Дисертації з теми "Mobilités urbaines – 2000-"
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Quiroga, Pamela. "Mobilités urbaines et inégalités : le cas des personnes âgées des quartiers populaires de Recife (Brésil)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20057/document.
In a highly segregated context, the study of residential practices and daily mobility point significant inequalities between individuals and allows to understand the various constraints people are facing. The analysis of inequalities mobility in the city of Recife, centred on elderly people who lives in popular neighbourhoods to mitigate significant effects of social hierarchy, raises the main characteristics of the place of residence of the extent of social or state of health of the people in achieving differentiated practices in the territory networks. Using interviews survey conducted in three poor areas of the city (Brasilit, Cordeiro and Vila Arraes), the thesis proposes to link residential practices, daily mobility and strategies of people to better understand the observed inequalities. The results shows a trend to low mobility of elderly people in particular because of the constraints encountered in everyday life. This trend is explained by desire to limit the constrained mobilities and reduce the daily mobility. This finding gradually leads to focus our study on analysing the forms of ‘immobility’ in the place of residence while trying to understand the issues of these practices on the lives of residents
Num contexto altamente segregado, o estudo das mobilidades residenciais e quotidianas revela desigualdades significativas entre os indivíduos e permite identificar as dificuldades de cada pessoa. A análise das desigualdades de mobilidade na cidade de Recife, com foco na população idosa das áreas pobres da cidade para atenuar os efeitos da hierarquia social, aponta a importância das características do lugar de residência, das redes sociais ou ainda da saúde dos habitantes no desenvolvimento de práticas diferenciadas no espaço urbano. A pesquisa realizada em três áreas pobres da cidade (Brasilit, Cordeiro e Vila Arraes) propõe articular as práticas residenciais com as mobilidades quotidianas e as estratégias dos habitantes para assim compreender as desigualdades observadas nessa escala. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam uma tendência de baixa mobilidade dos idosos, especialmente por causa das dificuldades encontradas no cotidiano, mas também por causa de uma vontade de limitar os deslocamentos constrangedores e reduzir a mobilidade diária. Esta última observação tem focado progressivamente nosso estudo na análise das formas de "imobilidade" tentando apreender os rebatimentos dessas práticas nas condições de vida dos habitantes
Adjeroud, Heythem. "La coexistence des services institutionnels et artisanaux de transport collectif à Mila (Algérie) : Approche par la géosimulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MON30003.
In the face of the socio-economic and environmental challenges of the 21st century, the optimization of urban transport systems is a major concern for public authorities globally.Situated within the context of Algerian medium-sized cities, this thesis aims to address the performance of an urban transport system where two forms of collective transport services coexist:- An institutional, structurally organized public network- An artisanal self-organized private networkFocused on Mila, a medium-sized city in northeastern Algeria, this work is grounded in a field survey involving 923 users, interviews with local stakeholders, and multi-agent modeling. Its objective is to assess the performance of the city's urban transport network and measure the capacity of its mixed configuration, reconciling public and private services, to meet the mobility needs expressed by residents.By analyzing the survey results and the simulations, this thesis decrypts the modes and operating logics of the two components of the system, as well as their competitive and complementary relationships, aiming to provide a better understanding of the issue. This paves the way for improvement proposals aimed at optimizing the system and enhancing its performance
Pentel, Alain. "Analyse économique de la mobilité résidentielle intra-urbaine dans l'agglomération lilloise." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-31.pdf.
Gilli, Frédéric. "Choix de localisation des entreprises et périurbanisation des emplois." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50374-2004-3.pdf.
Habouzit, Rémi. "La copropriété dégradée, le relogement et après ? Professionnels et habitants dans une opération rénovation urbaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV034/document.
Since 2003, more than 400 popular districts categorized as sensitive urban zones and 4 million inhabitants have become part of a program initiated by the Framework Act on Town Planning and Urban Renewal (so-called “Borloo law”). In order to achieve district transformation and social diversity, the program has led to demolition/rebuilding operations, the refurbishment of existing dwellings and the redefinition of public urban areas (street network and green spaces, etc.)The municipalities of Clichy-Sous-Bois and Montfermeil in the Seine-Saint-Denis region were part of this program. Whilst being the largest program in France (in terms of allocated budget and demolished dwellings), it also had the singularity to involve the destruction of dilapidated privately-owned buildings such as Les Bosquets in Montfermeil and La Forestière in Clichy-sous-Bois. All the new buildings reconstructed there are under social housing management.All re-housed inhabitants consequently moved from the status of owner-occupiers or private housing tenants to that of social housing tenants. In addition to their change in status, this situation implies regular interactions between these ‘displaced’people and the professionals (of the city, of nonprofit organizations, social landlords who operate in the area, in these buildings within the frame of pre- and post-rehousing accompaniment.Based on an analysis supported by interviews, observations and archives, this thesis aims at understanding the genesis of this policy as much as the effects of the will for district transformation through generalizing social housing, on professional practices and the trajectories of the re-housed inhabitants. To this end, archives and interviews help understanding that the degradation of the former co-ownership properties was attributable primarily to their conditions of marketing, construction and management. Yet, all the measures of public action, up to the signature of the urban renewal program, systematically present the inhabitants and their features (popular classes or migrants) as solely responsible for this deterioration.The ethnography of professional practices then shows how in the new homes the professionals use the interactions with the inhabitants to regulate the way they live there. This work is done with a view to avoiding new damage to the buildings.Eventually the interviews with the inhabitants (made before and after re-housing) illustrate how re-housing and the interactions with professionals destabilize them within their individual anchorages and shake the sense of hierarchies within this social group. While former owners made up the upper class in their previous housing, they now feel the most downgraded. Conversely, tenants who were the most dominated are today the most rehabilitated.Beyond empirical results, this analytical approach rates the issues of the thesis on sevral scales. First, this work illustrates how, in a constructivist perspective, these co-ownership properties and their inhabitants have been built as a problem and a category of public action. Then, starting from the practices of professionals, this thesis discloses how within the frame of urban policy, some forms of regulation and domination over certain targeted publics (here working classes and migrants) are still exerted. Finally this thesis is consistent with a sociology of popular classes who are attentive to their internal differences as much as to the various ways a measure of public action can be perceived
López, Santillán Ricardo. "Classe moyenne à Mexico : recomposition de l'espace social et urbain (1970-2000)." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030022.
For thirty years Mexico City has been the scene of overwhelming economic, social and cultural transformations. These transformations are interconnected with urban middle class recomposition. Based on items like household structure, social mobility, profession, labour market, income, expenses, consumption, neighborhood, leisure and consumption spaces, and symbolic order, we analyze and try to define the middle class of Mexico City. This approach demands to define urban middle class not in absolute terms but in comparison to other social classes. The analysis is made on two generations which allows to measure the social and urban impact of a new economic order
Agustina, Ratna. "Métropolisation, mobilité quotidienne et forme urbaine, le cas de l'agglomération de Bandung, Indonésie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF012/document.
This doctoral thesis focuses on the links between metropolitanisation, urban form and mobility in Bandung, Indonesia. Studies on the correlation between urban form and mobility behavior are largely developed with the cases of developed countries. However, there is a lack of prospective works on issues linking metropolisation, urban form and mobility in developing countries. Bandung is the third largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with more than 7 millions inhabitants. The metropolisation of Bandung is produced as a result of strong demographic and economic growth. Urban sprawl is reflected in Bandung by a process of low-density suburbanisation, resulting in the reduction of agricultural areas, impacting displacements as urban sprawl causes the increase in the length of displacements. Metropolisation thus transforms not only activities, spatial structure and urban form, but also affects mobility practices. The change of scale of the city and the increase of the activity thus results in an increase of the mobilities and exchanges. Displacements evolve according to the exchanges of the suburbs and the peripheries with each other and with the city-center, as well as possibilities of jobs and activities offered by the ponds of life. This thesis explores the daily mobility behaviors of populations living in the central city of the Bandung metropolitan area and in the suburbs, The methods used in this study are based on qualitative and quantitative analyses. The process of metropolisation is envisaged by taking as a starting point the demand for mobility of the population. The findings of this survey, which contradict several observations in developed countries, highlight the weight of socio-economic variables in explaining mobility behaviors
Letniowska-Swiat, Sylvie. "Mobilité de la population et recomposition de l'espace périurbain : le cas de la métropole lilloise." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50377-2002-31.pdf.
André, Georgina. "Temporalité de la métropolisation et appropriations locales : les mutations des secteurs résidentiels à Wuhan, une grande ville chinoise de l'intérieur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H010.
Following the national central cities policy launched in 2006, Wuhan Municipality, one of the biggest cities of Chinese interior provinces, has engaged into a metropolisation process. This dynamic differs from the metropolisation process of the costal Chinese cities : postponed for about 15 years, it selects some areas within itsmunicipal territory to enter an accelerated phase of development. The studies of residential neighbourhoods give some insights on the effects of this pace of development. Even though urban local areas are inequally integrated to the transport networks and to the urban modernity, local residential life benefits from enhanced urban services, facilities, employment opportunities and from the variety of available urban practices and urban environments. Still, this development fails to overcome accessibility gap between different urban residents especially between resident from and outside of Wuhan municipality. The overwhelming production of a standardized lifestyle and the steep increase of the cost of urban life challenge long-term prospect of a development that may benefit every resident
Séré, Seydou. "L’accès au logement des jeunes adultes à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) : pratiques et stratégies résidentielles." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20023.
Understanding the different residential practices and strategies of young adults is the objective of this study. The analysis focused on young adults (18-40 years old), the size of the active population and the difficult housing, in a logic of parental decohabitation, quest for autonomy and emancipation.To better understand this issue, a methodological approach, it was necessary to do a literature search, database, "Ouaga 2009", and to prepare for the different neighborhoods of the city of Ouagadougou. The state of the art and the regulatory framework and the housing market in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, have been highlighted. She made a contextual analysis based on datafrom the "Ouaga 2009" study. Then she analyzes the influence of the family and the entourage in the residential choice and the quest for residential autonomy. Residential strategies and trajectories as well as the current and future lifestyles of young adults from the neighborhood and housing are the topics discussed.The results of the research were carried out according to the process of decohabitation of the young people or were specified by age and more simply by marriage, by the evolution of the family relations, by the studies and the entry into the active life. He needs money to cope with the burdens that come with it. The majority of young people live in two-room dwellings. It appears that networks and the social network play an important role in determining the residential trajectories of young adults, including access to autonomy. Four standard trajectories in access to housing for young adults have been retained. This is the passage through the non-loti (whether or not it leads to housing in the loti sector), the use of real estate developers, self-construction or recourse to the state, through social housing. Non-loti and self-construction are the most developed strategies. Two main typologies of trajectory were identified in the study, these are activity-related trajectories and directional trajectories (center to the periphery). Concerning the forms of appropriation of housing, we were interested in the interior decoration of the living rooms. We have distinguished four types of decorations: religious, family, youthful and mixed decorations. The practice of neighborhood space near housing is strongly linked to social or religious events, work, entertainment and various purchases. The preferred means of movement to travel from the housing remains the motorcycle
Meyer, Anne-Marie. "Approche spatio-temporelle de l'organisation socio-résidentielle urbaine : Un exemple:l'agglomération de Hambourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/MEYER_Anne-Marie_2005.pdf.
The relation between the spatial and social dimensions of the city was one of the main questions of the School of Sociology of Chicago at the beginning of the 20th century. But the ability of the urban ecology models to take into account the current social evolutions often associated with the terms "individualisation" and "pluralisation of lifestyles" seems limited. The growing role of the lifestyles could be the reason for the emergence of an identity that becomes the base for a new structure of the urban society. In addition to the identification of an alternative mean of conceiving the urban population, this research also tries to analyse the socio-residential organisation from another angle. If any collective phenomenon is the result of the combination of micro level phenomena, we have to show how the multiple relations between the people and their place of residence produce involuntarily a global phenomenon, a complex urban socio-residential organisation made of population groups differentiated from the point of view of their characteristics and their localisations in the city. The proposed explanatory model is then applied to the agglomeration of Hamburg and is validated through two different methods. On the one hand, the use of multivariate statistical analyses helps us to improve the comprehension of the process of residential choice. The distribution of population groups defined by their lifestyles and their social and familial status is visualised by creating cartographic representations. On the other hand, all the components of the identified organisation are integrated in a multiagent system. At the conclusion of this work, the use of a structural and individualistic approach in order to apprehend the functioning of the urban socio-residential organisation seems to be justified. From the individual decisions about housing and living environment emerges a particular internal structure. But the study of Hamburg puts in a great measure into question the assumption of the increasing role of the lifestyle as a new dimension of the socio-residential organisation of the cities
Bachiri, Nabila. "L'étalement urbain et la mobilité quotidienne d'adolescentes et adolescents de territoires rurbains de la communauté métropolitaine de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24079/24079.pdf.
Tremblay-Breault, Martin. "Portrait évolutif et comparatif de la mobilité quotidienne des hommes et des femmes de la région urbaine de Québec : des changements entre 1996 et 2006?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30189/30189.pdf.
Godefroy, Stéphane. "Quelle mobilité pour les collégiens ? : étude des pratiques et des perceptions des déplacements scolaires et de loisirs." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-Godefroy.pdf.
Martin, Cilia. "Les temps de la (re)composition urbaine à Istanbul : à travers l’exemple du quartier de Kurtuluş de la fin de l’Empire ottoman à nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0046.
From the end of the Ottoman Empire to the present day, Kurtuluş, known to be a neighborhood inhabited by a lot of minorities, has witnessed a series of change concerning both ethno-religious, spatial and social terms as in terms of collective representations. Since the revitalization of the neighborhood's past, the area is widely described as a closed and isolated world in which the departure of the minorities, because of abuses inflicted on them, is seen as the major break in the neighborhood's history that then experiences a golden age and a period of decline. To their departure, is consistently opposed the arrival of migrants from Anatolia and international migration flows seen as responsible of the disfigurement of the city. Based on a study of mobility and urban memories, this thesis questions the grand narratives that characterize the history of the ancient quarters of Istanbul. Through a study of the physical and imaginary fabric of the neighborhood, defined as a variable-geometry space, this thesis questions the modalities and temporalities of urban recomposition while investigating the notion of rupture and event in urban history. The enlightenment of different times of the recomposition provides depth and elasticity to the urban changes while analyzing the fabrication of territories and its borders
Comtois-Rousseau, Émilie. "L'impact de la politique familiale de 1997 sur le choix de localisation des ménages québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26849/26849.pdf.
Collet, Anaïs. "Générations de classes moyennes et travail de gentrification : changement social et changement urbain dans le Bas Montreuil et à la Croix-Rousse, 1975-2005." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933954.
Turcotte, Simon. "Influence des attitudes, des préférences et des contraintes sur la localisation résidentielle des ménages en contexte d'étalement urbain dans la région de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38220.
"L'étalement urbain et la mobilité quotidienne d'adolescentes et adolescents de territoires rurbains de la communauté métropolitaine de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24079/24079.pdf.