Дисертації з теми "Mobilité résidentielle – Gironde (France)"
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Thouron, Elise. "Qui peut (encore) habiter à Bordeaux ? : les parcours résidentiels dans la métropole bordelaise et en Gironde." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0031.
Based on the observation shared by local representatives and experts that it has become increasingly difficult to find accommodation in the Bordeaux metropolis, this dissertation explores housing strategies and trajectories within the Bordeaux metropolitan area and in the department of Gironde. Indeed, the tight real estate market as well as high purchasing and renting prices determine how people access, remain and move within the housing market, both for renting and home ownership. Therefore, beyond the matters of supply and of purchasing and renting prices, the main issue underlying the current housing market crisis lies in the fluidity of residential trajectories. In an action-research perspective, the goal is then to offer a more detailed description of housing trajectories and their obstacles to document the challenges facing public policies today. The methods used aim at describing on the one hand the strategies and on the other the housing trajectories. Starting from an overall characterization of flows based on Fidéli data, a survey conducted among households having recently moved and living in Gironde was adjusted and statistically analyzed. In order to better understand choices and housing strategies, interviews were carried out to supplement the quantitative analysis. From these interviews, which were compared with existing research, ideal types of housing trajectories could be defined, and made more precise by the results drawn from the survey’s multivariate analysis. The results reveal a typology of residential trajectories in Gironde falling into 6 groups : the “city homebuyers”, the “tenants newly arrived in Bordeaux”, the “young people benefitting from state aid and/or family resources" and who easily move to the suburban area, the “happy retirees”, the “mid-life individuals with intermediate occupations hindered in the metropolis” and finally, the “workers and employees hindered in Gironde”.Thus, the cross-analysis of housing trajectories’ ideal types and of housing trajectories’ typology shows that the life cycle alone does not explain the households’ residential trajectories. These are also socially selective. The wealthiest groups access home ownership more easily and renting even more so. On the contrary, the poorest groups are excluded from ownership, sometimes even in the suburban areas, even though becoming a homeowner remains a core residential demand. Moreover, inequalities in terms of resources, including for people at the same stage of the life cycle, also create important discrepancies in the fluidity of residential trajectories. Lastly, residential aspirations, that are unique to each life course, also influence housing trajectories. At comparable occupation and stage of life, individual life trajectories lead to different arrangements and choices.In light of these results, it becomes clear that public policies striving for fluidity in residential trajectories cannot merely be reduced to housing policies. They have to include social, economic and transport policies to enable affordable housing at every stage of life. In the end, residential trajectories encapsulate the challenges facing the city of tomorrow
Gobillon, Laurent. "Mobilité résidentielle et marchés locaux de l'emploi." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0077.
The right to housing is an essential value of French society. Its purpose is to help the poor to live in houses with a minimum of comfort. Economic policies were created to implement this right such as public housing and profitable loans to access to ownership. This Ph. D tries to contribute to their evaluation. First, it determines to what extent economic policies have succeeded in influencing housing choices of poor households in order to grant them a decent standard of living. It also raises the question about macroeconomic consequences of such policies. Public housing and ownership cause residential inertia. Consequently, they can limit the capacity of migrations to reduce local imbalances on the labour market. In particular, the lack of labour mobility contributes to local disparities of wages that are examined in detail
Akiri, Preston E. G. "Modélisation de la mobilité résidentielle : l'exemple du Havre." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL078.
This work concerns the study and the modelling of residential mobility through the application of an input-output model (markov chains) on the le havre housing market. It provides an evaluation of housing needs (demande) by giving the average number of moves that are made as a result of each dwelling that become available in the housing market. The model presented is thus seen as a tool that could help for decision-making (prevision, testing of hypotheses on demande and supply. And for the simulation of housing opportunities in the market)
Baccaïni, Brigitte. "Mobilité, distances de migration et cycles de vie." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010614.
Lévêque, Laurent. "Mobilité résidentielle et logement social au Havre." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUE0000.
Prédali, Frédérique. "La mobilité comme révélateur de l'évolution des modes de vies des femmes : les tendances des pratiques des femmes en milieu de vie en Ile-de-France depuis les années 1970." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002199040204611&vid=upec.
How does motherhood affect the mobility behavior of women? Is mobility identical for all of them? When is a car available to them? Is there in that respect a difference with men? This research shows that women's mobility is strongly related to the structure of the family group, whereas men's mobility is much less affected by this factor. Most existing studies on women's mobility concentrate on the reasons for the short distance travelled between home and work. Here, the home-to-work distance is one indicator considered through the standpoint of family life. It appears that even active single women live closer to their workplace than single men. So, key differences in terms of social identity affect daily life, and mobility is only one among the revelators of these differences. Behavior projections cannot lead to a near perfect similarity between men and women mobility, even with similar professional and household status. Two opposite trends play against each other : the convergence resulting from the extension of women's role in Western society (such as accession to automobile usage) ; the social identity resulting from women involvement in motherhood and household care, which cannot be completely effaced
Sajous, Patricia. "L' automobilité périurbaine en France : une façon d'habiter." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010568.
Grafmeyer, Yves. "Identités sociales et espaces de mobilité : approche longitudinale de quelques milieux lyonnais." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H066.
The work intends to contribute to the knowledge of social identities within an urban environment. The analysis is based upon the study of various small populations located within the area of Lyons families of the local upper middle class, residents in the inner city middle class neighbourhoods, staff of a regional banking house. The lengthwise scrutiny of these populations allows different and complementary approaches to the relationships between family connections, occupational careers and geographical mobilities.
Vervaeke, Monique. "Le fonctionnement du marché du logement et le peuplement résidentiel." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070125.
Schmutz, Benoit. "Les immigrés Africains face au marché du logement en france : ségrégation,discrimination et mobilité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24008.
African immigrants in France share common difficulties in terms of labor market and housing market access. As such, they may be studied as a group: a group with its own geography (high urbanization rate and over-representation in poor, public-housing-dominated neighborhoods); a group whose relative labor market integration has declined over the past decades; a segregated group for which understanding the interplay between the labor market and the housing market is crucial. In the four chapters of this thesis, I build several microeconomic models which attempt to describe some of the failures of the housing market when it is confronted with a group of economically fragile consumers, who may suffer from others' prejudice and who massively benefit from a government-controlled public housing program. The predictions that are derived from these models are then tested on the population of African immigrants in France, mostly through the statistical analysis of the last three waves (1996, 2002 and 2006) of the French National Housing Survey. The main results are threefold: first, African immigrants do suffer from customer-based discrimination in the private rental housing market, which may partly explain their high participation rate to public housing; second, sorting mechanisms within the French public housing market direct African public tenants into the poorest neighborhoods, even though the rent gradient of public housing with respect to location characteristics is almost flat; last, both geographic preferences and housing market access play some role in explaining the residual unemployment and urbanization gaps between African immigrants and non-immigrants in France
Hervouët, Vincent. "La périurbanisation dans la métropole nantaise : de nouvelles mobilités pour de nouveaux lieux d'urbanité." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3032.
Since the 1960s, periurbanization has progressively called into question the European model of a compact city with the dissemination of private housing zones in peripheral spaces. Sprung from people's will to own individual houses in a land market that is less competitive, this geographic distancing is possible thanks to the massive and daily use of the automobile. The dilatation of the urban system implies that urbanity can no longer be identified solely with the citizenship of the city center. Research on this phenomenon in the metropolitan area of Nantes – Saint-Nazaire reveals that there are, indeed, periurban places of urbanity. The diversity in these townships' situations, however, makes difficult the diffusing conditions of urbanity around the cities. Depending on the case, peripheral urbanity – or rather urbanities – can be surrounding, sought, controlled, relayed, rejected, emerging and are actually tributary of local geographic, political, economic, and social factors
Agbossou, Igor. "Modélisation et simulation multi-agents de la dynamique urbaine : application à la mobilité résidentielle." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924741.
Brevet, Nathalie. "Mobilités et processus d'ancrage en ville nouvelle : Marne-la-Vallée, un bassin de vie ? Étude des mobilités résidentielles et des mobilités quotidiennes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472850.
Schmutz, Benoît. "Les immigrés africains face au marché du logement en France : ségrégation, discrimination et mobilité." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00703900.
Minvielle, Stéphane. "Les comportements démographiques des élites bordelaises au XVIIIème siècle : les apports d'une reconstitution des familles à l'histoire de Bordeaux : de la Révocation de l'Edit de Nantes à lai͏̈cisation de l'état civil." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30042.
At the 18th century, Bordeaux is a prosperous city with many elites, which they are noble or commoners. We study their demographic behaviours thanks to a reconstitution of the families relating to more than 78000 parochial acts, including 9585 marriages. At that time, the marriage rate of the elites of Bordeaux is subjected to many constraints, as the control of the parents on the choice of the spouse, the late ages to the marriage, very strong rates of endogamy and homogamy, the respect of the lessons of the Church and the mobilisation of important capital to sign a marriage contract. Between 1685 and 1792, the average size of the descent passes from 9 to 4,5 children. The noble ones have the appearance of pioneers, their contraceptive turn dating from the years 1730 whereas, for the trade, it is necessary to wait until 1770 to attend the generalisation of contraception. In spite of many factors of stability, with in particular a rather weak mortality, the families of the elites renew themselves permanently, especially in a prosperous city which attracts with it individuals in the search of a social rise
Dubucs, Hadrien. "Habiter une ville lointaine : le cas des migrants japonais à Paris." Poitiers, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441142.
This thesis has for frame a contemporary academic interest in how spatial mobility influences and characterizes the way individuals practically (i. E the spatial organization of their activities) and intellectually (i. E knowledge and representations) connect to their places of residence. This research examines the dwelling modes of Japanese migrants in Paris. They are perfect examples of a specific type of migration between distant locations that are clearly distinct on an urban, social and cultural level. A cross analysis of census data and interviews with a sample of Japanese migrants shows that the individuals confronted with such distance cope in complex, dynamic, and various ways. The duration of their stay, familial or professional events, and the meaning of their Parisian days within their biographies are key factors of differenciation. They translate, among others, into both housing choices in Paris and specific relations to the places they lived in, back in Japan. These elements also have an effect on how fast and how thoroughly the Japanese migrants drift away from the commercial, social or informational resources that are dedicated to them. On a broader scale, the Japanese migrants' settlement patterns and daily practices actively contribute to urban changes: The reinforcement of the international presence in high-end districts of central-western Paris; The specialisation of a fraction of the rental market in high-class foreigners; The growing complexity of gentrifying districts as regards social and ethnic composition; The creation of a specific commercial and cultural supply around “Opéra” that enriches the historical and economic appeal of a major Parisian district. All these contributions stem from the ambiguous positioning of the Japanese as migrants in Paris: they are at the very same time Eastern Asians thousands of kilometers away from home and a migrating elite in a fellow developped country
Pistre, Pierre. "Renouveaux des campagnes françaises : évolutions démographiques, dynamiques spatiales et recomposition sociales." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070044.
The French countryside has a diverse geography, economy and social composition. The rural renewal observed since the 1970s and 80s is equally diverse, as are the processes that have contributed to it. This thesis presents statistical and cartographic analyses of the renewal phenomenon since the 1970s, at both the national and local level. It focuses on the dynamics of migration and residential mobility that have led to the settlement of diverse populations in the French countryside: the active and the retired, white-collar and blue-collar workers, families and couples, people from the city and those already originally from the country, French natives and foreigners. A detailed overview of this rural renewal is followed by an exploratory study of rural gentrification processes and a specific analysis of retired populations in the French countryside
Drapier, Carine. "Le rôle de la mobilité géographique dans l'insertion des jeunes : une application au cas de la France." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-17-18.pdf.
Coninck, Frédéric de. "Pratiques d'espace : la force des choses." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0016.
This thesis, based on a statistical approach, wants to describe job and family practices in their spatial and temporal background. Thus it uses localised and temporalised data. Part of this job is a methodological work on the analysis of longitudinal data : a work based on the spatial and temporal shaping of data. The sample is made of two generations of women (born in 1947 and 1959) living in 1982 in the area of grasse-cannes-antibes in the south of france
Allard, Cyril. "Une approche sociologique des processus et conditions d'émergence du sentiment d'appartenance au territoire : l'exemple du pays de Brest." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES1009.
The sociological approach of the territory is characterized so much by the tools and methods which it mobilizes that by a glance which takes into account the spatialization of the social reports. Main conceptual categories of sociology like the social classes and age or the cultural groups are particularly lighting to understand the individual and collective reports with the territory. For the sociologist, the human territory is studied by the practices, the uses and the representations of the individuals and social groups. The territory, and the way in which the individuals perceive it, feel it and use it testify to a social structuring in action. It is thus necessary to consider these social, cultural and identify dimensions which intervene in the emergence of the feeling of membership of the territory. The recourse to methods of objectivation will take it possible to reveal the processes which determine the feeling of membership. Thus, a biographical approach put in perspective in its territorial context, associated to a study of the daily mobility inside the country of Brest like revealing of the human territories seems to be indicated. Lastly, a study of the representations of the territory will make it possible to put in parallel the territories objectified by the sociologist and the territories represented by the individuals and the cultural and social groups
Moine, Alexandre. "Modélisation de la demande de logements en zone frontalière : un outils d'aide à la décision appliqué au marché local de Morteau (Doubs)." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1037.
It's very difficult to understand the formation and anticipate the evolution of housing demand, especially in case of border zones. They depend on occupants mobility according to life cycle, housing strategy, income, socio-economic contexte, and disponibility of houses; and occur residential moves. In the case of local analysis, in morteau, near the swiss border, we compare the local market with a complex system where all the elements which explain occupant mobility are in interaction. Owing to an approach based on systemic method, and particulary on dynamic system according to JW. Forrester, we build a computer program in order to simulate demand evolution, and to identify the main causes which blocked the market in relation with the evolution of the number of frontier workers
Imbert, Christophe. "Les ancrages des habitants des villes nouvelles franciliennes : des bassins de vie en construction." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012201.
Homocianu, George Marius. "Modélisation de l’interaction transport-urbanisme : choix résidentiels des ménages dans l’aire urbaine de Lyon." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22001/document.
The objective of the thesis is to propose a modeling of the residential behaviors of the households: the choice of change of residence (or removal), and the choice of the new location. This type of models aims at envisaging the probability that a household changes residence and its choice of new location, according to a certain number of explanatory variables. In our case, modeling is founded on the discrete choice theory (random utility approach). Research is based on the Lyons case, the model being built on the urban area of Lyon, on data of the year 1999. In terms of results, side of residential mobility, it should be retained that the variables which explain the variation of the degree of mobility (of the rate of removal) of the households are the age of head, the number of children and the statute of occupation of housing. With regard to the households location, the preferences of the households for a zone are related on the characteristics of those and particularly to accessibility on various opportunities and services, which confirms that among the factors which influence the location behavior of the households one finds accessibilities, and thus, the assumption of the existence of a relation between transport and land use. It was also found that the characteristics of the households like age of head, income or household size have an influence on their location choices. The study and the results of the models suggest that improvements and new directions of research are possible. Thus, on the side of residential mobility, there could be other variables which justify the housing change, like characteristics of the residence, residential environment or other characteristics of the households not observed. It would be also interesting to estimate the location model at a finer geographical level (îlot). Other alternatives of modeling of the residential decisions of the households would be to model a hierarchical structure of the choices, by a hierarchical or nested logit, or to model the life cycle, whit its components family, residential and professional, which are in interdependence (in condition of availability of necessary data)
Schnee, David. "Attraction et concentration : vers un polycentrisme intégrateur : éléments d'analyse et de prospective appliqués au cas de la Gironde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0119/document.
By seeking to identify the centralities of a territory, one has to take into account the ongoing evolution of the spatial structuration. The strong employment increase, together with the slowdown of people working in the town they live (i.e. “stables”), triggers a transition in the centrality-mobility relation. The new urban organisation modes result from the spatial distribution of employment concentration as well as the intensification of commuting. These two variables will be retained in order to characterise the Gironde’s communes, through a new nomenclature called Areas of Multi-commune Cohesion (AMC). Planning issues that ensued from the AMCs lead to a prospective approach structured by Transport/Urbanism co-development. Indeed, urbanisation scenarii are subject to uncontrolled and autonomous development. By anticipating transport planning strategies, decision makers can limit the uncertainty related to the real urbanisation consequences. The main issue lies in defining the conditions of a multipolar development of Gironde county. This would enable to support the territorial integration process, while loosening land constraints around Bordeaux agglomeration
Luxembourg, Nicolas. "Renouvellement social et immobilités en périurbain : le cas de l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32046.
Emond, Céline. "Les transferts sociaux locaux, entre interactions stratégiques et déterminants des choix résidentiels : une contribution empirique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0048.
French policies of redistribution set at the local level are little known and have not been the topic of many works. Yet they represent a major challenge. They include a multitude of benefits that fit family configurations in different territories. They are a flexible tool, widely used by local governments and which may have a significant impact on poor households.The decentralized nature of local redistribution policies naturally raises two main questions corresponding to the two aspects studied in this thesis. First, we question the political choices that guide the provision of local social transfers. We base our analysis on the literature about strategic interactions which suggests that local policy-makers adopt strategic behavior relying on the comparison of surrounding governments. Numerous studies in many countries have reported the presence of strategic interactions in the setting of local tax rates. Those focusing on the spending side are less frequent. We show that strategic interactions also exist when deciding the level of social transfers at the local level. One can observe mimicry mecanisms. Our work shows that, between the two origins of this phenomenon that are usually put forward, yardstick comparison and mobility, the second plays a significant role. Local authorities tend to increase their level of generosity when the mobility levels of individuals are low.Second, the other consequence of the decentralization of local social transfers is related to the different types of households' demand for redistribution. We study the choices of households in terms of residential mobility and location associated with the supply of local public goods and services. We question the adverse selection phenomena related to local political choices. The results emphasize the fact that poor households are less mobile and experience more downward residential trajectories. We also show that the generosity of cities plays a significant role in the location of the households
Korsu, Emre. "Mécanismes et implications des disparités socio-spatiales et de la ségrégation urbaine : le cas de la région parisienne." Institut d'urbanisme de Paris (Créteil, Val-de-Marne), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120052.
This work is a contribution to the analysis of processes that foster socio-spatial disparities within urban agg and of the social implications of these disparities. It purchases the double goal of evaluating the contributions of spatial and non-spatial factors to the dynamic of socio-spatial disparities and of testing the hypothesis of negative extemal effects due to the spatial concentration of poor populations. Conceming the first objective, a number of studies has been developed in order to evaluate the role of three factors in te widening of the social gap between communes of the Ile-de-France region during te 1980s : residential mobility, family structure of households and economic inequalities. Concerning the second objective, a statistical analyse was conceived in order to determine whether ceteris paribus, youth encountered a higher risk of dropping out of school without any certificate when living in the poor areas of the Parisian agglomeration
Miffre-Viton, Marie-Laure. "Mobilité et sédentarité : itinéraires familiaux et évolution sociale et économique,le cas d'Orcemont au dix-huitième siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS002S.
Orcemont is a small village located in ' Ile de France '. Like many other villages in the region its population is composed mainly of mobile families about which we have little information. In order to address this deficiency, the following study tackles the analysis of the village population on an economic and social basis. This approach allows us to collect data about the heads of the household, as a whole while also collectiong more specific data on the transient 0rcemontois or 0rcemontois by adoption and especially which geographical area they come from, their rythm of migration, their ability to sign documents, their influence and integration in the village
Cailly, Laurent. "Pratiques spatiales, identités sociales et processus d’individualisation : étude sur la constitution des identités spatiales individuelles au sein des classes moyennes salariées du secteur public hospitalier dans une ville intermédiaire : l’exemple de Tours." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR1505.
This qualitative investigation deals with an examination of the ways of living in Greater Tours. It was carried out by scrutinizing the daily life of residents of the city center, the peri-center, the suburb and the peri-urban space of Tours. The study points out the complex relation between social and spatial elements of identity. In particular, this work examines the genesis and transformation of individual spatial identities and tries to understand the diversity of the following structuring factors: space, social environment, economy, culture and biography. To analyze these factors and their interactions, the study uses the concept of habitus with a specific stress on the plurality and the transformations of systems of internalized dispositions. This analysis of the spatial habitus (i. E. , the generators of urban practice and self representation) allowed to understand more thoroughly the social dispersion of the middle classes. It showed as well the tension between collective factors and the individualization process in specific ways of living
Delbos, Jean-Brieux. "Les électeurs censitaires parisiens des années 1840 et leur devenir : richesse, inégalités, mobilités économique et géographique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0112.
This economic history dissertation aims to analyse quantitatively the links between wealth and economic and geographic mobility in France from the 1840s to the 1880s through the study of franchised Parisian voters of the 1840s. To do so, an original dataset has been built by matching different sources so as to follow the multiple trajectories of the individuals who belong to this particularly rich and politically important group over time. Short-term individual mobility is observed by matching individuals across electoral lists from the last years of the July Monarchy. Long-term mobility is revealed by exploiting the Parisian tables of successions and absences (TSA). These contain information about the wealth at death of individuals. Both in the short- and long-run, economic and geographic mobility proves to be considerable, raising serious questions about the long-held idea of a close and stable elite group. Parisian franchised voters appear to be an instant class, with a large heterogeneity that was continuously renewed under the effect of powerful economic mechanisms that have been highlighted in a series of econometric regressions. Beyond the franchised electorate, the group of the wealthy individuals who appear in the Parisian TSA shows the massive extent of mobility in the 19th century: only half of these individuals were on the 1845 franchise lists considered at the national level. Taken as a whole, our results lead to renew the debate about the elites and wealth
Leray, Frédéric. "Les mères seules et leurs espaces de vie : Mobilités résidentielles et pratiques quotidiennes de l’espace des femmes seules avec enfant(s) en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551602/fr/.
The growing instability of couples, married or not, has largely contributed to the increase of single parenthood. Nowadays, 20% of French families with children are single-parent families. Among these families, 85% are women-headed (Insee, 2006). While several studies have been devoted to understand the poverty of women with children, researches on their living spaces and their spatial practices are uncommon. This is why the model of « social space of vulnerability » (Séchet and al. , 2002) offers an interesting framework to support the methodology of the doctoral research. The methodology combines a quantitative method (questionnaire) and a qualitative one (interviews), allowing us to measure the constraints of residential and daily mobilities on single mothers lives. Firstly, it appears that single parenthood involves residential mobility and residential regression because of a limited choice of housing (localisation, status). Secondly, the analysis has shown that residential mobility comes often with a diminution of social networks, time, capacity for mobility and therefore, by a retraction of the living spaces. Finally, the research has revealed various forms of vulnerability (economic, social, spatial) interacting with each other and leading to cumulative risks: poverty, spatial marginalization and social exclusion
Arnoult, Emilie. "Emploi et territoire : trois essais en économétrie appliquée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0042.
L'accroissement des mobilités résidentielles métropolitaines engendre une réorganisation démographique du territoire. La compréhension de ce phénomène représente un enjeu pour l'ensemble des territoires puisque la répartition de leur richesse en dépend. En effet, en particulier grâce au développement des réseaux de transports, la distance entre les territoires se réduit et les lieux de résidences diffèrent aujourd'hui des lieux de production. Hors les ménages réalisent une grande part de leurs dépenses à proximité de leur lieu de résidence. La question de l'attractivité résidentielle des ménages n'a jusqu'aujourd'hui que très peu été approchée; les données disponibles ainsi que les méthodes de traitement permettent à présent de l'appréhender
Aqzzouz, Asmae. "Three essays on local tax rates and household behavior." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL2003.
The objective of this thesis is to study the empirical connection between property taxes, strategic interaction between communities and the residential mobility. This thesis is structured around three chapters. In the first chapter, we examine the relation between the property taxes and the property prices. In the second chapter, we examine the existence of property tax mimicking among French local governments and it sources. In the third chapter, we work on the residential mobility of young individuals among French communities.In the chapter one, we observe the relation between property taxes and property prices by focusing on the housing market in the 978 communities of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur (PACA). Using a spatial autoregressive model (SAR), the results show that an increase of the property tax rates has a negative effect on the property prices of communities in the region of PACA. This result confirms the existence of a negative capitalization of property taxes into the property prices. We also show that local public expenditures are positively capitalized into the property prices.In the second chapter, we try to identify property tax mimicking among French local governments and it sources. In this chapter, we test the existence of property tax mimicking and it sources in the 978 communities of PACA and of the 2887 communities of Rhône-Alpes. Using a spatial durbin model (SDM), this work delivers two conclusions. First, communities of both regions mimic the property tax policies of their neighboring communities. Second, property tax mimicking among PACA communities is due to both yardstick competition and spillover effects, while the property tax mimicking among Rhône-Alpes communities is due to the spillover effects, only. Incumbents of PACA counties are interested by mimicking the property tax policies of neighboring communities in order to be re-elected. In the same time, highly populated communities hardly react to a change in the property tax of neighboring communities because the spillover effects are inconsiderable. Small communities, on the other hand, mimic tax policies of their neighboring communities in order to attract new mobile individuals and keep their residents.In the third chapter, We study the residential mobility of young among 34 970 French counties. We focus on young individuals aged between 15 and 29 years, since they present the most mobile population, which means that their behavior could stick to an empirical analysis of the Tiebout’s voting with feet model. To catch local public goods, we identify the provision of social housing which is managed at a municipal level. Using probit models, we find that young migrate more than working population aged between 30 and 65 years. We also find that young migrate more if they are single, renters and if they have a high diploma. When it comes to public taxes and public goods, higher provision of cultural goods and social housing strongly increases the probability for a young person to move to such community. Property taxes don’t influence young people migration since they are rarely owners
Houillon, Vincent. "Crise et population : l'exemple du Valenciennois : étude de démogéographie et de géographie sociale d'un espace en difficulté." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50377-1998-228.pdf.
Jangal, Candy. "Familles sans logement et recours aux soins en Ile-de-France : contraintes, ancrages et pratiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100068.
Since the beginning of the 2000s, families have made up a growing part of the homeless population in France. Despite these changes, there was no study in 2012 on homeless families, their living conditions, and their state of health and their use of care. This work is the first research in health geography on homeless families in France and is part of the first survey on homeless children and families in Ile-de-France, conducted by the Samusocial Observatory from Paris. It questions the spatial practices of use of care from health professionals for children aged 0-5. Initial observations indicated that the distance between families’ accommodation and the professional consulted was large, despite their locomotion difficulties. According to the associations, their conditions of care would cause daily and difficult residential mobility. The allocation of accommodation in isolated geographical areas of the associative and health centers and frequent moves from one accommodation to another are designated as obstacles to access and accessibility to care. The goal is to understand families’ health travels by studying their residential and daily mobility and trying to place the use of care in the spatial context of their activity space. The results confirm that the local health professional is not preferred and that families’ conditions of care, associated with their life course and socio-demographic characteristics, are crucial
Léostic, Fanny. "Rénovation urbaine, mobilités résidentielles et changement social : études comparées." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100192/document.
In 2003, a landmark enactment was passed in France to fight urban blight. Since then, the French government is engaged in a policy of major urban renewal that targets run-down neighborhoods in central or peripheral urban areas. Local projects consist in refurbishing existing buildings or in tearing down and rebuilding old ones, as a way to promote spatial and social changes. Those programs induce different types of residential mobility, from mandatory mobility implemented by local players, to mobility that is more spontaneous. This thesis addresses the impact of those projects upon the evolution of the targeted areas, studied on a middle-term basis. Do the spatial and social dynamics of those areas radically change? What are the social consequences of the transformations of the built environment and of residential mobility? Our approach is inductive, and pragmatic. The comparison of four projects, statistically studied, allows us to test the hypothesis of an impact of place on urban renewal. As the result of our analysis, structural facts, such as housing stock, or social and geographical contexts, appear to be determining factors of the evolution of the studied areas. Residential mobility tends to re-concentrate disadvantaged people, thus increasing spatial fragmentation – which does not match the initial goals of the 2003 law
Clement, Garance. "Migrer près de chez soi : trajectoires résidentielles et migratoires de membres des « classes moyennes » dans un espace frontalier franco-belge." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1008/document.
Middle class members are said to be those who can benefit most from migration within the EU. In this research I looked at how their migrations concretely take place in a Franco-Belgian cross-border area. There, undreds of French citizens leave their home country each year to get a new home on the other side of the border while keeping their job and many activities in France. The analysis of their residentiel and migratory trajectories reveal the inequalities that remain in a so called open area
Radojcic, Karine. "Les modalités de l'insertion des jeunes dans les départements d'outre-mer français." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010031.
Dupuy, Le Bourdellès Mikaël. "« Revitaliser » les centres des villes moyennes : action publique et (im)mobilités résidentielles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC0002.
Since the mid-2010s, many medium-sized French towns have been developing projects to revitalise their town centres - particularly at the instigation of the national government, through the Action cœur de ville programme or the New National Urban Renewal Programme (NPNRU). In these areas, private property and the private rental sector predominate. At the same time, medium-sized towns have fewer human and financial resources, tools and operators for development and property production than towns with larger populations. Despite these difficulties, local governments in medium-sized towns are seeking to implement social mix policies in town centres. To understand this paradox, I implemented a research protocol that combined statistical analysis with qualitative data. I collected qualitative data through a documentary analysis, a series of interviews with public stakeholders and participant observation conducted as part of a consulting cooperative.The results of a sample of nine medium-sized towns show that old town centres are particularly unique in terms of their social and demographic structure. Because of the specialisation of the residential stock in small private rental flats, this type of neighbourhoods is essential to the fluidity of residential course in medium-sized towns as they are adequate for people experiencing one or more biographical disruptions: moving out of the parental home, marital separation or widowhood, inter-regional or international migration, job insecurity, and so on. At the same time, these characteristics mean that, overall, they are areas with a large and growing socio-professional mix - despite the heterogeneity of medium-sized towns and their town centres.However public authorities are keen to implement policies to promote social diversity in town centres, through urban revitalisation projects. The qualitative study conducted in three sites (Colmar, Romans-sur-Isère, and Tulle) shows that this is due to the establishment of a cause-and-effect relationship between the decline of town centres and the representation of an "unbalanced" population. In addition, the adoption of social mix as a norm for public action and the framing provided by national policies strengthen the attachment of local players to the idea of diversifying the population.To attract their target, which are middle-class couples with children into owner-occupation - identified as an urban revitalisation lever - the public actors are developing projects that aim to close the gap in terms of housing between town centres and suburban areas. Doing so, revitalisation projects reflect the internalisation of a commercial framework for housing policies by public players. They also contribute to closer relationships between local government and private players in their implementation.However, the efforts of local stakeholders to diversify the housing stock are hindered by the small number of housing production operators - mainly social landlords - and by the social conditions of the French national urban renewal scheme, dating back from the 1970's. As a result, the property developments supported by the public sector are not helping to diversify the housing stock nor the population of town centres. However, they do help to erase the traces of urban decline, in the hope of a 'return' of households and private investors by the local authorities
Lasserre-Bigorry, Vincent. "Consommation de logement, parcours résidentiels et accession à la propriété en Île-de-France : une approche par la modélisation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1017.
This thesis aims to better understand the functioning of the housing market through the study of residential trajectories and the economic trade-offs of households in the Paris Region (Île-de-France). We seek to analyse the consumption of housing services and the choice of occupancy status, and how these evolve according to the demographic (progress through the life cycle, generation) and economic (income, price level) situations of the household. This double prism of study - demographic and economic - leads us to develop an analysis over a long period of time, from 30 to 50 years depending on the available data. Beyond revealing both life-cycle effects and intergenerational changes, this long-term perspective allows us to understand if the last two decades, which have seen a sharp rise in property prices in the Paris Region, have marked a break in households' residential choices. The first chapter uses census data to analyse the residential pathways of Île-de-France residents by comparing changes in household and housing demographics over half a century and the resulting matches. The results describe a strong increase in surface comforts - resulting from a scissor effect between a decline in household size and an increase in housing size - and in home ownership, followed by a stabilisation of residential trajectories for recent generations. Based on the observation of a continuous increase in surface comfort over the last five decades, the second chapter seeks to measure whether this increase has led to a reduction in inequalities in housing conditions. On the contrary, our results show that inequalities in surface comfort are generally increasing, while the gaps between occupations and socio-professional categories remain stable. Recent generations also seem to be less advantaged than baby boomers in regards to average comfort conditions experienced. In order to explain these residential trajectories in the light of market conditions and the resulting economic trade-offs of households, chapter three discusses the measurement of housing costs according to the different occupancy statuses, in particular for owner-occupied housing through the notion of user cost. It then uses housing surveys to describe changes in housing costs in the private housing stock and the expenditure of households in the Paris Region since the early 1970s. Finally, the last chapter examines the trade-offs made by private rented sector households, and in particular whether these have changed when confronted with the sharp rise in prices in the 2000s, using an econometric model over the period 1980-2013. The results indicate an increase in the effort rate of first-time buyers, a fall in the demand for housing services and a decline in first-time buyers over the recent period. Taken as a whole, the results of the thesis describe a very inertial French residential model, based on accessing large owner-occupied dwellings through the life cycle. The model set out here is put under pressure by the segregative nature of home ownership and the rising housing costs, which undermine the upward residential pathways of recent generations
McAvay, Haley. "Immigrants’ spatial incorporation in France : patterns and determinants of neighborhood and housing attainment." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0036/document.
My dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the neighborhood and housing outcomes of immigrants and natives in France. I draw on two large data sets, L’échantillon démographique permanent (INSEE) and Trajectoires et origines (INED/INSEE), which provide rare information about first and second generation immigrants, combine individual and contextual-level variables, and span several dates of observation (1990-2008). Drawing on classical theoretical approaches to immigrants’ spatial incorporation (spatial assimilation, place stratification), as well as insights from the social stratification and neighborhood effects literature, the analysis is rooted in a multidimensional, longitudinal and intergenerational approach to residential inequalities. First, I use a variety of indicators of the composition of neighborhoods (i.e. share of immigrants, co-ethnics, low-income households, the unemployment rate) in addition to housing tenure to explore associations between various dimensions of residential outcomes. Second, using longitudinal data and panel modelling techniques, the analysis captures patterns and determinants of residential mobility, transitions in neighborhoods, access to homeownership and moves in and out of the public housing sector. Finally, contributing to recent empirical work on the intergenerational reproduction of context, I seek to assess the extent to which residential situations are transmitted between parents and their children. The analysis seeks throughout to document the effects of individual factors (nativity, immigrant origin, socioeconomic status) and contextual factors (municipality and departmental characteristics) on shaping residential inequalities
Habouzit, Rémi. "La copropriété dégradée, le relogement et après ? Professionnels et habitants dans une opération rénovation urbaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV034/document.
Since 2003, more than 400 popular districts categorized as sensitive urban zones and 4 million inhabitants have become part of a program initiated by the Framework Act on Town Planning and Urban Renewal (so-called “Borloo law”). In order to achieve district transformation and social diversity, the program has led to demolition/rebuilding operations, the refurbishment of existing dwellings and the redefinition of public urban areas (street network and green spaces, etc.)The municipalities of Clichy-Sous-Bois and Montfermeil in the Seine-Saint-Denis region were part of this program. Whilst being the largest program in France (in terms of allocated budget and demolished dwellings), it also had the singularity to involve the destruction of dilapidated privately-owned buildings such as Les Bosquets in Montfermeil and La Forestière in Clichy-sous-Bois. All the new buildings reconstructed there are under social housing management.All re-housed inhabitants consequently moved from the status of owner-occupiers or private housing tenants to that of social housing tenants. In addition to their change in status, this situation implies regular interactions between these ‘displaced’people and the professionals (of the city, of nonprofit organizations, social landlords who operate in the area, in these buildings within the frame of pre- and post-rehousing accompaniment.Based on an analysis supported by interviews, observations and archives, this thesis aims at understanding the genesis of this policy as much as the effects of the will for district transformation through generalizing social housing, on professional practices and the trajectories of the re-housed inhabitants. To this end, archives and interviews help understanding that the degradation of the former co-ownership properties was attributable primarily to their conditions of marketing, construction and management. Yet, all the measures of public action, up to the signature of the urban renewal program, systematically present the inhabitants and their features (popular classes or migrants) as solely responsible for this deterioration.The ethnography of professional practices then shows how in the new homes the professionals use the interactions with the inhabitants to regulate the way they live there. This work is done with a view to avoiding new damage to the buildings.Eventually the interviews with the inhabitants (made before and after re-housing) illustrate how re-housing and the interactions with professionals destabilize them within their individual anchorages and shake the sense of hierarchies within this social group. While former owners made up the upper class in their previous housing, they now feel the most downgraded. Conversely, tenants who were the most dominated are today the most rehabilitated.Beyond empirical results, this analytical approach rates the issues of the thesis on sevral scales. First, this work illustrates how, in a constructivist perspective, these co-ownership properties and their inhabitants have been built as a problem and a category of public action. Then, starting from the practices of professionals, this thesis discloses how within the frame of urban policy, some forms of regulation and domination over certain targeted publics (here working classes and migrants) are still exerted. Finally this thesis is consistent with a sociology of popular classes who are attentive to their internal differences as much as to the various ways a measure of public action can be perceived
Chabrol, Marie. "De nouvelles formes de gentrification ? : dynamiques résidentielles et commerciales à Château-Rouge (Paris)." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658852.
Sigaud, Thomas. "Mobilités résidentielles et professionnelles des salariés en France : entreprises, marchés et territoires, une articulation en tension." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066780.
Le, Goascoz Marie-Hélène. "La demande en logements : quels choix pour les acquéreurs de logements neufs : étude sur Rennes et son district urbain." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20008.
The analysis of the demand for new lodgings in Rennes and its urban district finds itself within the framework of the right to lodging. We choose indeed to focus our interest to owner occupiers who wish to acquire a main residence for personal use. On a methodological level, in order to remedy the lack of existing procedure, the setting up of a questionnaire seems essential. Our main motives are to know the acquire profiles and their desires to buy so as to define the expectations and behaviours of the inhabitants of Rennes and its urban district. From the analysis point of view, it seems important to understand the reasons behind the demand and its means rather than the quantitative aspect of this demand. Moreover, a structural approach enables one to understand the part played by the housing producers in the organization of the supply and the setting of the demand
Burri, Sylvain. "Vivre de l'inculte, vivre dans l'inculte en Basse Provence centrale à la fin du Moyen Âge : Histoire, archéologie et ethnoarchéologie d'un mode de vie itinérant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3060.
Woodlands craftsmen and shepherds make up a whole section of medieval rural population which is characterized and differentiated from its contemporaries by their itinerant lifestyle and their temporary settlement in the incultum. They are marginalized by medieval collective imagination and they have been forgotten by the historians, because their traces in written and archaeological sources are too scattered. Their mobility and their residential strategies depend on the exploitation of available seasonal resources, be it vegetal or animal. These seasonal resources are naturally found away from the areas already cultivated by local village people. This itinerant lifestyle takes on different forms, and results in different strategies from a pendular motion home-workplace to temporary establishment near to the raw materials during the season of exploitation. A temporary stay is determined by technical constraints (technical process and operational time), and also by environmental, time and law factors. Technology, time and space are connected, so it's necessary to study the « temporary dwelling » system as a whole from technical processes to social life, via the temporary encampments, which are the materialization of the way of life; this through a historical, archaeological and ethnoarchaeological cross-study
Milcent, Jean-François. "Parcours d'insertion et trajectoires géographiques : les jeunes des missions locales, PAIO." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1476.
Berne, Laurence. "Ouverture et fermeture de territoire par les réseaux de transports dans trois espaces montagnards (Bugey, Bauges et Maurienne)." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348290.
Martin, Niels. "Les migrations d'agrément, marqueur d'une dynamique d'après tourisme dans les territoires de montagne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978720.
Kaboli, Mohammad Hadi. "Operational research on an urban planning tool : application in the urban development of Strasbourg 1982." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057695.