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1
Lancaster, Ross. "Federalism and Civil Conflict: the Missing Link?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149626/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates federalism and civil conflict. Past work linking federalism and civil conflict has investigated the factors that pacify or aggravate conflict, but most such studies have examined the effect of decentralization on conflict onset, as opposed to the form federalism takes (such as congruent vs incongruent forms, for example). I collect data on civil conflict, the institutional characteristics of federalist states and fiscal decentralization. My theoretical expectations are that federations who treat federal subjects differently than others, most commonly in an ethnically based manner, are likely to experience greater levels of conflict incidence and more severe conflict. I find support for these expectations, suggesting more ethnically based federations are a detriment to peace preservation. I close with case studies that outline three different paths federations have taken with regards to their federal subunits.
2
Wu, Paul Pao-Yen. "Multi-objective mission flight planning in civil unmanned aerial systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31322/1/Paul_Wu_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as an ideal platform for a wide range of civil applications such as disaster monitoring, atmospheric observation and outback delivery. However, the operation of UAVs is currently restricted to specially segregated regions of airspace outside of the National Airspace System (NAS). Mission Flight Planning (MFP) is an integral part of UAV operation that addresses some of the requirements (such as safety and the rules of the air) of integrating UAVs in the NAS. Automated MFP is a key enabler for a number of UAV operating scenarios as it aids in increasing the level of onboard autonomy. For example, onboard MFP is required to ensure continued conformance with the NAS integration requirements when there is an outage in the communications link. MFP is a motion planning task concerned with finding a path between a designated start waypoint and goal waypoint. This path is described with a sequence of 4 Dimensional (4D) waypoints (three spatial and one time dimension) or equivalently with a sequence of trajectory segments (or tracks). It is necessary to consider the time dimension as the UAV operates in a dynamic environment. Existing methods for generic motion planning, UAV motion planning and general vehicle motion planning cannot adequately address the requirements of MFP. The flight plan needs to optimise for multiple decision objectives including mission safety objectives, the rules of the air and mission efficiency objectives. Online (in-flight) replanning capability is needed as the UAV operates in a large, dynamic and uncertain outdoor environment. This thesis derives a multi-objective 4D search algorithm entitled Multi- Step A* (MSA*) based on the seminal A* search algorithm. MSA* is proven to find the optimal (least cost) path given a variable successor operator (which enables arbitrary track angle and track velocity resolution). Furthermore, it is shown to be of comparable complexity to multi-objective, vector neighbourhood based A* (Vector A*, an extension of A*). A variable successor operator enables the imposition of a multi-resolution lattice structure on the search space (which results in fewer search nodes). Unlike cell decomposition based methods, soundness is guaranteed with multi-resolution MSA*. MSA* is demonstrated through Monte Carlo simulations to be computationally efficient. It is shown that multi-resolution, lattice based MSA* finds paths of equivalent cost (less than 0.5% difference) to Vector A* (the benchmark) in a third of the computation time (on average). This is the first contribution of the research. The second contribution is the discovery of the additive consistency property for planning with multiple decision objectives. Additive consistency ensures that the planner is not biased (which results in a suboptimal path) by ensuring that the cost of traversing a track using one step equals that of traversing the same track using multiple steps. MSA* mitigates uncertainty through online replanning, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and tolerance. Each trajectory segment is modeled with a cell sequence that completely encloses the trajectory segment. The tolerance, measured as the minimum distance between the track and cell boundaries, is the third major contribution. Even though MSA* is demonstrated for UAV MFP, it is extensible to other 4D vehicle motion planning applications. Finally, the research proposes a self-scheduling replanning architecture for MFP. This architecture replicates the decision strategies of human experts to meet the time constraints of online replanning. Based on a feedback loop, the proposed architecture switches between fast, near-optimal planning and optimal planning to minimise the need for hold manoeuvres. The derived MFP framework is original and shown, through extensive verification and validation, to satisfy the requirements of UAV MFP. As MFP is an enabling factor for operation of UAVs in the NAS, the presented work is both original and significant.
3
Boomkamp, Henno J. "Combination of altimetry data from different satellite missions." Thesis, Aston University, 1998. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14151/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Substantial altimetry datasets collected by different satellites have only become available during the past five years, but the future will bring a variety of new altimetry missions, both parallel and consecutive in time. The characteristics of each produced dataset vary with the different orbital heights and inclinations of the spacecraft, as well as with the technical properties of the radar instrument. An integral analysis of datasets with different properties offers advantages both in terms of data quantity and data quality. This thesis is concerned with the development of the means for such integral analysis, in particular for dynamic solutions in which precise orbits for the satellites are computed simultaneously. The first half of the thesis discusses the theory and numerical implementation of dynamic multi-satellite altimetry analysis. The most important aspect of this analysis is the application of dual satellite altimetry crossover points as a bi-directional tracking data type in simultaneous orbit solutions. The central problem is that the spatial and temporal distributions of the crossovers are in conflict with the time-organised nature of traditional solution methods. Their application to the adjustment of the orbits of both satellites involved in a dual crossover therefore requires several fundamental changes of the classical least-squares prediction/correction methods. The second part of the thesis applies the developed numerical techniques to the problems of precise orbit computation and gravity field adjustment, using the altimetry datasets of ERS-1 and TOPEX/Poseidon. Although the two datasets can be considered less compatible that those of planned future satellite missions, the obtained results adequately illustrate the merits of a simultaneous solution technique. In particular, the geographically correlated orbit error is partially observable from a dataset consisting of crossover differences between two sufficiently different altimetry datasets, while being unobservable from the analysis of altimetry data of both satellites individually. This error signal, which has a substantial gravity-induced component, can be employed advantageously in simultaneous solutions for the two satellites in which also the harmonic coefficients of the gravity field model are estimated.
4
FISOGNI, COSTANZO. "Il civilian crisis management nell'Unione Europea." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La gestione civile delle crisi (GCC) si inserisce nel contesto della Politica Europea di Sicurezza e Difesa (PESD) che, a sua volta, è uno degli elementi della più ampia PESC (Politica Estera e di Sicurezza Comune). GCC, PESD e PESC sono componenti delle relazioni esterne dell'Unione europea (UE). La gestione civile delle crisi è una policy dell'UE la cui analisi richiede di rispondere a diversi quesiti teorico pratici: 1) cosa è esattamente la gestione civile delle crisi e a cosa essa corrisponde in ambito UE (Capitolo I); 2) quali sono le caratteristiche generali delle iniziative civili per il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionali realizzate dalle Nazioni Unite (NU), dall'Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), dall'Unione dell'Europa Occidentale e dalla NATO (Capitolo I), 3) come si è sviluppata la GCC dal trattato di Maastricht a oggi (Capitolo II e Capitolo III); 4) come si concepisce, pianifica e lancia una missione di GCC (Capitolo iv); quali sono le missioni di GCC realizzate dall'UE dal 1997 al 2006 (capitolo v); 5) quale è la relazione tra PESC, PESD E GCC e il valore aggiunto della GCC dell'ue rispetto ad altre organizzazioni internazionali (Conclusioni)Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) is part of the European security and defence policy (ESDP), which is, on its own, an element of the broader common foreign and security policy (CFSP). CCM, ESDP and CFSP are tools of the external relations of the European Union (EU) . Civilian crisis management is a policy of the EU whose analysis requires both a theoretical and practical approach. It is indispensable to understand what civilian crisis management is, in general, and specifically in the framework of the European Union (Chapter I). Afterwards, some attention has been devoted to the investigation of the civilian crisis management initiatives of the United Nations (UN), of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of the Western European Union (WEU) and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (Chapter I). A further step in the understanding of the CCM of the EU is the evaluation of its historical evolution from the Treaty of Maastricht up to 2006 (Chapter II and III). It is also paramount to consider how CCM missions are designed, planned and deployed (Chapter IV) and which missions have been carried trough until 2006 (Chapter V). Finally, it has been evaluated which is the current relations in-between CCM, ESDP and CFSP and which is the added value of EU's CCM compared to the initiatives of other international organizations (Conclusions).
5
FISOGNI, COSTANZO. "Il civilian crisis management nell'Unione Europea." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La gestione civile delle crisi (GCC) si inserisce nel contesto della Politica Europea di Sicurezza e Difesa (PESD) che, a sua volta, è uno degli elementi della più ampia PESC (Politica Estera e di Sicurezza Comune). GCC, PESD e PESC sono componenti delle relazioni esterne dell'Unione europea (UE). La gestione civile delle crisi è una policy dell'UE la cui analisi richiede di rispondere a diversi quesiti teorico pratici: 1) cosa è esattamente la gestione civile delle crisi e a cosa essa corrisponde in ambito UE (Capitolo I); 2) quali sono le caratteristiche generali delle iniziative civili per il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionali realizzate dalle Nazioni Unite (NU), dall'Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), dall'Unione dell'Europa Occidentale e dalla NATO (Capitolo I), 3) come si è sviluppata la GCC dal trattato di Maastricht a oggi (Capitolo II e Capitolo III); 4) come si concepisce, pianifica e lancia una missione di GCC (Capitolo iv); quali sono le missioni di GCC realizzate dall'UE dal 1997 al 2006 (capitolo v); 5) quale è la relazione tra PESC, PESD E GCC e il valore aggiunto della GCC dell'ue rispetto ad altre organizzazioni internazionali (Conclusioni)Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) is part of the European security and defence policy (ESDP), which is, on its own, an element of the broader common foreign and security policy (CFSP). CCM, ESDP and CFSP are tools of the external relations of the European Union (EU) . Civilian crisis management is a policy of the EU whose analysis requires both a theoretical and practical approach. It is indispensable to understand what civilian crisis management is, in general, and specifically in the framework of the European Union (Chapter I). Afterwards, some attention has been devoted to the investigation of the civilian crisis management initiatives of the United Nations (UN), of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of the Western European Union (WEU) and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (Chapter I). A further step in the understanding of the CCM of the EU is the evaluation of its historical evolution from the Treaty of Maastricht up to 2006 (Chapter II and III). It is also paramount to consider how CCM missions are designed, planned and deployed (Chapter IV) and which missions have been carried trough until 2006 (Chapter V). Finally, it has been evaluated which is the current relations in-between CCM, ESDP and CFSP and which is the added value of EU's CCM compared to the initiatives of other international organizations (Conclusions).
6
Calcaño, Niurka Y. "Civil restitution as an objective of Department of Homeland Security Mission 3." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedRates of illegal immigration recidivism by previously convicted and removed noncitizens—criminal immigration recidivists—are disconcerting. Enforcement strategies such as prosecution and removals do not appear to prevent and deter this population’s reoffending behavior as much as expected. Meanwhile, resources are continually strained—at the taxpayers’ expense—due to re-enforcement of immigration, criminal, and other laws. As a result, this thesis argues in favor of introducing civil restitution (CR) as an enforcement strategy against criminal immigration recidivism. In support of this argument, the author employed a hybrid experimental and causal design methodology to research the history of restitution as an alternative sanction in the criminal justice system. The feasibility of developing a strategy against criminal immigration recidivism modeled after restitution’s theoretical underpinnings was explored and tested. The CR strategy borrows from restitution’s focus on holding offenders accountable for the financial losses their offenses have caused to their victims, and, as per the research findings, its potential to lower recidivism rates, thereby reducing the costs of re-enforcing or reinitiating the removal process at the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) expense. The thesis concludes by recommending the implementation of a CR policy model strategy. The strategy will become part of the DHS Mission 3’s prevention of unlawful immigration goals and objectives.
7
Lloyd, Michael D. "A phased mission approach to fault propagation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13995/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On complex systems with built-in health management systems, the faults diagnosed during a mission can number in the tens of thousands. When these faults are evaluated, many are found to be false. This work has, therefore, developed a technique by which diagnosed faults can be evaluated using known system data and a system modelling technique to automatically verify their legitimacy. Petri nets (PNs) were selected as the modelling technique since they allow systems to be modelled in a componentistic and flexible way, that still provides a high level of accuracy. The PN technique was used to model the performance of an experimental facility, the BAE Systems fuel rig, which represents an aircraft fuel system. A wide range of faults were injected into the system and sensor outputs were recorded. By comparing the sensor outputs from the fuel rig to the PN predicted system behaviour, the faults were assessed as either genuine or false. The standard deviation technique is used as part of the comparison process as it provides a high level of detail with low computational requirements. A piece of software was written to automate the PN simulation and comparison of the output data. The ability of the overall technique to verify diagnosed faults was demonstrated by a thorough consideration of failure modes in the fuel rig system. First and second order faults were evaluated and the results showed that the technique was very successful at identifying both genuine and false faults. Some issues were evident when hidden failures were considered and faults which were revealed for only short periods of time were injected. The PN technique was also successfully used to model the behaviour of the fuel system of the Airbus A340 aircraft. This system contains a higher level of complexity in terms of both design and operation compared to the fuel rig. The behaviour of the system in normal operation was modelled to replicate that described in literature and a number of first and second order faults were modelled. The PN predicted behaviour of the fuel system in the presence of these faults matched well with that expected. The PN technique can be used to obtain the output of sensors when failures occur, and such information can be used in the process of system design. An approach is presented by which a sensors value can be calculated and used to select sensors in a system. The technique considers the change in the value measured by a sensor as a result of faults for single sensors and their pairs.
8
Kuang, Chang 1973. "Multi-server collaboration system for disaster relief mission planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84244.
Повний текст джерела
9
DeVane, John C. "Applicability of unmanned aerial systems to homeland defense missions." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FDeVane.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. in Secuirty Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Craig Hooper. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83). Also available in print.
10
Fotopoulos, Fotios 1976. "Simulation of the sampling properties of the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84816.
Повний текст джерела
11
Egnell, Robert. "The missing link : Civil-military aspects of effectiveness in complex irregular warfare." Doctoral thesis, Department of War Studies, King's College, London, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-146707.
Повний текст джерела
12
Vaughan-Albert, Megan Kate. "The missing watchdog: corruption, governance,and supervisory role for Chinese civil society?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48183465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study sought to examine whether pressure from China’s dynamic, yet repressed,
civil society had any impact on the Chinese state’s anti-corruption strategies. It was discovered
that online activism in China has been on the rise in recent years, and this activism has been
working in tandem with the government to monitor public and private corruption, exposing
numerous cases online. Increasing trends of online activism seem to be leading to an augmented
government anti-corruption strategy that is sensitive to issues exposed on the Internet and to
public opinion. As the government sought to shore up its credibility, it was able to harness this
wave of public participation to work towards its own ends.
Recent reforms in China have attempted to institute public surveillance and monitoring as
a central part of the government’s anti-corruption efforts. By illuminating the changing
institutional design of the anti-corruption agencies within the Party and the government since the
1990s, this study found that the most recent campaign to rally pubic participation was sincere as
the goal of clean government and limited corruption benefit both the government and Chinese
society. However, the current anti-corruption regime still has engrained problems and conflicts
of interest. Until public surveillance is fully developed and there are more democratic checks
and balances, this study does not predict that corruption will be eliminated in China in the near
future.published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies
13
McManus, Iain Andrew. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Highly Autonomous UAV Mission Planning and Piloting for Civilian Airspace." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16130/1/Iain_McManus_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decade, the development and deployment of Uninhabited Airborne Vehicles (UAVs) has increased dramatically. This has in turn increased the desire to operate UAVs in civilian-airspace. Current UAV platforms can be integrated into civilian-airspace, with other air traffic, however they place a high burden on their human operators in order to do so. In order to meet the competing objectives of improved integration and low operator workload it will be necessary to increase the intelligence on-board the UAV.
This thesis presents the results of the research which has been conducted into increasing the on-board intelligence of the UAV. The intent in increasing the on-board intelligence is to improve the ability of a UAV to integrate into civilian-airspace whilst also reducing the workload placed upon the UAV's operator. The research has focused upon increasing the intelligence in two key areas: mission planning; and mission piloting.
Mission planning is the process of determining how to fly from one location to another, whilst avoiding entities (eg. airspace boundaries and terrain) on the way. Currently this task is typically performed by a trained human operator. This thesis presents a novel multidisciplinary approach for enabling a UAV to perform, on-board, its own mission planning. The novel approach draws upon techniques from the 3D graphics and robotics fields in order to enable the UAV to perform its own mission planning. This enables the UAV's operator to provide the UAV with the locations (waypoints) to fly to. The UAV will then determine for itself how to reach the locations safely. This relieves the UAV's operator of the burden of performing the mission planning for the UAV.
As part of this novel approach to on-board mission planning, the UAV constructs and maintains an on-board situational awareness of the airspace environment. Through techniques drawn from the 3D graphics field the UAV becomes capable of constructing and interacting with a 3D digital representation of the civilian-airspace environment. This situational awareness is a fundamental component of enabling the UAV to perform its own mission planning and piloting.
The mission piloting research has focused upon the areas of collision avoidance and communications. These are tasks which are often handled by a human operator. The research identified how these processes can be performed on-board the UAV through increasing the on-board intelligence. A unique approach to collision avoidance was developed, which was inspired by robotics techniques. This unique approach enables the UAV to avoid collisions in a manner which adheres to the applicable Civil Aviation Regulations, as defined by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) of Australia. Furthermore, the collision avoidance algorithms prioritise avoiding collisions which would result in a loss of life or injury.
Finally, the communications research developed a natural language-based interface to the UAV. Through this interface, the UAV can be issued commands and can also be provided with updated situational awareness information. The research focused upon addressing issues related to using natural language for a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV. This area has not previously been addressed. The research led to the definition of a vocabulary targeted towards a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV. This vocabulary caters for the needs of both Air Traffic Controllers and general UAV operators. This requires that the vocabulary cater for a diverse range of skill levels. The research established that a natural language-based communications system could be applied to a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV for both command and information updates.
The end result of this research has been the development of the Intelligent Mission Planner and Pilot (IMPP). The IMPP represents the practical embodiment of the novel algorithms developed throughout the research. The IMPP was used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms which were developed. This testing process involved the execution of over 3000 hours of simulated flights. The testing demonstrated the high performance of the algorithms developed in this research.
The research has led to the successful development of novel on-board situational awareness, mission planning, collision avoidance and communications capabilities. This thesis presents the development, implementation and testing of these capabilities. The algorithms which provide these capabilities go beyond the existing body of knowledge and provide a novel contribution to the established research. These capabilities enable the UAV to perform its own mission planning, avoid collisions and receive natural language-based communications. This provides the UAV with a direct increase in the intelligence on-board the UAV, which is the core objective of this research. This increased on-board intelligence improves the integration of the UAV into civilian-airspace whilst also reducing the operator's workload.
14
McManus, Iain Andrew. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Highly Autonomous UAV Mission Planning and Piloting for Civilian Airspace." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16130/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decade, the development and deployment of Uninhabited Airborne Vehicles (UAVs) has increased dramatically. This has in turn increased the desire to operate UAVs in civilian-airspace. Current UAV platforms can be integrated into civilian-airspace, with other air traffic, however they place a high burden on their human operators in order to do so. In order to meet the competing objectives of improved integration and low operator workload it will be necessary to increase the intelligence on-board the UAV. This thesis presents the results of the research which has been conducted into increasing the on-board intelligence of the UAV. The intent in increasing the on-board intelligence is to improve the ability of a UAV to integrate into civilian-airspace whilst also reducing the workload placed upon the UAV's operator. The research has focused upon increasing the intelligence in two key areas: mission planning; and mission piloting. Mission planning is the process of determining how to fly from one location to another, whilst avoiding entities (eg. airspace boundaries and terrain) on the way. Currently this task is typically performed by a trained human operator. This thesis presents a novel multidisciplinary approach for enabling a UAV to perform, on-board, its own mission planning. The novel approach draws upon techniques from the 3D graphics and robotics fields in order to enable the UAV to perform its own mission planning. This enables the UAV's operator to provide the UAV with the locations (waypoints) to fly to. The UAV will then determine for itself how to reach the locations safely. This relieves the UAV's operator of the burden of performing the mission planning for the UAV. As part of this novel approach to on-board mission planning, the UAV constructs and maintains an on-board situational awareness of the airspace environment. Through techniques drawn from the 3D graphics field the UAV becomes capable of constructing and interacting with a 3D digital representation of the civilian-airspace environment. This situational awareness is a fundamental component of enabling the UAV to perform its own mission planning and piloting. The mission piloting research has focused upon the areas of collision avoidance and communications. These are tasks which are often handled by a human operator. The research identified how these processes can be performed on-board the UAV through increasing the on-board intelligence. A unique approach to collision avoidance was developed, which was inspired by robotics techniques. This unique approach enables the UAV to avoid collisions in a manner which adheres to the applicable Civil Aviation Regulations, as defined by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) of Australia. Furthermore, the collision avoidance algorithms prioritise avoiding collisions which would result in a loss of life or injury. Finally, the communications research developed a natural language-based interface to the UAV. Through this interface, the UAV can be issued commands and can also be provided with updated situational awareness information. The research focused upon addressing issues related to using natural language for a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV. This area has not previously been addressed. The research led to the definition of a vocabulary targeted towards a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV. This vocabulary caters for the needs of both Air Traffic Controllers and general UAV operators. This requires that the vocabulary cater for a diverse range of skill levels. The research established that a natural language-based communications system could be applied to a civilian-airspace-integrated UAV for both command and information updates. The end result of this research has been the development of the Intelligent Mission Planner and Pilot (IMPP). The IMPP represents the practical embodiment of the novel algorithms developed throughout the research. The IMPP was used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms which were developed. This testing process involved the execution of over 3000 hours of simulated flights. The testing demonstrated the high performance of the algorithms developed in this research. The research has led to the successful development of novel on-board situational awareness, mission planning, collision avoidance and communications capabilities. This thesis presents the development, implementation and testing of these capabilities. The algorithms which provide these capabilities go beyond the existing body of knowledge and provide a novel contribution to the established research. These capabilities enable the UAV to perform its own mission planning, avoid collisions and receive natural language-based communications. This provides the UAV with a direct increase in the intelligence on-board the UAV, which is the core objective of this research. This increased on-board intelligence improves the integration of the UAV into civilian-airspace whilst also reducing the operator's workload.
15
Paone, Martina. "From Civilising Mission to Civilian Power: Rethinking EU Peacebuilding from a Postcolonial Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/278921/4/phd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research intends to explore the reverberations of the colonial experience in the European Union (EU) peacebuilding policy-making towards the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In particular, it aims at reconstructing the link between the European colonial past and the EU, in order to address to what extent such historical heritage is manifested in the discursive practices of EU peacebuilding policy-making towards the Democratic Republic of Congo.Thus, the thesis seeks to answer to the following research question: “How does the EU address the European colonial legacy in peacebuilding policy-making towards the Democratic Republic of Congo?” To do so, the research position itself in a critical conversation with EU Studies and Postcolonial Studies, and mobilises Discourse-Historical Approach influenced by Colonial Discourse Theory as a methodological tool. After having gathered interviews with EU Officials working on peacebuilding policies, having conducted archival research in the Historical Archives of the European Union and having undertaken participant observation at the European External Action Service, the results of this research are mainly twofold. Firstly, this study shows that within EU peacebuilding policy-makers the colonial legacy is hardly addressed. Yet, the EU relies on a dehistoricised regime where selective historical events are mobilised to the objective of legitimising EU peacebuilding actions. Secondly, the research identifies discursive strategies that reproduce colonial discourses in EU peacebuilding policy-making. These strategies, mainly based on racial stereotypes, connote an unchanging order based on a fixed donor/recipient binary. Such pervasive discourses tend to perpetuate dependency, instead of reaffirming an independent peace process that is supposed to be the final goal of EU peacebuilding policies.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
16
Souza, Juliana Mio de. "Análise da qualidade cartográfica dos dados da Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - SRTM." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T09:08:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 230696.pdf: 3815018 bytes, checksum: 32ae4311d16c394b6989f4da1e0c7110 (MD5)
Os Modelos Digitais de Elevação - MDE produzidos pela Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - SRTM cobrem oitenta por cento (80%) do planeta e estão disponibilizados gratuitamente na Internet com uma resolução espacial de três segundos de arco (aproximadamente 90 metros). Diante desta facilidade de acesso ao dado e as expectativas quanto à sua utilização, a presente pesquisa se dedicou a analisar a qualidade cartográfica dos dados SRTM, na tentativa de que este MDE seja usado e explorado conhecendo-se sua qualidade geométrica. O método desenvolvido consistiu em utilizar os dados originais da SRTM, aos quais foram aplicados tratamentos diferenciados, gerando um grupo de MDEs , e então analisada a qualidade altimétrica dos mesmos com base no Padrão de Exatidão Cartográfica - PEC e Testes de Tendência e Precisão. Também foi verificada a qualidade planimétrica de ortoimagens geradas a partir da imagem SPOT PAN com cinco metros de resolução espacial e dos diferentes Modelos Digitais de Elevação obtidos. Foi utilizado o mapeamento cadastral digital de São José - SC na escala 1: 2.000 generalizada para 1: 20.000 como base cartográfica de referência. Os resultados mostraram que o MDE da SRTM georreferenciado à base cartográfica local, atendeu à escala 1:50.000, Classe B e as ortoimagens geradas, atenderam a escala 1: 25.000, Classe B.
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Wesley, Michael. "Casualties of the new world order : the causes of failure of UN missions to civil wars /." London : New York : Macmillan press ; St. Martin's press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37519388n.
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Zhang, Yang. "Development of BDD models for decision support in phased mission systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32431/.
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Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly commonplace, with applications either existing or suggested in many different industries. As levels of autonomy increase, the need for these systems to interpret with environments in which they operating and make decisions about their own future actions following internal failures or external threats. In the past, reliability analysis methods have been suggested as having the potential to provide information that could be used in a real-time decision support tool for autonomous systems in changing environments. Real-time support is particularly important in systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), where any delay in making a decision following a failure occurrence or the emergence of a threat could be catastrophic. Reliability Analysis can be used to calculate the failure probability of a mission such as that performed by a UAV by modelling the mission as a sequence of tasks known as a phased mission. Binary Decision Diagram models have shown great potential for analysing phased mission systems since they can produce accurate mission and phase failure probabilities in reasonably short time frames. Although research to date has shown that Binary Decision Diagrams appear to have the most promise for performing the real-time analysis that would be required as an input to a decision making tool for phased mission systems, the analysis as it stands still falls some way short of being near-instant, as it must be for decisions to be made quickly when required. In common with many systems, phased mission systems can contain components that fail in multiple failure modes. It is therefore important that multiple failure modes are modelled while developing the Binary Decision Diagram tools and techniques considered in this research. The research presented in this thesis aims to address the deficiencies seen in previous methods by investigating the Binary Decision Diagram techniques and suggesting how the techniques can be developed for use within a decision support tool where fast, accurate decision making is required. The novelty of the research is as follows: 1. Different Binary Decision Diagram models for phased mission systems are reviewed and three new Binary Decision Diagram models are proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of analysis for phased mission systems containing multiple failure mode components. 2. Since the size of a Binary Decision Diagram has a significant effect on the time required to quantify it and the Binary Decision Diagram size is influenced by variable ordering, nine different variable ordering schemes are investigated for phased mission systems. Eight of them are extended from fault tree analysis of single phase systems containing single failure mode components and one is newly-developed specially for use within a decision support tool. 3. Due to the potential time limitation for decision making, approximation methods are investigated to evaluate the failure probabilities in phased mission systems while trading off between accuracy and analysis efficiency. Three new approximation models are developed and their analysis efficiency advantage over the exact analysis is demonstrated testing on a large number of sample phased mission systems. A performance indicator is developed in order to facilitate the choice of approximation method taking into account accuracy and efficiency requirements. The benefits of the developed methods are demonstrated through the consideration of a case study.
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Cornils, Kristine N. (Kristine Norene). "Developing an economic development policy : the evolution and impact of a new DOE mission." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35425.
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Petit, Emmanuelle. "La mission de conciliation du juge : réflexions sur l'office du juge." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4014.
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Tel un "signe-éclair" traversant le nouveau Code de procédure civile, l'article 21 indique, en une formule aussi brève qu'admirable, qu' "il entre dans la mission du juge de concilier les parties ». Ainsi énoncée, la mission de conciliation du juge civil constitue sans aucun doute l'une des clés permettant d'accéder à la compréhension de l'office du juge, de son évolution, et d'en saisir par-là même tous les ressorts. De par son importance, le sujet ne peut que susciter le débat, nécessairement facteur d'opinions contradictoires. Face aux diverses critiques ou réserves émises à l'encontre de la conciliation lorsqu'elle est l'oeuvre des magistrats, il apparaît essentiel de lui restituer enfin la place qui est la sienne au sein de l'office général de tout juge, de mettre en exergue les fondements d'une telle mission, sa raison d'être, et de prouver que sa mise en oeuvre se trouve être elle-même porteuse des plus grands espoirs. En empruntant cette voie, il ne s'agit pas de restaurer entièrement l'image de la mission conciliatrice du juge comme on restaure une toile de maître abîmée par le temps. Cette mission n'a pas réellement subi d'altération au fil des décennies. Il semble, en vérité, qu'elle n'ait pas été suffisamment examinée ou, plus exactement peut-être, bien mise en lumière. Aussi convient-il de lui apporter aujourd'hui tout l'éclairage qu'elle mérite et de lui donner ainsi son plein éclatSection 21 of the New Code of Civil Procedure contains a theme running through the code. It states, with admirable brevity, that « it is within the fonction of the judge to conciliate the parties ». Put like this, the judge's role of conciliation is undoubtedly one of the key elements enabling the parties to come to an understanding of the role of the judge, of how this role has developed, and what its parameters are. A subject of such importance necessarily leads to a debate in which contradictory opinions are expressed. In the light of the criticisms and reserves which have been expressed about conciliation effected by judges, it is important to put it in its proper context, as part of the general role of every judge. It is also important to point out the underlying basis of this role, its raison d'être, and also to show that its use gives rise to positive reasons for hope. By going down this route, it is not sought to fully restore the image of the role of judicial conciliation in the same way a old malter, damaged by the passing of the years, would be restored. This role of judicial conciliation has not indeed been the victim of deterioration over the decades, but neither has it, is appears, been subject to proper examination. It is therefore appropriate to subject it to the spot-light of investigation that it deserves, and thus to put it in its true perspective
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Richardson, Dawn D. "Analysis and evaluation of current challenges in the aeromedical evacuation mission segment of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA376459.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Lewis, Ira A. ; Edwards, Lee. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47). Also available online.
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Grimaldi, Luca. "Monitoraggio delle portate e delle dinamiche fluviali da remoto: potenzialità della missione satellitare SWOT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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La necessità di colmare la carenza di dati idrologici nelle zone scarsamente strumentate ha portato, negli ultimi 30 anni, ad un crescente interesse verso tecniche per la stima di portate fluviali basate su dati satellitari. In questo contesto si inserisce il presente lavoro di tesi, che ha come scopo quello di indagare la possibilità di ottenere stime affidabili di portata attraverso le misure che saranno fornite dalla futura missione satellitare SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography). Infatti, la missione, il cui lancio è previsto per il 2021, avrà tra i suoi obiettivi principali quello di fornire una migliore comprensione circa le dinamiche spaziali e temporali di gran parte dei corsi d'acqua del pianeta con larghezze superiori ai 50-100m. Lo studio qui presentato riguarda il tratto medio-inferiore del fiume Po compreso tra Borgoforte e l'inizio del Delta (lunghezza complessiva di circa 137 km), tratto interessato dal passaggio di diverse orbite del satellite. In assenza dei dati prodotti dal satellite, nello studio si ricorre ad un modello idraulico del tratto di interesse implementato mediante il software Hec-Ras. Tenendo conto del periodo orbitale del satellite, i risultati delle simulazioni condotte con il modello numerico sono stati corrotti considerando gli errori commessi dalla strumentazione satellitare, potendo pertanto essere assunti a possibili prodotti della missione. Implementando un algoritmo basato sull'equazione di Manning, vengono stimate delle serie sintetiche di portate, limitatamente ai giorni di passaggio del satellite, per un periodo di osservazione pari a quella che sarà la durata della missione (3 anni). Le portate ottenute vengono confrontate con quelle del modello idraulico, attraverso la definizione di opportuni indici di errore (RMSE) e mediante la costruzione delle curve di durata. I risultati finali, confrontabili con quelli attualmente disponibili in letteratura mostrano aspetti positivi e potenzialità.
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Camacho, Carlos Eduardo Paladines. "Civil military operations in Ecuador." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FCamacho.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Harold Trinkunas, Jeanne Giraldo. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Macgill, Lynn. "Victorian Sunday schools and their mission to civilise youth in the Aire Valley, c.1850-1914." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743089.
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Moyette, Megan. ""Loud-voiced Lovers of Religious Liberty|" The American and Foreign Christian Union's Missions to Italy during the American Civil War." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10689297.
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This thesis explores the motivations behind the American and Foreign Christian Union’s missions to Italy during the American Civil War. The AFCU was a missionary organization founded in New York City in 1849 with the ambitious goal of ridding the world of Roman Catholicism. It was born during a time of nativist fervor when American Protestants saw Catholic immigrants as a threat to American democracy. The AFCU believed they could solve the problem of Catholic immigrants by converting the Catholic world to Protestantism, starting with Italy. The leaders of the AFCU believed the world was engaged in a struggle between Liberty and Tyranny. The war against the Confederacy and the fight to free Italians from the tyrannical Pope were different fronts of the same war. The AFCU entire unsuccessful as a missionary organization. They converted virtually no one. However, their publications were essential to helping American Protestants shape their identity.
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Lanier, Cathy L. "Preventing terror attacks in the Homeland : a new mission for state and local police." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FLanier.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p.61-63). Also available online.
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Cebon, Peter. "The missing link : organizational behavior as a key element in energy/environment regulation and university energy management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14231.
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Baker, Brian Lee. "The U.S. Army Coprs [sic] of Engineer's role in reconstruction of Kuwait : a case study and its implications for future international missions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45720.
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Venturini, Fabio. "Progetto di riorganizzazione ad uso potabile della risorsa idrica per la Missione di St. Albert (Zimbabwe)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/294/.
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Il seguente elaborato nasce per venire incontro ad una richiesta di aiuto partita dalla comunità di St. Albert, un centro missionario nel nord dello Zimbabwe. In questo stato ogni giorno milioni di persone lottano per sopravvivere contro fame ed epidemie, la comunità di St. Albert nata attorno all’omonimo ospedale combatte contro queste calamità cercando di fornire medicinali, cibo e un istruzione. Purtroppo alcuni anni fa, a causa del perdurare di condizioni siccitose, i pozzi da cui la missione prelevava acqua si sono quasi completamente prosciugati facendo sì che l’intera missione rischiasse di non poter proseguire la sua attività. Nel 2008 si sono verificate precipitazioni più intense che hanno determinato una ricarica di falda e la ripresa dell’utilizzo di parte dei pozzi, ma questi accadimenti anno messo a nudo la non completa affidabilità di questa fonte di approvvigionamento, così si è evidenziata la necessità di creare un bacino imbrifero artificiale.
In situazioni di insicurezza sulla disponibilità idrica la diversificazione delle fonti di approvvigionamento diventa indispensabile. Così nel 2004 si iniziò a costruire una diga per creare un bacino di riserva idrica nelle vicinanze, oggi i lavori sono quasi ultimati ma manca un impianto di potabilizzazione che renda adatta l’acqua prelevata dall’invaso per il consumo umano.
Con questa tesi si vuole dare un supporto progettuale alla creazione del potabilizzatore, cercando di ridisegnare il funzionamento della rete per permettere un uso più razionale possibile delle risorse idriche.
Facendo ciò però ci si dovrà calare in una serie di problematiche di contesto economiche e sociali di un paese in profonda crisi, dove può risultare un problema reperire i materiali e le risorse più basilari, anche quelle più strettamente organizzative e logistiche, che richiedono la valutazione dello stato di know-how locale in relazione alle capacità di gestire apparecchiature di un certo livello tecnologico.
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Lloyd, Gary. "An exploratory study for the psychological profile of a Civil Military Coordination Officer as a selection tool for training." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2450.
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Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.The introduction of a multidimensional approach towards peace missions in complex emergencies emphasises the importance of coordination between the military and the humanitarian components at all levels of interaction. Cooperation and coordination between the military and humanitarian components are critical in achieving a common goal to alleviate suffering and save lives. The challenge is how to develop, enhance and sustain an effective working relationship to overcome the conflicting views on coordination from the military and humanitarian perspectives. Humanitarians fear the loss of independence and neutrality when associated with the military. The military tend to undermine humanitarians role and functions in becoming directly involved in humanitarian action. During selection, the military needs to identify members who firstly conform to the generic psychological peacekeeping profile and who secondly, portray the skills, knowledge and abilities to perform the coordination function between the military and the humanitarian component. The challenge remains to select competent military members in the absence of a psychological profile for the coordination function. Through this research, the psychological profile for a Civil Military Coordination Officer is defined. In the theoretical discussion, the importance of coordination is emphasised through analyses of the challenges, roles, functions and behaviours associated with Civil Military Coordination Officers in multidimensional peace missions. The theoretical foundation and primary data from field research are integrated in a competency model for Civil Military Coordination Officers. The results of this research are presented as a model of provisional selection criteria for Civil Military Coordination Officers.
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Dufour-Bergeron, Pierre-Luc. "Étude comparée des missions médicales de Norman Bethune en Espagne et en Chine (1936-1939)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26521.
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Dans la seconde moitié des années 1930, de nombreux conflits éclatent dans le monde. La Guerre civile espagnole, qui oppose le gouvernement républicain et les troupes nationalistes du général Francisco Franco, débute en 1936. En 1937, c’est la Seconde Guerre sino-japonaise qui débute en Asie. Les besoins médicaux sont alors énormes dans les deux cas. Le médecin canadien Norman Bethune se rend successivement en Espagne et en Chine afin d’y apporter sa contribution professionnelle. Il se retrouve alors confronté à des conditions médicales aux antipodes de ce qu’il avait connues dans sa pratique antérieure. À Madrid, il développe son unité mobile de transfusion sanguine, une solution permettant d’acheminer d’importantes quantités de sang d’un hôpital à l’autre et de soigner plusieurs soldats blessés au front. Dans le nord de la Chine, région contrôlée par les communistes, il doit cependant en faire beaucoup plus. Il invente notamment des instruments, prend en charge la formation du personnel médical, met sur pied un hôpital-école et pratique un très grand nombre d’opérations. Bien qu’il se dévoue à sa cause dans les deux cas, il devient, après sa mort, un héros national en Chine mais pas en Espagne. Plusieurs points expliquent pourquoi et comment ses missions se sont déroulées de façon totalement différente et pourquoi les résultats n’ont pas été les mêmes dans les deux pays.
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Nakatsu, Masaya. "Les missions militaires françaises au Japon entre 1867 et 1889." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC299.
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Depuis l’inauguration de relations diplomatiques avec les pays étrangers entre 1854 et 1858, le Japon cherche à rattraper son retard, cumulé pendant toute la période fermeture de l’archipel, dans divers domaines, par rapport aux pays occidentaux et, pour atteindre cet objectif, les Japonais n’hésitent pas à avoir recours aux experts étrangers qui ont pour mission de transmettre leurs connaissances et d’aider à la modernisation du Japon. La France est un de ces pays contributeurs, et la collaboration franco-japonaise est fortement marquée dans le domaine militaire sous la forme de l’envoi au Japon de missions militaires entre 1867 et 1889. L’envoi de ces missions françaises s’inscrit dans l’histoire de la coopération entre les deux pays. Elles ont pour objectif d’instruire des officiers et soldats japonais suivant la méthode française et d’établir l’ensemble des systèmes permettant de gérer une armée moderne sur le modèle français. La présence des militaires français sur le sol japonais doit être également considérée comme un des éléments clefs de la diplomatie française dans un Japon qui, au cours des années 1860, est fragilisé par la passation de pouvoir du shôgun à l’empereur et une guerre civile opposant les troupes des deux camps, et dont les nouveaux dirigeants cherchent, après la restauration de Meiji, à établir un Etat capable de rivaliser avec les puissances occidentales. Ainsi, les missions militaires françaises marquent non seulement l’étroitesse des relations entre ces deux pays, mais aussi l’aspiration de la France, à travers sa politique extrême-orientale, à être reconnue comme puissance globaleAfter Japan established diplomatic relations with foreign countries between 1854 and 1858, it tried to make progress in various areas following its isolationist period in an attempt to catch up to Western nations. To reach this goal, the Japanese encouraged visits from foreign experts who came to share their knowledge and to contribute to the modernization of the country in the second half of the 19th century. France was one of these international partners, and French-Japanese collaboration was strong in terms of military efforts through several French military missions to Japan between 1867 and 1889. The history of the cooperation between the two states often mentions these missions because French military instructors aimed to educate Japanese officers and soldiers following the French method, and the French officers founded a whole system that allowed Japan to manage its army based on the French model. Furthermore, the French military’s presence in Japan was a key element of French diplomacy in Japan in the 1860s, made possible by the transfer of power from the shogun to the emperor after the Meiji Restoration, whereby political leaders wanted to Westernize Japan. French military missions during this era not only represented the close relationship between the two countries, but also France’s goal of becoming a great global power
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Joshi, Madhav. "Post-Civil War Democratization: Domestic and International Factors in Movement Toward and Away from Democracy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28438/.
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Post-civil war democratization is a critical element of building sustainable peace in the post-civil war states. At the same time, studies of democratic transition and survival suggest that the post-civil war environment is not hospitable to either the transition to or survival of democracy. The post-civil war environment is contentious. Former protagonists are fearful about their security and at the same time they want to protect their political and economic interests. The central argument of this study is that former rivals can agree to a transition toward democracy to the extent that a stable balance of power exists between the government and rebel groups, a balance that eliminates the sort of security dilemma that would encourage one or both to resume armed conflict. And the balance should ensure access to political power and economic resources. This study identifies factors that contribute to the establishment of such a balance of power between former protagonists and factors that affects its stability. These factors should affect the decision of former protagonists on whether or not they can achieve their political and economic interests if they agree to a transition toward democracy once civil war ends. Factors that are conducive to a transition toward democracy are different from factors that sustain that transition in post-civil war states. Post-civil war democracies are fragile. The side that won the democratic election can dismantle institutions of democracy and repress oppositions. The fear of being repressed could create stronger incentives for the opposition groups to return to conflict. To address this puzzle, I develop a conceptual framework that explains how costs of the previous civil war, the establishment of inclusive institutions and the higher level of economic development create incentives for the former rivals to sustain democracy. Hypotheses derived from the theoretical implications are tested by using survival analysis.
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Lloyd, Gabriella Elizabeth. "Mandating (In)Security: How UN Missions Endanger the Civilians they Intend to Protect." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500256046171791.
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Yoon, Yeosang. "Evaluation of the potential to estimate river discharge using measurements from the upcoming SWOT mission." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376480417.
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Dobrescu, Mădălina. "The EU's potential for domestic change beyond its borders : examining effective cooperation between EU civilian missions and host countries in the Eastern Neighbourhood." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3393/.
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This thesis explores the conditions under which incumbent regimes in the Eastern Neighbourhood cooperate effectively with CSDP missions by adhering to and adopting the objectives set out by their mandates. In establishing whether and under what circumstances CSDP missions successfully cooperate with third country governments by inducing the acceptance of and adherence to their mandates, this thesis reclaims a focus on the local dimension of EU partner countries in order to explore the extent to which domestic stakeholders display agency in their relations with the EU and are able to constrain and/or facilitate its foreign policy. It thus asks: under what conditions do incumbent regimes in host countries embrace EU-driven strategies and reforms? The thesis examines two CSDP functions – rule transfer and confidence-building – across three CSDP missions in the Eastern Neighbourhood: the EUJUST Themis rule of law mission to Georgia, the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) and the European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM) to Georgia. Drawing on rational-choice assumptions and recent academic contributions to the Eastern Neighbourhood literature, this thesis starts from the premise that the sine qua non condition for effective cooperation between CSDP missions and incumbent regimes in the Eastern Neighbourhood is the compatibility between EU objectives and the incumbent regimes’ intrinsic preference for gaining and/or maintaining political power. Defined as preferential fit, the ‘match’ between the goals of EU missions – as highlighted by their mandates – and the political agendas of national governments in ENP countries emerges as the necessary condition that facilitates effective EU-ENP cooperation. In addition to confirming the centrality of the agency-oriented concept of ‘preferential fit’ for the development of effective cooperation between the EU and its Eastern neighbours, the findings outlined in the four empirical-analytical chapters also identify the conditions which shape the cost-benefit calculations of national governments: 1. The competing strategies of domestic veto players; 2. The potential for alternative coalitions (Russia, US other international organisations); 3. The cost-effectiveness of threats and side-payments (i.e. EU policy-specific conditionality; and EU capacity-building).
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Bittner, Michael S. "The missing link : democratic citizenship in service learning : a case study of undergraduate course offerings at a large urban university /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7773.
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Pereira, Fernanda Cristina dos Santos. "As organizações da sociedade civil no México e no Brasil: os desafios para a mobilização de recursos e o cumprimento da missão organizacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-31032014-121304/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As organizações da sociedade civil possuem diversos papéis na sociedade sejam por meio da provisão de serviços, da promoção do desenvolvimento e, até mesmo, pela manifestação do pluralismo e da expressão da diversidade. O cumprimento destes papéis está diretamente relacionado à capacidade que essas organizações possuem em mobilizar recursos, haja vista, que, em geral, elas não controlam as fontes de geração de suas receitas e, por essa razão, tendem a sofrer muito mais os efeitos da dependência externa. Com isso, as organizações da sociedade civil devem alinhar, constantemente, o desenvolvimento de estratégias para lidarem com a dependência externa e viabilizar o cumprimento da sua missão organizacional. Nesse sentido, este estudo busca entender as dependências geradas pelos recursos captados ou pelas estratégias definidas para a mobilização de recursos que influenciaram o cumprimento da missão organizacional definida pelas organizações da sociedade civil: Comércio Justo México (CJM) e Fórum de Articulação do Comércio Ético e Solidário do Brasil (Faces do Brasil), mexicana e brasileira, respectivamente. Para tanto, foi realizada uma ampla revisão de literatura, entrevistas e análises de documentos. Este processo permitiu um maior entendimento sobre os desafios enfrentados pelas organizações da sociedade civil para mobilizar e gerir recursos que permitem o cumprimento da missão organizacional e garantem a existência dessas instituições, bem como, a contribuiu para a expansão da pesquisa sobre a dinâmica das organizações da sociedade civil, ainda incipiente, no México e no Brasil.Nonprofit organizations fill different roles in society through the provision of services, the promotion of development, and the expression of pluralism and diversity. Accomplishing these roles is directly related to the ability of these nonprofits to mobilize resources. However, in general, they do not control the generation of their income and therefore tend to suffer the affects of this external dependence. The nonprofits must therefore constantly realign strategies dealing with this external dependence in order to achieve their organizational missions. This study seeks to understand these dependencies and how they affect the strategies that influence the implementation of the organizations missions. The two nonprofits are Comercio Justo México (CJM) y Fórum de Articulação do Comércio Ético e Solidário do Brasil (Faces do Brasil), Mexican and Brazilian respectively. There was extensive review of the literature, document analyses, and interviews. This process allowed greater understanding of the challenges faced by nonprofits to mobilize and manage resources, enable compliance with their mission, ensure the continued existence of the nonprofit, as well as contribute to the expansion of research on the dynamics of nonprofits emerging in Mexico and Brazil.
39
Lane, Jonathon. "Anchorage in Aboriginal affairs: A. P. Elkin on religious continuity and civic obligation." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)In Australian Aboriginal affairs, the acculturative strand of assimilation developed in large part from Elkin’s religious and Idealist commitment, for which in the years 1928 to 1933 he won social-scientific authority. In competition with both an eliminationist politics of race and a segregationist politics of territory, Elkin drew upon religious experience, apologetics, sociology, and networks to establish a ‘positive policy’ as an enduring ideal in Aboriginal affairs. His leadership of the 1930s reform movement began within the Anglican Church, became national through civic-religious organs of publicity, and gained scientific authority as Elkin made religious themes a central concern in Australian anthropology. But from the 1960s until recently, most scholars have lost sight of the centrality of Idealism and religion in our protagonist’s seminal project of acculturative assimilation. This thesis aims to show how Elkin dealt with problems fundamental to twentieth century Aboriginal affairs and indeed to Australian modernity more generally – problems of faith and science, morality and expediency – in developing his positive policy towards Aborigines.
40
Swärd, Ida. "To Teach or Not to Teach Controversial Issues? : An Interview Study of Upper Secondary English Teachers’ Attitudes and Experiences of Teaching Controversial Issues Through Fictional Works." Thesis, Jönköping University, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to examine how upper secondary English teachers work with foundationalvalues and controversial topics through fictional works in order to discuss the function of valuesand the civic mission in the EFL-classroom. The study was conducted using a qualitativeapproach through semi structured interviews, interviewing seven currently active uppersecondary English teachers. To structure the data from the interviews a thematic analysis wasapplied, and the theoretical approaches used for analysing the data were transformativepotential and narrative imagination.The results of this study show that the participants have an interest in using fictional workscontaining controversial issues for discussing foundational values in the classroom. The studyalso shows that there are both common challenges and advantages of teaching controversialissues through fiction. All participants had similar opinions about the advantages which werethe emergence of expanding worldviews and perspectives among pupils. The challengesmentioned among the participants were: reading in a second language, giving the pupils enoughpre-knowledge and knowing which position to take as a teacher during discussions aboutcontroversial topics. Noticeable differences in the teachers’ opinions were due to their lengthof work experience. Finally, the civic mission in the EFL-classroom could be distinguished inthe teachers’ arguments of why they implement fictional works with controversial topics intheir teaching.
41
Thusi, Thokozani. "Mission impossible? Linking humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa: The case of Mozambique between 1975-1995." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this research is to highlight both the conceptual and practical factors that constrain attempts to link humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa by using the case study of Mozambique in the period between 1975-1995. Extensive use and reference to Norwegian relief and development aid during the above-mentioned period is made. Although cross-reference is made to other donor countries such as the Like-minded Group (comprising of Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland) and UN agencies that supported Mozambique's transition from war to peace, the major focus is on Norway as she has traditionally been the sixth largest bilateral donor by the early 1990's and incorporated long-term development priorities in her programs.
42
Discher, Jennifer M. "A Narrative Analysis of Familial, Collegiate, and Professional Experiences that Enhance the Formation of Civic Engagement and Mission Commitment among Catholic Health Care Nurses." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1318997506.
Повний текст джерела
43
Mounier, Gregory. "From post-conflict peacebuilding to the protection of the EU's internal security regime : the impact of the external dimension of JHA on ESDP civilian crisis management missions." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541987.
Повний текст джерела
44
Donati, Letizia. "Novel trajectories of universities engagement: from local economic development to social innovation practices." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/299593.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study is threefold. The first objective is to provide an integrated perspective towards the territorial engagement of universities and their related models and strategies. The second objective is to verify whether tendencies pointing to an integrated strategy of university engagement are emerging in real settings, while the third objective is to deepen the understanding of the university’s potential contribution to social innovation practices. The first part of the work is devoted to review the literature on the institutionalization of university third mission and its relation to university territorial engagement and it presents an analysis of the different university models and strategies adopted by the academic system to reach engagement goals in the last decades. In this context, the System-based University is introduced as a university model which encompasses an integrated approach to university territorial engagement. Such model is built upon contributions on Civic and Developmental universities and their role in local socio-economic dynamics. It presents itself as an integrated model that includes but goes beyond the focus on technology transfer featuring third mission activities embodied at the beginning of the 21st century by the so-called Entrepreneurial university. The System-based model is represented by three main factors: i) synergy between the core missions of teaching and research and the third mission, ii) alignment between the needs expressed by the territory and the knowledge produced by the university, and iii) a balanced approach to research excellence. The second part of the work proposes an empirical analysis aimed at identifying tendencies towards system-based models of university, in particular within the Italian academic system. This part makes use of multivariate statistical techniques. Eventually, the third part aims at deepening the role of universities in the social innovation realm, drawing on the few contributions on this topic and on a recent stream of research that connects social innovation to quadruple helix model of interaction between government, industry, universities and civil society. Namely, this last part investigates how and why universities may engage in quadruple helix partnerships, applying an exploratory case study methodology on data stemming from the Urban Innovative Actions, a novel European programme in the context of social innovation in urban areas.
45
Orth, Simon. "European Union Security Governance : the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs in the context of the civilian crisis management missions, Proxima (Macedonia), EUBAM (Moldova) and EULEX (Kosovo)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/european-union-security-governance-the-external-dimension-of-justice-and-home-affairs-in-the-context-of-the-civilian-crisis-management-missions-proxima-macedonia-eubam-moldova-and-eulex-kosovo(2f63b26a-4993-4d4e-80be-7437f15d7bf6).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the Security Governance of the European Union (EU) by examining the relationship between the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and civilian crisis management missions. More specifically it tests the capacity of EU level actors to project the external dimension of JHA's goals, in a coordinated and coherent fashion, into the Union's near abroad. The research 'puzzle' lies in the multi-dimensional character of the external dimension of JHA. The fact that the domains tools and competencies are spread within and across all three pillars of the EU make its coordination with civilian crisis management missions far from straight-forward. The ambition to link the two policy domains has been expressed repeatedly by the EU in high profile strategic documents, such as the European Security Strategy of 2003, and the 2005 'A Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA: Global Freedom, Security and Justice'. This thesis endeavours to test the EU's performance in governing the external dimension of JHA and the need to link its goals with those of civilian crisis management missions. It does this by taking three civilian crisis management missions recently projected into the EU's milieu, with mandates related to security sector reform and JHA. The missions selected for comparison are: Proxima launched in 2003 in Macedonia; EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine launched in 2005; and finally, EULEX Kosovo launched in 2008. These missions are selected to serve as prime test cases for the interface between JHA and civilian crisis management missions, covering a time period that will allow for an examination of continuity and change in foreign and security policy at the EU level.
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Soares, Alexleide Santana Diniz. "Avaliação das estimativas de chuva do satélite TRMM no estado da Paraíba." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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The spatial and temporal variability is a precipitation feature and constitutes a factor of complexity for developing rainfall studies. Moreover, the low density of rain gauge stations and errors in data collection in the field increase the difficulties in implementing studies in this research area. However, such researches are essential considering that it is from them that we can carry out flood and drought forecasts, understand the hydrological regime of rivers, soil moisture, temperature changes, among others. Thus, the spatial rainfall estimates obtained through satellites data are important because, although present uncertainties, when compared with punctual data measured in the field can provide good indicators of the spatial distribution of rainfall for a given area. In this research, we evaluate the potential of rainfall estimates from TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) sensor to represent the spatio-temporal variability of precipitation in the State of Paraíba, in the Northeast of Brazil. In this study we considered daily time series of 14 years length of rainfall data collected by AESA (Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba) in 269 rainfall gauges and rainfall data estimated from TRMM satellite for a spatial mesh of 198 grid points covering the Paraíba State and which have been interpolated to the rain gauge locations using the inverse squared distance method. Comparisons were made considering the accumulated rainfall in different periods of time: daily, three days, seven days and monthly. With respect to spatial factors, the comparisons were developed based on punctual values in rain gauges stations, areal averages over sub-basins and mesoregions, and topographic profile. The statistical analyzes of comparison between the observed and estimated rainfall were developed based on the average rainfall, the linear correlations, the mean absolute error and root mean square error considering each accumulated period. Regarding the daily precipitation, the majority of the rain gauges (91%) showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.5 to 0.7. This correlation increases for considering 3 days-rainfall, with values ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 in 56% of rain gauges, and of 0.7-0.8 for 42% of rain gauges. For the 7 days-rainfall, 58% of the rain gauges presented correlations ranging from 0.7 to 0.8, while for the monthly rainfall 95% of the rain gauges obtained correlations higher than 0.8. Therefore, the results indicate that the TRMM satellite provides better estimates when data are accumulated in larger time intervals. The monthly analysis showed that March and April are the months with higher correlation between observed and estimated precipitation, and that in the first months of the year the estimated and observed values have better approximations for all types of analyzes. It was also verified a good estimation potential in the analysis of seasonal variability of precipitation. Moreover, it was observed that the satellite presents the largest errors in the areas with the largest amount of rainfall. In the sub-basins and in the mesoregions of the state the rainfall regime was estimated quite closely. We concluded that the TRMM satellite presents very good skill in reproducing the observed rainfall measured in the gauge stations over the Paraíba state, becoming an important data source for helping the water resources planning and decision making
A variabilidade temporal e espacial, que é um elemento característico da precipitação pluvial se configura como um fator de complexidade para as pesquisas sobre chuvas. Além disso, a baixa densidade de postos pluviométricos e os equívocos nos processos de coleta em campo aumentam as dificuldades na execução de estudos nessa área de pesquisa. No entanto, tais pesquisas são essenciais tendo em vista que é a partir delas que se pode fazer previsão de enchentes e estiagens, compreender o regime hidrológico dos rios, a umidade do solo, as mudanças de temperatura, dentre outras. Assim, as estimativas espaciais de precipitação realizadas por satélites são técnicas importantes, pois, embora contenham incertezas, quando comparadas com valores pontuais medidos em solo podem fornecer bons indicativos da distribuição espacial das chuvas para uma determinada área. Nesta pesquisa, avalia-se o potencial das estimativas de chuva do satélite TRMM, versão 7 e 3B42 (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) para representar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação no Estado da Paraíba, no Nordeste do Brasil. No estudo considerou-se séries temporais de dados diários para um período de 14 anos (1998-2011) fornecidas pela AESA (Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba) referentes a 269 postos pluviométricos e dados estimados pelo satélite TRMM numa malha espacial de 198 pontos que cobrem o Estado da Paraíba e que foram interpolados para os locais de observação de campo pelo método do inverso do quadrado da distância. As comparações foram realizadas considerando a chuva acumulada em diferentes períodos: diário, três dias, sete dias e mensal. Com relação aos fatores espaciais, os comparativos foram desenvolvidos com base em valores pontuais nos locais de observação, médias espaciais considerando sub-bacias, mesorregiões, e perfil topográfico. As análises estatísticas de comparação entre a chuva observada e a estimada foram desenvolvidas a partir das médias de chuva, das correlações lineares, do erro médio absoluto e da raiz do erro médio quadrático considerando cada período acumulado. Nas análises da chuva diária a maioria dos postos (91%) apresentou índices de correlação variando de 0,5 a 0,7. Esta correlação aumenta para os acumulados de 3 dias, com valores que variam de 0,5 a 0,7 em 56% dos postos pluviométricos e de 0,7 a 0,8 em 42% dos postos. Nos acumulados de 7 dias, 58% dos pluviômetros apresentaram correlações que variam de 0,7 a 0,8 e nos acumulados mensais 95% dos postos apresentam correlações superiores a 0,8. Portanto, os resultados indicam que o satélite TRMM apresenta melhores estimativas quando os dados estão acumulados em intervalos maiores de tempo. Na análise mensal verificou-se que março e abril são os meses mais significativos de estimação e que nos primeiros meses do ano os valores estimados e observados apresentam melhores aproximações para todos os tipos de análises. Identificou-se também bom potencial de estimação na análise da variabilidade sazonal de precipitação. Além disso, observou-se que o satélite apresenta os maiores erros para as áreas onde ocorrem os maiores volumes de chuva. Nas sub-bacias e nas mesorregiões do Estado, o regime de chuvas foi estimado com bastante fidelidade em todas as formas analisadas. Conclui-se que o satélite TRMM apresenta bom desempenho para reproduzir as chuvas observadas em pluviômetros no Estado da Paraíba, configurando-se como uma importante fonte de dados para o auxílio no planejamento e na tomada de decisões relativas aos recursos hídricos
47
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L’Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20008/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis 2001, l'UE a mené plus d'une vingtaine d'opérations militaires et de missions civiles, et elle est désormais considérée comme une organisation majeure dans le domaine du maintien de la paix.Longtemps perçue comme une organisation intergouvernementale, la mise en place d'une structure européenne de gestion des crises intégrée au coeur de l'organisation, ainsi que la délégation de la gestion courante de la crise aux organes européens, ont participé à l'autonomisation progressive de l'UE par rapport à ses Etats membres. Cette autonomisation de l'organisation se manifeste également dans l'ordre juridique international. Tout un corps de règles s'applique alors à l'UE du fait de son intervention dans l'ordre juridique international, notamment les règles relatives à la responsabilité internationale des organisations régionales. L'intervention effective de l'Union européenne dans le domaine du maintien de la paix – en tant qu'organisation régionale – s'inscrit dans un cadre juridique imprécis. Or, le phénomène de régionalisation a pu être interprété comme portant préjudice au système de sécurité collective instauré par la Charte des Nations unies. Partant,deux aspects de l'intervention effective de l'UE appellent analyse : celui de la conformité de son action au cadre onusien et celui de sa contribution aux évolutions du maintien de la paixSince 2001, the EU has conducted more than twenty military operations and civilian missions, and is now seen as one of the leading organizations in the field of peacekeeping. For a long time perceived as an intergovernmental organization, the establishment of an integrated structure for crisis management into the heart of the organization, as well as the delegation of this crisis management to the different European organs, have contributed to the gradual empowerment of the EU toward its member states. This process of becoming autonomous is also evident in the international legal order. A large set of rules thus applies to the EU due to its involvement in the international legal order, including rules relating to the international responsibility for regional organizations. The effective intervention of the European Union in the field of peacekeeping – as a regional organization– is in keeping with an unclear legal framework. However, the phenomen on of regionalization could have been interpreted as prejudicing the collective security system established by the UN Charter.Two aspects of the effective intervention of the European Union call for analysis : the conformity of its action to the UN framework and its contribution to the evolution of peacekeeping
48
Reese, Brian Douglas. "A Mutual Charge: the Shared Mission of Herbert Hoover and Harry S. Truman to Alleviate Global Hunger in a Postwar World." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4478.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Famine and destitution stemming from the Second World War had spread across the European continent and parts of Asia by mid-1945. Recognizing the need for recovery and survival in those regions, President Harry S. Truman at the recommendation of several Cabinet members, summoned ex-President Herbert Hoover for advice on how the United States should proceed in offering aid beyond the earlier efforts of the United Nations Rehabilitation and Relief Administration and other relief sources. After an absence from the White House and official government participation for many years, Hoover readily provided crucial advice on addressing famine relief in Europe and Asia based on his previous humanitarian leadership during and after the First World War.
Recognizing that further action needed to be taken, Truman asked Hoover, as Honorary Chairman of the Famine Emergency Committee (FEC), to go to Europe and Asia to personally assess the famine relief needs. Hoover and several colleagues travelled 50,000 miles to thirty-eight different nations from March and into June 1946 to witness and evaluate famine needs in the afflicted nations, or arrange for food supply resources from various other countries; making a second trip to a struggling Germany and Austria in 1947.
This thesis initially examines the narrative of the period between Hoover's reentry into public service, as requested by Truman, and the chronicle of the FEC missions. At the same time, it considers the purposes of the FEC missions, from both Hoover's and Truman's perspectives, and despite differing political viewpoints, the efforts of the two leaders to merge their activities into a common goal. The aim, amid early Cold War challenges, was to encourage both freedom and democracy in Europe and elsewhere, while sustaining free market economies and guarding against the spread of communism. As Hoover focused his efforts on American based humanitarian aid through the mechanism of food relief to promote economic prosperity, stability, and political freedoms, Truman endeavored to protect democracy as expressed in the Truman Doctrine. Both standpoints coalesced in a synthesis of anti-communism, global stability, and U.S. geopolitical interests.
This thesis also will analyze the friendship that developed between Hoover and Truman during the FEC missions. This helped lead to further collaboration between the two leaders, as the President asked the ex-President to assist in the creation of the First Hoover Commission, leading to a Second Hoover Commission under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Despite ongoing political dissimilarities and occasional disagreements, the friendship of Hoover and Truman strengthened and endured for the remainder of the lives.
49
Lane, Jonathon. "Anchorage in Aboriginal affairs: A. P. Elkin on religious continuity and civic obligation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3691.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Australian Aboriginal affairs, the acculturative strand of assimilation developed in large part from Elkin’s religious and Idealist commitment, for which in the years 1928 to 1933 he won social-scientific authority. In competition with both an eliminationist politics of race and a segregationist politics of territory, Elkin drew upon religious experience, apologetics, sociology, and networks to establish a ‘positive policy’ as an enduring ideal in Aboriginal affairs. His leadership of the 1930s reform movement began within the Anglican Church, became national through civic-religious organs of publicity, and gained scientific authority as Elkin made religious themes a central concern in Australian anthropology. But from the 1960s until recently, most scholars have lost sight of the centrality of Idealism and religion in our protagonist’s seminal project of acculturative assimilation. This thesis aims to show how Elkin dealt with problems fundamental to twentieth century Aboriginal affairs and indeed to Australian modernity more generally – problems of faith and science, morality and expediency – in developing his positive policy towards Aborigines.
50
Ducroquetz, Florence. "L'Union européenne et le maintien de la paix." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579597.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis 2001, l'UE a mené plus d'une vingtaine d'opérations militaires et de missions civiles, et elle est désormais considérée comme une organisation majeure dans le domaine du maintien de la paix.Longtemps perçue comme une organisation intergouvernementale, la mise en place d'une structure européenne de gestion des crises intégrée au coeur de l'organisation, ainsi que la délégation de la gestion courante de la crise aux organes européens, ont participé à l'autonomisation progressive de l'UE par rapport à ses Etats membres. Cette autonomisation de l'organisation se manifeste également dans l'ordre juridique international. Tout un corps de règles s'applique alors à l'UE du fait de son intervention dans l'ordre juridique international, notamment les règles relatives à la responsabilité internationale des organisations régionales. L'intervention effective de l'Union européenne dans le domaine du maintien de la paix - en tant qu'organisation régionale - s'inscrit dans un cadre juridique imprécis. Or, le phénomène de régionalisation a pu être interprété comme portant préjudice au système de sécurité collective instauré par la Charte des Nations unies. Partant,deux aspects de l'intervention effective de l'UE appellent analyse : celui de la conformité de son action au cadre onusien et celui de sa contribution aux évolutions du maintien de la paix