Дисертації з теми "Mobilité des revenus"
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Lecavelier, des Etangs-Levallois Céline. "Mobilité intergénérationnelle : Une estimation internationale de l'ampleur et des déterminants de la transmission intergénérationnelle des inégalités socio-économiques." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0851/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the extent and determinants of the intergenerational socioeconomic mobility. We first investigate the earnings transmission from fathers to sons in Germany, carefully addressing the question of biases in the estimation. However, this approach fails at taking account of all factors from the socioeconomic background of an individual affecting future success in life. We then consider sibling correlations as a broader indicator of all family influences, first in France, for education, profession and earnings. We also conduct a comparative study of the brother earnings correlation in France and Sweden to assess the impact on the estimation of the lack of information about permanent earnings and the use of predicted measures instead. Finally, we address the question of the mechanisms underlying the transmission of inequality. We thus explore the possibility to use the events of May 1968 in France as a natural experiment to identify and measure the causal link between parental and children's education
Paulo, Christelle. "Inégalités de mobilités : disparité des revenus, hétérogénéité des effets." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110553.
Повний текст джерелаMornet, Pauline. "Essais sur l'inégalité et la mobilité." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. Dissertation aims at providing accurate and simple tool to evaluate income inequality and mobility. Our work relies on a subgroup decomposition property recently introduced in the literature as the $``$emph{weak decomposition}$"$ to break down total disparities into within-group and between-group disparities. A particular interest is given to the context in which subgroup decomposition can be applied. We introduce within-group and between-group transfer principles that can be modulated according to a decision maker's preferences. The axiomatic basis of the subgroup decomposition property are also dealt with. Some general weighing functions are introduced to caracterize a two-parameters class of inequality measures denoted denoted (alpha,delta)-Gini. The parameters alpha and delta allow capturing the set of decision's maker point of view (from extrem leftist to extreme rightist). Furthermore, we demonstrate the the application of the weak decomposition can easily be extended to income mobility. We propose an adaptation of the subgroup decomposition property to a bimensional framework and we characterize 2 classes of inequality adjusted growth and income movements measures consistent with such a property. Various empirical studies are also carried out to illustrate the various developed concepts
Gonzalez, Pulgarin Jhon Jair. "Three Essays on Macroeconomics and Income Inequality." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA2001.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines intergenerational income mobility, the sustainability of the pension system, and labor protection policies in the United States. Despite covering seemingly different topics, they are all analyzed through the lens of income and wealth inequalities using macroeconomic tools. Furthermore, education emerges as a crucial determinant across all three chapters, shaping the results. The link between education, income, and wealth inequalities is indeed fundamental.Chapter one, measures the evolution of intergenerational income and educational mobility and whether access to opportunities in the American economy has become more open over time. We provide estimates for intergenerational income elasticities, rank-rank income correlations, and educational-income transition matrices using the two cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979, 1997) administered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States. We find that since the 1980s, educational mobility, both upward and downward, has increased. This suggests that the American system manages to provide the same educational opportunities to all children regardless of their parents' education level. We also find that the impact of the income rank of parents without a university degree is very low on the income rank of their children.Chapter two introduces a heterogeneous agent model to understand pension system sustainability in the context of increasing life expectancy and a lowering dependency ratio. We explore various reform options, including adjustments to income tax rates, pension levels, and retirement age. We take into account the evolution of educational attainment and the average career development linked to employment experience, distinguishing between the labor market for graduates and non-graduates.We find that variations in income tax and pension rates increase distortions in labor supply, reducing work-related remuneration. These adjustments also tend to increase the probability for youths to be financially constrained. However, the distortions in labor supply vanish when increasing the retirement age, but this raises the problem of optimal time allocation between work and leisure over the life cycle. The increase in education level does not significantly affect fiscal budget sustainability, even though it allows a significant increase in GDP. Adjustments via tax increases or pension reductions increase wealth inequalities, which are higher when raising the retirement age.Chapter three addresses how variations in employment protection regulations across US states affect wage differentials between educational categories. These effects appear influenced by workers' education levels. The evolution of the college-wage premium, a measure of education returns, has shown a fluctuating trend in the United States. Alongside the steep increase in the college-wage premium during the period 1977-1997, the US also experienced a rise in firing costs during the same period. Several exceptions to the employment-at-will policy were introduced between 1977-1997. The employment-at-will policy allows employers to discharge or retain employees at will, with or without cause. Increasing employment protection may prompt firms to lower their dismissal threshold, potentially reducing average job productivity and wages. Furthermore, the arrival of idiosyncratic shocks may be higher for less and highly educated workers due to deteriorating labor market conditions and high volatility, respectively.I find that rising firing costs negatively affect wages within selected states, with the extent of these effects varying by education level. There is a particularly strong negative effect for individuals with greater-than-college education and high school dropouts. From a theoretical perspective, firing costs negatively impact equilibrium wages for incumbent workers. (...)
Bigoumou, Moundounga Guy-Obain. "Les mobilités des populations à faibles revenus à Libreville : l'exemple des quartiers périphériques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20065/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on the daily mobility of low-income populations, particularly those living in suburbs of the north and east of Libreville, far from remote services and places of employment. By using the tools of geographical transport, which sheds light on the social, spatial and environmental issues of transport, and mobilizing at the same time the concepts of social geography on the representations of space and ownership by the people, this work attempts to renew the knowledge on how poor people are moving. It put into perspective the importance often given to pedestrian mobility within Sub-Saharan cities. It emerges from this study that mobility of poor people rely more on the use of motorized transport especially, so called “suburban transports”, which are more available and less expensive for those users
Menéndez, Rodriguez-Vigil Marta. "Essais sur la mobilité et l'inégalité du revenu." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0101.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis offers a set of studies on income mobility and its effects on inequality, with a particular focus in developing countries. In a first chapter we introduce the theoretical discussion about different existing income mobility concepts. Concretely, we analyse the empirical relation that takes place between different concepts, using a regression framework and though numerical microsimulations. We the focus on the analysis of intergenerational mobility and the persistence of inequality across generations, in the case of Brazil. This analysis is also done through microsimulation techniques. Finally, the last chapters deal with intragenerational income mobility and its relationships with inequality, focusing on the particular case of Argentina
Bigoumou, Moundounga Guy Obain. "Les mobilités des populations à faibles revenus à Libreville : l'exemple des quartiers périphériques." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639143.
Повний текст джерелаCano, Liliana. "Income inequality, top income shares and economic mobility : Ecuador 2004-2011." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10040.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics of income distribution in contemporary Ecuador. We defend the thesis that income inequality has declined both at functional and personal level over the last years. However, based on the recent top incomes and wealth accumulation literature and methods we show that the level of income inequality in this country is still very high. The first chapter of this thesis reviews the literature on income and wealth distribution and offers new estimates of wealth-to-income ratios and capital share of income for the 2007-2013 period thanks to national balance sheets. In the second chapter, we construct top income shares series for the period 2004-2011 thanks to micro-level tax return data. We analyze the recent trends of top incomes, their composition, the evolution of average real incomes, and we discuss the methodological challenge of working with tax data and survey data when the main objective is to capture top incomes. In the third chapter, we examine intragenerational income mobility both at the top and middle of the distribution and we analyze the main determinants of income mobility. In the last chapter of this thesis, we study whether tax policy, through progressive income taxation, is helping to reduce inequality in this country
Simula, Laurent. "Imposition optimale sur le revenu, contraintes d'incitation, contraintes de participation." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0032.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis employs the Mirrlees framework to investigate a number of issues in optimal income tax theory. It considers the consequences of the incentive-compatibility constraints in closed economy as well as the interaction between the incentive conditions and the participation conditions in open economy. Chapter 1 develops the comparative statics of the optimal income tax problem when the population is discrete and individual preferences are quasi-linear in consumption. Chapter 2 studies Kolm's (2004) tax scheme proposaI from the viewpoint of optimal taxation. Chapter 3 presents the main optimal income tax models devoted to the impact of the fiscal mobility of the highly skilled. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce type-dependent participation constraints in the linear and non-linear income tax problems to appreciate the effects of individual mobility
Hidalgo, González Guillermo, and António Queirós. "Railway Mobility Hubs: A feature-based investment return analysis." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18204.
Повний текст джерелаBouzouina, Louafi. "Ségrégation spatiale et dynamiques métropolitaines." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354936.
Повний текст джерелаRiotte-Lambert, Louise. "Se souvenir et revenir : approche théorique et méthodologique des stratégies de déplacement récursif et de leurs conséquences populationnelles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT169.
Повний текст джерелаRecursive movement patterns, by which an individual returns to already visited sites, are very common. Memory use, hypothesized to be advantageous when the environment is predictable, could underlie the emergence of these patterns. However, our understanding of the memory-movement interface has been limited by two knowledge gaps. We still lack appropriate methodologies and theoretical knowledge of the advantages of memory use and of the patterns that emerge from it. During this PhD project, I aimed at filling in some of these gaps. I present here three new frameworks for the analysis of recursive movement patterns. The first one delimits the areas most frequently revisited by an individual, the second one detects periodic revisit patterns, and the third one formally defines and quantifies routine movement behaviour in terms of movement sequence repetitiveness, and presents an algorithm that detects the sub-sequences that are repeated. Using an individual-based model, we show that memory use, when the environment is predictable, is very energetically advantageous compared to foraging strategies that do not use memory, including in a situation of competition, and that it leads to the emergence of stable Home Ranges and spatial segregation between individuals. Memory use invalidates several hypotheses very commonly made in population studies, by leading to a stronger environmental depletion, to a higher equilibrium population size, and to a nonlinear relationship between the total population size and the individually-experienced intensity of competition. Therefore, my PhD thesis contributes to a better understanding of the consequences of memory use for the fitness of individuals, for movement patterns, and for population dynamics. It offers innovative methodologies that quantify and characterize recursive movement patterns that can emerge from its use. These methods should open new opportunities for the comparison of the movements of individuals from different populations and species, and thus the testing of hypotheses about the pressures that select for memory use
Mo, Zhexun. "A Few Essays on the Political Economy of Inequalities in Africa and China." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0057.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. dissertation speaks to my general research interests at the intersections of development economics, political economy and economic history. Specifically, my research agenda centers around two main axes. On the one hand, by digitizing large-scale historical datasets, I explore the long-term vicissitudes of inequalities in multi-dimensional forms in both Africa and East Asia, in particular their historical determinants (via the advent and end of colonialism, the rise and fall of different political regimes, etc) and their long-run interactions with contemporary development and growth outcomes. On the other hand, I zoom in from a more micro perspective, by designing cross-country survey experiments, in order to understand how people subjectively perceive inequalities and form preferences for redistribution, especially in developing countries where the strong presence of traditional institutions and unique growth trajectories could have shaped citizens to view inequality and development in alternative manners and the insights from which could also inform policy-making for more sustainable development in the longer run. In this Ph.D. thesis, I attempt to answer these questions centering around the aforementioned research dimensions in four chapters, traversing the territories of West Africa and East Asia. In the first chapter, I examine the historical determinants over the design of French colonial institutions in West Africa. In particular, I zoom in on one of the most draconian forced labor episodes embedded in the conscription system at the time, specifically in colonial Mali where military reservists were exploited for public works and railway construction, and estimate the long-term developmental repercussions of colonial forced labor by hand-collecting an enormous historical dataset on colonial soldiers in Mali together with my colleagues researching on development in contemporary Mali. In my second and third chapters, I depart away from colonialism in West Africa, and dive into investigating inequality perceptions and the formation of redistributive preferences in contemporary China. Via two consecutive survey experiments with my co-authors, we find that Chinese citizens’ attitudes towards inequalities and preferences for redistribution differ significantly from the western ideals,and we attempt to rationalize this unique set of preferences with China’s transitional economic experience and low political agency of the population. In my final chapter, I go back into the history of China in the 20th century, and together with my co-authors, we estimate the long-run evolution of Chinese national wealth accumulation from the founding of the Republic of China (1911) till 2020. We find very striking patterns with regards to the dynamics of wealth accumulation of a country having undergone drastic political and development trajectories over the past century, which paves the way for more dialogues on understanding the intricate relationship between inequality and growth in China and the developing world at large in the future
Dalal, Rooshin Bhadrik. "Fluctuation analysis reveals protein concentration, mobility, and aggregation states in cells /." 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3288360.
Повний текст джерелаMao, Hung-Yung, and 毛洪勇. "A Study of Seasonal Index Stability and Mobility of Corporate Revenues and Stock Prices for Taiwan Automobile Industry." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31491312225451587141.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
101
ABSTRACT This study attempts to analyze monthly sales and stock prices for three major automobile companies, including YULON, CMC and HOTAI, in Taiwan, and to establish seasonal index forecasting models for these firms. Monthly data are collected from 2003/01 to 2012/12. The X-11 Classical time series decomposition models are used for the seasonal index estimation. Seasonal stability and seasonal mobility statistical tests are examined for monthly sales and stock price of these three firms. The forecasting models are established and their predictive powers are compared using MAPE index. The results are summarized as follows: 1. For the seasonal stability tests, seasonal indexes of monthly sales and stock prices show significant differences for these three companies. 2. For the seasonal mobility tests, seasonal indexes of monthly sales and stock prices show significant moving changes for these three companies. 3. The X-11 models could build a fairly good prediction model. The prediction accuracy ranges from 3% to 10% for both monthly sales and stock prices of three auto companies, indicating a useful practical tool for estimating seasonal index of automobile industry.
Sidibé, Abdoul Karim. "Three essays in microeconomic theory." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24659.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a collection of three articles on microeconomic theory. The first two articles are concerned with the issue of race-to-the-bottom when governments engage in competition for some mobile factor. The third article proposes an extension for the many-to-one matching problem by introducing different-size agents. In the first article, we show how the standard race-to-the-bottom result can be avoided by introducing public good into a tax competition model. Our economy has two jurisdictions populated by perfectly mobile workers divided into two categories: skilled and unskilled. Governments, in pursuit of a Rawlsian objective (max-min), simultaneously announce their plans for investing in public good before deploying a nonlinear income tax schedule. After observing the tax schedules of the governments and their promises to invest in public good, each worker chooses a place of residence and a supply of labour. Thus, governments achieve their redistribution objectives by seeking to attract productive labour through the provision of public goods in addition to favorable taxation policy. We show that there exist equilibria where skilled workers pay a strictly positive tax. In addition, when information on the type of workers is private, there are equilibria for certain parameter values in which unqualified workers receive a net transfer (or subsidy) from the government. In the second article, we investigate how the Bertrand standard price competition with differentiated products could provide useful insight for Citizenship By Investment programs in the Caribbean. We show that when countries can be classified into two types according to the size of their demand, imposing appropriate uniform minimum price and maximum quota brings countries to an efficient outcome that Pareto dominates the Non-Cooperative Nash Equilibrium. Finally. in the third article, we explore an extension of the standard many-to-one matching problem by incorporating different-size agents (refugee families) on the many side of the market, to be assigned to entities (homes) with different capacities on the other side. A specific feature of this model is that it does not allow refugee families to be split between several homes. It is well known that many of the desirable properties of matching rules are unachievable in this framework. We introduce size-monotonic priority ranking over refugee families for each home, that is, a host family (home) would always prefer a greater number of members of refugee families until its capacity constraint binds. We show that a pairwise stable matching always exists under this assumption and we propose a mechanism to find it. We show that our mechanism is strategy-proof for refugees: no refugee family could benefit from misrepresenting his preferences. Our mechanism is also refugees optimal pairwise stable in the sense that there is no other pairwise stable mechanism that would be more profitable to all refugees.