Статті в журналах: "Mixed (NI)MoW catalysts"

1

Paraguay-Delgado, F., R. García-Alamilla, J. A. Lumbreras, E. Cizniega, and G. Alonso-Núñez. "Synthesis of Ni-Mo-W Sulfide Nanorods as Catalyst for Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 6406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18398.

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Two trimetallic sulfurs, MoWNiS and MoWSNi, were synthesized to be used as a catalyst in hydrodesulfurization reactions. The mixed oxide mesoporous nanostructured MoO3-WO3 with an Mo:W atomic ratio of 1:1 was used as the precursor. The first catalyst was prepared by impregnating nickel in the oxide precursor and then subsequent sulfiding with an H2S/H2 mix at 400 °C for 2 hours. The second catalyst was prepared by sulfiding the precursor and then impregnating the nickel, and finally reducing the material with a H2/N2 at 350 °C. In both catalysts the Mo:W:Ni atomic ratio was maintained at 1:1:0.5. The materials obtained were characterized by physical adsorption of nitrogen, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the materials obtained were evaluated by a dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfuration reaction. The diffraction patterns show that both materials are polycrystalline and mainly of MoS2 and WS2 phases.

2

Nikulshina, M. S., P. Blanchard, A. Mozhaev, C. Lancelot, A. Griboval-Constant, M. Fournier, E. Payen, et al. "Molecular approach to prepare mixed MoW alumina supported hydrotreatment catalysts using H4SiMonW12−nO40 heteropolyacids." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 21 (2018): 5557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00672e.

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3

El-Shobaky, G. A., and A. N. Al-Noaimi. "Surface properties of Ni-Al mixed oxide catalysts." Surface Technology 26, no. 3 (November 1985): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-4583(85)90120-7.

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4

Nikulshina, Maria, Alexander Mozhaev, Christine Lancelot, Maya Marinova, Pascal Blanchard, Edmond Payen, Carole Lamonier, and Pavel Nikulshin. "MoW synergetic effect supported by HAADF for alumina based catalysts prepared from mixed SiMonW12-n heteropolyacids." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 224 (May 2018): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.049.

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5

Al-Doghachi, Faris Jasim, Ali M. A. Al-Najar, M. Safa-Gamal, and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. "Catalytic Dry-reforming of Methane Process with Co,Ni,Pd/Ca-La-O Mixed Oxides." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 18, no. 4 (November 21, 2023): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.20053.

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A surfactant-assisted co-precipitation method was used to prepare the catalysts Co,Ni,Pd/CaO, Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.97La3+0.03O, Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.93La3+0.07O, and Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.85La3+0.15O (1% each of Co, Ni, and Pd). La2O3 doping effect on the activity and stability of Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalysts was investigated in dry reforming of methane. Catalysts were characterized by several techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Temperature Programmed Desorption H2 (H2-TPR), Transmission electron microscopes (TEM), and Temperature Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)) and were tested in a fixed-bed reactor at 900 °C and (Gas Hourly Specific Velocity (GHSV) = 15000 mL.gcat−1.h−1, atmospheric pressure). Adding La2O3 had little effect on the morphology of the Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalyst. However, it played a crucial role in enhancing the catalyst’s reducibility and CO2 adsorption at high temperatures, as indicated by the activity and stability of the Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalyst. The carbon deposition on utilized catalysts after 5 hours at 900 °C was examined using TEM and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Compared to Co,Ni,Pd/CaO catalysts across the entire temperature range, the tri-metallic Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.85La3+0.15O catalyst with a lanthanum promoter demonstrated a greater conversion of CH4 (84%) and CO2 (92 %) at a 1:1 CH4:CO2 ratio. The selectivity of H2/CO reduced in the following order: Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.85La3+0.15O > Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.93La3+0.07O > Co,Ni,Pd/Ca0.97La3+0.03O > Co,Ni,Pd/CaO. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

6

Conte, Francesco, Serena Esposito, Vladimiro Dal Santo, Alessandro Di Michele, Gianguido Ramis, and Ilenia Rossetti. "Flame Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mixed Oxides for Glycerol Steam Reforming." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030652.

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Flame spray pyrolysis was used to produce nanosized Ni-based catalysts starting from different mixed oxides. LaNiO3 and CeNiO3 were used as base materials and the formulation was varied by mixing them or incorporating variable amounts of ZrO2 or SrO during the synthesis. The catalysts were tested for the steam reforming of glycerol. One of the key problems for this application is the resistance to deactivation by sintering and coking, which may be increased by (1) improving Ni dispersion through the production of a Ni-La or Ni-Ce mixed oxide precursor, and then reduced; (2) using an oxide as ZrO2, which established a strong interaction with Ni and possesses high thermal resistance; (3) decreasing the surface acidity of ZrO2 through a basic promoter/support, such as La2O3; and (4) adding a promoter/support with very high oxygen mobility such as CeO2. A further key feature is the use of a high temperature synthesis, such as flame spray pyrolysis, to improve the overall thermal resistance of the oxides. These strategies proved effective to obtain active and stable catalysts at least for 20 h on stream with very limited coke formation.

7

Görlin, Mikaela, Petko Chernev, Paul Paciok, Cheuk-Wai Tai, Jorge Ferreira de Araújo, Tobias Reier, Marc Heggen, Rafal Dunin-Borkowski, Peter Strasser, and Holger Dau. "Formation of unexpectedly active Ni–Fe oxygen evolution electrocatalysts by physically mixing Ni and Fe oxyhydroxides." Chemical Communications 55, no. 6 (2019): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc06410e.

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8

Stoyanova, M., St Christoskova, and M. Georgieva. "Mixed Ni-Mn-oxide systems as catalysts for complete oxidation." Applied Catalysis A: General 249, no. 2 (August 2003): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(03)00228-x.

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9

Stoyanova, M., St Christoskova, and M. Georgieva. "Mixed Ni-Mn-oxide systems as catalysts for complete oxidation." Applied Catalysis A: General 249, no. 2 (August 2003): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(03)00229-1.

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10

Ovejero, G., A. Rodríguez, A. Vallet, P. Gómez, and J. García. "Catalytic wet air oxidation with Ni- and Fe-doped mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcites." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 10 (May 1, 2011): 2381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.513.

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Catalytic wet air oxidation of Basic Yellow 11 (BY11), a basic dye, was studied in a batch reactor. Layered double hydroxides with the hydrotalcite-like structure containing nickel or iron cations have been prepared by coprecipitation and subsequently calcined leading to Ni- and Fe-doped mixed oxides, respectively. Compared with the results in the wet air oxidation of BY11, these catalysts showed high activity for total organic carbon (TOC), toxicity and dye removal at 120 °C and 50 bars after 120 min. It has been demonstrated that the activity depended strongly on the presence of catalyst. The results show that catalysts containing nickel provide a higher extent of oxidation of the dye whereas the reaction carried out with the iron catalyst is faster. The Ni and Fe dispersion determined from the TPR results was higher for the catalysts with a lower Ni or Fe content and decreased for higher Ni or Fe contents. On the basis of activity and selectivity, the Ni containing catalyst with the medium (3%) Ni content was found to be the best catalyst. Finally, a relationship between metal content of the catalyst and reaction rate has been established.

11

Jirátová, Květa, Martin Čada, Iryna Naiko, Alina Ostapenko, Jana Balabánová, Martin Koštejn, Jaroslav Maixner, et al. "Plasma Jet Sputtering as an Efficient Method for the Deposition of Nickel and Cobalt Mixed Oxides on Stainless-Steel Meshes: Application to VOC Oxidation." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010079.

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Hollow cathode plasma sputtering is an advantageous method of preparing catalysts in the form of thin oxide films on supports. Such catalysts are particularly suitable for processes such as catalytic total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), representing an economically feasible and environmentally friendly method of VOC abatement. Catalysts with Ni:Co molar ratios of 1:4, 1:1, and 4:1 were prepared on stainless-steel meshes and compared with single-component Ni and Co oxide catalysts. The properties of the catalysts were characterized by EDX, SEM, powder XRD, temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. Powder XRD revealed the formation of various crystalline phases that were dependent on molar the Ni:Co ratio. NiO and Co3O4 were identified in the single-component Ni and Co oxide catalysts, whereas Ni-Co mixed oxides with a spinel structure, together with NiO, were found in the catalysts containing both Ni and Co. Raman spectra of the catalysts prepared at high working pressures showed a slightly lower intensity of bands, indicating the presence of smaller oxide particles. The TPR profiles confirmed the improved reducibility of the Ni-Co oxide catalysts compared to the single-component Ni and Co catalysts. Catalytic activity was investigated in the deep oxidation of ethanol and toluene, which were used as model volatile organic compounds. In ethanol oxidation, the activity of sputtered catalysts was up to 16 times higher than that of the commercial Cu-Mn oxide catalyst EnviCat® VOC-1544. The main benefits of the sputtered catalysts are the much lower content of Ni and Co oxides and a negligible effect of internal diffusion. Moreover, the process of plasma jet sputtering can be easily implemented on a large scale.

12

Pudi, Satyanarayana Murty, Tarak Mondal, Prakash Biswas, Shalini Biswas та Shishir Sinha. "Conversion of Glycerol into Value-Added Products Over Cu–Ni Catalyst Supported on γ-Al2O3 and Activated Carbon". International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 12, № 1 (1 січня 2014): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2013-0102.

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Abstract A series of Cu, Ni monometallic and bimetallic catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 and activated carbon were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method and examined for hydrogenolysis and esterification of glycerol. Hydrogenolysis reaction was carried out in a 250 ml Teflon-coated stainless steel batch reactor at 250°C and 10 bar H2 pressure, whereas esterification of glycerol with acetic acid was carried out at 120°C at atmospheric pressure. The physiochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by various techniques such as surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Characterization results dictated that the reduction behavior, acidic nature and the metal support interactions were varied with the support as well as Cu/Ni weight ratio. The XRD results confirmed the formation of mixed oxide Cu0.75Ni0.25 Al2O4 phase in Cu–Ni (3:1)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Among the catalysts tested, Cu–Ni bimetallic catalysts showed superior performance as compared to monometallic catalysts in both the reactions. The glycerol hydrogenolysis activity of γ-Al2O3 supported Cu–Ni catalysts was higher than the activated carbon-supported catalysts. 1,2-PDO was obtained as the main hydrogenolysis product independent of the support as well as Cu/Ni weight ratio and its selectivity was in the range of 92.8–98.5%. The acidic nature of γ-Al2O3 and the mixed oxide (Cu0.75Ni0.25Al2O4) phase played an important role for hydrogenolysis activity. Cu–Ni (3:1)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed the maximum 1,2-PDO selectivity to 97% with 27% glycerol conversion after a reaction time of 5 h. On the other hand, Cu–Ni(1:3)/C catalyst showed the highest glycerol conversion of 97.4% for esterification and obtained selectivity to monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 26.1%, 67.2% and 6.5%, respectively.

13

Popova, Margarita, Momtchil Dimitrov, Silviya Boycheva, Ivan Dimitrov, Filip Ublekov, Neli Koseva, Genoveva Atanasova, Daniela Karashanova та Ágnes Szegedi. "Ni-Cu and Ni-Co-Modified Fly Ash Zeolite Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone". Molecules 29, № 1 (22 грудня 2023): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010099.

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Monometallic (Ni, Co, Cu) and bimetallic (Ni-Co, Ni-Cu) 10–20 wt.% metal containing catalysts supported on fly ash zeolite were prepared by post-synthesis impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, N2 physisorption, XPS and H2-TPR methods. Finely dispersed metal oxides and mixed oxides were detected after the decomposition of the impregnating salt on the relevant zeolite support. Via reduction intermetallic, NiCo and NiCu phases were identified in the bimetallic catalysts. The catalysts were studied in hydrodeoxygenation of lignocellulosic biomass-derived levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in a batch system by water as a solvent. Bimetallic, 10 wt.% Ni, and 10 wt.% Cu or Co containing fly ash zeolite catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than monometallic ones. Their selectivity to GVL reached 70–85% at about 100% conversion. The hydrogenation activity of catalysts was found to be stronger compared to their hydration ability; therefore, the reaction proceeds through formation of 4-hydroxy pentanoic acid as the only intermediate compound.

14

Yu, Zhao Xiang, Shi Zhen Li, Qian Wu, Meng Zhi Chen, and Zhi Rong Zhu. "Hydrocracking of AATO on Ni/USY and Ni-Co/ USY Zeolite Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3699.

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A series of Ni and Ni-Co were maintained on a mixed support of USY (ultrastable Y) zeolite and active aluminum oxide. The catalysts were characterized by means of element analysis, BET and XRD. The characterization results suggested that the active metal components were introduced without changing the microstructure. Then catalytic hydrocracking activity was studied using AATO (distillate of coal tar) in a tubular reactor. AATO conversion was 39.40% and 41.37% using the 10%Ni/USY catalyst and 10%Ni-6%Co/USY catalyst, the hightest total selectivity of benzene and xylol was 67.1% in 10%Ni-10%Co/USY catalyst than others under the reaction conditions studied [T=480°C, P=4.5MPa, LHSV=3.0h-1].

15

Smal, Ekaterina, Yulia Bespalko, Marina Arapova, Valeria Fedorova, Konstantin Valeev, Nikita Eremeev, Ekaterina Sadovskaya, et al. "Dry Reforming of Methane over 5%Ni/Ce1-xTixO2 Catalysts Obtained via Synthesis in Supercritical Isopropanol." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 9680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119680.

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A series of 5%Ni/Ce1-xTixO2 catalysts was prepared with nickel impregnation of mixed Ce–Ti oxides obtained via synthesis in supercritical isopropanol. All oxides have a cubic fluorite phase structure. Ti is incorporated into the fluorite structure. Small amounts of impurities of TiO2 or mixed Ce–Ti oxides appear with Ti introduction. Supported Ni is presented as the NiO or NiTiO3 perovskite phase. Ti introduction increases total samples reducibility and results in stronger interaction of supported Ni with the oxide support. The fraction of rapidly replaced oxygen and the average tracer diffusion coefficient also increase. The number of metallic nickel sites decreased with increasing Ti content. All catalysts except Ni-CeTi0.45 demonstrate close activity in tests of dry reforming of methane. The lower activity of Ni-CeTi0.45 can be connected to Ni decoration with species of the oxide support. The incorporation of Ti prevents detachment of Ni particles from the surface and their sintering during dry reforming of methane.

16

Archila, Katherine, Ana María Campos, Lorena Lugo, Crispín Astolfo Celis, Sonia Moreno, Tomas Ramirez Reina, and Alejandro Pérez-Flórez. "Influence of the Active Phase (Fe, Ni, and Ni–Fe) of Mixed Oxides in CWAO of Crystal Violet." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091053.

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The catalytic oxidation of aqueous crystal violet (CV) solutions was investigated using Ni and Fe catalysts supported over Mg–Al oxides synthesized by the autocombustion method. The influence of temperature, loading, and selectivity were studied in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of CV. The kind of metal had an important contribution in the redox process as significant differences were observed between Fe, Ni, and their mixtures. The catalysts with only Fe as active phase were more efficient for the oxidation of CV under normal conditions (T = 25 °C and atmospheric pressure) compared to those containing Ni, revealing the influence of the transition metal on catalytic properties. It was found that iron-containing materials displayed enhanced textural properties. The synthesis of Fe/MgAl catalysts by the autocombustion method led to solids with excellent catalytic behavior, 100% CV degradation in eight hours of reaction, 68% selectivity to CO2, and significant reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD).

17

Ehrich, Heike, and Elka Kraleva. "AlZn based Co and Ni catalysts for the partial oxidation of bioethanol — influence of different synthesis procedures." Open Chemistry 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0573-8.

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AbstractThe catalytic performance of Co and Ni catalysts on AlZn mixed oxide supports depends on the synthesis procedure used for their preparation. For this study CoAlZn and NiAlZn catalysts were prepared by conventional sol-gel synthesis of the mixed oxide and subsequent impregnation of the support with the transition metal (SG = sol gel method) as well as by a single-step method were a gel is formed based on salts of all components using citric acid as chelating agent (CM = citrate method). The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by nitrogen sorption, XRD and TPR measurements. They showed high activity in the partial oxidation of ethanol at 600–750 °C, but their properties depend on the preparation method. The higher performance of the catalysts prepared by the citrate method, where the transition metal is incorporated into the crystal structure of the support during preparation, is based on a change in morphology and structure, resulting in more active sites exposed on the surface. Compared to the Co catalysts, Ni catalysts showed a higher performance. This might be due to the higher reducibility and the smaller Ni particles size, which allows a better interaction with the support in NiAlZn catalysts.

18

Daza, Carlos Enrique, Fanor Mondragón, Sonia Moreno, and Rafael Molina. "CO2 reforming of methane over Ni-Mg-Al-Ce mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcites: Mg/Ni ratio effect." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 57 (February 28, 2013): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14645.

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Ni-Ce/Mg-Al catalysts were obtained by means of the hydrotalcite reconstruction method in the presence of [Ce(EDTA)]- complex. The effect of the Mg/Ni ratio was studied when the mixed oxide was reconstructed with 3 wt. % Ce loadings. The materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR-H2), Temperature-Programmed Oxidation (TPO) and CO2Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD-CO2). The reduced catalysts were tested in CO2 reforming of methane under two operation regimens: i) reaction between 500 to 800ºC using volumetric ratios of CH4/CO2/Ar=5/5/40 and, ii) isothermal reaction at 700ºC using volumetric ratios of CH4/CO2=18/22 without diluent gas. The solids showed strong basic characteristics and high Ni-surface interactions which determined their catalytic performance. Catalysts with Mg/Ni molar ratios of 2 and 4 showed high CH4 and CO2 conversions with H2/CO molar ratios between 0.7 and 1.1 without coke formation under severe isothermal reaction conditions. The yields and activities were higher when reduction increased.

19

Wang, Jun, Mei Lin Jia, Meng Gen Tuya, Jiang Wang, and Zhao Ri Ge Tu Bao. "The Performance of Au-Pd/Ni-Al-O for Heck Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.494.

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Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles supported on Ni-Al mixed oxide were prepared by impregnation-reduction method. Characterizations of the catalysts were applied by X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectrum. The bimetallic catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity in Heck reaction under mild conditions. Due to the easy separation of solid catalyst, it is thought as environmental friendly and these catalysts will be potential material in the synthesis of fine chemistry.

20

Zhu, Yuan-Xin, Lei Zhang, Guo-Gang Zhu, Xin Zhang, and Shih-Yuan Lu. "Open-mouth N-doped carbon nanoboxes embedded with mixed metal phosphide nanoparticles as high-efficiency catalysts for electrolytic water splitting." Nanoscale 12, no. 10 (2020): 5848–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00051e.

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Open-mouth N-doped carbon nanoboxes with embedded mixed metal phosphide nanoparticles, E-(Fe–Ni)P@CC/(Co–Ni)P@CC, were designed and fabricated as highly efficient and durable catalysts for electrolytic water splitting.

21

Amaya, Sandra, Yordy Licea, Maurin Salamanca, Arnaldo Faro, Adriana Echavarría, and Luz Amparo Palacio. "Unsupported sulfides obtained from high specific area mixed oxides as hydrotreating catalysts." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 56 (February 28, 2013): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14653.

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Several bimetallic Ni-Mo, Co-Mo and Co-W materials were prepared by co-precipitation and a Ni-W material through hydrothermal synthesis. The characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of molybdates confirmed the formation of layered fy phase, while the tungstates showed both fy semi-crystalline and wolframite. The thermal analyses (TGA and DTA) of these materials showed phase transition around 400°C, excepting by CoMofy to 350°C; these temperatures were selected to calcine the bimetallic precursors to obtain mixed oxides, which exhibited high specific surface areas as compared to analogous materials reported by different synthesis pathways. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the phase formation of the species in precursors and mixed oxides. The catalytic activity of the sulfurated mixed oxides was simultaneously evaluated in the hydrodesulphurization (HDS) of dibenzotiophene (DBT) and the hydrogenation (HYD) of tetraline. Results showed a similar behavior to commercial catalysts. The effect of promotors (Ni and Co) is discussed.

22

Nesterov, Nikolay S., Vera P. Pakharukova, Alexey A. Philippov, Evgeny Y. Gerasimov, Sergey V. Tsybulya, and Oleg N. Martyanov. "Synthesis of Catalytic Precursors Based on Mixed Ni-Al Oxides by Supercritical Antisolvent Co-Precipitation." Catalysts 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12121597.

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Mixed Ni-Al oxide catalytic precursors with different elemental ratios (20, 50, and 80 wt.% Ni0) were synthesized using green supercritical antisolvent co-precipitation (SAS). The obtained oxide precursors and metal catalysts were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, CO adsorption, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It was found that the composition and structure of the Ni-Al precursors are related to the Ni content. The mixed Ni1−xAlxO oxide with NiO-based crystal structure was formed in the Ni-enriched sample, whereas the highly dispersed NiAl2O4 spinel was observed in the Al-enriched sample. The obtained metal catalysts were tested in the process of anisole H2-free hydrogenation. 2-PrOH was used as a hydrogen donor. The catalyst with 50 wt.% Ni0 demonstrated the highest activity in the hydrogenation process.

23

Koubaissy, B., A. Pietraszek, A. C. Roger, and A. Kiennemann. "CO2 reforming of methane over Ce-Zr-Ni-Me mixed catalysts." Catalysis Today 157, no. 1-4 (November 17, 2010): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.01.050.

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24

Hao, Zhenjiong, Xiaoshen Li, Ye Tian, Tong Ding, Guohui Yang, Qingxiang Ma, Noritatsu Tsubaki, and Xingang Li. "Influence of Carbon Content in Ni-Doped Mo2C Catalysts on CO Hydrogenation to Mixed Alcohol." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020230.

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Herein, we synthesize the Ni-doped Mo2C catalysts by a one-pot preparation method to illuminate the effect of the number of carbon atoms in Mo2C lattice on CO hydrogenation to mixed alcohol. The Ni doping inhibits the agglomeration of Mo2C crystals into large particles and the surface carbon deposition, which increase the active surface area. In addition, the interaction between Ni and Mo increases the electron cloud density of Mo species and promotes the non-dissociative adsorption and insertion of CO. Especially, our results indicate that with the increase of the nickel content, the number of carbon atoms in Mo2C lattice on the surface of the catalyst shows a volcano type variation. The low carbon content induces the formation of coordination unsaturated molybdenum species which exhibit the higher catalytic activity and mixed alcohol selectivity than other molybdenum species. Among the catalysts, the MC-Ni-1.5 catalyst with Ni/Mo molar ratio of 1.5:8.5, which has the largest amount of coordination unsaturated molybdenum species, shows the highest space-time yield of mixed alcohols, which is three times higher than that of the Mo2C catalyst.

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Zhang, Guoqing, Qingguo Mao, Yiqun Yue, Ruitong Gao, Yajing Duan, and Hui Du. "Ni-based catalysts supported on Hbeta zeolite for the hydrocracking of waste polyolefins." RSC Advances 14, no. 23 (2024): 15856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra02809k.

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Colon, Jorge L. "Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Supported on Layered Zirconium Phosphate Nanomaterials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (August 28, 2023): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362010mtgabs.

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Recently, we have demonstrated improved electrocatalytic activity of layered zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanomaterials loaded with earth-abundant metal ions suitable as catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We compared the catalytic efficiency of ZrP nanoparticles ion-exchanged with transition metals (Fe, Ni, Co) in the interior of the layers as well as in the external surface to a system in which the metal catalysts are confined exclusively on the external ZrP surface. Linear sweep voltammetry revealed that the electrocatalytic systems with metal catalysts on the external ZrP nanomaterials’ surface had improved OER activity compared to systems with metals intercalated in the ZrP interlayers. This result prompted us to study a system of exfoliated ZrP particles which provide only external surfaces to the electrocatalytic metal ions. A comparison between adsorbed Co or Ni catalysts on ZrP nanoparticles and those same catalysts on exfoliated ZrP nanoplatelets proved that the later systems were more active, with diminished overpotentials and reduced Tafel plot slopes. Comparison between Co and Ni catalyst on ZrP particles with different morphologies (hexagonal platelets, rods, cubes, and spheres) revealed that the more active Co catalysts are those on hexagonal ZrP platelets, whereas the best Ni catalysts are those on ZrP spheres. More recently, efficient OER catalysts were obtained with cobalt porphyrin molecular electrocatalysts both intercalated in ZrP and adsorbed on exfoliated ZrP nanoplatelets. Mixed metal NiFe-intercalated ZrP electrocatalysts at 90% Fe metal content proved to have superior OER electrocatalytic performance (decreased overpotentials, increased mass activities, reduced Tafel slopes) compared to adsorbed counterparts. We are exploring OER activities of other mixed-metal catalysts on ZrP, bifunctional catalysts, and operando synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies to elucidate the nature of the active species.

27

Nadeina, Ksenia A., Sergey V. Budukva, Yuliya V. Vatutina, Polina P. Mukhacheva, Evgeniy Yu Gerasimov, Vera P. Pakharukova, Igor P. Prosvirin, et al. "Optimal Choice of the Preparation Procedure and Precursor Composition for a Bulk Ni–Mo–W Catalyst." Inorganics 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020089.

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Among the known synthesis procedures and reagents for unsupported Ni–Mo–W catalysts, there is no consensus about optimal preparation conditions of their precursors. In the present work, Ni–Mo–W precursors were prepared via three preparation techniques—hydrothermal synthesis, precipitation method and spray drying—after the synthesis of complex compounds in solution. Ni–Mo–W precursors were studied by the XRD analysis, SEM methods, Raman and UV-vis spectroscopies and XPS measurements and used for the hydrotreatment of straight-run gasoil. Precursors prepared by hydrothermal synthesis contain particles with stacked plate shapes, while other methods provide spherical particles. The formation of different amounts of individual molybdates, tungstates or mixed phases such as W1−xMoxO3 possibly doped by Ni was detected. The precipitation technique results in the formation of spheres, with W located at the center and is unavailable for catalysis. The catalytic activity increased when all active metals are available for the feedstock, and a more mixed phase containing Ni, Mo and W is formed. This mixed phase is realized when the synthesis of the Ni–Mo–W precursors is carried out in solution followed by spray drying. The resulting catalyst has 1.2–4 times higher activity than catalysts prepared by other methods.

28

Yang, Min, Dian Jun Han, Guo Fu Li, Bo Ning, and Hong Tao Cui. "Characterization of Nano Ni/MgO-ZrO₂ Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.396.

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Catalysts of Ni/MgO-ZrO2 were synthesized by the impregnation method and co-precipitation. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microcopy (SEM). It was observed that the monoclinic ZrO2 turned to tetragonal ZrO2 with the Mg2+ mixed. The tetragonal phase ZrO2 is considered as the desired phase which exhibits both acidity and basicity, and active in many heterogeneous catalytic systems. The NiO-MgO solid solution is also discovered on the surface of catalysts. Since the formation of carbon deposit needs a certain size of metal Ni, so the solid solution inhibited the reduced state Ni agglomeration .

29

Saeedi, Soroosh, Xuan Trung Nguyen, Filippo Bossola, Claudio Evangelisti, and Vladimiro Dal Dal Santo. "Methane Reforming Processes: Advances on Mono- and Bimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts Supported on Mg-Al Mixed Oxides." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020379.

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Ni-based catalysts supported on Mg-Al mixed oxides (Mg(Al)O) have been intensively investigated as catalysts for CH4 reforming processes (i.e., steam reforming (SMR) and dry reforming (DRM)), which are pivotal actors in the expanding H2 economy. In this review, we provide for the first time an in-depth analysis of homo- and bimetallic Ni-based catalysts supported on Mg(Al)O supports reported to date in the literature and used for SMR and DRM processes. Particular attention is devoted to the role of the synthesis protocols on the structural and morphological properties of the final catalytic materials, which are directly related to their catalytic performance. It turns out that the addition of a small amount of a second metal to Ni (bimetallic catalysts), in some cases, is the most practicable way to improve the catalyst durability. In addition, besides more conventional approaches (i.e., impregnation and co-precipitation), other innovative synthesis methods (e.g., sol-gel, atomic layer deposition, redox reactions) and pretreatments (e.g., plasma-based treatments) have shown relevant improvements in identifying and controlling the interaction among the constituents most useful to improve the overall H2 productivity.

30

Toboonsung, B., and Pisith Singjai. "Growth Conditions for Carbon Nanotubes and Helical Nanofibers on Copper Substrates Using Sparked Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.561.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and helical nanofibers (HNFs) were selectively grown on copper substrates by chemical vapor deposition using acetylene as a carbon source. The experiments were carried out by using Ni, Fe and Co as single and co-catalysts which were deposited onto the substrates by a sparking method. The catalyst-coated copper substrates were heated at 750°C in a mixed-gas-flowing tube furnace, at an argon flow rate of 100 ml/min and various acetylene flow rates of 3, 5 and 10 ml/min. The larger diameter of HNFs was grown only on Ni and Ni-Fe catalysts at the acetylene flow rates of 5 and 10 ml/min whereas the uniform smaller diameter of CNTs was preferentially grown on Fe-Co and Ni-Fe catalysts at the flow rate of 3 ml/min. We suggest that Co likely prevents the formation of HNFs whereas Ni promotes.

31

Ruheng, A., Jiang Wang, and Zhao Ri Ge Tu Bao. "A Novel Active Ni-Ce-Al-Mixed Oxide Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1098.

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Ni-Ce-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with various Ni:Ce:Al molar ratios (3: 0.1:0.9, 3:0.2:0.8 and 3:0.5:0.5) were prepared by Co-precipitation. Ce can replace Al in a wide range of Ce/Al ratios to form Ni-Ce-Al-LDH with the unique layered structure of hydrotalcite. After the calcined at 600°C, LDHs samples were converted to mesoporous NiO-CeO2mixed oxides with a high surface area. The Ni-Ce-Al mixed oxide catalysts exhibit superior catalytic activity in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane and the excellent activities were attributed to mesoporous structure and the suppression of coke deposition.

32

Kim, Dong Jin, D. Mishra, D. E. Ralph, Jong Gwan Ahn, and Y. H. Rhee. "Application of Mesophilic Mixed Micro-Organisms for Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Refinery Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.119.

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Bioleaching of pre-treated spent refinery catalyst was performed using sulfur and iron oxidizing bacteria separately. Both the mixed cultures were grown at various concentration of either ferrous sulfate or elemental sulfur. Bioleaching process was conducted by varying the reaction time, effect of substrates and effect of catalyst amount. Under the most favourable transport conditions examined, (5g/L spent catalysts, 10g/L ferrous sulfate, reaction time 7 days) the mixed iron oxidizing bacteria were able to recover Ni, V, and Mo of 90, 80 and 54 % respectively. Higher catalyst and ferrous sulfate concentration showed decline result in recovery of Mo and V. Ni showed consistent results throughout the series of experiments (88 to 90% recovery). The mixed sulfur oxidizing bacteria were observed to be more effective than the iron oxidizing bacteria. The sulfur oxidizing cells were able to recover Ni, V and Mo of 88, 94 and 46 % respectively (spent catalysts 50g/L, elemental sulfur of 2% (w/v), reaction time 7 days). The oxidation of elemental sulfur to sulfate could play a vital role for extraction of the metals.

33

Shahbaz, Ahmad, Ali Afaf, Nawaz Tahir, Ullah Abid, and Saher Saim. "Non Precious Metal Catalysts: A Fuel Cell and ORR Study of Thermally Synthesized Nickel and Platinum Mixed Nickel Nanotubes for PEMFC." Key Engineering Materials 875 (February 2021): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.193.

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A highly active Platinum Group Metal (PGM) and non-PGM electrocatalysts with thermally extruded nanotubes have been prepared for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell by sintering Nickel zeolitic imidazole framework (Ni-ZIF). Preeminent electro-catalytic activities have been observed through single fuel cell tests and rotating disk electrode (RDE). This study involves the comparison of Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) activities and fuel cell (FC) test station performance of two catalyst Nickel and Platinum mixed Nickel nanotubes (Ni NT, Ni/Pt NT) respectively. The acidic cells with corresponding Ni and Ni/Pt catalysts delivers peak power densities of 325 mWcm-2 and 455 mWcm-2 at 75 °C inside fuel cell. Our results indicate that, the synthesized Nickel nanotubes has profound effect on catalytic performance of both PGM and non-PGM electro catalysts.

34

Pengpanich, Sitthiphong, Vissanu Meeyoo, and Thirasak Rirksomboon. "Methane partial oxidation over Ni/CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxide solid solution catalysts." Catalysis Today 93-95 (September 2004): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.079.

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35

Solsona, B., J. M. López Nieto, P. Concepción, A. Dejoz, F. Ivars, and M. I. Vázquez. "Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over Ni–W–O mixed metal oxide catalysts." Journal of Catalysis 280, no. 1 (May 2011): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2011.02.010.

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36

Liu, Zhenxing, Jiang Wang, Kailu Wu, Aiju Xu, and Meilin Jia. "Low-temperature oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over NiV mixed oxides derived from LDH precursors." APL Materials 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 040701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144860.

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A series of NiV mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalysts were derived from the NiV layered double hydroxides (LDHs) synthesized by the constant pH coprecipitation method. The synthesis parameters, (i) Ni/V molar ratio and (ii) calcination temperature ( Tp), were controlled. The MMO catalysts were characterized by physicochemical characterization techniques and then tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). The results showed that the calcination temperature affected the crystalline phase formation and grain size of NiO, as well as the activated temperature of propane, and the addition of V greatly regulated the activity and quantity of the surface oxygen species and improved the propylene selectivity. 4NiV-500 catalyst (Ni/V = 4, Tp = 500 °C) exhibited the best catalytic performance at low temperature (250 °C) with an initial propylene selectivity of about 70%. Therefore, it is an effective method to obtain NiV MMO catalysts with excellent low-temperature activity for ODHP, using LDHs as the precursors while controlling the appropriate amount of V and calcination temperature simultaneously.

37

Yin, Zhuoxun, Shu Zhang, Jinlong Li, Shangkun Ma, Wei Chen, Xinzhi Ma, Yang Zhou, Zhuanfang Zhang, and Xin Wang. "In situ fabrication of a Ni–Fe–S hollow hierarchical sphere: an efficient (pre)catalyst for OER and HER." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 29 (2021): 12996–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj02382a.

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38

Obalová, Lucie, František Kovanda, Květuše Jirátová, Kateřina Pacultová, and Zdenek Lacný. "Application of Calcined Layered Double Hydroxides as Catalysts for Abatement of N2O Emissions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 1045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20081045.

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The results of catalytic decomposition of N2O over mixed oxide catalysts obtained by calcination of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are summarized. Mixed oxides were prepared by thermal treatment (500 °C) of coprecipitated LDH precursors with general chemical composition of MII1-xMIIIx(OH)2(CO3)x/2·yH2O, where MII was Ni, Co, Cu and/or Mg, MIII was Mn, Fe and/or Al, and the MII/MIII molar ratio was adjusted to 2. The influence of chemical composition of the MII-MIII mixed oxide catalysts on their activity and stability in N2O decomposition was examined. The highest N2O conversion was reached over Ni-Al (4:2) and Co-Mn-Al (4:1:1) catalysts. Their suitability for practical application was proved in simulated process stream in the presence of O2, NO, NO2 and H2O. It was found that N2O conversion decreased with increasing amount of oxygen in the feed. The presence of NO in the feed caused a slight decrease in N2O conversion. A strong decrease in the reaction rate was observed over the Ni-Al catalyst in the presence of NO2 while no N2O conversion decrease was observed over the Co-Mn-Al catalyst. Water vapor inhibited the N2O decomposition over all tested catalysts. The obtained kinetic data for N2O decomposition in a simulated process stream over the Co-Mn-Al catalyst were used for a preliminary reactor design. The packed bed volume necessary for N2O emission abatement in a HNO3 production plant was calculated as 35 m3 for waste gas flow rate of 30 000 m3 h-1.

39

Dębek, Radosław, Monika Motak, Dorota Duraczyska, Franck Launay, Maria Elena Galvez, Teresa Grzybek, and Patrick Da Costa. "Methane dry reforming over hydrotalcite-derived Ni–Mg–Al mixed oxides: the influence of Ni content on catalytic activity, selectivity and stability." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 17 (2016): 6705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy00906a.

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40

Giménez-Marqués, Mónica, Andrea Santiago-Portillo, Sergio Navalón, Mercedes Álvaro, Valérie Briois, Farid Nouar, Hermenegildo Garcia, and Christian Serre. "Exploring the catalytic performance of a series of bimetallic MIL-100(Fe, Ni) MOFs." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 35 (2019): 20285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01948k.

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Stable mixed-metal Fe^III/Ni^II MIL-100 MOFs have been synthesized de novo and have been explored as superior heterogeneous catalysts in acid catalyzed reactions, presenting superior performances.

41

Hudy, Camillo, Olga Długosz, Joanna Gryboś, Filip Zasada, Aneta Krasowska, Janusz Janas, and Zbigniew Sojka. "Catalytic performance of mixed M_xCo_3−xO₄ (M = Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) spinels obtained by combustion synthesis for preferential carbon monoxide oxidation (CO-PROX): insights into the factors controlling catalyst selectivity and activity." Catalysis Science & Technology 12, no. 8 (2022): 2446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cy00388k.

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42

Fedorova, Zaliya A., Vadim A. Borisov, Vera P. Pakharukova, Evgeniy Y. Gerasimov, Vladimir D. Belyaev, Tatyana I. Gulyaeva, Dmitriy A. Shlyapin, and Pavel V. Snytnikov. "Layered Double Hydroxide-Derived Ni-Mg-Al Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition Process: Synthesis and Characterization." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2023): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040678.

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Layered Ni-Mg-Al hydroxides with (Ni + Mg)/Al = 2.5 differing in Mg/Ni ratios and related oxide systems have been synthesized and characterized. Ni-Mg-Al hydroxides were prepared by the coprecipitation method. It was found that the samples dried at 110 °C were layered Ni-Mg-Al hydroxides with a hydrotalcite-type structure. After the heat treatment at 600 °C, the formation of Ni-Mg-Al-mixed oxides with a specific nanostructure, an intermediate between a NaCl and spinel structure, took place. According to XRD data, it had the unit cell parameter a = 4.174–4.181 Å, and a crystallite size of 4.0 nm. The specific surface area of the Ni-Mg-Al samples dried at 110 °C was 45–54 m2/g, and that of those calcined at 600 °C was 156.1–209.1 m2/g. In agreement with HRTEM data, in all the synthesized nickel catalysts reduced at 700 °C (H2), particle size was mainly distributed between 15–20 nm. The catalyst activity of LDH-derived Ni-Mg-Al catalysts in ammonia decomposition was studied in a fixed-bed flow-type reactor at an atmospheric pressure within the temperature range 500–700 °C. The synthesized catalysts overcame existing analogues in catalytic performance. At a process temperature of 500 °C, the Ni2Mg3Al2-HT catalyst showed that the H2 productivity was 23.8 mmol/(gcat·min), exceeding the respective value of nickel catalysts reported in the literature.

43

Scheidtmann, Jens, Daniel Klär, Jens W Saalfrank, Timm Schmidt, and Wilhelm F Maier. "Quantitative Composition Activity Relationships (QCAR) of Co-Ni-Mn-Mixed Oxide and M1-M2-Mixed Oxide Catalysts." QSAR & Combinatorial Science 24, no. 2 (March 2005): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200420017.

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44

Ali, Hadi, Tom Vandevyvere, Jeroen Lauwaert, Sushil Kumar Kansal, Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan, and Joris W. Thybaut. "Impact of oxygen vacancies in Ni supported mixed oxide catalysts on anisole hydrodeoxygenation." Catalysis Communications 164 (April 2022): 106436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106436.

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45

Zhang, Xinghua, Jinxing Long, Wei Kong, Qi Zhang, Luangang Chen, Tiejun Wang, Longlong Ma, and Yuping Li. "Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-oil over Ni-Based Catalysts Supported on Mixed Oxides." Energy & Fuels 28, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 2562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef402421j.

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46

Yurchenko, E. N., N. G. Zubritskaya, O. G. Korolkova, G. N. Kustova, A. V. Ziborov, and L. M. Plyasova. "Development of phase composition for mixed Ni−Cu chromite catalysts. Conversions under calcination." Reaction Kinetics & Catalysis Letters 44, no. 1 (June 1991): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02068410.

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47

Liu, Yanyong, Kazuhisa Murata, Megumu Inaba, Isao Takahara, and Kiyomi Okabe. "Mixed alcohols synthesis from syngas over Cs- and Ni-modified Cu/CeO2 catalysts." Fuel 104 (February 2013): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.08.014.

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48

Kathiraser, Y., J. Ashok, and S. Kawi. "Synthesis and evaluation of highly dispersed SBA-15 supported Ni–Fe bimetallic catalysts for steam reforming of biomass derived tar reaction." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 12 (2016): 4327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01910a.

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Highly dispersed Ni–Fe bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous SBA-15 were synthesized via an incipient wetness impregnation method by impregnation of a small amount of oleic acid mixed with a metal precursor on the SBA-15 support.

49

Sophiana, Intan Clarissa, Ferry Iskandar, Hary Devianto, Norikazu Nishiyama, and Yogi Wibisono Budhi. "Coke-Resistant Ni/CeZrO2 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane to Produce Hydrogen-Rich Syngas." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091556.

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Dry reforming of methane was studied over high-ratio zirconia in ceria-zirconia-mixed oxide-supported Ni catalysts. The catalyst was synthesized using co-precipitation and impregnation methods. The effects of the catalyst support and Ni composition on the physicochemical characteristics and performance of the catalysts were investigated. Characterization of the physicochemical properties was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, H2-TPR, and CO2-TPD. The results of the activity and stability evaluations of the synthesized catalysts over a period of 240 min at a temperature of 700 °C, atmospheric pressure, and WHSV of 60,000 mL g−1 h−1 showed that the 10%Ni/CeZrO2 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance, with conversions of CH4 and CO2 up to 74% and 55%, respectively, being reached. The H2/CO ratio in the product was 1.4, which is higher than the stoichiometric ratio of 1, indicating a higher formation of H2. The spent catalysts showed minimal carbon deposition based on the thermo-gravimetry analysis, which was <0.01 gC/gcat, so carbon deposition could be neglected.

50

Khajonvittayakul, Chalempol, Vut Tongnan, Suksun Amornraksa, Navadol Laosiripojana, Matthew Hartley, and Unalome Wetwatana Hartley. "CO2 Hydrogenation to Synthetic Natural Gas over Ni, Fe and Co–Based CeO2–Cr2O3." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101159.

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CO2 methanation was studied over monometallic catalyst, i.e., Ni, Fe and Co; on CeO2-Cr2O3 support. The catalysts were prepared using one-pot hydrolysis of mixed metal nitrates and ammonium carbonate. Physicochemical properties of the pre- and post-exposure catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Hydrogen Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The screening of three dopants over CeO2-Cr2O3 for CO2 methanation was conducted in a milli-packed bed reactor. Ni-based catalyst was proven to be the most effective catalyst among all. Thus, a group of NiO/CeO2-Cr2O3 catalysts with Ni loading was investigated further. 40 % NiO/CeO2-Cr2O3 exhibited the highest CO2 conversion of 97.67% and CH4 selectivity of 100% at 290 °C. The catalytic stability of NiO/CeO2-Cr2O3 was tested towards the CO2 methanation reaction over 50 h of time-on-stream experiment, showing a good stability in term of catalytic activity.

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