Дисертації з теми "Mobilité sociale – Aspect économique"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Mobilité sociale – Aspect économique".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Santelli, Emmanuelle. "Des cheminements sociaux aux constructions de trajectoires professionnelles : histoires familiales, relations sociales et mobilité : des cadres et des entrepreneurs d'origine algérienne." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20023.
Повний текст джерелаFrom algeria to france, and through the professional courses of children whose parents were algerian immigrants, the families social courses are recalled and analysed. The caracteristic of the persons interviewed in this investigation is to be a manager or a business owner in france today. From this professionnal status, one of the main hypothesis lies in checking out the repercussion of family handing down in the social courses achieved inside the french community. Different social practices, such as matrimonial union, sociability, clubs involvement and both professional and residential mobility have been analysed in order to study the elaboration of those choices and directions. In the same way "choices" were to be made (a possible change of nationality, relationship to algeria, etc. ) according to the courses realised by those persons in the french community and according to the representation they have from the ones of their parents. The intergenerational approach is then favoured, through the space-times taken into consideration, in order to understand the family and social constellations from which the social processes are worked out
Bossuroy, Thomas. "Quatre essais sur la dynamique des structures sociales et politiques en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe first chapter uses household surveys to set down a measurement of intergenerational mobility between the farm and non-farm sectors in Ghana, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. The differences between former French and former British colonies (the latter displaying a much higher level of social fluidity) result from different educational and settlement policies implemented by the colonizers, which impacted educational, geographical and in turn occupational mobility. The second chapter explores the individual incentives to identify to the ethnic group, by using recent surveys from seven West-African countries. Education and a strategic use of kinship networks by underprivileged people and the migrants stand out as the main driving forces. Ethnic identification may be viewed as an instrument for upward mobility when formal means of social achievement are failing The third chapter investigates whether ethnicity drove the election results of the 2004 presidential poil in Ghana, and therefore uses several datasets matched at the district level. An ethnic and a non-ethnic model are compared. Ethnicity explains the structure of votes slightly better, but does not rule out the non-ethnic model. But the ethnic mode! fails to account for the evolution of votes between two polls, which is the result of evaluative voting. Non-ethnic determinants thus appear to drive the pivotal voter and, therefore, election outcomes. The fourth chapter argues that studies on the African political economy should focus less on structural features like ethnic fragmentation and neopatrimonialism, and more on how political and economic inequalities shape the dynamics of social structures
Viaud, Jean. "Changement des représentations sociales ou déplacement social des sujets dans l'espace des représentations ? : étude longitudinale des représentations sociales de l'économie." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H067.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez, Zavala Tatiana. "Essays on Mexican Migration to the US." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2150/document.
Повний текст джерелаChapter 1Local Development and the Decision to Migrate : Evidence from Mexican Migration to the USMexican migration to the United States is one of the largest migration phenomena and subject to a wide range of studies having reached more than 11 million of Mexican immigrants in the US, which accounts for nearly a tenth of Mexico’s population and a third of all US foreign-born population. Despite having been widely studied, this paper contributes the scarce literature of the supply-side perspective. The paper is comprised by a simple game theoretic model which aims at illustrating the relationship between development outcomes and the decision to migrate and hence to motivate and provide a framework for the empiricalanalysis. Furthermore, the model incorporates a factor that has been recently shown to play a part on the migration decision : organized crime. Recent kidnapping of migrants suggest a new risk affecting trajectories, while a more violent environment may contribute to push migrants away from their homes. We test the model’s findings empirically using household survey data and propose different effects for legal and illegal migrants, as defined by the type of documents used to enter the US. The results from the illegal migrant subsample are in line with our theoretical framework and support the importance of local development variables as a determinant of migration.Chapter 2Foreign Aid, Illegal Migration and Organized CrimeThrough this chapter, the link between foreign aid, illegal migration and development is studied in a game-theoretic framework. We model a sequential game of a foreign government that decides its border control and foreign aid policies, which are known to source country government deciding on the level of investment in domestic development. In this particular framework, aid is used to fight crime organizations in the source country, as it represents a negative externality for the donor. Potential migrants then make their migration decisions after observing both government’s expenditure decisions, which have an impact on the probability of success. The model suggests migration flows are reduced by development expenditure and that the existence of organized crime, reduces the optimal level of aid allocated as crime works as an additional tool for reducing illegal migration. The model isthen tested empirically through a simultaneous equation model using cross-country data on migrant sending countries to eveloped donor countries. Most model predictions are supported by our empirical specification, suggesting indeed a reduction in aid allocation when migration and crime are high.Chapter 3The fall of mobility when moving : A study of social mobility of Mexican migrants to the US This chapter aims to study the impact of parental migration on their children. In concrete, we intend to infer the causal impact of US migration on the intergenerational transmission of education in Mexico. Social mobility and migration had only been analyzed comparingimmigrants and natives in the destination country. Thus, targeting the migrant population from the source-country perspective, our paper contributes the literature with a unique study of the effects of migration on the educational mobility of the left behinds. Using household survey data, we look at the educational attainment of individuals in Mexico and compare it to that of their parents and according to the parents migration status during their childhood. We exploit historical data to solve for the endogeneity of the decision to migrate through an instrumental variables approach, which allows us to draw causal inference of our results. Our results show that, although attractive on the short-term through the alleviation of current poverty, migration may be detrimental to the equality of opportunities on the long-run
Commenges, Hadrien. "L'invention de la mobilité quotidienne : aspects performatifs des instruments de la socio-économie des transports." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070052.
Повний текст джерелаCurrent technical reports and transportation policies strongly emphasize the need to reduce automobile dependency and to encourage collective and human-powered modes. At the end of the 1950s, quantification and modelling methods are imported from United States by engineers of the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées in a very different socio-technical context. These methods aimed to justify the development of the road network, considering collective and human-powered modes as residuals. This half-century of change can be seen as the evolution of a socio-technical controversy in which technical devices play a crucial role. This thesis aims to study the technical and conceptual tools developed in order to grasp the mobility phenomenon. It is about better understanding daily mobility in two linked perspectives: knowledge and action. How do we know what we believe we know about daily mobility? How what we know about daily mobility impacts our actions and policies?
Maitilasso, Annalisa. "« Prêts à partir ». Histoires de mobilité transnationale en temps de crise : le cas malien." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0015/document.
Повний текст джерелаBased on a multi-sited ethnography, this thesis studies the movements of Malian migrants that arrived to Spain since 1990. The people, their strategies, the locations, and the material and symbolic conditions of their complex movements make also part of this research. Looking into the broad space of circulation, from Mali and their neighboring countries, to the European countries, I have identified a terrain for observing the mobility of migrants inside their social context. Spain, during the economic crisis, with the unemployment and social precariousness is the key point, in space and time, of my study.In this context of rapid evolution, we observe today a new cycle of national and transnational mobility. Facing the reduction of the economic sectors that used to provide work in the past, a growing number of Malian migrants make circulation and mobility their key resource, allowing them to engage in business deals and trade in a larger geographical area. The suburban trips looking for short term jobs, the trips to different countries to sell second hand products, or the seasonal trips for working in agriculture, are just few examples of an economy of the mobility, that blurs the limits between migration and international commerce. I made specific attention to the way the migrants understand their circulation practices, and to the evolution of the imaginary of mobility.From the migrant standpoint, mobility seems to make part of a strategy of reconstruction of emigrational paths exposed to precariousness; in some cases, it becomes a way to gradually face the return to their home countries avoiding the pitfalls of a long term stay there. Following these itineraries and gathering their histories we discover the variety and the thrill, but also the fragility of the different social, familiar and economic balances built on mobility. These balances take us to the urgency of reformulating the relationship with the spaces and the societies created around new and unusual situations and in constant evolution
Bocarejo, Juan Pablo. "Évaluation économique de l'impact des politiques publiques liées à la mobilité : les cas de Paris, Londres, Bogotá et Santiago." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937668.
Повний текст джерелаDias, Pierre. "Les représentations spatiales de la ville et les mobilités quotidiennes au prisme des positions sociales : une approche socio-cognitive des ségrégations socio-spatiales." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG003/document.
Повний текст джерелаEver since the earliest forms of urbanism, cities have been shaped by ideological constructs that impact the everyday life of individuals and socio-spatial segregations. This PhD thesis focuses specifically on how positions in the social structure are objectified in the representations and everyday practice of urban space. Based on study of five different socio-spatial representations among University of Strasbourg staffers, it evidences a principle of structural homology between the cognitive, spatial and social dimensions of the individual-environment relationship. Some groups have a functional relationship to the city that reflects the complexity of the places they frequent. Conversely, others have an evaluative relationship that focuses on ‘emblematic’ places. These two relationships are markers of these groups’ social identities. Whereas the former are dominated and may seek to enhance their status through their practices, the latter are dominant and do so by making reference to the global city and comparing their city to others. The identity stakes of socially internalized spatial practices and representations ultimately contribute to segregation
Sossou-Agbo, Anani Lazare. "La mobilité dans le complexe fluvio-lagunaire de la basse vallée de l'Ouémé au Bénin, en Afrique de l'Ouest." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995697.
Повний текст джерелаSonet, Virginie. "Les usages sociaux et les logiques économiques de l'audiovisuel sur smartphone." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020049.
Повний текст джерелаWatching and delivering video contents on smartphone is a complex phenomenon because it is forming as we investigate it. Both dimensions of mobility and hybridization characterize this new media territory and this thesis explains how their contribution leads to the construction of the social uses and the economic logics. Through several qualitative surveys based on interviews with users and professionals and a long term observation of the TV offers on this new screen, this research analyzes how the users on one hand and the broadcasting industry (TV networks) on the other hand, seize this new screen.This new audiovisual field is put into perspective by drawing up its offers overview and the first observed uses. An original reading of the audiovisual field evolution with the prism of technological, economical and use disruptions is then presented, and the construction of our scientific position is described, by explaining the interdisciplinary approach.Therefore, this research highlights that the mobility contributes to the appropriation of the smartphone as an audiovisual screen, essentially through the dimensions of context, as well as technological, commercial and social constraints. It also analyzes how the techno-economic environment, generated by the mobile platforms (Apple and Google), constrains the deployment of French TV networks’ business models on this new screen. With the dimension of hybridization, this thesis explains that the uses are expanding through the interlacing of communication, connection and audiovisual uses. Therefore, Television Networks try to conquer the attention of smartphone users by providing enhanced applications, by spreading in Social Networking Sites and by developing interactive systems between the smartphone and theTV set. But, these new aggregations often come with adverse economic implications
Maitilasso, Annalisa. "“Prêts à partir”. Histoires de Mobilité transnationale en temps de crise: le cas malien." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/96212.
Повний текст джерелаSefrioui, Sofia. "Les migrations étudiantes des pays en développement vers les pays développés, efficience et équité : étude dans le cas particulier des flux d'étudiants vers la France." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE009.
Повний текст джерелаIIn early 90's, student mobility in the world involved more than one million individuals : nearly two percent of all students were pursuing higher education outside their home country. The predominant pattern of international student migrations is based on asymetric flows from developing countries to developed ones. These flows were originally designed to statisfy the needs of sending countries in term of higher learning and knowledge transfer. However, the student flows are now increasingly less organized and submited to severe regulations from host countries. The main subject of this present thesis is to describe this phenomenon through a study of the role and strategy of each actor involved in the process and to set up a cost-benefit analysis of foreign studies. The work was mainly based on human capital concepts, migration models and social welfare theory. Our statistical studies brought us to establish a world panorama of student flows as regards their impact both in sending and in host countries. The work also includes the building and testing of a model explaining the intensity and destination of the student migrations from developing countries to developed countries and a model explaining foreing postgraduates return rates to homeland
Houillon, Vincent. "Crise et population : l'exemple du Valenciennois : étude de démogéographie et de géographie sociale d'un espace en difficulté." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50377-1998-228.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYousfi, Badr-Eddine. "Dynamiques urbaines, mobilités et transports dans le Sud-ouest algérien (wilayas d'Adrar et de Bechar)." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1007/document.
Повний текст джерелаBetween a regional perspective of the territorial (spatial) planning and a geopolitical vision of the region " Sahel, the Maghreb ", the Algerian State made a commitment since the second decade of its independence not only to develop transport in the Saharan zones but also to set up the necessary equipments for the economical and social development of these zones, by serving almost the totality of the urban areas. In the Southwest, this dynamics remodelled profoundly the relational space in Saoura, Gourara and Touat.Structured formerly by the roads of the trans-Saharan caravan business, this space opens up, attributes new functions and becomes urbanized. A new reorganization of the space is set up in the urban, rural and regional scale in which the city recomposes and constitutes the insertion engine of these territories in the national space. Supported by a new road transport network, the urban dynamics in the Algerian Southwest contributed to revitalize the intra-Saharan mobility, and so it is redefining not only new spatial relations between the city and its back country but also between the South and the North. The succession of a new human component in urban areas has entrained the changes of the social reports in the local company and the development of new practices and consumer behaviors. The question of mobility centers essentially around certain known logics: Political, economic, social and cultural, but it is especially the product of unknown strategies, practices and stakes
Canepari, Eleonora. "La construction du pouvoir local : élites municipales, relations sociales et transactions économiques dans la Rome moderne (1550-1650)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675360.
Повний текст джерелаMeite, Youssouf. "Gouvernance du transport urbain et mobilité durable dans le district d'Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG009/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Abidjan, the supply of urban transport, dominated by small -scale units alongside modes of mass transit public company remains insufficient for a growing urban population. The urban transport system is characterized by low adapted and degraded infrastructure with a high level of air pollution. Analysis of transactional relationships among stakeholders highlights conflicts of jurisdiction in the governance of urban mobility. These conflicts, which constitute sources of blockage in the official regulation, lead to uncoordinated actions and give rise to the spontaneous creation of a parallel regulation (by the transport unions) in urban stations. Despite these constraints and limitations, this mobility can be part of a logic of sustainability and meet a social need for movement of people especially as it has development potential that only the willingness of all stakeholders can emerge
Cano, Liliana. "Income inequality, top income shares and economic mobility : Ecuador 2004-2011." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10040.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics of income distribution in contemporary Ecuador. We defend the thesis that income inequality has declined both at functional and personal level over the last years. However, based on the recent top incomes and wealth accumulation literature and methods we show that the level of income inequality in this country is still very high. The first chapter of this thesis reviews the literature on income and wealth distribution and offers new estimates of wealth-to-income ratios and capital share of income for the 2007-2013 period thanks to national balance sheets. In the second chapter, we construct top income shares series for the period 2004-2011 thanks to micro-level tax return data. We analyze the recent trends of top incomes, their composition, the evolution of average real incomes, and we discuss the methodological challenge of working with tax data and survey data when the main objective is to capture top incomes. In the third chapter, we examine intragenerational income mobility both at the top and middle of the distribution and we analyze the main determinants of income mobility. In the last chapter of this thesis, we study whether tax policy, through progressive income taxation, is helping to reduce inequality in this country
Franc, Carine. "Protection sociale et redistribution." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10038.
Повний текст джерелаCiriani, Stéphane. "Accumulation de capital humain, dynamique des inégalités et mobilité intergénérationnelle." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020062.
Повний текст джерелаL'objet de cette thèse est d'analyser l'impact du mode de financement du capital humain sur la croissance économique, les inégalités et l'efficience. Nous considérons à cet effet une économie à générations d'agents altruistes et hétérogènes, dans un cadre d'équilibre partiel. Les agents sont hétérogènes en termes de capital humain et d'aptitudes à l'apprentissage et la transmission intergénérationnelle du capital humain génère des effets externes qui influencent l'accumulation individuelle. Lorsque la qualité du capital humain est uniforme, le financement de l'éducation peut être stratifié ou intégré. Il existe un troisième régime de financement, intégré et différencié, pour lequel la qualité du capital humain dépend du niveau d'aptitude. L'étude des propriétés de long terme de la distribution du capital humain montre que la transition entre deux régimes de financement distincts peut être complètement déterminée par la dynamique des inégalités et de la mobilité intergénérationnelle. Le rendement espéré de l'investissement en capital humain et la stratification ont plusieurs effets sur l'évolution dynamique de l'économie. L'allocation optimale des ressources est ensuite obtenue dans chaque régime de financement. Dans une économie différenciée, le taux de financement est déterminé par l'électeur médian ou l'électeur pivot. L'étude de la convergence du capital humain agrégé permet de montrer qu'une économie intégrée et différenciée est préférable à une économie intégrée et uniforme et à une économie stratifiée et uniforme en terme de croissance, mais qu'à l'horizon temporel infini, une économie stratifiée et uniforme peut dominer une économie intégrée et différenciée en termes d'accumulation de capital humain agrégé et d'efficience
Fleurbaey, Marc. "Une contribution à la théorie économique de l'équité." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0098.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis has two parts. The first one contains a general presentation of normative economics. It covers topics such as social choice, utilitarianism vs. Egalitarianism, inequality measurement, the debate on welfarism, libertarianism, marxian exploitation, bargaining theory, and no-envy. The second part examines the non-welfarist theories of equality (rawls, sen. . . ). It starts with the problem of compensation for handicaps, studied in three chapters. The fourth chapter revisits the philosophical aspects of the debate. In the last chapter an application to direct taxations, which focuses on individual budget sets, is proposed
Marques, Nicolas. "Sécurité sociale ou protections sociales : une analyse économique institutionnelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32011.
Повний текст джерелаGagné, Annabelle. "La migration et le développement dans une municipalité maya du Yucatán : Des possibilités envisageables, une accessibilité relative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30247/30247.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is about the effects of economic globalization on a highly marginalized rural population. More specifically, it examines the relations between development and migration in a municipality of Southern Yucatan, in Mexico. The author tries to reveal what fosters or hinders people to participate in development projects and to migrate toward national destinations or to another country. Gender, ethnicity – more specifically language capabilities –, and socioeconomic status are important elements for understanding participation in those activities. The most excluded women, targeted by development agencies, seem to be unable to take part in the projects and they migrate with more difficulties. Ethnicity also plays an important role. In the community of Chacsinkín, almost everyone speaks the maya language, but Spanish as a second language is a facilitating factor for participation in development projects and migration. Finally, participation in development projects and migration is influenced by socioeconomic status and are easier for those who are included in the most powerful political and economic networks.
Bourreau-Dubois, Cécile. "Analyse microéconomique de la dynamique de participation aux revenus minima : la question des enchainements." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20010.
Повний текст джерелаHis point of my ph. D. Dissertation is the study of short term recidivism in welfare system. To study this topic, I divided my analysis in two parts: the first one is theoretical, the second one is empirical. In the first part of my thesis, i study the decision to return to welfare in two ways. In the first chapter, I develop two static conceptual frameworks: in one hand, a model of welfare behavior which is derived from the job search theory, in the other hand, a model of welfare behavior which emphasizes the role of uncertainty. In the second chapter, I analyses how welfare spell length could affect decisions by modeling ones constraints and preferences. In the second part of my thesis, I measure and explain short term recidivism. I use longitudinal data from a French panel, + i. E. Panel des ménages lorrains ; which is available for six years (1985- 1990). In the third chapter, I develop criterions to measure the size of this phenomenon in our data basis. The fourth chapter is a descriptive and parametric analysis of recidivism in the French system. I find that repeat dependency on welfare is determined by a weak and unstable standard of living
Uhalde, Marc. "Crise sociale et transformation des entreprises." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PAO90066.
Повний текст джерелаThe research in "Social Crisis and Enterprise Transformation" focuses on organizational crisis that arises when companies modernize their internal management mechanisms. Built around four specific case studies, this research indicates that this "organizational crisis" can become endemic and long-term as individuals struggle to maintain their organizational identity throughout the change process. In addition, "Social Crisis and Enterprise Transformation" shows that the degree of an "organizational crisis" has a direct relation to current company work mechanisms, particular styles of Change Management, and an organization's unique tradition and culture
Madrisotti, Francesco. "L'étape marocaine des self-made migrants. La recherche d'une émancipation économique et sociale par la mobilité." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH082/document.
Повний текст джерелаBased on an ethnographic field, made between 2010 and 2015 in the Tangier city, this research seeks to find out how the West African moves excluded of the circuits of the mainstream migration, and the economical practices they use in order to move. I describe these individuals as the self-made-migrants, whom not having access to the economical, administrative and social resources to move, they create by they own means, a transnational and subordinate mobility made by stages and border circumventions. This mobility is understood as a project, and a way to “seek their life”. For them, this expression means to look autonomously new social and economic opportunities to become the main character of their destiny. This quest is not lead by the destination but by the will of “going out” and move in an indefinite elsewhere, which becomes the catalyst of the imaginations of success of these migrants. This mobility is made by stages, through discoveries, explorations, and roundtrips. The migrants create, step by step, singular journeys by constantly reformulating the itinerary, in order to respond to the opportunities and the difficulties they found on their quest. In this research I explore the relationship between this transnational subordinated mobility and the economical practices created by the migrants in order to continue the trip. These economical strategies take part of the economics of poverty, defined by lowest and random incomes, and by a lack of protection. I’ll show that these strategies are link to the regular economy and are related to other forms of mobility found in the Tangier region. These strategies are also easy to transpose and adapt to other contexts in other steps of the journey. The self-made migrants are the actors of a subordinated mobility based on a precarious economy that nonetheless allows them to continue their transnational journey and their pursuit of an economic and social emancipation. Key Words: self-made-migrants, migration, transnational mobility, economics of the mobility, precarious economy, social and economic emancipation, stage, Morocco
Brahimi, Ali. "Analyse économétrique de la mobilité géographique de formation et d'emploi des étudiants : l'exemple des étudiants des filières juridiques, économiques, de gestion et d'administration économique et sociale." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10059.
Повний текст джерелаThe research undertaken aims to provide an analytic description of the geographical mobility of "training and employment" of college students. Supplying with a set of conceptual tools, we have elaborated a statistical and economic framework allowing bringing a light on this question, as well as a number of replies elements. The human capital approach has been privileged as our theoretical basis. Despite its limits, this approach appears to be the most adequate means to describe, analyze and understand the migratory behaviour of the observed population. Two levels of analysis, micro and macro, have been retained, allowing distinguishing two different aspects of migration. The first concerns decision aspects and individual behaviour and the second description of flows. These two aspects raise of course, questions of different nature. Such methodological option allows enriching considerably the analysis. Empirically, the work is essentially based on the estimation of probabilistic, statistical and mathematical models as well as on the use of methods of data analysis in order to take into account the reality of the observed movements. Thus, we have been able to explain the effect of individual characteristics on the migration decision, and therefore their impact on the migratory process. Similarly, we have studied the geography of the movement and space distribution of flows. Moreover, the attraction and/or repulsion power intrinsic to regions as well as the influence of the regional attributes and the distance effect are clearly shown up. So, this modelling approach can be considered as a statistical test of a descriptive model. It allows us to interpret the trajectory of observed flows by giving them both characterization and an economic sense
Miffre-Viton, Marie-Laure. "Mobilité et sédentarité : itinéraires familiaux et évolution sociale et économique,le cas d'Orcemont au dix-huitième siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS002S.
Повний текст джерелаOrcemont is a small village located in ' Ile de France '. Like many other villages in the region its population is composed mainly of mobile families about which we have little information. In order to address this deficiency, the following study tackles the analysis of the village population on an economic and social basis. This approach allows us to collect data about the heads of the household, as a whole while also collectiong more specific data on the transient 0rcemontois or 0rcemontois by adoption and especially which geographical area they come from, their rythm of migration, their ability to sign documents, their influence and integration in the village
Rapoport, Benoît. "Altruisme et pression sociale dans la famille gabonaise." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010026.
Повний текст джерелаCatherine, Alain Jean-Daniel. "Analyse économique de la solidarité." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10071.
Повний текст джерелаGarcette, Nicolas. "Instabilité sociale et développement." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0060.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is about crime in developing countries and its eventual links with some economical variables, income distribution in particular. Chapter I is a large literature review on crime economics. Chapter II studies the effects of income distribution and job market (participation, unemployment, underemployment, informality) on the crime rates in Argentina between 1991 and 2004. Chapter III presents a theoretical model on the relationship between income distribution and private and public protection. Chapter IV is the counterpart of Chapter II. We analyze the link between criminal victimization and income, using the crime victimisation surveys conducted annually between 1996 and 2001 in Argentina
Rousselière, Damien. "L'économie sociale dans l'organisation et la coordination des activités productives : le cas du secteur culturel." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21017.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to investigate the cultural sector (cultural industries and alive spectacle) in France and in Quebec, in order to show in what the various institutionalists economic theories are likely to account for the diversity of the forms of enterprises. Our analysis relates more precisely to the "social economy" (associations, co-operatives, mutual insurance companies). We use various statistical methods (instrumental variables and "matching" based on propensity score with data from national surveys (INSEE, France & Ministère de la Culture du Québec); textual data analysis with data from business and activities reports). We established three stylized facts with a general validity (relation between implication and cultural consumption ; specific place of the social economy on certain activities ; plurality of the motivations of the stakeholders). The various institutionalisms (rational choice institutionalism, conventionalist institutionalism and historical institutionalism) were then confronted with these facts. We highlight the need for an articulation of these different theoretical frameworks
Zniber, Myrième. "Petite production marchande et formes d'intégration au capital dans une formation sociale dépendante : le cas de l'agriculture au Maroc." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100137.
Повний текст джерелаMendoume, Charles. "Contribution à l'analyse des modes de financement des organismes de sécurité sociale des pays francophones membres de la zone CIPRES : le cas du Gabon." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT4014.
Повний текст джерелаHeim, Arthur. "Social investment and the changing face of poverty : essays on the design and evaluation of family and social policies in France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0027.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores early childcare and activation policies, fundamental within the social investment paradigm, through two large field experiments in France, supported by the National Family Allowance Fund.In the first chapter, with Julien Combe, we consider access to daycare as a matching problem. We propose market design models to define assignment mechanisms and analyse the consequences of design choices in a field experiment. The problem is akin to school choice, but specific constraints affect the definition and scope of stable matchings. Our algorithms provide Student Optimal Fair Assignments (SOFA) in different versions of the problem. Our analysis focuses on the Matthew effect, demonstrating how design and policy choices influence it. Our tools promote fairness and transparency in assignment processes.Chapters 2 and 3 analyse data from an intensive experimental programme aimed at low-income single-parent families in France, implemented from 2018 to 2022.In Chapter 2, I analyse the effects on labour market participation and poverty, and how wrong we would have been not to use a randomised controlled trial. The analyses reveal initially negative effects that diminish over time. Participants have higher employment rates than other comparison groups, but this difference is entirely due to selection bias. This bias is so strong that estimates using the next best identification strategy - modern doubly robust differences-in-differences - fail to include experimental estimates within confidence intervals. Overall, the programme has no average effect on labour market participation and poverty after the end of the training. There are heterogeneous treatment effects by number of children at baseline.In Chapter 3, with Alexandra Galitzine, we challenge the narrative of "making work pay" for single-parent families in France. The 2019 reform of in-work benefits (Prime d'activité) was adopted contemporaneously with this programme. The intervention directly provided individualized and detailed information on the socio-fiscal system in a year-long support programme, likely to have further reduced various barriers to employment. We use this experiment to measure low-income single-parent families' reactions to incentives after the reform.Our primary contribution lies in estimating counterfactual distributions using experimental assignment variations. We find high labour income elasticities for participants, indicating significant disincentives to employment and increased in-work poverty. The programme's effects on family structure vary based on the number of children, highlighting the complex interplay between policy incentives and poverty dynamics. We coined the term "Assistaxation" to describe the phenomenon of heavily taxing the economic, physical, and mental resources of those accessing public assistance, leaving them with little means to escape
Commenges, Hadrien. "L'invention de la mobilité quotidienne. Aspects performatifs des instruments de la socio-économie des transports." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923682.
Повний текст джерелаFaivre, Emmanuel. "Infrastructures autoroutières, mobilité et dynamiques territoriales." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1024.
Повний текст джерелаThe motorway sector wonders about the relations between the new practices of mobility, the conditions of space accessibility and the dynamic territorial ones. On the one hand, the old and discussed question of the structuring effects of the motorways arises about the localization of the economic activities. A systemic modelling of the interactions between motorway and system of localization was worked out to lead to a grid of analysis. Its objective is to avoid the methodological and theoretical problems of a vision deterministic of the role of the infrastructures of transport on the local development. On the other hand, the impact of the "35 hours" on flows, questions the managers of the motorway networks. Employee's talks identify their new behavior of mobility as well as the representation that they are done some. The RTT modifies their displacements with a specific turning for each one of them (intensity of the changes, new temporalities of displacements)
Casamatta, Georges. "L'économie politique de la protection sociale et de la redistribution." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10052.
Повний текст джерелаDavid, Maurício Dias. "Dynamique et permanence des exclusions sociales au Brésil : l'économie des pauvretés, des inégalités et de l'accumulation des richesses dans le Brésil contemporain." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131011.
Повний текст джерелаKolacinski, David. "L'économie des droits de l'homme." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10052.
Повний текст джерелаPriet, Christian. "Les Rennais aux XIXème siècle : recherches sur les comportements démographiques et sociaux de la Monarchie de Juillet aux débuts de la IIIème République : (1831-1875)." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20025.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 19th century, the social distribution of the population of rennes, though doubling in volume, doesn't undergo any significant change : if the privileged classes (merchants, professionals, senior officials, land-owners) enjoy a modest, but increasing fortune, most of the inhabitants, skilled or unskilled workers, live in very poor conditions : bouts of hard and endless work, with low wages interspersed by seasonal unemployement, alcoholism and bad health, criminality, superstition and ignorance. Rennes is a +graveyard of the race ; : mortality's horrifying during the demographic crises (cholera, war of 1870) strikes also during more stable periods because of infantile mortality. Many people die in hospital, but, os years go fey, mortatity slowly decreases and the average age of death increases. In spite of the presence of many unmarried mothers, childbirth remains moderate because of the systematic pattern of late marriages : people have fewer and fewer children. The permanent negative natural growth is compensated by migrants coming from the nearby countryside or neighbouring regions. Finally, the individual and family's paths, which we were able to reconstitute during our research about the social distribution, show an apparently high social mobility linked to geographic mobility. Reality was less exciting for the popular classes in spite of the existence of some spectacular but rare cases of social rise, most of the people of rennes stagnate in the low levels of society
Tucci, Walter. "La mobilità sociale nella società contadina della campagna torinese (XVII secolo)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0008.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on issues of social and geographical mobility and the mechanisms that make them possible in a rural society of the Ancien Régime, in the seventeenth century. The case study is the rural community of Lucento, ancient medieval fief located on the territory of the city of Turin the capital of the Duchy of Savoia that’s becoming the main economic and administrative center of the western Piedmont. The expansion of the city produces irreversible affects on the surrounding countryside : the demand for food products and most of all forage and hay (yields are high thanks to the cultivation of clover) promotes the rapid transformation of agrarian contracts, declining sharecropping and progress rentals farms employing wage labor, the formation of a rural middle class. Combining macro analysis (price developments, land and urban market, land revenue/farm income, wages) and techniques of microhistory, this thesis make it possible to observe in the seventeenth an experience so rare : a strong urban growth in its component “rural” or “not urban”. The analysis of the spatial diversity of technical options (the case of the manure is the most striking), contractual choice, the evolution of exploitations and most of all flows of people, lead to both a microanalysis of individual and family trajectories, sharecropper and tenant farmer, and the phenomena of mobility between urban and rural society. Finally, thanks to the identification of structural phenomena, the role of Turin recalled here the farms of Bassin Parisiens as well as the effects of english migration in London in the early modern history
N'Simba, Ludovic. "L'envie et la frustration sociale, des obstacles au développement économique de l'Afrique ? : Approches théoriques et analytiques." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28667.
Повний текст джерелаBegum, Suraya. "Les immigrés : acteurs et enjeux de la vie politique, économique et sociale française de 1974 à 1992." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/ref/167970/180287486/.
Повний текст джерелаThe migratory phenomenon has shown many aspects in france in nineteen and twentieth century. Several politics have been applied to and put in place to remedy to this situation bydifferent governments supported by their administrative staff of their political parties, but unfornunately no fair and satisfying solution has been made to fight againt the rising of immigration and put an end to this massive coming of strangers in france. The immigrants became the targets of the racist, xenophobic and violent actions. They dosn't understand what it's happening. France has the obligation to protect these populations against violence because they have sacrified all their life in order that france finds again its rank of great power. As for europe and member countries of schengen agreements, they have the heavy burden to put in place a real immigration politic in order that they don't make again the same mistakes which have been made during the past years
Clays, Jérôme. ""Le monde n'est qu'un vaste marché". . . Mais encore ? : le marché comme objet scientifique : derniers développements, le marché comme représentation sociale : premières pistes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0008.
Повний текст джерелаPinto, Baleisan Carolina. "Mobilité sociale et mobilité internationale d’étudiants étrangers : trajectoires de jeunes professionnels chiliens et colombiens à Paris, New York et Boston." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1057.
Повний текст джерелаStudent's migration stands at the heart of the extension of migratory flows. Mainly analyzed in geopolitical terms (brain drain, economic relations ...), this issue responds primarily to individual choices and paths related to social and professional expectations. From this observation, this research deals with the pursuit of post-graduate studies abroad as a strategy for social mobility. The aim is to explore the experiences of young adults during the studies away from their country in order to understand the decisions at the end of this experience. Finally, the interest relates to the internal transformation of the migrants accentuated by the physical and social distance vis-à-vis the society of origin. The study population is students from Chile or Colombia enrolled in graduate programmes, master 2 or PhD, not having the nationality of the country of residence. They live and continue their studies in the cities of Paris, New York or Boston. Using a comprehensive and biographical approach, this research is mainly based on 63 in-depth interviews conducted between 2008 and 2011
Bois, Hugo. "Modélisation et prospective de la demande de mobilité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100100/document.
Повний текст джерелаToday, mostly in developed countries, we are moving from ownership to usership and therefore from transport to mobility. Mobility is at the heart of people's lives and structure; it is also a source of positive externalities (economic activity, time saving, geographical accessibility) but also negative about the environment (local pollution, greenhouse gases), the social (mobility inequalities) and the economy (loss of time in congestion). It is therefore necessary to analyse the impact on public expectations of public policies aimed at reducing negative externalities.This thesis is financed by PSA Group and aims to study the mobility demand through the construction of modal preferences. In this aim, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to analyze the importance of the attributes characterizing transportation modes and the perceptions of these attributes for each transportation modes. An econometric treatment is then carried out concerning attitudes and perceptions and different models are compared with and without accessibility constraints. Finally, a carbon tax is introduced into our model through a shock of short-term perceptions to analyze changes in modal preferences. A new transportation mode is also introduced. The combination of these two elements is then analyzed in terms of modal shares and CO2 emissions. The analytic framework constructed allow us to simulate changes in a longer term. In other words, it allows to model the impact of prospective scenarios on modal preferences. This model was delivered to the PSA Group to refine the construction of its prospective scenarios as well as their knowledge about mobility demand.The main result are the followings. A carbon tax which is high enough must be introduced to have a significant and positive impact on the greenhouse gas emissions reduction from travel. At the same time, a new transportation mode defined between the bicycle and the small electric vehicle implies an increase in satisfaction of individuals. To be brief, if the objective is to reduce CO2 emissions from transports while maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, our model tells us that a relatively high carbon tax stimulate innovation and thus allows new transportation modes to emerge that are cleaner and better fitted to individuals expectations
Ouedraogo, Ferdinand. "Asymétries d'informations et efficacité économique et sociale de la filière bois-énergie au Burkina Faso." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21020.
Повний текст джерелаIn Burkina Faso, the wood energy sector is an important source of income generation and employment for people. It allows the country save foreign exchange. The wood energy is the energy source most available and accessible. It is mainly the energy of poorer people. The existence of massive frauds on the chain, overexploitation of wood resources, and environmental degradation, show that the operation of the wood energy sector is economically and socially inefficient. In light of the theory of agency, the failure of the chain implies the existence of imperfect informations or lack of transparency in the sector. The theoretical and empirical research that we conducted allowed us identifying and analysing these imperfect informations. Indeed, the imperfect informations identified as the most predominant in the sector, are in order of importance, prices and quantities of wood sold or purchased. The causes of imperfect information on the wood energy sector are among others the low accessibility of the majority of private actors to means and sources of public information, unequal access to means and sources of private information, the non-compliance by private actors to standards of storage or put in cubic meters of wood before selling, le lack of supervision and monitoring of forests by public authorities, and finally the inefficiency of available means of communication to public actors. The practical solutions that fit the specific case of the wood energy sector for solving problems of imperfect informations are quantities and prices of wood and charcoal, certified, the deposit of bon in a bank account, the signalling of wood and charcoal quantities and prices, and finally the incentive contracts written in local languages. The full communalization and research for development offer interesting prospects in terms of efficient operation of the sector and interesting prospects in terms of efficient internalization of external costs
Charra, Yves. "L'E. S. M "Epistémo-Socio-Marketing" : ou de la necessité d'utiliser le marketing et plus particulièrement l'ESM afin de mieux articuler dimension sociale et dimension économique et pour les managers de relier performance sociale et performance économique." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_charra_y.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe ESM, Epistémo-Socio-Marketing, is a form of Marketing of which it takes again the whole of the concepts by integrating the contributions of the epistemological approach there. The ESM, makes it possible to carry out a reading of social dimension without cutting it its origins and of its roots and without denaturing its values, but moreover, its range increases some by showing its economic dimension. The ESM, also makes it possible to carry out a reading of the Marketing approach by attaching it to what seems its true origins, by updating its values, by increasing its in particular social range. The ESM, after being positioned compared to social and economic dimension, allows finally a better complementarity between the Social sector and the sector commercial and with the managers of structures intervening in the Social sector and commercial to better articulate social performance and economic performance
Belleteste, Florence. "Cour des comptes et sécurité sociale." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P207.
Повний текст джерелаCihuelo, Jérôme. "La dynamique sociale de la confiance au cœur du projet : Le cas d’un projet industriel d’informatique." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090012.
Повний текст джерелаOur research applied itself to apprehend the social dynamic of trust within an industrial project. It lead us to show the paradoxical form of the project regularly calling together trust while opposing its sustainable setting up. The relations of trust take a compelled an precarious form in the sense where they are submitted to the contradictory tensions of the temporality of the project and to the ambivalence of the actors(?) contributing to composite groups. In a significant manner, trust bears in itself the stake of the construction of a mutual exchange, and, further more, the permanence of alliances between departments overstepping the frame of the project and of the actual interactions. In a complementary angle, are played in the establishment of balanced trust relations the recognition of individuals and their professional integration. The analysis of the project shows that the expanders (?) live an insecurity in their relation to the final user and to their working environment, raising up mistrust and having an effect on the subjectivity of the individuals