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Dalpe, Allisa J., May-Win L. Thein, and Martin Renken. "PERFORM: A Metric for Evaluating Autonomous System Performance in Marine Testbed Environments Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 11940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trust and confidence in autonomous behavior is required to send autonomous vehicles into operational missions. The authors introduce the Performance Evaluation and Review Framework Of Robotic Missions (PERFORM), a framework to enable a rigorous and replicable autonomy test environment, thereby filling the void between that of merely simulating autonomy and that of completing true field missions. A generic architecture for defining the missions under test is proposed and a unique Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic approach is used as the foundation for the mathematically rigorous autonomy evaluation framework. The test environment is designed to aid in (1) new technology development (i.e., providing direct comparisons and quantitative evaluations between autonomy algorithms), (2) the validation of the performance of specific autonomous platforms, and (3) the selection of the appropriate robotic platform(s) for a given mission type (e.g., for surveying, surveillance, search and rescue). Three case studies are presented to apply the metric to various test scenarios. Results demonstrate the flexibility of the technique with the ability to tailor tests to the user’s design requirements accounting for different priorities related to acceptable risks and goals of a given mission.
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Lematta, Glenn J., Craig J. Johnson, Erin K. Chiou, and Nancy J. Cooke. "Does Team Interaction Exploration Support Resilience in Human Autonomy Teaming?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Project overview As a team explores interactions, they may find opportunities to expand and refine teamwork over time. This can have consequences for team effectiveness in normal and unexpected situations (Woods, 2018). Understanding the role of exploratory team interactions may be relevant for human-autonomy team (HAT) resilience in the face of synthetic agent rigidity and lack of anticipation (Demir et al, 2019). Team interaction exploration was defined as team interactions with qualities (e.g. content, communication medium) unique to a team’s interaction history (Cooke et al., 2013; Hills et al., 2015). This study examines the relationship between team interaction exploration and HAT performance in multiple remotely-piloted aerial system (RPAS) reconnaissance missions with degraded conditions. The goal of the task was to take good photos of target waypoints. In this task, three teammates are assigned to specific roles: the navigator plans the route using a digital map, the pilot (synthetic) controls the RPAS and selects target waypoints, and the photographer calibrates camera settings to take a good photo of a target waypoint. The synthetic agent was capable of routine team coordination without explicit team player qualities. Teams communicated via a text-chat interface. Seven unique degraded conditions were injected throughout ten missions. Three automation failures disrupted RPAS status information on the photographer’s or pilot’s display, and three autonomy failures disrupted the synthetic agent’s comprehension of waypoint information or caused the agent to move on to the next target before a photo was taken. Finally, a malicious cyber-attack caused the synthetic agent to fly the RPAS to an enemy occupied waypoint. Method Forty-four participants were recruited from a large southwestern university in pairs and formed teams (22 teams) to participate in this study. These participants were either undergraduate or graduate students. This experiment consisted of ten 40-minute missions in total that were carried out over two sessions separated by one-to two-week intervals. After a baseline mission, an automation and autonomy failure was injected into each mission while the team processed target waypoints. The malicious cyber-attack occurred during the final 20-minutes of the tenth mission. This study collected a several measures including measures of team process, physiological measures, and surveys of teamwork knowledge, trust, workload, and anthropomorphism which are not considered in this study. Exploratory team interaction was operationalized as any text-message unique in content, sender, or recipient that was unrelated to routine coordination of target waypoints. Teams were grouped using k-means clustering by their target processing efficiency, number of overcome roadblocks, and mission performance. The three clusters ( K = 3) were comparatively described as low- ( N = 7), middle- ( N = 7), and high-performing ( N = 5) teams. A mixed-factor ANOVA compared the frequency of each team’s exploratory interactions by mission and cluster. Results and discussion High-performing teams were distinguished from middle-and low-performing teams in their ability to maintain high levels of overall performance while efficiently processing targets and overcoming many roadblocks. Middle-performing teams were efficient in overcoming roadblocks but had worse mission performance. The findings indicate that 1) high-performing teams explored team interactions more than middle-performing teams, 2) there was no significant difference in exploration frequency between high-and low-performing teams, and 3) teams explored more in the first session than the second session, with the exception of the final mission. Overall, exploratory team interaction differentiated HAT performance in normal and degraded conditions and should be further examined at other levels of interaction, such as content meaning and interaction patterns.
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Frank, Jeremy D., Kerry McGuire, Haifa R. Moses, and Jerri Stephenson. "Developing Decision Aids to Enable Human Spaceflight Autonomy." AI Magazine 37, no. 4 (January 17, 2017): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v37i4.2683.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As NASA explores destinations beyond the Moon, the distance between Earth and spacecraft will increase communication delays between astronauts and Mission Control. Today, astronauts coordinate with Mission Control to request assistance and await approval to perform tasks. Many of these coordination tasks require multiple exchanges of information, (for example, taking turns). In the presence of long communication delays, the length of time between turns may lead to inefficiency, or increased mission risk. Future astronauts will need software-based decision aids to enable them to work autonomously from Mission Control. These tools require the right combination of mission operations functions, for example, automated planning and fault management, troubleshooting recommendations, easy to access information, and just-in-time training. Ensuring these elements are properly designed and integrated requires an integrated human factors approach. This article describes a recent demonstration of autonomous mission operations using a novel software-based decision aid onboard the International Space Station. We describe how this new technology changes the way astronauts coordinate with mission control, and how the lessons learned from these early demonstrations will enable the operational autonomy needed to ensure astronauts can safely journey to Mars, and beyond.
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Vu Thanh, Hélène. "Japan, a Separate Province From India? Rivalries and Financial Management of Two Jesuit Missions in Asia." Journal of Early Modern History 24, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342669.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article analyzes the organization of the Jesuit missions in Asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries through the case of the relationship between the Indian mission and the Japanese mission, which was subordinate to it. It highlights the management and control methods which were specific to the Asian missions. It thus demonstrates the growing autonomy of the Japanese mission, which was trying to free itself from Indian administrative and financial supervision. In doing so, the deep-seated nature of the rivalries and tensions between missions within a single Jesuit province are brought into focus, despite Roman arbitration. The article is thus an invitation to reassess the regional dimension to Jesuit governance, which is sometimes ignored in favor of the global aspect.
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Fischer, John Martin. "RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTONOMY: THE PROBLEM OF MISSION CREEP." Philosophical Issues 22, no. 1 (October 2012): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-6077.2012.00223.x.
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Hwang, Jimin, Neil Bose, and Shuangshuang Fan. "AUV Adaptive Sampling Methods: A Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are unmanned marine robots that have been used for a broad range of oceanographic missions. They are programmed to perform at various levels of autonomy, including autonomous behaviours and intelligent behaviours. Adaptive sampling is one class of intelligent behaviour that allows the vehicle to autonomously make decisions during a mission in response to environment changes and vehicle state changes. Having a closed-loop control architecture, an AUV can perceive the environment, interpret the data and take follow-up measures. Thus, the mission plan can be modified, sampling criteria can be adjusted, and target features can be traced. This paper presents an overview of existing adaptive sampling techniques. Included are adaptive mission uses and underlying methods for perception, interpretation and reaction to underwater phenomena in AUV operations. The potential for future research in adaptive missions is discussed.
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Kalis, Annemarie, Johannes J. M. van Delden, and Maartje H. N. Schermer. "“The good life” for demented persons living in nursing homes." International Psychogeriatrics 16, no. 4 (December 2004): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161020400078x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: This study investigated which concepts regarding “the good life” are used in mission statements of nursing homes providing care for demented patients.Method: All 317 Dutch nursing homes caring for demented patients were asked to participate; of these, 69% responded. Their mission statements were qualitatively analyzed on content. Whether different types of nursing home differed significantly in the content of their mission statements was investigated by means of χ2 analyses.Results: Six main concepts were found that are considered important for a good life: 1) autonomy and freedom, 2) individuality and lifestyle, 3) relationships and social networks, 4) warmth and safety and familiarity, 5) developing capacities and giving meaning to life and 6) subjective experience and feelings of well-being. It was found that mission statements specifically developed for demented patients attach less importance to the concepts 1) autonomy and freedom and 2) individuality and lifestyle, than mission statements which are also aimed at non-demented residents. Most mission statements turned out to be highly eclectic in content.Conclusion: Nursing homes with a separate statement for demented residents seem to acknowledge the special position of demented residents and the tension between dementia and the ideal of autonomy. Although the eclecticism found in mission statements is understandable, a coherent view on the good life for demented residents should aim for a sound internal structure, and make choices between values. Only then can mission statements provide real guidance for everyday care.
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Fischer, Ute, and Kathleen Mosier. "Examining Teamwork of Space Crewmembers and Mission Control Personnel Under Crew Autonomy: A Multiteam System Perspective." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introducing crew autonomy into the design of future space operations will involve a change in how responsibilities are distributed between crew and mission control and may disrupt the functioning of the space/ground multiteam system (MTS). During a 4-month space mission simulation we collected survey data from crewmembers and mission controllers tapping their team concept, perception of MTS cohesion and efficacy, task work and performance. Preliminary analyses indicate some aspects of team cognition that may be affected by crew autonomy. Crewmembers’ and mission controllers’ team concepts centered on members of their own component teams rather than the MTS. Mission controllers perceived higher cohesion— especially higher task cohesion—with crewmembers than vice-versa and were more likely than crewmembers to express high confidence in the efficacy of the MTS. While mission controllers and crewmembers expressed comparable levels of satisfaction with task performance, they disagreed on how much each component team contributed to task success.
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Thieme, Christoph Alexander, and Ingrid Bouwer Utne. "A risk model for autonomous marine systems and operation focusing on human–autonomy collaboration." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 231, no. 4 (August 2017): 446–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17709377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Autonomous marine systems, such as autonomous ships and autonomous underwater vehicles, gain increased interest in industry and academia. Expected benefits of autonomous marine system in comparison to conventional marine systems are reduced cost, reduced risk to operators, and increased efficiency of such systems. Autonomous underwater vehicles are applied in scientific, commercial, and military applications for surveys and inspections of the sea floor, the water column, marine structures, and objects of interest. Autonomous underwater vehicles are costly vehicles and may carry expensive payloads. Hence, risk models are needed to assess the mission success before a mission and adapt the mission plan if necessary. The operators prepare and interact with autonomous underwater vehicles to carry out a mission successfully. Risk models need to reflect these interactions. This article presents a Bayesian belief network to assess the human–autonomy collaboration performance, as part of a risk model for autonomous underwater vehicle operation. Human–autonomy collaboration represents the joint performance of the human operators in conjunction with an autonomous system to achieve a mission aim. A case study shows that the human–autonomy collaboration can be improved in two ways: (1) through better training and inclusion of experienced operators and (2) through improved reliability of autonomous functions and situation awareness of vehicles. It is believed that the human–autonomy collaboration Bayesian belief network can improve autonomous underwater vehicle design and autonomous underwater vehicle operations by clarifying relationships between technical, human, and organizational factors and their influence on mission risk. The article focuses on autonomous underwater vehicle, but the results should be applicable to other types of autonomous marine systems.
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Chien, Steve, Joshua Doubleday, David R. Thompson, Kiri L. Wagstaff, John Bellardo, Craig Francis, Eric Baumgarten, et al. "Onboard Autonomy on the Intelligent Payload Experiment CubeSat Mission." Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 14, no. 6 (June 2017): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.i010386.
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Peters, Susanne, Christoph Pirzkall, Hauke Fiedler, and Roger Förstner. "Mission concept and autonomy considerations for active Debris removal." Acta Astronautica 129 (December 2016): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.10.006.
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Close-Barry, Kirstie. "Transporting Concepts of ‘Native’ Land as Birthright between Fiji and Australia’s North." Social Sciences and Missions 30, no. 3-4 (2017): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03003001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the experiences at two Methodist communities in the Pacific and their assertions of sovereignty from the 1920s to the 1960s. It explores the connections between two nodes of the Methodist Mission – Fiji and Australia’s Northern Territory – through one missionary, Kolinio Saukuru. While there were moments of great political mobilisation at each site, efforts to assert Indigenous land ownership and autonomy were hampered by persistent racialized views of the ‘native’ amongst missionaries and the colonial state. This article engages with questions emerging from the histories of colonial missions, particularly whether missions aligned with colonial administrations on strategies of governance. However, it also points to the need to think beyond national boundaries when studying mission histories. An examination of the Methodist Overseas Mission using a transnational framework illuminates a network of Indigenous people who worked to protect what some missionaries and anthropologists considered an Indigenous ‘birthright’: the land. This study therefore expands on the existing historiography of colonial missions, of Indigenous labour, and of land rights activism in Fiji and Australia’s north.
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Donati, Alessandro, Jose Antonio Martinez-Heras, and Nicola Policella. "Benefits of Using Innovative Tools for Diagnostics and Planning in ESA Mission Operations." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 8 (October 20, 2011): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p1159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Future European Space Agency (ESA) space missions are demanding and driving new operations concepts for increased on-board autonomy, for flexible and robust planning and scheduling services, and for ground capabilities to agglomerate and process a huge amount of downlinked data (e.g., tens of thousands of telemetry parameters) to extract high-level information and knowledge. Mission control will have to cope with maintaining and programming challenging missions such as interplanetary probes, complex scientific missions, and a constellation of earth-observation missions. The process of innovation in these areas is already progressing at the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) of the ESA, and this paper highlights specific achievements and trends in the area of spacecraft diagnosis and mission planning and scheduling by making use of a variety of technologies and techniques. The discussion then focuses on the tools’ operational impact and on the expected trends in the future.
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Doherty, Patrick, Fredrik Heintz, and Jonas Kvarnström. "High-Level Mission Specification and Planning for Collaborative Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using Delegation." Unmanned Systems 01, no. 01 (June 20, 2013): 75–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385013500052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automated specification, generation and execution of high level missions involving one or more heterogeneous unmanned aircraft systems is in its infancy. Much previous effort has been focused on the development of air vehicle platforms themselves together with the avionics and sensor subsystems that implement basic navigational skills. In order to increase the degree of autonomy in such systems so they can successfully participate in more complex mission scenarios such as those considered in emergency rescue that also include ongoing interactions with human operators, new architectural components and functionalities will be required to aid not only human operators in mission planning, but also the unmanned aircraft systems themselves in the automatic generation, execution and partial verification of mission plans to achieve mission goals. This article proposes a formal framework and architecture based on the unifying concept of delegation that can be used for the automated specification, generation and execution of high-level collaborative missions involving one or more air vehicles platforms and human operators. We describe an agent-based software architecture, a temporal logic-based mission specification language, a distributed temporal planner and a task specification language that when integrated provide a basis for the generation, instantiation and execution of complex collaborative missions on heterogeneous air vehicle systems. A prototype of the framework is operational in a number of autonomous unmanned aircraft systems developed in our research lab.
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Ramirez-Atencia, Cristian, and David Camacho. "Extending QGroundControl for Automated Mission Planning of UAVs." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become very popular in the last decade due to some advantages such as strong terrain adaptation, low cost, zero casualties, and so on. One of the most interesting advances in this field is the automation of mission planning (task allocation) and real-time replanning, which are highly useful to increase the autonomy of the vehicle and reduce the operator workload. These automated mission planning and replanning systems require a Human Computer Interface (HCI) that facilitates the visualization and selection of plans that will be executed by the vehicles. In addition, most missions should be assessed before their real-life execution. This paper extends QGroundControl, an open-source simulation environment for flight control of multiple vehicles, by adding a mission designer that permits the operator to build complex missions with tasks and other scenario items; an interface for automated mission planning and replanning, which works as a test bed for different algorithms, and a Decision Support System (DSS) that helps the operator in the selection of the plan. In this work, a complete guide of these systems and some practical use cases are provided
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Bartik, Jessica, Heath Ruff, Kyle Behymer, Elizabeth Frost, Gloria Calhoun, Sarah Spriggs, and Taleri Hammack. "Mission-Coded Map Icon Decision Aids for Play-Based Multi-Unmanned Vehicle Autonomy Delegation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An extended play-based human-autonomy interface paradigm was designed to support rule-based and knowledge-based behaviors for human operators tasked with managing twelve unmanned vehicles (UVs). The present research evaluates how autonomy might provide additional decision support that helps the operator correlate new mission events with the required tasks/plays to be initiated, along with the locations each play should be initiated. Each of eight participants performed 240 trials in which they designated a location or vehicle on the map in response to mission-related event prompts in a chat window. Experimental manipulations included the presence or absence of pictorial mission-coded icons on the map, the clutter level of the map, and whether or not satellite imagery was presented on the map. Both the objective performance data and subjective ratings indicated that map designations in response to mission event prompts were significantly faster when the mission-coded icons were presented on the map. Additionally, questionnaire ratings were more favorable when the mission icons were used (e.g., higher perceived performance and less workload). Suggestions are made for follow-on research.
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Pandey, I. M. "Governance of Higher Education Institutions." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920040207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governance includes the issues of autonomy and accountability. In most countries, including developing countries, autonomy is being extended to higher education institutions (HEIs) in order to increase the flexibility which these institutions require to meet the needs of the society and the economy. Autonomy is the prerogative and the ability of an institution to act by its own choices in pursuit of its mission and goals. This ensures optimum allocation of resources for achieving the stated goals and missions of HEIs which are knowledge creation and dissemination. These institutions are mission- oriented and although they have a significant impact on the economy and the society, their action and results are not directly measurable in financial terms. Autonomy encompasses three areas - academic, institutional, and financial. Academic autonomy is the freedom for faculty members to operate freely which would lead to intellectual wealth of great quality. Institutional autonomy includes operational freedom and freedom of decision-making by the institute's constituents. Financial autonomy means the freedom to raise and use funds according to its priorities and internal rules. An institution cannot have full institutional autonomy without financial autonomy. Allowing financial autonomy with accountability would assess the effectiveness of the institution in disseminating knowledge to its students. Autonomy of publicly funded institutions also implies societal accountability. Institutions operate in a given environment. Therefore, their actions and outcomes must be consistent with the demands of the external environment. Societal concern assumes great significance as governance in HEIs cannot be devoid of environment and social responsibility. Every organization's actions influence the members of the society, directly or indirectly. Therefore, HEIs should strive to strike a balance between needs of their stakeholders, demands of the society, and autonomy. A socially responsible HEI should perform the following duties: Be a resource and supporter for public policies and issues. Ensure admission to all qualified students from all sections of the society. Facilitate quality education and research. Assist in professionalizing management practice of socially desirable but under-managed sectors. Help business and industry through training, research, and consultancy. Research on the issues that are significant for the government, the industry, and other sectors and disseminate the research findings. Collaborate with other academic institutions to help them improve their aca- demic standards. Organizations take a lot from the society and hence should also give back to the society. This attitude will sustain them over a long period of time.
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ILIE, Doina. "Achieving Interoperability in a Federated Environment and in the Current Security Context." Romanian Military Thinking 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.4.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Joint missions, exercises and deployments have shown that it is crucial to continuously coordinate processes, training, documents and technologies on a multinational basis. Interoperability on the battlefield, be it on land, in the air, in space, at sea and in the cyber and information space, can often be achieved only after many years of technical and procedural preparation. Time that is no longer available when establishing concrete mission networks, as the war in Ukraine is currently showing us. With Federated Mission Networking (FMN), a framework was created and established that allows a significant reduction in this lead time and at the same time a certain degree of national autonomy in the choice of individual communications and information technology solutions."
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Sánchez-Rojas, José Armando, José Aníbal Arias-Aguilar, Hiroshi Takemura, and Alberto Elías Petrilli-Barceló. "Staircase Detection, Characterization and Approach Pipeline for Search and Rescue Robots." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 10736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, most rescue robots are mainly teleoperated and integrate some level of autonomy to reduce the operator’s workload, allowing them to focus on the primary mission tasks. One of the main causes of mission failure are human errors and increasing the robot’s autonomy can increase the probability of success. For this reason, in this work, a stair detection and characterization pipeline is presented. The pipeline is tested on a differential drive robot using the ROS middleware, YOLOv4-tiny and a region growing based clustering algorithm. The pipeline’s staircase detector was implemented using the Neural Compute Engines (NCEs) of the OpenCV AI Kit with Depth (OAK-D) RGB-D camera, which allowed the implementation using the robot’s computer without a GPU and, thus, could be implemented in similar robots to increase autonomy. Furthermore, by using this pipeline we were able to implement a Fuzzy controller that allows the robot to align itself, autonomously, with the staircase. Our work can be used in different robots running the ROS middleware and can increase autonomy, allowing the operator to focus on the primary mission tasks. Furthermore, due to the design of the pipeline, it can be used with different types of RGB-D cameras, including those that generate noisy point clouds from low disparity depth images.
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Sigala, Alberto, and Brent Langhals. "Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS): A Delphi Study Projecting Future UAS Missions and Relevant Challenges." Drones 4, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4010008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over recent decades, the world has experienced a growing demand for and reliance upon unmanned aerial systems (UAS) to perform a broad spectrum of applications to include military operations such as surveillance/reconnaissance and strike/attack. As UAS technology matures and capabilities expand, especially with respect to increased autonomy, acquisition professionals and operational decision makers must determine how best to incorporate advanced capabilities into existing and emerging mission areas. This research seeks to predict which autonomous UAS capabilities are most likely to emerge over the next 20 years as well as the key challenges for implementation for each capability. Employing the Delphi method and relying on subject matter experts from operations, acquisitions and academia, future autonomous UAS mission areas and the corresponding level of autonomy are forecasted. The study finds consensus for a broad range of increased UAS capabilities with ever increasing levels of autonomy, but found the most promising areas for research and development to include intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) mission areas and sense and avoid and data link technologies.
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Graham, Hudson D., Myke C. Cohen, John Hrabovsky, Dylan Orth, and Nancy J. Cooke. "Team and Individual Trust Progression for Human-Autonomy Teaming in Next Generation Combat Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated in 22 teams, individual and team trust measures reported by two human participants, recruited from a university populace, as they interacted with each other, robotic combat vehicles (RCVs), a human superior, and their team during a simulated Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) mission conducted within Minecraft. Trust was measured via survey questions based on established metrics and was found to be high toward the human peer, the human superior, and the overall team throughout the mission. In contrast, overall trust in the RCV was significantly lower in phases of the mission when breakdown in RCV functionality caused a hindrance in mission completion. Trust in the RCV was shown to recover as the mission progressed in phases without RCV maintenance issues. The findings reinforce that trust is distinguishable at the individual level and not necessarily perceived the same at the team level.
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Aguado, Esther, Zorana Milosevic, Carlos Hernández, Ricardo Sanz, Mario Garzon, Darko Bozhinoski, and Claudio Rossi. "Functional Self-Awareness and Metacontrol for Underwater Robot Autonomy." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Autonomous systems are expected to maintain a dependable operation without human intervention. They are intended to fulfill the mission for which they were deployed, properly handling the disturbances that may affect them. Underwater robots, such as the UX-1 mine explorer developed in the UNEXMIN project, are paradigmatic examples of this need. Underwater robots are affected by both external and internal disturbances that hamper their capability for autonomous operation. Long-term autonomy requires not only the capability of perceiving and properly acting in open environments but also a sufficient degree of robustness and resilience so as to maintain and recover the operational functionality of the system when disturbed by unexpected events. In this article, we analyze the operational conditions for autonomous underwater robots with a special emphasis on the UX-1 miner explorer. We then describe a knowledge-based self-awareness and metacontrol subsystem that enables the autonomous reconfiguration of the robot subsystems to keep mission-oriented capability. This resilience augmenting solution is based on the deep modeling of the functional architecture of the autonomous robot in combination with ontological reasoning to allow self-diagnosis and reconfiguration during operation. This mechanism can transparently use robot functional redundancy to ensure mission satisfaction, even in the presence of faults.
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Mejias, Luis, Jean-Philippe Diguet, Catherine Dezan, Duncan Campbell, Jonathan Kok, and Gilles Coppin. "Embedded Computation Architectures for Autonomy in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper addresses the challenge of embedded computing resources required by future autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Based on an analysis of the required onboard functions that will lead to higher levels of autonomy, we look at most common UAS tasks to first propose a classification of UAS tasks considering categories such as flight, navigation, safety, mission and executing entities such as human, offline machine, embedded system. We then analyse how a given combination of tasks can lead to higher levels of autonomy by defining an autonomy level. We link UAS applications, the tasks required by those applications, the autonomy level and the implications on computing resources to achieve that autonomy level. We provide insights on how to define a given autonomy level for a given application based on a number of tasks. Our study relies on the state-of-the-art hardware and software implementations of the most common tasks currently used by UAS, also expected tasks according to the nature of their future missions. We conclude that current computing architectures are unlikely to meet the autonomy requirements of future UAS. Our proposed approach is based on dynamically reconfigurable hardware that offers benefits in computational performance and energy usage. We believe that UAS designers must now consider the embedded system as a masterpiece of the system.
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Uhm, Taewon, Jang-Woo Lee, Gyeong-Tae Kim, Seung-Gu Yang, Joo-Young Kim, Jae-Kyung Kim, and Seungkeun Kim. "Decision-Making System of UAV for ISR Mission Level Autonomy." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 49, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2021.49.10.829.
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Cividanes, Filipe, Mauricio Ferreira, and Fabricio Kucinskis. "On-board Automated Mission Planning for Spacecraft Autonomy: A Survey." IEEE Latin America Transactions 17, no. 06 (June 2019): 884–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2019.8896810.
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Bieker, Richard. "The impact of AACSB accreditation on the autonomy and costs of limited resource institutions whose missions are primarily teaching." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 6, no. 2 (September 2, 2014): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-06-2013-0024.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of AACSB accreditation on the autonomy and costs of limited resource institutions whose missions are primarily teaching. Design/methodology/approach – To evaluate the research questions, a content analysis of all publications in the EBSCO Business Source Premier Database for the period January 1, 1990 through December 15, 2012 was conducted. Findings – The findings indicate that in the process of becoming AACSB accredited, faculty members of the subject institutions shift their focus more toward research and less toward teaching activities, and that the institutions become less autonomous and more like their benchmark AACSB institutions. In addition, the costs of AACSB accreditation are likely to be significant for the subject institutions. Research limitations/implications – The findings of the study point to the need for additional theoretical and empirical research related to the research questions. First, there is a need to formulate a conceptual framework for clearly identifying and measuring the implicit and explicit costs, including all of the opportunity costs, associated with accreditation. In addition, there is a compelling need to develop a conceptual framework and measurement system that will allow business schools to better assess their quality and productivity. For limited resource institutions whose missions are primarily teaching this system should comport with the schools’ teaching missions. Practical implications – The findings suggest that the subject institutions seeking AACSB accreditation should carefully consider a number of questions before pursing accreditation. First, is the institution's mission congruent with AACSB standards or will its mission have to be changed? If AACSB accreditation is deemed to be appropriate, how will the associated changes in resource needs and resource allocation serve to further the institution's mission? And, what are the incremental costs of accreditation, and does the institution have the resource base to sustain accreditation? Originality/value – The study is the first to conduct a detailed content analysis to evaluate some of the costs and benefits of AACSB accreditation for limited resource institutions whose missions are primarily teaching.
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Biggie, Harel, Eugene Rush, Danny Riley, Shakeeb Ahmad, Michael Ohradzansky, Kyle Harlow, Michael Miles, et al. "Flexible Supervised Autonomy for Exploration in Subterranean Environments." Field Robotics 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 125–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55417/fr.2023004.
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While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in realworld underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission, and make high-impact strategic decisions.We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and reconfigurable communications.
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Buta, Bernardo Oliveira, Marco Antonio Carvalho Teixeira, and Antonio Sergio Araujo Fernandes. "When autonomy is necessary for performance: Brazilian public defenders’ offices." Revista de Administração Pública 56, no. 4 (July 2022): 488–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220220047x.
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Abstract Public Defender’s Offices (PDOs) are responsible for providing legal assistance to citizens in situations of social and economic vulnerability. These organizations litigate directly against the state to guarantee the provision of public services and prevent government abuses or deviations. Therefore, these organizations require autonomy to fulfill their mission. This work analyzes the relationship between autonomy and performance in Brazilian PDOs. The work tests the perception of the impact between autonomy and performance of Brazilian PDOs. A survey was carried out with bureaucrats from 27 Brazilian PDOs, and the data was analyzed through structural equation modeling. The variables observed include, in addition to performance and autonomy, availability of resources, competencies, and accountability. The results point out a perception that PDOs must be autonomous and free from political influences to perform their mission properly. The bureaucrats’ skills and accountability were identified as relevant factors for the organizations’ performance. However, there was no significant relationship between resource availability and perceived performance. The contributions of this study include obtaining evidence of empirical validity to measure the constructs “autonomy,” “availability of resources,” “skills,” and “responsibility” and their impact on the performance of PDOs.
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Carreno, Yaniel, Èric Pairet, Yvan Petillot, and Ronald P. A. Petrick. "A Decentralised Strategy for Heterogeneous AUV Missions via Goal Distribution and Temporal Planning." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 30 (June 1, 2020): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v30i1.6738.
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Heterogeneous multi-robot systems offer the potential to support complex missions, such as those needed for persistent autonomy in underwater domains. Such systems enable each robot to be optimised for specific tasks to better manage dynamic situations. In this context, temporal planning can generate plans to support the execution of multi-robot missions. However, the task distribution quality in the generated plans is often poor due to the strategies that existing planners employ to search for suitable actions, which do not tend to optimise task allocation. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called the Decentralised Heterogeneous Robot Task Allocator (DHRTA) which enhances goal distribution by considering task spatial distribution, execution time, and the capabilities of the available robots. DHRTA is the first phase of our decentralised planning strategy which supports individual robot plan generation using temporal planners. Experiments illustrate the robustness of the approach and indicate improvements in plan quality by reducing the planning time, mission time and the rate of mission failures.
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Hill, Jordan R., and Barrett S. Caldwell. "Toward Better Understanding of Function Allocation Requirements for Planetary Eva and Habitat Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621007.
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The authors participated in a Mars planetary science research analog that included simulated extravehicular activity (EVA) and intravehicular (IV) crewmembers with delayed communications with Earth. Within the analog context, the authors considered which information streams and sources were monitored by IV crewmembers throughout the simulated EVAs. The capabilities of IV crewmember monitoring were compared to information considered critical for the successful completion of EVA on Mars, suggesting gaps for improved human-automation function allocation. The authors’ findings support available literature that indicate that new mission architectures for planetary exploration mandate increased autonomy from Earth-based controllers. This autonomy will result in too many mission-critical data streams for the attentional capabilities of relatively small crew. Results of this work can inform further investigation into evolving concepts of mission operations that incorporate effective human-automation teaming to support dynamic function allocation for spaceflight exploration tasks.
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Woo, Ji-Won, Yoo-Seung Choi, Jun-Young An, and Chang-Joo Kim. "An Approach to Air-to-Surface Mission Planner on 3D Environments for an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle." Drones 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6010020.
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Recently, interest in mission autonomy related to Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles(UCAVs) for performing highly dangerous Air-to-Surface Missions(ASMs) has been increasing. Regarding autonomous mission planners, studies currently being conducted in this field have been mainly focused on creating a path from a macroscopic 2D environment to a dense target area or proposing a route for intercepting a target. For further improvement, this paper treats a mission planning algorithm on an ASM which can plan the path to the target dense area in consideration of threats spread in a 3D terrain environment while planning the shortest path to intercept multiple targets. To do so, ASMs are considered three sequential mission elements: ingress, intercept, and egress. The ingress and egress elements require a terrain flight path to penetrate deep into the enemy territory. Thus, the proposed terrain flight path planner generates a nap-of-the-earth path to avoid detection by enemy radar while avoiding enemy air defense threats. In the intercept element, the shortest intercept path planner based on the Dubins path concept combined with nonlinear programming is developed to minimize exposure time for survivability. Finally, the integrated ASM planner is applied to several mission scenarios and validated by simulations using a rotorcraft model.
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Peng, Kemao. "Autonomous Mission Management Based Nonlinear Flight Control Design for a Class of Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Guidance, Navigation and Control 01, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2737480721500096.
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In this paper, a nonlinear flight control law is designed for a hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to achieve the advanced flight performances with the autonomous mission management (AMM). The hybrid UAV is capable of hovering like quadrotors and maneuvering as fixed-wing aircraft. The main idea is to design the flight control laws in modules. Those modules are organized online by the autonomous mission management. Such online organization will improve the UAV autonomy. One of the challenges is to execute the transition flight between the rotary-wing and fixed-wing modes. The resulting closed-loop system with the designed flight control law is verified in simulation and the simulation results demonstrate that the resulting closed-loop system can successfully complete the designated flight missions including the transition flight between the rotary-wing and fixed-wing modes.
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Graver, Hans Petter. "Mission Impossible: Supranationality and National Legal Autonomy in the EEA Agreement." European Foreign Affairs Review 7, Issue 1 (February 1, 2002): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/404885.
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Hoa, Nguyen Tai. "Autonomy in higher education in Vietnam." International journal of business, economics & management 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijbem.v5n4.2047.
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Currently, the education and training in Vietnam sector has had specific policies and actions in which to attach importance to the renewal of the management mechanism for universities in the direction that universities are more and more autonomous in their mission implementation, improve the quality of education. International experience shows that one of the solutions to improve the quality of public universities is to gradually increase autonomy for universities in the following areas: autonomy in program and education plan; autonomy in using finance and facilities; autonomy in recruitment, human resource management; autonomy in educational goals and quality. The paper presents the research on the model of autonomous public universities in Vietnam in the context of the implementation of the Education Law 2019.
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Nesnas, Issa A. D., Lorraine M. Fesq, and Richard A. Volpe. "Autonomy for Space Robots: Past, Present, and Future." Current Robotics Reports 2, no. 3 (June 19, 2021): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43154-021-00057-2.
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Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to highlight space autonomy advances across mission phases, capture the anticipated need for autonomy and associated rationale, assess state of the practice, and share thoughts for future advancements that could lead to a new frontier in space exploration. Recent Findings Over the past two decades, several autonomous functions and system-level capabilities have been demonstrated and used in spacecraft operations. In spite of that, spacecraft today remain largely reliant on ground in the loop to assess situations and plan next actions, using pre-scripted command sequences. Advances have been made across mission phases including spacecraft navigation; proximity operations; entry, descent, and landing; surface mobility and manipulation; and data handling. But past successful practices may not be sustainable for future exploration. The ability of ground operators to predict the outcome of their plans seriously diminishes when platforms physically interact with planetary bodies, as has been experienced in two decades of Mars surface operations. This results from uncertainties that arise due to limited knowledge, complex physical interaction with the environment, and limitations of associated models. Summary Robotics and autonomy are synergistic, wherein robotics provides flexibility, autonomy exercises it to more effectively and robustly explore unknown worlds. Such capabilities can be substantially advanced by leveraging the rapid growth in SmallSats, the relative accessibility of near-Earth objects, and the recent increase in launch opportunities.
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Stateczny, Andrzej, and Pawel Burdziakowski. "Universal Autonomous Control and Management System for Multipurpose Unmanned Surface Vessel." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0004.
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Abstract The paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload?) including multi-beam echo sounder, sonar, LiDAR, automotive radar, photographic and spectral camera systems. The UACAMS designed to provide flexibility that enables to operate on the different kind of surface platform and different type of functional payload. The full system configuration provides all four level of autonomy starting from remotely controlled to full autonomous mission. Each level can be implemented and run depending on user specific requirements. The paper explains the differences between autonomous and automatic mission and shows how the autonomy is implemented into the presented system. The full hardware structural design as well as the software architecture are described. In order to confirm initial assumptions the applied system was tested during four- week sea trials and tuned for a selected vessel to confirm assumptions. In the project, also the original shore control station was designed, produced and tested for the vessel, including specific user controls and radio communication system. Conclusions sum up all crucial points of the design and system implementation process.
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PLESCA, Vasile, and Constantin GHITA. "RESEARCH ON IMPROVING THE AUTONOMY OF MISSIONS EXECUTED BY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES – UAV." "ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS)" 2020, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2020.1.1.
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In order to increase the autonomy of missions executed by unmanned ships – UAV, an experimental stand was created to serve in automatically charging Li-Po batteries that charge-up drones with multiple engines, without disconnecting them from the drone support. Generally speaking, the electrical current necessary even for a standard mission is quite high, and a professional charger has a weight of over 800 grams, weight that will diminish a lot the useful weight of the drone. So the solution found will be to create an automatic charger with two modules, that will also include a personalized BMS for charging/discharging the batteries safely. In this paper we will present the research done on various specialized chargers with different powers and various configurations of batteries in order to find an optimal algorithm to be implemented on the experimental stand created.
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Morris, Robert, and Anjan Chakrabarty. "Addressing Autonomy in Conceptual Design." AI Magazine 40, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v40i2.2856.
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Aircraft design is an iterative process of creating a design concept from a set of requirements. Conceptual design is an early phase in the process, during which preliminary decisions and trade studies are made from a set of requirements related to mission objective and costs. Although much attention has been paid to applying autonomy technologies to robotic systems, including air vehicles, there has been little attention paid to incorporating autonomy as part of the conceptual design process. Consequently, designing for autonomy tends to be retrofitted to a vehicle that has already gone through a complete design process rather than as part of the initial process. This derivative approach to designing autonomous systems is suboptimal, and there is evidence that this has hindered the acceptance of autonomy technologies. This article proposes an approach to conceptual design for aircraft that incorporates autonomy into the conceptual design process. To illustrate the principles introduced, we consider the example of configuring an autonomous small unmanned aerial vehicle for searching and tracking a target of interest.
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STANCU, Florin-Adrian, and Adrian-Mihail STOICA. "Actuator fault reconstruction using FDI system based on sliding mode observers." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 4 (December 2, 2022): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.4.13.
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Interplanetary space missions require spacecraft autonomy in order to fulfill the mission objective. The fault detection and isolation (FDI) system increases the level of autonomy and can ensure the safety of the spacecraft by detecting and isolating potential faults before they become critical. The proposed FDI system is based on an innovative bank of SMOs (sliding mode observers), designed for different fault scenarios cases. The FDI system design aims to detect and isolate actuators and measurement units’ faults used by the satellite control system and considers the nonlinear model of the satellite dynamics. This approach gives the possibility of fault reconstruction based on the information provided by an equivalent injection signal, allowing to reconstruct external perturbances and faults. The SMO chattering phenomenon is avoided by using the pseudo-sliding function, being a linear approximation of the signum function, which gives the possibility of using the equivalent injection signal for fault reconstruction purposes. The proposed fault reconstruction methodology is illustrated by a case study for a 6U Cubesat.
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Troudi, Asma, Sid-Ali Addouche, Sofiene Dellagi, and Abderrahman Mhamedi. "Sizing of the Drone Delivery Fleet Considering Energy Autonomy." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093344.
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One of the most innovative solutions treated in the literature in order to reduce the environmental impact of urban parcel delivery logistics is the use of drones for delivery on the last kilometer. Consequently, nowadays, the primary challenge is essentially related to the drones’ fleet sizing according to its means of support for the urban delivery of parcels. In this paper, we will discuss the issue of dimensioning from a forecast of deliveries of an urban perimeter, the size of the fleet, the stock of battery to dispose of and the strategy of battery charging. We will present an analytical model expressing the proposed problem of the optimal drones’ delivery mission taking into account the issues of autonomy and energy consumption related to the drone’s technical specification. According to the developed analytical model, two optimization policies will be proposed. The first policy consists of planning missions under reducing distance. The second policy tries to make a compromise between the distance and the number of drones. A case study will be presented in order to compare the two policies based on the overall cost of a plan. The main objective of the study is to create a decision-making tool for the design of a drone fleet in the case of forecast deliveries over a time horizon under operational constraints.
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Terracciano, D. S., L. Bazzarello, A. Caiti, R. Costanzi, and V. Manzari. "Marine Robots for Underwater Surveillance." Current Robotics Reports 1, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43154-020-00028-z.
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Abstract Purpose of Review The paper reviews the role of marine robots, in particular unmanned vehicles, in underwater surveillance, i.e. the control and monitoring of an area of competence aimed at identifying potential threats in support of homeland defence, antiterrorism, force protection and Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD). Recent Findings The paper explores separately robotic missions for identification and classification of threats lying on the seabed (e.g. EOD) and anti-intrusion robotic systems. The current main scientific challenge is identified in terms of enhancing autonomy and team/swarm mission capabilities by improving interoperability among robotic vehicles and providing communication networking capabilities, a non-trivial task, giving the severe limitations in bandwidth and latency of acoustic underwater messaging. Summary The work is intended to be a critical guide to the recent prolific bibliography on the topic, providing pointers to the main recent advancements in the field, and to give also a set of references in terms of mission and stakeholders’ requirements (port authorities, coastal guards, navies).
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Kanas, Nick, Matthew Harris, Thomas Neylan, Jennifer Boyd, Daniel S. Weiss, Colleen Cook, and Stephanie Saylor. "High versus low crewmember autonomy during a 105-day Mars simulation mission." Acta Astronautica 69, no. 5-6 (September 2011): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.04.014.
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Schilling, K., and W. Flury. "Autonomy and on-board mission management aspects for the cassini titan probe." Acta Astronautica 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(90)90106-u.
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Panich, Lee M., and Tsim D. Schneider. "Expanding mission archaeology: A landscape approach to indigenous autonomy in colonial California." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 40 (December 2015): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2015.05.006.
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Barbaruk, Magdalena. "Misja uniwersytetu. Walka o reformę na Universidad Católica de Chile." Prace Kulturoznawcze 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.23.2-3.12.
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University mission: The fight for reform at the Catholic University in ChileThe author asks about the mission of the university understood as an axiologically defined way of life. She follows the history of the university reform in Chile in the 20th century, its two key moments from the point of view of university reflection: the strike in 1949 and in 1967. She notes that the strike phenomenon, although contrary to the idea of the university, is a tool for the disclosure of the university community. Both strikes were organized by architecture students at private Catholic universities in Santiago and Valparaíso, respectively, hence the demands for total reorganization, research autonomy, modernization and democratization can be regarded as radical. The author describes the research and teaching practice of the so-called School of Valparaíso, which can be considered the most important source and largest beneficiary having been granted the Open City area of the university reform in Chile. The ideas of architect Alberto Cruz Covarrubias and poet Godofredo Iommi Marini are also a good case for analyzing the problem of university autonomy the issue of apoliticality and questions about when the university fails in its mission.
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Žydžiūnaitė, Vilma, Ilona Tandžegolskienė, and Ausra Rutkienė. "Considerations on a Scientist’s Academic Mission and Roles in a Higher Education School." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2015-0064.
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AbstractAnalysis of the scientific literature has shown that the mission of a scientist is inherent to an individual and is oriented towards institution and activity or performance being implemented in higher education. Every higher education school defines its mission and vision, thus the aim of a scientist is to act according to the provided institutional mission. Academic staff at higher education schools, according to the attributed roles, performs various activities which are associated with teaching and research, administration and human resources management, work in labour services. According to the roles and activities being distinguished and described, diverging concepts exist for handling the academic staff roles. The aim of conceptual research refers to consideration and description of a scientist’s missions and roles in higher education generally and a higher education school specifically. The answers to the following research questions are provided in the article: What are the levels of a scientist missions in higher education? How the roles of a scientist could be defined in higher education referring to autonomy or interdependence? What competencies are attributed to the roles of a scientist in higher education? The research concludes that the mission of a scientist is related to the multi-layered concept covering the roles, context, organizational structure and values in a higher education institution. It is essential for a scientist to perceive and define their own mission(s), role(s), responsibilities and obligations to a higher education school, students, science, and society. The mission of a scientist in a higher education school rests in certain combination of diverse competencies being applied on both organizational and individual levels. In summary, academic staff roles are entwined and contrasting with each other. However, the roles of a researcher and a teacher are linked in general as the role of a teacher requires accomplishing academic staff activities such as planning learning activities, devoting time to consultations, meetings and discussions with students.
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Pratama, Dian Widhi, Raden Biroum Bernardianto, and Rachmat Hidayat. "ANALISIS KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA BIRO PEMERINTAHAN DAN OTONOMI DAERAH SEKRETARIAT DAERAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH." Pencerah Publik 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pencerah.v8i2.2868.
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This research was conducted at the Bureau of Government and Regional Autonomy of the Regional Secretariat of Central Kalimantan Province, it aims to determine the performance of civil servants in the Bureau of Government and Regional Autonomy of the Regional Secretariat of Central Kalimantan Province.
The study used primary data taken with 56 (fifty-six) people by census. From the results of the analysis that the researchers conducted can be seen that the Performance of Civil Servants in the Bureau of Government and Regional Autonomy of the Regional Secretariat of Central Kalimantan Province at a good level, this is in all variables of research, namely Knowledge about Work, Quality of Work, Productivity, Adaptation, Initiative and Problem Solving, Cooperation, Responsibility and Ability in Communicating and Interacting. Based on the assessment criteria set, it can be concluded that the Performance Analysis of Civil Servants in the Bureau of Government and Regional Autonomy of the Regional Secretariat of Central Kalimantan Province is relatively good.
Things that can be recommended in this study such as organization management that only emphasizes on the approach of procedures, but must be refined through changes in vision and mission, approach, strategy and operational activities in order to create excellent teamwork, working relationships based on participation approaches and work groups (teamwork) in order to achieve the mission of an organization that is efficient, effective and heading in a better direction.
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Purwadi, Marsi Adi. "Special Autonomy Papua: Compliance Against Applicable Rules/Guidelines (Case Study In Jayapura City)." Papua Law Journal 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/plj.v2i1.598.
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The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the implementation of activities financed by the Special Autonomy Fund whether it is in accordance with existing rules/guidelines, whether it is seen from the routine activities, the funds used in each activity, the leverage of the implementation of activity towards the achievement the vision and mission of the regional head, the involvement of the Papuans in the activities, and the influence of the implementation of the activities towards solving the problems of the Local people. Methods used include: Quantitative descriptive statistics in the form of concentration measures, and crosstab analysis. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that: 1) During the period of 2008-2014 the implementation of programs/activities classified routinely carried out all almost been implemented with reference to the rules / guidelines of the implementation of Special Autonomy in Papua Province; 2) Development Programs /Activities implemented through the use of Special Autonomy funds, indicating the amount of activities that use substantial amount of funds and the implementation is in accordance with the rules/guidelines of the implementation of Special Autonomy in Papua Province; 3) Implementation of development activities using Special Autonomy funds in Jayapura City has been able to play a role in improving the achievement of vision and mission of regional head, whose implementation has been in accordance with existing rules/guidelines; 4) The results of this study indicate that many programs/activities involving the implementation of many Orang Asli Papua, whose implementation has been in accordance with existing rules/guidelines; 5) Implementation of Special Autonomy policy in Papua Province is expected to solve the problems faced by Orang Asli Papua. The results of this study indicate that most of the activities undertaken by the Jayapura City Government using Special Autonomy funds have had an impact/change in alleviating the problems/problems faced by Local People, whose implementation has been in accordance with existing rules/guidelines.
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Campo, Liseth Viviana, Agapito Ledezma, and Juan Carlos Corrales. "MCO Plan: Efficient Coverage Mission for Multiple Micro Aerial Vehicles Modeled as Agents." Drones 6, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6070181.
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Micro aerial vehicle (MAV) fleets have gained essential recognition in the decision schemes for precision agriculture, disaster management, and other coverage missions. However, they have some challenges in becoming massively deployed. One of them is resource management in restricted workspaces. This paper proposes a plan to balance resources when considering the practical use of MAVs and workspace in daily chores. The coverage mission plan is based on five stages: world abstraction, area partitioning, role allocation, task generation, and task allocation. The tasks are allocated according to agent roles, Master, Coordinator, or Operator (MCO), which describe their flight autonomy, connectivity, and decision skill. These roles are engaged with the partitioning based on the Voronoi-tessellation but extended to heterogeneous polygons. The advantages of the MCO Plan were evident compared with conventional Boustrophedon decomposition and clustering by K-means. The MCO plan achieved a balanced magnitude and trend of heterogeneity between both methods, involving MAVs with few or intermediate resources. The resulting efficiency was tested in the GAMA platform, with gained energy between 2% and 10% in the mission end. In addition, the MCO plan improved mission times while the connectivity was effectively held, even more, if the Firefly algorithm generated coverage paths.
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Makdisi, Karim, and Coralie Pison Hindawi. "Exploring the UN and OPCW Partnership in Syrian Chemical Weapons Disarmament." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 25, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 535–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02504003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract After reviewing recent literature on international organizations’ autonomy and cooperation, this article explores the unprecedented partnership between the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons—implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention—and the UN Secretariat during the 2013–2014 chemical weapons disarmament in Syria. The article explores how this collaboration, embodied on the ground through the creation of a Joint Mission, evolved from hesitant, bureaucratic rivalry to an increasingly intense relationship in the aftermath of a large-scale attack near Damascus in August 2013. The research is based on wide-ranging interviews with senior OPCW and UN staff, and relevant state officials. The article shows how international shocks, high-level support from key Member States, and leadership at the Secretariat level produced requisite intra- and interorganizational consensus to mitigate turf wars. Relative autonomy of mission staff and bureaucratic flexibility further allowed skilled boundary spanners to build trust and increase the mission’s leeway, allowing it to navigate complex political challenges.