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1
Kergosien, Nina, Ludovic Gavérina, Guillemette Ribay, Florence Saffar, Pierre Beauchêne, Olivier Mesnil, and Olivier Bareille. "Lead Zirconate Titanate Transducers Embedded in Composite Laminates: The Influence of the Integration Method on Ultrasound Transduction." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 3057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083057.
Анотація:
In the context of an embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) system, two methods of transducer integration into the core of a laminate carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) are tested: cut-out and between two plies. This study focuses on the effect of integration methods on Lamb wave generation. For this purpose, plates with an embedded lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer are cured in an autoclave. The embedded PZT insulation, integrity, and ability to generate Lamb waves are checked with electromechanical impedance, X-rays, and laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) measurements. Lamb wave dispersion curves are computed by LDV using two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (Bi-FFT) to study the quasi-antisymmetric mode (qA0) excitability in generation with the embedded PZT in the frequency range of 30 to 200 kHz. The embedded PZT is able to generate Lamb waves, which validate the integration procedure. The first minimum frequency of the embedded PZT shifts to lower frequencies and its amplitude is reduced compared to a surface-mounted PZT.
2
Sebayang, Ika Sari Damayanthi, and Syaefudin Wibowo. "Pemodelan Curah Hujan-Limpasan Pada Sub DAS Cikapundung Hulu." FORUM MEKANIKA 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/forummekanika.v9i1.952.
Анотація:
The Cikapundung River is one of the rivers that divides the city of Bandung and is often used as the main drainage center of the city, the flow of sewage or waste, tourism objects, and raw water sources. This causes the importance of observing reliable discharge values flowing on the Cikapundung River. In this study the authors analyzed the availability of minimum river discharge in Cikapundung Hulu Sub Das using the FJ Mock method. This study uses rainfall data and climatology data. The rainfall data used are rainfall data from Dago Pakar station and Meteo Lembang station, with a span of 10 years while the climatological data used is data from the Bandung Geophysical Station with a span of 10 years. Mainstay discharge calculated using the F.J Mock Method, where in the F.J Mock calculation there are a number of parameters assumed. This modeling test process is by calibrating the parameters assumed by Trial and Error. The average discharge magnitude for Q50, Q80, Q90, and Q95 in calculating the mock model in the period 2008 to 2014 resulted in a value of 3.87 m³ / sec; 2.98 m³ / sec; 2.46 m³ / sec; and 2.21 m³ /sec. While the discharge values of Q50, Q80, Q90, and Q95 in the observation debit produce successive values of 3.85 m³ / sec; 2.45 m³ / sec; 2.05 m³ / sec; and 1.91 m³ / sec. Even with the increase in the calculation period, reliable debit values have a tendency to rise.
3
Fachrunnisa and Manyuk Fauzi*. "Perbandingan Debit Andalan Hasil Tank Model terhadap Debit Pengamatan Sungai Tapung Kiri Stasiun Tandun." JURNAL TEKNIK 13, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/teknik.v13i2.3600.
Анотація:
Ketelitian suatu model hujan-aliran sangat dibutuhkan guna implementasi keluaran model dalam analisis-analisis hidrologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap rasio atau perbandingan hasil model tangki (tank model) terhadap data debit hasil pengamatan. Penelitian dilakukan di sungai Tapung Kiri dengan stasiun pencatatan Tandun. Luas daerah aliran sungai Tapung Kiri dengan titk kontrol (outlet) stasiun Tandun adalah 197,5 km2. Konsep model tangki yang digunakan adalah 4 buah tangki yang disusun secara seri. Hasil perbandingan didasarkan pada nilai root mean square error (RMSE), dimana diperoleh nilai RMSE kondisi musim basah (Q20%) = 6,70; kondisi normal (Q50%) = 4,49 dan musim kering (Q80%) = 5,27. Data debit pengamatan sungai Tapung Kiri rata-rata memiliki nilai tempat satuan, sementara itu nilai RMSE juga memiliki nilai tempat satuan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model tangki yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki kinerja baik.
4
Fachrunnisa and Manyuk Fauzi*. "Perbandingan Debit Andalan Hasil Tank Model terhadap Debit Pengamatan Sungai Tapung Kiri Stasiun Tandun." JURNAL TEKNIK 13, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/teknik.v13i2.3476.
Анотація:
Ketelitian suatu model hujan-aliran sangat dibutuhkan guna implementasi keluaran model dalam analisis-analisis hidrologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap rasio atau perbandingan hasil model tangki (tank model) terhadap data debit hasil pengamatan. Penelitian dilakukan di sungai Tapung Kiri dengan stasiun pencatatan Tandun. Luas daerah aliran sungai Tapung Kiri dengan titk kontrol (outlet) stasiun Tandun adalah 197,5 km2. Konsep model tangki yang digunakan adalah 4 buah tangki yang disusun secara seri. Hasil perbandingan didasarkan pada nilai root mean square error (RMSE), dimana diperoleh nilai RMSE kondisi musim basah (Q20%) = 6,70; kondisi normal (Q50%) = 4,49 dan musim kering (Q80%) = 5,27. Data debit pengamatan sungai Tapung Kiri rata-rata memiliki nilai tempat satuan, sementara itu nilai RMSE juga memiliki nilai tempat satuan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model tangki yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki kinerja baik.
5
Putri, Putu Indah Dianti, I. Gusti Ngurah Putu Dharmayasa, and Irma Suryanti. "DEBIT ANDALAN MODEL NRECA PADA DAS AYUNG MENDUKUNG PENGELOLAAN SEDIMENTASI DI MUARA SUNGAI." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 27, no. 2 (November 6, 2023): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jits.2023.v27.i02.p01.
Анотація:
Muara sungai Ayung kerap mengalami sedimentasi yang menyebabkan terjadinya banjir pada daerah hulu. Pemahaman yang baik tentang debit andalan sangat penting dalam pengelolaan sedimentasi di muara sungai, karena dapat membantu mengatur aliran air sungai yang optimal, mengdidentifikasi debit air pada musim hujan dan kemarau, mencegah erosi dan sedimentasi berlebihan, serta mempertahankan keberlanjutan ekosistem di muara sungai. Metode NRECA adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memperkirakan debit andalan dari model simulasi hujan-limpasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan besaran debit andalan pada DAS Ayung yang dapat digunakan dalam pengelolaan muara sungai khususnya mencegah terjadinya ketidaklancaran pembuangan debit banjir menuju laut. Ketersediaan air yang ditunjukkan dengan debit andalan pada DAS Ayung pada kondisi musim basah (Q20%) didapatkan debit maksimum sebesar 32.09 m3/detik terjadi pada bulan Januari dan debit minimum sebesar 7.58 m3/detik terjadi pada bulan Juni. Kondisi musim kering (Q80%) didapatkan debit maksimum sebesar 10.76 m3/detik terjadi pada bulan Januari dan debit minimum sebesar 0.68 m3/detik terjadi pada bulan Juni. Sedangkan kondisi normal (Q50%) didapatkan debit maksimum sebesar 22.84 m3/detik terjadi pada bulan Januari dan debit minimum sebesar 1.74 m3/detik terjadi pada bulan Agustus.
6
Pereira, Sara, Flávio Bastos, Carla Santos, José Maia, Go Tani, Leah E. Robinson, and Peter T. Katzmarzyk. "Variation and Predictors of Gross Motor Coordination Development in Azorean Children: A Quantile Regression Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 5417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095417.
Анотація:
We investigated the development of gross motor coordination (GMC) as well as its predictors in school-aged Azorean children. The sample included 181 children (90 girls), followed consecutively for 4 years from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder, and predictors included body mass index, standing long jump, 50-yard dash, and shuttle run. The changes in GMC and the effects of predictors were analyzed with mean-modeling as well as quantile regression. In the latter, we considered the following three quantiles (Q): Q20, Q50, and Q80 as markers of low, median, and high GMC levels, respectively. All analyses were conducted using R software and alpha was set at 5%. The GMC changes were curvilinear in both models, but the quantile approach showed a more encompassing picture of the changes across the three quantiles in both boys and girls with different rates of change. Further, the predictors had different effect sizes across the quantiles in both sexes, but in the mean-model their effects were constant. In conclusion, quantile regression provides more detailed information and permits a more thorough understanding of changes in GMC over time and the influence of putative predictors.
7
Mustamin, M. R., F. Maricar, and R. Karamma. "Modeling of Flood Prone Areas In The Kelara Watershed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1134, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012006.
Анотація:
Abstract One of the efforts to minimize the negative impacts of flooding in the Kelara Watershed is to make model flood-prone areas that can be used as an initial reference for flood disaster mitigation. The analytical method used is hydraulic analysis using 2D HECRAS numerical simulations to determine areas affected by flooding based on flood discharge at a return period of 2 - 100 years. Based on the simulation results, it is found that the discovery area for Q2 is 331.42 Ha, Q5 is 547.21 Ha, Q10 is 798.76 Ha, Q20 is 925.11 Ha, Q25 is 925.79 Ha, Q50 is 1048.48 Ha, and Q100 is 1146.71 Ha. From the results of the flood depth verification, it was also known that the flood that occurred on January 22, 2019 was approaching the 100 year return period flood and June 12, 2020, was approaching the 20 year return period flood. So from the results of mapping and field verification, it is known that the 4 affected districts are Binamu District, Kelara District, Turatea District, and Biringbulu District with the location of the worst flooding occurred in Sapanang Village, Binamu District.
8
Rintis, Hadiani, Suyanto, and Yosephina Puspa Setyoasri. "Rainfall-Discharge Simulation in Bah Bolon Catchment Area by Mock Method, NRECA Method, and GR2M Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.24.
Анотація:
Rainfall-discharge simulation is a process transformation from rainfall to discharge in a catchment area by modelling. The most popular models are Mock method and NRECA method. It is according to the handbook of irrigation that is written by government (Indonesia). GR2M (Global Rainfall-Runoff Model) is a new model that is not usual to be used in Indonesia. GR2M is a simulation model that needs less parameter than Mock and NRECA methods. This research was conducted in the Bah Bolon catchment area, Simalungun, North Sumatra. It will analyze the simulation of rainfall-discharge by three methods, Mock, NRECA, and GR2M without considering whether the watershed was wet or dry watershed. The analysis was computed the dependable discharge by flow duration curve (fdc) in a series data on each method. The parameter that compared was the dependable discharge, i.e. the discharge with probability 70% (Q70), probability 80% (Q80), and probability 90% (Q90). GR2M will compared with Mock, then compared with NRECA. The results show that the discharge simulation by GR2M methods and the discharge simulation by Mock method has correlation 0.968. The discharge simulation by GR2M method and the discharge simulation by NRECA method has correlation 0,955. It means that GR2M close to the both of them, but GR2M can used easily because it has less parameter than the other. Based on the graphic, GR2M close to the Mock method for probability more than 50%. So, if the probability is 70%, 80%, and 90%, then GR2M method close to Mock method.
9
Vetter, T., S. Huang, V. Aich, T. Yang, X. Wang, V. Krysanova, and F. Hattermann. "Multi-model climate impact assessment and intercomparison for three large-scale river basins on three continents." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2014): 849–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-849-2014.
Анотація:
Abstract. Climate change impacts on hydrological processes should be simulated for river basins using validated models and multiple climate scenarios in order to provide reliable results for stakeholders. In the last 10–15 years climate impact assessment was performed for many river basins worldwide using different climate scenarios and models. Nevertheless, the results are hardly comparable and do not allow to create a full picture of impacts and uncertainties. Therefore, a systematic intercomparison of impacts is suggested, which should be done for representative regions using state-of-the-art models. Our study is intended as a step in this direction. The impact assessment presented here was performed for three river basins on three continents: Rhine in Europe, Upper Niger in Africa and Upper Yellow in Asia. For that, climate scenarios from five GCMs and three hydrological models: HBV, SWIM and VIC, were used. Four "Representative Concentration Pathways" (RCPs) covering a range of emissions and land-use change projections were included. The objectives were to analyze and compare climate impacts on future trends considering three runoff quantiles: Q90, Q50 and Q10 and on seasonal water discharge, and to evaluate uncertainties from different sources. The results allow drawing some robust conclusions, but uncertainties are large and shared differently between sources in the studied basins. The robust results in terms of trend direction and slope and changes in seasonal dynamics could be found for the Rhine basin regardless which hydrological model or forcing GCM is used. For the Niger River scenarios from climate models are the largest uncertainty source, providing large discrepancies in precipitation, and therefore clear projections are difficult to do. For the Upper Yellow basin, both the hydrological models and climate models contribute to uncertainty in the impacts, though an increase in high flows in future is a robust outcome assured by all three hydrological models.
10
Saleh, Ayuko Hirani, Akira Tai, Shinichiro Yano, and Mukhsan Putra Hatta. "Implementation of Hydrological Model for the Malino Catchment Area in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 18, no. 7 (October 1, 2023): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0806.
Анотація:
In South Sulawesi, the development of irrigation may be hindered by the continuing limitations and inadequacies of hydrological data. It is well known that the rainfall monitoring station is more extensive than the river flow monitoring station. Therefore, the Malino Catchment Area was selected to illustrate the theory of four tank components. The 1st tank (tank A) has two horizontal outlets (Qa1 and Qa2) and one vertical outlet (Ia); the 2nd tank (tank B) has one horizontal outlet (Qb) and one vertical outlet (Ib); the 3rd tank (tank C) has the same conceptual structure as tanks A and B; and the 4th tank (tank D) has only one horizontal outlet (Qd). To ensure that the tank model represents vertical and horizontal flows in a watershed region, the flows (Qa1, Qa2, Qb, Qc, and Qd) are predicted to accumulate in one flow, more or less, and must equal the measured discharge (Qo) at the specified time. Rainfall and evapotranspiration data are required to calculate this model. The 264.55 km2 (25902 ha) research area has an elevation range of 400–2400 masl. The findings for land use are dominated by plantations (41.01%), forests (40.79%), rice fields (15.44%), and residential areas (0.96%). In the calibration of the tank model, R2 is evaluated at 0.560% (good) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is evaluated at 0.526% (good) to ensure that the model can represent the distribution of water flow components. Additionally, the measurements for the total water flow (Qtotal) were 13702 m3/y with a total rainfall of 3996 mm/y. Furthermore, surface flow accounts for 77.26% of the total runoff water, while intermediate flow accounts for 20.25%.
11
Garcia, Lara Gabrielle, Luiz Felippe Salemi, Rafael Mingoti, Carla Cristina Cassiano, Aline Aparecida Fransozi, Vinicius Guidotti de Faria, Carlos Alberto Vettorazzi, Walter Paula Lima, and Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz. "Hydrological Effects of Spatial Harvest Patterns in a Small Catchment Covered by Fast-Growing Plantations in the Neotropics." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 04, no. 01 (February 21, 2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2301022.
Анотація:
<em>Eucalyptus</em> forests are expanding worldwide and concerns exist about their impact on water resources. There is a lack of information about the hydrological effects of spatial harvest patterns in terms of their effects on streamflow. In this paper, we examined harvest amount and hillslope position effects on flow indices (Q70; Q50 and Q10) and water yield in a small catchment covered with a fast-growing <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantation. To do that, we used the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), a physical-based distributed hydrological model, to simulate harvesting scenarios with different harvest amounts (30% and 70% of the forest plantation) at two hillslope positions (downslope and upslope). We also verified the influence of the amount of rainfall on peak flows for all scenarios. The results showed that the increase in water yield is positively related to the harvest amount and that, under the same harvest amount, harvests in downslope areas caused a larger increase in water yield than harvests in upslope areas. Downslope harvests led to a greater increase in peak flow under the 30% harvest. For the 70% harvest, no substantial effects of harvest position on peak flow could be detected. Incorporating harvest amounts and spatial patterns in <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantations management practices may be useful to mitigate their effects on water resources, especially in regions where water availability is generally lower.
12
Batas, Eiren Syurike, Yureana Wijayanti, and Lalu Marhayani Kesuma. "Assessing Agricultural Water Reliability in Jetis Irrigation Area Using the F.J. Mock Hydrological Model." E3S Web of Conferences 426 (2023): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342601023.
Анотація:
Jetis Irrigation area is located in Sidohardjo Subdistrict, Sragen Regency, Central Java, and is known for its rice crop production. This study aimed to assess water availability, estimate water requirements, and analyze irrigation expansion in the area. Data on discharge, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and flow area were collected and analyzed using the F.J. Mock method. This method enabled monthly calculations of water balance analysis and discharge rates. The study found that the availability of water at Q80% and Q90% discharge rates was sufficient to meet the water needs of the Jetis irrigation area. By assessing agricultural water reliability, policymakers can incorporate these findings into land-use planning and water allocation decisions.
13
Setiadi, Panji Agung, Yureana Wijayanti, Christian Cahyono, and Juliastuti. "FJ.Mock Method for Hydrological model in Water Reliability Study at Jatiluhur Estate, Purwakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 998, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/998/1/012003.
Анотація:
Abstract Jatiluhur Estate is an area located in Purwakarta Regency and was developed for residential, industrial, and commercial areas. Therefore, it is important to determine the availability of water that will meet water needs, and to evaluate the water reliability in future. This study aimed to model the river discharge in determination of water availability of Jatiluhur Estate. The methods used in this study include observational discharge data, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and area of flow. To analyze the availability of water, F.J. Mock method was used, where the F.J. Mock method can show water balance analysis for monthly discharge. The results showed that the availability of water with mainstay discharge Q80% and Q90% met the water needs of the Jatiluhur Estate or showed a surplus condition for 30 years (2020-2050).
14
Ariwibowo, Mohammad Lutfi, S. Suripin, and Pranoto Samto Atmojo. "Aplikasi Penginderaan Jauh dan EPA-SWMM untuk Simulasi Debit Banjir Akibat Perubahan Lahan Sub DAS Banjaran." Teknik 38, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v38i2.13804.
Анотація:
Tataguna lahan di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Banjaran telah mengalami perubahan yang cukup tinggi selama kurun waktu 1995 sampai 2001. Lahan sawah berkurang 1.759,28 hektar menjadi 1.603,97 hektar, tegalan berkurang 289,54 hektar menjadi 283,32 hektar dan permukiman bertambah 1.284,36 hektar menjadi 1.445,88 hektar. Alih fungsi lahan ini mengakibatkan banjir sering terjadi. Beberapa kali Sungai Banjaran meluap menyebabkan banjir di permukiman dan ruas jalan. Kajian pengaruh perubahan lahan terhadap debit banjir perlu dilakukan sehingga peningkatan debit banjir dapat dikendalikan.Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis debit banjir secara periodik sesuai dengan perubahan tata guna lahan yang terjadi berdasarkan data hidrologi dan parameter DAS. Perhitungan debit banjir dilakukan dengan kalibrasi Environmental Protection Agency – Storm Water Management Model( EPA-SWMM), yaitu metode Hidrograf Observasi (debit terukur) yang dikalibrasi dengan metode Nash. Analisis perubahan lahan menggunakan peta tataguna lahan tahun 2005, Citra Satelit Quick Bird tahun 2010 dan 2014 yang berbasis Geography Information System (GIS). Penggunaan citra satelit resolusi tinggi Quick Bird memenuhi ketepatan dalam menentukan daerah impervious dan pervious sertamorfometri DAS sebagai parameter utama dalam input EPA-SWMM. Model yang telah terkalibrasi digunakan untuk simulasi debit rencana sampai periode ulang 50 tahun.Perubahan lahan selama tahun 2005-2014 permukiman meningkat sebesar 10,98 ha (2,39 %), luas hutan menurun 1,67 ha (0,07%), telah mengakibatkan kenaikan debit banjir Q2 sampai Q50 tahun. Besarnya debit dan kenaikannya berturut-turut sebagai berikut : Q2 tahun sebesar 3,08 m3/dtk (2,16 %), Q5 tahun sebesar 3,5 m3/dtk (1,87 %), Q10 tahun sebesar 3,72 m3/dtk (1,7 %), Q25 tahun sebesar 3,94 m3/dtk (1,60 %) dan Q50 tahun sebesar 4,13 m3/dtk (1,50 %). Volume banjir terjadi peningkatan yakni: Q2 tahun sebesar 0,57 % (10. 106 ) liter, Q5 tahun sebesar 0,45 % (12.106 ) liter, Q10 tahun sebesar 0,42 % (13. 106) liter, Q25 tahun sebesar 0,33 % (12.106) liter dan Q50 tahun sebesar 0,35 % (14.106) liter. Usaha pengendalian banjir pada periode ulang 50 tahun (Q50) yang disimulasikan mampu menurunkan debit banjir antara lain : penegakkan hukum sebesar 14,43 m3/dtk (5 %), embung sebesar 20,9 m3/dtk (7,1 %) dan sumur resapan sebesar 31,18 m3/dtk (10,73 %). Skenario RTRW sebesar 26,3 m3/dtk (9,05 %), kombinasi sumur resapan dan penegakan hukum sebesar 45,92 m3/dtk (15,81 %) dan kombinasi embung dan penegakan hukum sebesar 40,58 m3/dtk (13,97 %). Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh pembuatan sumur resapan, kombinasi sumur resapan dan penegakan hukum, kombinasi embung dan penegakan hukum mampu menurunkan debit banjir sampai pada Q25
15
Savero, Alvin Muhammad, Jong-Ho Kim, Byantara Darsan Purusatama, Denni Prasetia, Imam Wahyudi, Apri Heri Iswanto, Seung-Hwan Lee, and Nam-Hun Kim. "Radial Variation of Wood Anatomical Characteristics and Maturation Ages of Six Korean Oak Species." Forests 15, no. 3 (February 23, 2024): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030433.
Анотація:
The objective of this study was to examine and compare radial variation of the anatomical characteristics and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood of the six Korean oak wood species: Quercus variabilis (Qv), Quercus serrata (Qs), Quercus mongolica (Qm), Quercus dentata (Qd), Quercus aliena (Qal), and Quercus acutissima (Qac). Quantitative anatomical features were observed from the pith to the bark at five growth-ring intervals using optical microscopy. A segmented regression model was used to evaluate the transition from juvenile wood to mature wood. The clearest transition from juvenile to mature wood was observed in the radial variation of the earlywood vessel diameter and fiber length. The maturation age of the six Korean oak species ranged from 19 to 44 years. Qv exhibited the highest values for latewood vessel diameter, fiber length, and fiber diameter. Qac displayed the highest values for earlywood vessel diameter and fiber wall thickness. The highest fiber lumen diameter was observed for Qm. The differences in earlywood and latewood vessel diameters and fiber lengths could be utilized as identification keys for these species. Earlywood vessel diameter and fiber length have emerged as the most reliable indicators for estimating the transition from juvenile to mature wood.
16
Remesan, Renji, Sazeda Begam, and Ian P. Holman. "Effect of baseline snowpack assumptions in the HySIM model in predicting future hydrological behaviour of a Himalayan catchment." Hydrology Research 50, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.069.
Анотація:
Abstract Glaciers and snowpacks influence streamflow by altering the volume and timing of discharge. Without reliable data on baseline snow and ice volumes, properties and behaviour, initializing hydrological models for climate impact assessment is challenging. Two contrasting HySIM model builds were calibrated and validated against observed discharge data (2000–2008) assuming that snowmelt of the baseline permanent snowpack reserves in the high-elevation sub-catchment are either constrained (snowmelt is limited to the seasonal snow accumulation) or unconstrained (snowmelt is only energy-limited). We then applied both models within a scenario-neutral framework to develop impact response surface of hydrological response to future changes in annual temperature and precipitation. Both models had similar baseline model performance (NSE of 0.69–0.70 in calibration and 0.64–0.66 in validation), but the impact response surfaces differ in the magnitude and (for some combinations) direction of model response to climate change at low (Q10) and high (Q90) daily flows. The implications of historical data inadequacies in snowpack characterization for assessing the impacts of climate change and the associated timing of hydrological tipping points are discussed.
17
Delgado Mendinueta, José, Werner Klaus, Jun Sakaguchi, Satoshi Shinada, Hideaki Furukawa, Yoshinari Awaji, and Naoya Wada. "Numerical Investigation of the Equalization Enhanced Phase Noise Penalty for M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Formats in Short-Haul Few-Mode Fiber Transmission Systems with Time-Domain Equalization." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112182.
Анотація:
The equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN), caused by the interaction of the chromatic dispersion (CD) with the phase noise of the local oscillator (LO), has been extensively studied for single-mode optical communication systems. Few-mode fiber (FMF) transmission systems introduce a new channel impairment, the differential mode delay (DMD), which also creates EEPN and hence limits the maximum transmission distance of those systems. In this work, we numerically investigate the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) penalties caused by the EEPN in a 3-mode FMF transmission system at 25 GBd for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 32-QAM and 64-QAM modulation formats when using the blind phase search (BPS) carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithm, which has been demonstrated to be both robust and suitable for optical communication systems. Our numerical study assumes a short-span of FMF, modeled in the weakly-coupled regime, and includes two cases; the use of ideal mode-selective de/multiplexers at both ends of the FMF span (model A), and the use of ideal non-mode-selective de/multiplexers (model B). The results show that the EEPN has almost no effect in model A. However, EEPN produces a severe penalty in model B with the onset of the OSNR degradation starting for a DMD spread of the impulse response of about 100 symbols for all modulation formats investigated. The distribution ratio of the amount of phase noise between the transmitter and receiver lasers is also assessed for model B and we confirm that the degradation is mainly due to the phase noise of the LO.
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Liu, Yihua, Lyuliu Liu, Lin Li, Hongmei Li, Hongmei Xu, Jing Yang, Shiyin Tao, and Baowen Zhu. "Changes in Runoff in the Source Region of the Yellow River Basin Based on CMIP6 Data under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality." Water 15, no. 13 (July 4, 2023): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15132457.
Анотація:
China is committed to achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. This study projected the changes in climate and runoff in the source region of the Yellow River Basin for 2021–2060 under lower carbon emission pathways (SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5) using a statistically downscaled climate dataset and the SWAT hydrological model. Results showed that the climate will become warmer and wetter from 2021–2060. In comparison with the baseline period (1995–2014), in terms of the ensemble mean, annual mean air temperature, annual precipitation, and annual runoff will increase by 1.3 °C and 1.6 °C, by 11.1% and 11.2%, and by 12.8% and 11.9% under SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5 scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the seasonal pattern of runoff was projected to change. The proportion of monthly runoff to the annual total will decrease by 0.6–1.0% in summer but increase by 0.1–1.0% during the period from January to April and September to December. The multimodel ensemble mean (MEM) of extremely high monthly flow (Q10) will increase by 3.5–13.4% in the flood season (June to August) and water storage season (September to December). The MEM of extremely low monthly flow (Q90) will increase by 19.4–26.2% from February to April but decrease by 5.0–8.9% in January, May, and December. Thus, the warmer and wetter climate from 2021–2060 will likely cause flatter seasonal distribution of runoff, lower risk of water scarcity at the annual scale and of drought from February to April, but higher risk both of flood in the flood season and of drought in December, January, and May. Generally, the flatter pattern of runoff would likely alleviate water scarcity in the dry and water storage seasons to some degree, and the increase in monthly runoff in the water storage season will benefit hydroelectric power generation and agriculture and animal husbandry production. However, in some years, the increase in Q10 in the flood season will likely increase flood prevention pressure, and the decrease in Q90 in May will likely obstruct grass revival.
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Primadita, Brigita Diaz, M. Syahril Badri Kusuma, and Waluyo Hatmoko. "EVALUASI KINERJA MODEL HUJAN ALIRAN LUMPED DALAM PENENTUAN ALIRAN DASAR DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CITARUM." JURNAL TEKNIK HIDRAULIK 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32679/jth.v14i2.735.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Studies related to baseflow modeling are still rarely carried out compared to flood modeling. The commonly used rainfall-runoff models oversimplify the baseflow process, which leads to poor low-flow simulations. Baseflow plays an important role in regulating the seasonal distribution of river flow, maintaining aquatic habitats, and transporting chemical nutrients in the river system. If the baseflow decreases in the Citarum Watershed, there will be consequential impacts on the Java-Bali electricity supply, rice field irrigation water, raw water, and industrial water in West Java and DKI Jakarta. This study evaluates six lumped-rainfall-runoff models that are popularly used in the Ministry of Public Works and Housing of Indonesia, namely Mock, NRECA, HBV96, NAM, Sacramento, and Empirical to simulate baseflow on the Nanjung Subwatershed and Cisokan Subwatershed. The baseflow simulations from each model are compared with the observational baseflow. The observational baseflow is obtained using the Recursive Digital Filter Lyne and Holick one filter methods. To quantify model comparison, a multi-criteria matrix is used consisting of the model convenience, baseflow parameters, and model performance. This study shows that the Mock Model gives the best results with a "Satisfactory" score for simulating baseflow in NSE and RMSE values, the Q50-Q80 differences, and the difference in flow heights compared to the other five models. In addition, the Mock Model is also relatively easy, accessible, and familiar to use.Keywords: Baseflow, Rainfall-Runoff, Lumped, Citarum, Recursive Digital FilterABSTRAKKajian terkait pemodelan aliran dasar masih jarang dilakukan dibandingkan pemodelan banjir. Model hujan-aliran yang umumnya digunakan mengasumsikan perhitungan aliran dasar secara sederhana sehingga menghasilkan simulasi aliran rendah yang buruk. Padahal penentuan aliran dasar sangat diperlukan mengingat pentingnya fungsi aliran dasar dalam mengatur distribusi musiman aliran sungai, mempertahankan habitat air, dan mengangkut nutrisi-bahan kimia dalam sistem sungai. Apabila terjadi penurunan aliran dasar di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum maka dampaknya akan signifikan pada pasokan listrik Jawa-Bali, air irigasi sawah, air baku, dan air industri di Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi enam model hujan-aliran lumped yang populer digunakan di Kementerian PUPR, yaitu Mock, NRECA, HBV96, NAM, Sacramento, dan Empiris untuk menentukan besarnya aliran dasar pada Sub-DAS Nanjung dan Sub-DAS Cisokan. Hasil pemodelan kemudian dibandingkan dengan hasil pemisahan aliran dasar dari debit observasi yang diperoleh melalui Metode Recursive Digital Filter Lyne dan Holick satu filter. Untuk memudahkan perbandingan model, digunakan matriks multi-kriteria dengan parameter pembanding kemudahan pemodelan, ada tidaknya parameter aliran dasar, dan kinerja model. Penelitian menunjukkan Model Mock memberikan hasil paling baik dengan skor “Memuaskan” untuk mensimulasikan aliran dasar di lokasi kajian berdasarkan nilai NSE dan RMSE, selisih Q50-Q80, dan selisih tinggi aliran dibandingkan kelima model lain. Selain itu, Model Mock juga relatif mudah, aksesibel, dan familiar untuk menentukan aliran dasar di lokasi kajian.Kata Kunci: Aliran dasar, Hujan-Aliran, Lumped, Citarum, Recursive Digital Filter
20
Gao, Hui Juan, and Yan Liu. "New Dual-Mode FSE Suitable for High-Order QAM Signals." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.478.
Анотація:
In the digital transmission system, constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is a famous blind equalization to overcome the inter-symbol interference without the aid of training sequences. But for the non-constant modulus signals such as higher-order QAM signals, the CMA just achieve moderate steady-state mean square error (MSE). So a new dual-mode fractionally-spaced equalization (FSE) suitable for high-order QAM signals is proposed, which makes full use of the character which is that the high-order QAM signals have the different modulus. This algorithm uses the FSE based on CMA as the basal mode and in the second mode it uses the FSE based on variable modulus algorithm. The simulation results show that compared with CMA the proposed algorithm has faster convergence rate and lower steady-state mean square error.
21
AL-Rawi, Muhanned. "Data Transmission at 14.4kb/s OVER 32kb/s ADPCM Channel." Technological Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2018-0014.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper presents new modified QAM modem that operates at data rate of 14.4kb/s to be transmitted over 32kb/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM). The purpose of this modified QAM modem is to reduce the nonlinear distortion introduced by ADPCM. The performance of ADPCM is studied considering the standard QAM modem and modified QAM modem with different constellations. The simulation results show that the performance of ADPCM with modified QAM modem is better than its performance with standard QAM modem. Also, the performance with circular constellation is better than rectangular one.
22
Shakir Hameed, Asaad, Burhanuddin Mohd Aboobaider, Ngo Hea Choon, Modhi Lafta Mutar, and Wassim Habib Bilal. "Review on the Methods to Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems Particularly: Quadratic Assignment Model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.20 (September 1, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.18722.
Анотація:
The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization problem (COPs) in the branch of optimization or operation research in mathematics, from the category of the Facilities Location Problems (FLPs). The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) be appropriate to the group of NP-hard issues and is measured as a challenging problem of the combinatorial optimization. QAP in Location Theory considers one of the problems of facilities tracing which the rate of locating a facility be determined by the spaces between facilities as well as the communication among the further facilities. QAP was presented in 1957 by Beckman and Koopmans as they were attempting to model a problem of facilities location. To survey the researcher’s works for QAP and applied, the mapped research landscape outlines literature into a logical classification and discovers this field basic characteristics represented on the motivation to use the quadratic assignment problem applied in hospital layout and campus planning. This survey achieved a concentrated each QAP article search in three key databases: Web of Science, Science Direct, and IEEE Xplore. Those databases are regarded extensive adequate in covering QAP and the methods utilized in solving QAP.
23
Lim, Qi Zhi, Chin Poo Lee, Kian Ming Lim, Jing Xiang Ng, Eric Khang Heng Ooi, and Nicole Kai Ning Loh. "Multilingual Question Answering for Malaysia History with Transformer-based Language Model." Emerging Science Journal 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2024-08-02-019.
Анотація:
In natural language processing (NLP), a Question Answering System (QAS) refers to a system or model that is designed to understand and respond to user queries in natural language. As we navigate through the recent advancements in QAS, it can be observed that there is a paradigm shift of the methods used from traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches towards transformer-based language models. While significant progress has been made, the utilization of these models for historical QAS and the development of QAS for Malay language remain largely unexplored. This research aims to bridge the gaps, focusing on developing a Multilingual QAS for history of Malaysia by utilizing a transformer-based language model. The system development process encompasses various stages, including data collection, knowledge representation, data loading and pre-processing, document indexing and storing, and the establishment of a querying pipeline with the retriever and reader. A dataset with a collection of 100 articles, including web blogs related to the history of Malaysia, has been constructed, serving as the knowledge base for the proposed QAS. A significant aspect of this research is the use of the translated dataset in English instead of the raw dataset in Malay. This decision was made to leverage the effectiveness of well-established retriever and reader models that were trained on English data. Moreover, an evaluation dataset comprising 100 question-answer pairs has been created to evaluate the performance of the models. A comparative analysis of six different transformer-based language models, namely DeBERTaV3, BERT, ALBERT, ELECTRA, MiniLM, and RoBERTa, has been conducted, where the effectiveness of the models was examined through a series of experiments to determine the best reader model for the proposed QAS. The experimental results reveal that the proposed QAS achieved the best performance when employing RoBERTa as the reader model. Finally, the proposed QAS was deployed on Discord and equipped with multilingual support through the incorporation of language detection and translation modules, enabling it to handle queries in both Malay and English. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-019 Full Text: PDF
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Lesmana, Surya Budi, and Andi Nadya Milenia. "Analisis Ketersediaan Air pada Daerah Tangkapan Waduk Sempor dengan Model Mock." Bulletin of Civil Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 10, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/bce.v2i3.17117.
Анотація:
Sub-DAS Sempor, sub-DAS Seliling, dan sub-DAS Kedung Jati adalah bagian dari daerah tangkapan Waduk Sempor. Daerah tangkapan ini merupakan bagian hulu dari DAS Telomoyo dan menjadi salah satu sumber pemasok air pada Waduk Sempor, karena itu sangat penting untuk mengetahui debit ketersediaan air dan debit andalan pada daerah tangkapan tersebut sebagai strategi pengembangan sumber daya air secara menyeluruh. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui debit ketersediaan air dan debit andalan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan model Mock. Pada penelitian ini, data yang digunakan merupakan data curah hujan bulanan dan data klimatologi tahun 2011-2020. Berdasarkan analisis ketersediaan air model Mock, diperoleh rata-rata debit pada sub-DAS Sempor sebesar 0,308 m³/s; sub-DAS Seliling sebesar 0,337 m³/s; dan sub-DAS Kedung Jati sebesar 0,529 m³/s. Dari besaran debit Mock tersebut, diperoleh debit andalan Q80 pada sub-DAS Sempor sebesar 0,13 m³/s; sub-DAS Seliling sebesar 0,13 m³/s; dan sub-DAS Kedung Jati sebesar 0,23 m³/s, serta diperoleh debit andalan Q90 pada sub-DAS Sempor sebesar 0,10 m³/s; sub-DAS Seliling sebesar 0,11 m³/s; dan sub-DAS Kedung Jati sebesar 0,18 m³/s. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sub-DAS Kedung Jati memiliki debit ketersediaan air yang paling besar dan sub-DAS Sempor memiliki debit ketersediaan air yang paling kecil. Analisis juga dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi perubahan tataguna lahan, dan diperoleh rata-rata debit daerah tangkapan mengalami penurunan pada sub- DAS Sempor dari 0,308 m³/s menjadi 0,297 m³/s; pada sub-DAS Seliling dari 0,337 m³/s menjadi 0,325 m³/s; dan pada sub-DAS Kedung Jati dari 0,529 m³/s menjadi 0,484 m³/s. Sempor sub-watershed, Seliling sub-watershed, and Kedung Jati sub-watershed are part of the catchment area of the Sempor Reservoir. This catchment area is the upstream part of the Telomoyo watershed, and it became one of the sources of water supply for the Sempor Reservoir, so it is very important to know the water availability and mainstay discharge in the catchment area as a strategy for developing water resources as a whole. The purpose of this research is to determine the flow of water availability and mainstay discharge using the F. J. Mock model approach. In this study, the datasets used are monthly rainfall data and climatological data from 2011 to 2020. Based on the analysis of water availability by the F. J. Mock model, the average discharge in the Sempor sub-watershed is 0.308 m³/s; Seliling sub-watershed is 0.348 m³/s; and the Kedung Jati sub-watershed is 0.529 m³/s. From the magnitude of the Mock discharge, it is obtained that the Q80% mainstay discharge in the Sempor sub-watershed is 0.13 m³/s; Seliling sub-watershed by 0.13 m³/s; and the Kedung Jati sub-watershed of 0.23 m/s, and a reliable Q90% discharge in the Sempor sub-watershed of 0.10 m³/s; Seliling sub-watershed by 0.11 m³/s; and the Kedung Jati sub-watershed at 0.18 m³/s. The analysis of the three sub-watersheds shows that the Kedung Jati sub-watershed has the largest available water discharge and the Sempor sub- watershed has the smallest available water discharge. Analysis was also carried out by simulating changes in land use, and it was obtained that the average catchment area discharge had decreased in the Sempor sub-watershed from 0.308 m³/s to 0.297 m³/s; in the Seliling sub-watershed from 0.337 m³/s to 0.325 m³/s; and in the Kedung Jati sub-watershed from 0.529 m³/s to 0.484 m³/s.
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Sepehrdoust, Hamid, Mohsen Tartar, and Sara Mohtashami. "Impact of Determinant Macro Economic Variables on Environmental Changes in Iran." Environmental Health Insights 17 (January 2023): 117863022211498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221149855.
Анотація:
Sustainable economic development involves both improving the socio-economic quality of life in the present and improving environmental conditions for future generations. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the determinant macroeconomic variables, including economic complexity, construction, energy consumption, and housing sector expenditures, on environmental changes in Iran over the period 1991 to 2019; using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results show that at the macro level, an increase in the economic complexity index can reduce pollution in both the short and long term. The effects of further expansion of the housing sector and household energy consumption on pollution are positive and significant in both the short and long run. The error correction model (ECM = 0.65) shows that 65% of the imbalances in each period are corrected in the next period. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to take serious measures to improve the structure of production and increase the country’s economic complexity index; in other words, to produce goods with higher knowledge and technology and apply policies to improve the level of household energy consumption leading to air pollution reduction. Jel: Q40, Q48, Q50, Q52
26
Kayyalha, Morteza, Di Xiao, Ruoxi Zhang, Jaeho Shin, Jue Jiang, Fei Wang, Yi-Fan Zhao, et al. "Absence of evidence for chiral Majorana modes in quantum anomalous Hall-superconductor devices." Science 367, no. 6473 (January 2, 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax6361.
Анотація:
A quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator coupled to an s-wave superconductor is predicted to harbor chiral Majorana modes. A recent experiment interprets the half-quantized two-terminal conductance plateau as evidence for these modes in a millimeter-size QAH-niobium hybrid device. However, non-Majorana mechanisms can also generate similar signatures, especially in disordered samples. Here, we studied similar hybrid devices with a well-controlled and transparent interface between the superconductor and the QAH insulator. When the devices are in the QAH state with well-aligned magnetization, the two-terminal conductance is always half-quantized. Our experiment provides a comprehensive understanding of the superconducting proximity effect observed in QAH-superconductor hybrid devices and shows that the half-quantized conductance plateau is unlikely to be induced by chiral Majorana fermions in samples with a highly transparent interface.
27
Song, Xinhai, Haiyang Ding, Liang He, and Zhuang Miao. "A Full-Duplex Decode-and-Forward Relaying Approach Based on QAM Constellation Suitable for Small-Size Devices." Mobile Information Systems 2023 (April 17, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1408797.
Анотація:
The explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) is putting higher requirements for the performance of co-time co-frequency full-duplex relaying (CCFD-R) due to small-size devices appearing in abundance. In this paper, we present a novel CCFD-R approach with very low complexity to deal with the issue above. Based on the orthogonality of its two components, a distributed usage mode of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation is proposed to perform self-interference cancellation (SIC) without the complicated processing modules, as used widely in traditional full-duplex techniques. Instead of the conventional practice of assigning the entire QAM constellation to only one communication node, our scheme (termed as QAM-R) splits the constellation into two parts and further assigns them to different communication nodes, respectively. With the principle above, the mapping pattern and the frame format are carefully designed. Then, the corresponding signal model is established and the approximation of end-to-end bit error probability (BEP) is derived. Finally, numerical simulations validate the theoretical analysis and show that QAM-R can balance spectrum effectiveness and transmission reliability very well and, especially, performs even better in the low range of signal noise ratio (SNR) when adopting higher-order QAM constellations.
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Biggin, M. D., and W. McGinnis. "Regulation of segmentation and segmental identity by Drosophila homeoproteins: the role of DNA binding in functional activity and specificity." Development 124, no. 22 (November 15, 1997): 4425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.22.4425.
Анотація:
Recent advances have shed new light on how the Q50 homeoproteins act in Drosophila. These transcription factors have remarkably similar and promiscuous DNA-binding specificities in vitro; yet they each specify distinct developmental fates in vivo. One current model suggests that, because the Q50 homeoproteins have distinct biological functions, they must each regulate different target genes. According to this ‘co-selective binding’ model, significant binding of Q50 homeoproteins to functional DNA elements in vivo would be dependent upon cooperative interactions with other transcription factors (cofactors). If the Q50 homeoproteins each interact differently with cofactors, they could be selectively targeted to unique, limited subsets of their in vitro recognition sites and thus control different genes. However, a variety of experiments question this model. Molecular and genetic experiments suggest that the Q50 homeoproteins do not regulate very distinct sets of genes. Instead, they mostly control the expression of a large number of shared targets. The distinct morphogenic properties of the various Q50 homeoproteins may principally result from the different manners in which they either activate or repress these common targets. Further, in vivo binding studies indicate that at least two Q50 homeoproteins have very broad and similar DNA-binding specificities in embryos, a result that is inconsistent with the ‘co-selective binding’ model. Based on these and other data, we suggest that Q50 homeoproteins bind many of their recognition sites without the aid of cofactors. In this ‘widespread binding’ model, cofactors act mainly by helping to distinguish the way in which homeoproteins regulate targets to which they are already bound.
29
Zhang, Runzhou, Nanzhe Hu, Huibin Zhou, Kaiheng Zou, Xinzhou Su, Yiyu Zhou, Haoqian Song, et al. "Turbulence-resilient pilot-assisted self-coherent free-space optical communications using automatic optoelectronic mixing of many modes." Nature Photonics 15, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00877-w.
Анотація:
AbstractIn free-space optical communications that use both amplitude and phase data modulation (for example, in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)), the data are typically recovered by mixing a Gaussian local oscillator with a received Gaussian data beam. However, atmospheric turbulence can induce power coupling from the transmitted Gaussian mode to higher-order modes, resulting in a significantly degraded mixing efficiency and system performance. Here, we use a pilot-assisted self-coherent detection approach to overcome this problem. Specifically, we transmit both a Gaussian data beam and a frequency-offset Gaussian pilot tone beam such that both beams experience similar turbulence and modal coupling. Subsequently, a photodetector mixes all corresponding pairs of the beams’ modes. During mixing, a conjugate of the turbulence-induced modal coupling is generated and compensates the modal coupling experienced by the data, and thus the corresponding modes of the pilot and data mix efficiently. We demonstrate a 12 Gbit s−1 16-QAM polarization-multiplexed free-space optical link that is resistant to turbulence.
30
Cech Jr., Joseph J., Daniel T. Castleberry, Todd E. Hopkins, and James H. Petersen. "Northern Squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, O2 Consumption Rate and Respiration Model: Effects of Temperature and Body Size." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-002.
Анотація:
Northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis (live weight range 0.361–1.973 kg), O2 consumption was measured with temperature-controlled, flow-through respirometers for >24 h. Mean standard O2 consumption rate of northern squawfish increased with acclimation temperature: 24.3, 49.1, 75.0, and 89.4 mg∙kg−0.67∙h−1 at 9, 15, 18, and 21 °C, respectively. Q10 analysis showed that O2 consumption rate temperature sensitivity was greatest at the intermediate acclimation temperatures (15–18 °C, Q10 = 4.10), moderate at the lower acclimation temperatures (9–15 °C, Q10 = 3.23), and lowest at the higher acclimation temperatures (18–21 °C, Q10 = 1.80). Overall Q10 was 2.96 (9–21 °C). Body size (W, grams) and temperature (T, degrees Celcius) were related to O2 consumption ([Formula: see text], grams per gram per day) by [Formula: see text]W−0.285∙e0.105T. Northern squawfish red to white muscle ratios significantly exceeded those of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in cross sections at 50 and 75% of standard length. High metabolic rates and red to white muscle ratios argue for comparability of northern squawfish with active predators such as sympatric rainbow trout.
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Sherjah, P. Y., N. Sajikumar, and P. T. Nowshaja. "Semi-analytical model for TSI estimation of inland water bodies from Sentinel 2 imagery." Journal of Hydroinformatics 24, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2022.151.
Анотація:
Abstract Regular monitoring of inland water bodies is essential to identify the areas of deteriorating water quality and to take measures to curb the impairment. The present study aims to develop a semi-analytical model for estimating Trophic State Index (TSI) from Sentinel 2 (S2) imagery. A semi-analytical algorithm, QAA-v6, is parameterized for S2 data (referred to as QAA-S2) based on the correlation between the retrieved inherent optical properties (IOPs) from S2 imagery and the measured TSI data of Milford Lake in the USA. The accuracy of estimation of TSI by this modified model from three different lakes located in USA and from one lake in India has increased by almost 50%, when compared with that of QAA-v6. A correlation analysis of the retrieved IOPs from QAA-S2 using the outputs of three atmospheric correction processors (ACPs) (namely C2RCC, Acolite and Sen2Cor) was carried out and C2RCC gave the least mean absolute percentage error (MAPE<8%) for TSI estimation. TSI estimation using single-scattering albedo (u) at B5 and B6 bands of S2 was reasonable (MAPE<12%) to mark them as computationally efficient estimators of TSI. These results indicate the usefulness and transferability of the QAA-S2 to the various parts of the globe for estimating TSI.
32
Garth, L. M., Jian Yang, and J. J. Werner. "Blind equalization algorithms for dual-mode CAP-QAM reception." IEEE Transactions on Communications 49, no. 3 (March 2001): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.911453.
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Edam, Salaheldin Mohamed, and Gui Xia Kang. "Disaster Management Issues in Ad-Hoc and WSNs with Healthcare and Communications Viewpoints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2770.
Анотація:
In recent years wireless ad-hoc and sensor network’s applications in disaster have drawn a lot of attention from both research and industry. Therefore, in order to improve the estimations that necessary for useful decision making for disaster personnel; this paper addresses disaster management issues in ad-hoc and WSNs with healthcare and communications viewpoints. We attempt to lift and discuss these issues and get some solutions to them. Accordingly, the theoretical bit error rate (BER) performances of four modes of quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) versus phase shift keying (PSK) is obtained, in which QAM performance is better than PSK. Moreover, the simulation results showed the BER performance of 16-mode for the two modulation techniques under AWGN and fading channel. According to the simulation results, we observed that at and in AWGN, the 16-QAM required 4dB less than PSK, but its performance in the fading channel not efficient. Furthermore, the evaluation of performance proves that the using of diversity order enhances the performance in the fading channel more and more.
34
Ramiz İsmayılov, Ramiz İsmayılov, Eyvaz Rəsulov Eyvaz Rəsulov, and Ruhiyyə Əsgərova Ruhiyyə Əsgərova. "QAZ NƏQLEDİCİ ŞƏBƏKƏNİN İNKİŞAFININ PLANLAŞDIRILMASI VƏ MATLAB-SİMULİNK MODELİNİN QURULMASI." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 16, no. 05 (April 25, 2022): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei16052022-118.
Анотація:
Bu tədqiqat qaz nəqli sistemlərinin modelləşdirilməsi məsələsinə həsr edilmişdir. Müasir qaz şəbəkələri yaşayış məntəqələrini və bütün rayonları təbii qaz mənbələri ilə birləşdirir. Bu cür sistemlər hazırda olduqca mürəkkəbdir və onların modelləşdirilməsi böyük hesablama xərcləri tələb edir. Təqdim olunan işin məqsədi məlumatların işlənməsi vaxtını azaltmaq üçün istismar olunan qaz kəmərlərinin, habelə rabitə qovşaqlarının riyazi modelinə daxil edilmiş tənlik sistemlərinin həllinin səmərəliliyini artırmaqdır. İşdə əsas diqqət digər modelin tənliklərini həll etmək üçün bir modelin tənliklərindən istifadə edərək qaz kəmərlərinin və qarşılıqlı əlaqə qovşaqlarının riyazi modellərinin birləşdirilməsinə yönəldilir. Müasir təcrübədə qaz kəmərlərinin sənaye istismarı modelləşdirmədə təbii qaz axını çox vaxt biristiqamətli izotermik axın kimi qəbul edilir. Təqdim olunan işdə qazın nəqli prosesinin dinamikasını müəyyən edən qismən törəmələr sistemindən alınmış iki sadələşdirilmiş model verilmişdir. Bu modellərə boru kəməri oxunun üfüqə meyl parametri daxildir ki, bu da modelləşdirmədə çox vaxt laqeyd qalır. Hazırlanan metodologiyanın bu özəlliyi həm də daha dəqiq simulyasiya nəticələri əldə etməyə imkan verə bilər. Açar sözlər: qaz şəbəkəsi, qaz kəməri, tələb rejimləri, simulyasiya modeli, qaz kəmərinin modelləşdirilməsi; qazötürücü şəbəkələr; ədədi üsullar; diferensial tənliklər; kompüter simulyasiyası; təzyiq modelləşdirmə; birləşdirən qovşaqlar; qeyri-bərabər qaz istehlakı
35
Crismaru, Mihaela, Lia A. T. W. Asri, Ton J. A. Loontjens, Bastiaan P. Krom, Joop de Vries, Henny C. van der Mei, and Henk J. Busscher. "Survival of Adhering Staphylococci during Exposure to a Quaternary Ammonium Compound Evaluated by Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 11 (August 29, 2011): 5010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05062-11.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTEffects of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) on the survival of adhering staphylococci on a surface were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Four strains with different minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for the QAC were exposed to three different concentrations of the QAC in potassium phosphate buffer (0.5×, 1×, and 2× MBC) while adhering to glass. Adhering staphylococci were repeatedly imaged with AFM in the contact mode, and the cell surface was found to wrinkle upon progressive exposure to the QAC until bacteria disappeared from the substratum. Higher concentrations of QAC yielded faster wrinkling and the disappearance of bacteria during imaging. Two slime-producing staphylococcal strains survived longer on the surface than two non-slime-producing strains despite similar MICs and MBCs. All staphylococci adhering in unscanned areas remained adhering during exposure to QAC. Since MICs and MBCs did not relate to bacterial cell surface hydrophobicities and zeta potentials, survival on the surface is probably not determined by the direct interaction of QAC molecules with the cell surface. Instead, it is suggested that the pressure of the AFM tip assists the incorporation of QAC molecules in the membrane and enhances their bactericidal efficacy. In addition, the prolonged survival under pressure from slime-producing strains on a surface may point to a new protective role of slime as a stress absorber, impeding the incorporation of QAC molecules. The addition of Ca2+ions to a QAC solution yielded longer survival of intact, adhering staphylococci, suggesting that Ca2+ions can impede the exchange of membrane Ca2+ions required for QAC incorporation.
36
Li, Xiuyi, Lin Zhang, Jiaxing Shang, Xiaoquan Li, Yu Qian, and Linjiang Zheng. "A Runway Overrun Risk Assessment Model for Civil Aircraft Based on Quick Access Recorder Data." Applied Sciences 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 9828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179828.
Анотація:
The quick access recorder (QAR), as an airborne device used to monitor and record flight parameters, has been widely installed on various types of aircraft. Based on QAR data, research on runway overrun, a typical flight safety incident, has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, existing runway overrun risk models generally suffer from oversimplified risk metrics or insufficient consideration of risk dynamics. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic runway overrun risk assessment model based on QAR data. We first consider the noise of aircraft trajectory data in the QAR parameters and present a landing trajectory correction method combining ground speed and runway position information. Second, to improve the accuracy of the risk assessment model, we design an algorithm to automatically recognize the aircraft autobrake level during the landing phase, based on which a new dynamic risk assessment model is developed. Finally, feature engineering is performed to extract the relevant contributing factors of runway overrun risk, based on which classification and regression models are applied to identify risky flights and predict the risk values. The proposed risk assessment model was evaluated using QAR data from an airline in China. The results show that the automatic deceleration rate, the way that the aircraft approaches the runway, the touchdown distance, and the kinetic energy at 50 ft are key factors in the risk of runway overrun during the landing phase.
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Han, Seung-Ju, Eun-Jeong Kim, and Mi-Kyung Kim. "Kano Model for Apartment-Unit Specialized Planning Guidelines to Prevent Infectious Diseases." Buildings 14, no. 3 (February 25, 2024): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030606.
Анотація:
Owing to the continued occurrence of infectious diseases, proactive prevention and management plans are required. This study aimed to develop design guidelines to effectively respond to infectious diseases based on the needs of apartment residents, which focused on a South Korean setting. The research method included a literature review to identify apartment planning concepts for preventing and managing infectious diseases, a survey of 300 participants using the Kano model, and an analysis of the quality attributes (QAs) of the survey results to prioritize design guidelines. After reviewing 20 studies, 65 items related to apartment-unit planning for infectious disease prevention, including 108 keywords, were identified. Using thematic analysis, the keywords converged into three planning concepts: hygiene, convenience, and comfort. Based on the literature review, 27 survey questions were derived, and a Kano model QA analysis was performed. As a result, 17 attractive QAs, two one-dimensional QAs, seven indifferent QAs, and one reverse QA were identified. Among these, 13 items that had a significant impact on residents’ satisfaction were classified as essential requirements, and the remaining 14 items were classified as recommended design guidelines. The results of this study provide insights into an evidence-based framework for complex building design guidelines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
38
Chang, Yinghui, and Changlong Liu. "Design of high-order QAM modem algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1865, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 042100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1865/4/042100.
39
Jong-Soo Seo and K. Feher. "SQAM: A New Superposed QAM Modem Technique." IEEE Transactions on Communications 33, no. 3 (1985): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1985.1096289.
40
Kuang-Tsan Wu and K. Feher. "256-QAM Modem Performance in Distorted Channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 33, no. 5 (May 1985): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1985.1096325.
41
Koukourlis, C. S. "Hardware implementation of a differential QAM modem." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 43, no. 3 (1997): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/11.632929.
42
Rong, Chuitian, Shuxin OuYang, and Huabo Sun. "Anomaly Detection in QAR Data Using VAE-LSTM with Multihead Self-Attention Mechanism." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8378187.
Анотація:
With the rapid development of the aviation industry, it is particularly important to ensure the safe flight of aircraft. How to find potential hazards in the process of aircraft flight has always been one of the important topics of civil aviation research. At present, the Quick Access Recorder (QAR) is the most widely used equipment to store the data recorded on aircraft. QAR data contain a lot of valuable and unexplored information, which records the true status of the aircraft in detail. Therefore, finding abnormal data from QAR data lays an important foundation for obtaining the cause of abnormality and providing a guarantee for flight. In this paper, in order to discover the abnormal information in the QAR data, we applied a VAE-LSTM model with a multihead self-attention mechanism. Compared to the VAE and LSTM models alone, our model performs much better in anomaly detection and prediction, detecting all types of anomalies. We conducted extensive experiments on real-world QAR data sets to prove the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed neural network model. The experimental results proved that our proposed model can outperform state-of-the-art models under different experimental settings.
43
Ahmad, Husham Jawad. "Performance Evaluation and Simulation of M-Ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Schemes with VisSim/Comm Software." Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal 3, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.v3n2y2019.pp58-63.
Анотація:
M-ary modulation schemes are considered one of widely used digital modulation in practice because of its high efficiency in power and bandwidth. Therefore, this necessity the need to study and evaluate the performance of M-ary schemes using simulation techniques. In this paper, the performance of M-ary modulations schemes M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is considered. Because of its efficiency in power and bandwidth, M-ary QAM (M-QAM) is one of the widely used modulation techniques in practice. Therefore, a need for studying and evaluating the performance of QAM modulation schemes is an important task for designers. In this paper, M-QAM modulation schemes for even number of bits per symbol (16, 62, and 256-QAM) and an odd number of bits per symbol (32- and 128-QAM), over Additive White Gaussian Noise channel, are studied. A VisSim/Comm simulation[1] model for M-QAM is designed. Theoretical and simulation results for bit error ratio (BER) performance of QAM modulation schemes are obtained using VisSim/Comm software. The results are evaluated and compared.
44
PEKER, Ayşe Esra, and Aysel YÜKSEL. "Türkiye’de Çevre Harcamalarının İklim Değişikliği Üzerindeki Etkisinin Mekânsal Veri Analizi ile Modellenmesi." Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi 29, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18657/yonveek.1165823.
Анотація:
ÖZ
Son yıllarda iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma dünya gündeminin ilk sıralarında yer alan konuların başında gelmektedir. Daha önceleri fark edilemeyen değişim küresel bir olguya dönüşerek gözle görülür bir hal almıştır. Yüzey sıcaklıkların küresel boyutta artış göstermesi ekosistemin dengesinin bozulmasına, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesine, kar ve buz örtüsünün eriyerek alanlarının daralmasına, salgın hastalıkların hızla artmasına doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak insanların sosyoekonomik yaşamını etkilemeye başlamıştır. Bu dönüşüm süreci gelişmişlik düzeyi ne olursa olsun, ekonomiler üzerinde ciddi maliyetleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Dünya ekonomisine farklı boyutta baskı uygulayan bu olgu son yıllarda ekonomileri uluslararası perspektiften ulusal boyuta hatta yerelden bölgesele yeni çevre politikaları oluşturmasına yönlendirmiştir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de yerel yönetimler tarafından gerçekleştirilen çevre harcamalarının ve tehlikeli madde bertarafına yönelik yaptıkları çalışmaların hava kalitesi üzerinde nasıl bir etki oluşturduğu konusunda mekânsal bir analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 2019 yılı esas alınmış ve değişkenlerin mekânsal dağılımı LİSA istatistiği yardımıyla ortaya koyulmuştur. Çalışma 81 ili esas alınmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada mekânsal veri analizi ile değişkenlerin 2019 yılı için hava kalitesine etkisi uygun model belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yerel yönetimler tarafından yapılan çevre harcamalarının hava kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği, iklim değişikliği farkındalığının yüksek olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Küresel Isınma, İklim Değişikliği, Yerel Yönetimler, Mekânsal Analiz
JEL Sınıflandırması: M31, Q20, Q30
45
Todd-Brown, Katherine, Bin Zheng, and Thomas W. Crowther. "Field-warmed soil carbon changes imply high 21st-century modeling uncertainty." Biogeosciences 15, no. 12 (June 18, 2018): 3659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3659-2018.
Анотація:
Abstract. The feedback between planetary warming and soil carbon loss has been the focus of considerable scientific attention in recent decades, due to its potential to accelerate anthropogenic climate change. The soil carbon temperature sensitivity is traditionally estimated from short-term respiration measurements – either from laboratory incubations that are artificially manipulated or from field measurements that cannot distinguish between plant and microbial respiration. To address these limitations of previous approaches, we developed a new method to estimate soil temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil carbon directly from warming-induced changes in soil carbon stocks measured in 36 field experiments across the world. Variations in warming magnitude and control organic carbon percentage explained much of field-warmed organic carbon percentage (R2 = 0.96), revealing Q10 across sites of 2.2 [1.6, 2.7] 95 % confidence interval (CI). When these field-derived Q10 values were extrapolated over the 21st century using a post hoc correction of 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) Earth system model outputs, the multi-model mean soil carbon stock changes shifted from the previous value of 88 ± 153 Pg carbon (weighted mean ± 1 SD) to 19 ± 155 Pg carbon with a Q10-driven 95 % CI of 248 ± 191 to −95 ± 209 Pg carbon. On average, incorporating the field-derived Q10 values into Earth system model simulations led to reductions in the projected amount of carbon sequestered in the soil over the 21st century. However, the considerable parameter uncertainty led to extremely high variability in soil carbon stock projections within each model; intra-model uncertainty driven by the field-derived Q10 was as great as that between model variation. This study demonstrates that data integration should capture the variation of the system, as well as mean trends.
46
Tiwari, Abhishek, and Anita Singh. "Synthesis and evaluation of possible mechanism of anti nociceptive potential of novel 2-quinolone fused 3,5-pyrazolidinedione derivatives in experimental animal models." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0001.
Анотація:
AbstractIn the present synthesis a series of 1-(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones were prepared. By the reaction of N-methylbenzenamine with diethyl malonoate 4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one were prepared, which on treatment with posphoryl chloride converted into 4-chloro-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one. Subsequently with substituted phenyl hydrazines 1-methyl-4-(2- substitutedphenylhydrazinyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one were obtained, which on reaction with diethyl malonate gave 1- (1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-substituted phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-diones. All structures were characterized by IR, 1HNMR & mass spectrometry. Further all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-nociceptive activity in mice by Eddy’s hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing response. All compounds have shown the activity. In hot plate model compounds QAA-04c and QAA-04d have given more activity than standard, whereas in case of acetic acid induced writhing model compounds QAA-04a and QAA- 04d have given significant analgesic activity which is comparable with the standard drug. Compound QAA-04b has shown least analgesic activity. Compound QAA-04a was almost equal in activity to the standard drug diclofenac sodium and was considered as the lead molecule.
47
Yue, Yang, Qiang Wang, and Jon Anderson. "Experimental Investigation of 400 Gb/s Data Center Interconnect Using Unamplified High-Baud-Rate and High-Order QAM Single-Carrier Signal." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 15, 2019): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122455.
Анотація:
In this article, we review the latest progress on data center interconnect (DCI). We then discuss different perspectives on the 400G pluggable module, including form factor, architecture, digital signal processing (DSP), and module power consumption, following 400G pluggable optics in DCI applications. Next, we experimentally investigate the capacity-reach matrix for high-baud-rate and high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) single-carrier signals in the unamplified single-mode optical fiber (SMF) link. We show that the 64 GBd 16-QAM, and 64-QAM signals can potentially enable 400 Gb/s and 600 Gb/s DCI application for 40 km and beyond of unamplified fiber link.
48
Kulkarni, Manasi B., Anagha M. Joshi та Rohini V. Patil. "A NOVEL HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CO-ENZYME Q10 AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION". International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, № 10 (1 жовтня 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i10.28828.
Анотація:
Objective: HPTLC Method for Simultaneous quantification of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol in bulk and capsule dosage form was developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization [(ICH) Q2 (R1)] guideline.Methods: The chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: chloroform (10:1:2 v/v/v) on Pre-coated silica 60F 254 plates and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 280 nm.Results: The Rf values were 0.77 and 0.87 for co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol, respectively. The linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 0.6µg-1.8 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 2 µg-6 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3154 and 0.9559 µg/band for α-tocopherol and 3.441 and 10.42 µg/band for co-enzyme Q10.Conclusion: Developed densitometric method was found to be robust, precise, accurate, and rapid and can be used to analyse fixed-dose capsule samples of co-enzyme Q10 and α-tocopherol.
49
Chen, Ying, Lifeng Fu, Min Han, Meiying Jin, Jiaying Wu, Li Tan, Zhong Chen, and Xiangnan Zhang. "The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Cordyceps sinensis Powder, Cs-C-Q80, on Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (December 18, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4362715.
Анотація:
Corbrin Capsule, a preparation of Cordyceps sinensis analogue, is a pleiotropic traditional Chinese patent medicine with the main component of fermentative cordyceps fungus powder (Cs-C-Q80). The neuroprotective effects of Cs-C-Q80, as a substitution of Cordyceps sinensis, have not been fully identified. The objectives of this study were to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Cs-C-Q80 in vascular dementia mice model. The efficacy of Cs-C-Q80 was investigated in a molecular level as well. The subcortical ischemic vascular dementia was modelled by permanent right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) in adult male mice. The animals were randomly divided and treated by gavage with vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) (rUCCAO model) or Cs-C-Q80 powder at 0.2 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg, respectively. Preventive treatment was administrated by gavage daily for 7 days before rUCCAO, while therapeutic treatment was administrated continuously from 28 days after rUCCAO. Object recognition test and Morris water maze test were performed to evaluate the learning and working memory. The luxol fast blue stain (Kluver-Barrera method) and immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP) were employed to determine the severity of white matter damage. Both preventive and therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80 protected against the rUCCAO-induced memory impair in mice as determined by object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The histopathological analyses revealed significant white matter rarefaction and reduction of MBP expression in corpus callosum after rUCCAO, which could be counteracted by either preventive or therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80. Moreover, the Cs-C-Q80 treatments inhibited rUCCAO-induced astrocytes activation and the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β expression, indicating the anti-inflammatory roles of Cs-C-Q80 against subcortical ischemia. Cs-C-Q80 is a potential preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. The underlying pharmacological efficacy might be associated with suppression of myelin degeneration, glia activation, and inflammatory cytokines release.
50
Khathir, Rita, Sarmedi Sarmedi, Bambang Sukarno Putra, and Raida Agustina. "Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tomat (Lycopersium esculentum Mill) berdasarkan Kandungan Total Padatan Terlarut dengan Model Arrhenius dan Q10." Rona Teknik Pertanian 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v12i1.12605.
Анотація:
Abstrak. Informasi umur simpan tomat sangat penting untuk proses penanganan pasca panennya sehingga dapat mengurangi resiko kerugian yang dihadapi oleh para petani dan pedagang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah model Arrhenius dan Q10 dapat digunakan untuk menduga umur simpan tomat berdasarkan nilai total padatan terlarut (TPT). Tomat segar terbaik yang diperoleh dari pasar induk disimpan dengan 3 variasi suhu ekstrim yaitu 50˚C, 60˚C dan 70 ˚C. Selama penyimpanan tersebut dilakukan pengamatan nilai TPT setiap 1 jam sekali, sampai keadaan tomat sudah tidak layak untuk dikonsumsikan lagi. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah refraktometer digital. Analisis model Arrhenius dilakukan dengan pendekatan persamaan linier. Pendugaan umur simpan dilakukan dengan metode Q10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Arrhenius perubahan TPT tomat adalah k = 7,46x1012. e -8666/T . Energi aktivasi perubahan TPT buah tomat adalah 17.158 kal/mol. Nilai Q10 diperoleh sebesar 2,18. Pendugaan umur simpan dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan ini baik menggunakan basis suhu penyimpanan 10 maupun 30 °C. Umur simpan tomat pada suhu 30 °C adalah 4,4 dan 5 hari, sedangkan umur simpan tomat pada suhu 10 °C adalah 21 dan 23,8 hari. Perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk menduga umur simpan tomat menggunakan parameter mutu lain seperti vitamin C dan kekerasan untuk meningkatkan validitas hasil pendugaan umur simpannya. The prediction of Tomato shelf life Based on Its Total Soluble Solid by Using Arrhenius and Q10 Model Abstract. The information about shelf life of tomato is necessary for its post harvest handling to reduce the loss facing by farmers and sellers. The study aimed to observe that the Arrhenius model and Q10 can be used to estimate the shelf life of tomatoes based on its total soluble solid (TSS). The fresh tomatoes obtained from the market were stored at three extreme temperatures i.e. 50˚C, 60 ˚C, and 70 ˚C. During the storing, the TSS was analyzed every hour, until the tomatoes quality was decreased. The TSS was observed by using refractometer. The Arrhenius model were evaluate through the TSS model in linier model. The shelf life estimation were calculated by Q10 method. Results showed that the Arrhenius model of TSS changes in tomatoes was k = k = 7.46x1012. e -8,666/T. The energy activation of TSS changes was about 17,158 kal/mol. The Q10 value was 2.18. The estimation of tomato shelf life can be run successfully by using the Arrhenius and Q10 approach, both at storage temperature basis of 10 and 30 °C. The shelf life of tomatoes at storage temperature 30 were 4.4 and 5 days, respectively, whereas at storage temperature 10 °C were 21 and 23.8 days, respectively. Therefore it is recommended for the further study to evaluate the other quality parameter changes such as vitamin C and hardness to improve the model.