New Buddhist Fellowship (1899–1915) and the Youth League for Revitalizing Buddhism (1931–1936). Both were nonsectarian, lay movements comprising young men with education in classical Buddhist texts as well as Western literature, philosophy, and religion. Their work effectively collapses commonly held distinctions between religion, philosophy, ethics, politics, and economics. Unlike many others of their day, these “New Buddhists” did not regard the novel forces of modernization as problematic and disruptive, but rather, as an opportunity to explore and expand the possibilities of the dharma. Moreover, these and similar Buddhist and Buddhist-inspired movements experimented with novel, alternative forms of modernity, rooted in variations on what might be called “dharmic materialism.” In short, they did not simply inherit or mimic the dominant Western model(s). For this reason, their work remains of relevance in the early twenty-first century.
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Nissenson, Allen R., John Moran, and Robert Provenzano. Overview of dialysis patient management and future directions. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0267_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nearly 2 million patients worldwide have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and require dialysis or kidney transplantation. The advent of clinical dialysis in the 1950s has had a huge impact on the way ESRD and acute kidney injury are managed, but several decades later, the morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD remain unacceptably high and patients often have a poor quality of life. Many believe that we have focused attention on a few key treatment-related outcomes, and have done well with these (i.e. anaemia, adequacy of dialysis, metabolic bone disease), but achieving great results in only these domains has clearly not been sufficient to drive improvements in survival or patient-reported outcomes. Recent experience with integrated care management, focusing on comorbidity management, offers promise. In addition, a number of investigators have been challenging the current thrice-weekly, diffusion-based treatment paradigm and have been developing approaches to emulate the function of natural kidneys. Thus an ideal care delivery model would focus on the holistic needs of the patient with kidney disease, while the ideal form of renal replacement therapy would mimic native kidneys, operating continuously, removing solutes with a molecular-weight spectrum similar to that of native kidneys, removing water and solutes on the basis of individual patient needs, and would be biocompatible, wearable, and ideally implantable. It would also be low cost, reliable, and safe. A few years ago, these technical requirements would have seemed impossible to achieve, but with advances in the sciences of nanotechnology and microfluidics, renal replacement of the future may come closer to this ideal.
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Weersing, V. Robin, Araceli Gonzalez, and Michelle Rozenman. Brief Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Youth. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197541470.001.0001.
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Taken together, anxiety and depression are the most common mental health problems across the lifespan, with most adults dating the onset of their struggles to childhood and adolescence. The Brief Behavioral Therapy (BBT) program for youth is a transdiagnostic intervention for anxiety and depression designed to efficiently treat the cluster of internalizing symptoms most commonly seen in childhood and adolescence: feeling stressed, sad, bad, nervous, worried, moody, irritable, or scared. BBT works by targeting core processes implicated in both anxiety and depression. In BBT, youth learn to reduce their avoidance of situations that produce negative feelings and increase their approach toward and engagement with sources of reward and meaning. Of note, the BBT model eliminates cognitive restructuring, a central ingredient in cognitive-behavioral therapies for depression and anxiety. BBT is intended to be briefer and less complex to learn and to teach as compared to alternate transdiagnostic and disorder-specific interventions for pediatric anxiety and depression. This volume is the Therapist Guide, designed to be used in combination with the BBT Workbook for youth and families. Each session in this guide builds on skills taught in the previous session, and each session has matching material in the Workbook. The Therapist Guide also includes supplemental material for working with less common clinical situations and therapist reflection exercises designed to mimic the supervision style of research studies using BBT. Overall, the BBT program has been found to significantly reduce symptoms and improve functioning in daily life for youths with anxiety and depression.