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Статті в журналах з теми "Mismatch losses"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 травня 2024

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1

Lorente, Daniel Gómez, Simone Pedrazzi, Gabriele Zini, Alberto Dalla Rosa, and Paolo Tartarini. "Mismatch losses in PV power plants." Solar Energy 100 (February 2014): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.11.026.

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2

Lappalainen, Kari, and Seppo Valkealahti. "Photovoltaic mismatch losses caused by moving clouds." Solar Energy 158 (December 2017): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.10.001.

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3

Chamberlin, Charles E., Peter Lehman, James Zoellick, and Gian Pauletto. "Effects of mismatch losses in photovoltaic arrays." Solar Energy 54, no. 3 (March 1995): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(94)00120-3.

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4

Budría, Santiago, and Ana Moro-Egido. "OVERQUALIFICATION, SKILL MISMATCHES AND WAGES IN PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 20, no. 3 (April 9, 2014): 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2014.883341.

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This paper uses a sample of private sector male workers from the European Community Household Panel to examine the wage effects of educational mismatches across segments of the earnings distribution in 12 countries. We consider two types of mismatch, overqualification and skills mismatches. By differentiating between quantiles, we discriminate between groups of workers with different unobservable earnings conditions. We find that the detrimental effects of skill mismatches on wages are larger than those of overqualification in most segments of the earnings distribution. Moreover, we find that the pay penalty of educational mismatch tends to be higher among workers with higher unconditional wages. This finding suggests that the mismatch phenomenon entails wage losses over and above those attributable to unobservable earnings determinants, including ability and skills possessed by workers.

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5

Zheng, Jiaming, Yi Du, Dachuan Chen, Wucheng Ying, Hui Zhao, Kefu Liu, and Jian Qiu. "Resonant Gate Drive Circuit with Active Clamping to Increase Efficiency and Reliability." World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj15020074.

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In power converters with high switching frequency, drive losses constitute a significant portion of the overall power losses. Resonant gate drivers can reduce drive losses, thereby enhancing the efficiency. However, resonant drivers suffer certain challenges: parameter drifts lead to the mismatch between the resonant frequency and the control frequency, and this mismatch can cause gate-to-source voltage overshoot. Moreover, the resonant driver is susceptible to external interference. This paper proposes a resonant circuit structure and control timing scheme aimed at overcoming these limitations. By incorporating a half-bridge clamp circuit, the proposed design achieves voltage clamping, thereby insulating the system from disturbances caused by mains power fluctuations. When there is a mismatch in resonant frequencies, the strategy employs a combination of hardware circuit diodes and control system timing to prevent overvoltage issues. Additionally, the utilization of MOSFETs minimizes the loss caused by prolonged current flow through body diodes, further reducing the resonant driving losses. Simulations have demonstrated the system’s stability under varying resonant parameters and its effective anti-interference capabilities in voltage clamping. Experiments achieved a power saving of 83.3% at a 1 MHz operating frequency. Both simulations and experimental validations confirm the feasibility of the proposed solution, its effectiveness in interference suppression, handling of resonant mismatches, and its role in further augmenting power conservation.

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6

Fiurasek, JaromIR, and Jan Perina. "Raman and Brillouin couplers with losses and phase mismatch." Journal of Modern Optics 46, no. 8 (July 1, 1999): 1255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349908231334.

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7

ZILLES, R., and E. LORENZO. "AN ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR MISMATCH LOSSES IN PV ARRAYS." International Journal of Solar Energy 13, no. 2 (January 1992): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425919208909779.

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8

Picault, D., B. Raison, S. Bacha, J. de la Casa, and J. Aguilera. "Forecasting photovoltaic array power production subject to mismatch losses." Solar Energy 84, no. 7 (July 2010): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.04.009.

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9

Shan, Chuan, Kangwen Sun, Dongji Cheng, Xinzhe Ji, Jian Gao, and Tong Zou. "A Novel Reverse Combination Configuration to Reduce Mismatch Loss for Stratospheric Airship Photovoltaic Arrays." Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2024): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020747.

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Enhancing the output power of stratospheric airship photovoltaic arrays during months with weak irradiance is crucial for extending the endurance of airships. Models for predicting the output power of photovoltaic arrays and the phenomenon of mismatch losses have been proposed. However, static reconstruction schemes to reduce or eliminate mismatch losses have not been studied. In this paper, an output power model for stratospheric airship arrays including the solar radiation and irradiance distribution is established. The characteristics of the irradiance distribution for the photovoltaic array (PV) are investigated through simulation. Furthermore, an innovative reverse combination configuration is developed and compared to the SP and TCT configurations in terms of performance, mismatch loss and fill factor. Finally, simulations are conducted for a full-day irradiance period of 4 days in a real wind field. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RC configuration significantly reduces mismatch losses and output power fluctuations, thereby enhancing the PV array’s output power. This research provides interesting insights for the design of PV array topologies for stratospheric airships.

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10

Shin, Hyun Song. "Overcoming ‘original sin’ to secure policy space." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 39, no. 2 (April 10, 2023): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grad018.

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Abstract More than two decades after the emerging market crises of the 1990s, foreign investors are now active investors in emerging-market local-currency-denominated sovereign bonds. In this sense, emerging market governments have overcome ‘Original Sin’—the dictum that emerging market borrowers cannot borrow from foreigners in their own currency. However, although the borrowers no longer bear the risk of currency mismatches, the mismatch has migrated to the lenders’ balance sheet in the sense that investors evaluate gains and losses in terms of dollars or other major currencies. This paper examines the associated risks and potential remedies to financial stability risks stemming from this migration of currency mismatch from the borrower to the lender.

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11

Tejaswini, K. Naga, and G. Kesava Rao. "Consensus Based Economic Dispatch including System Power Losses." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.11545.

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Economic dispatch (ED) is an important class of optimization problem in Power System Operation. As both conventional and heuristic methods to solve EDP are centrally controlled, which may leads to some performance limitations, a Consensus based distributed algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve Economic Dispatch with inclusion of losses. Earlier, some papers dealt with the consensus based methods to solve Economic dispatch, but here in this paper the losses are included and the variation of losses at each iteration are also used to update the mismatch, which has some major prominence in the present day Power system environment. In this paper, the mismatch between load demand and total power generation is collectively learnt by the each generator, unlike the centralized approach, through the strongly connected communication network. MATLAB results in IEEE 6-bus system validate the potency and efficacy of the proposed technique

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12

Qi, Jun, Jing Wang, and Xiao Li Liang. "Analysis of Optimal Configuration of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Array under Moving Partial Shade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.198.

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Influenced by partial shade, there are power losses induced by irradiation reduction, photovoltaic (PV) modules mismatch and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) failure. In order to raise power generation efficiency of building integrated PV (BIPV) power station, typical series-parallel PV array controlled with centralized MPPT is taken into consideration. Simulation model is constructed to describe the output characteristic of PV array under complex partial shade conditions. Due to bypass/blocking diodes, there are multiple peaks on P-V characteristic curve under partial shade. Potential power losses under partial shade are analyzed and divided into three parts respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that there are considerable power losses induced by PV module mismatch under determined tangible partial shade lasting for long time. Optimal configuration of BIPV array are brought forward to minimize PV module mismatch power loss for moving shade conditions, and it is also suitable to large desert or hillside PV power stations.

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13

Potnuru, Srinivasa Rao, Dinesh Pattabiraman, Saravana Ilango Ganesan, and Nagamani Chilakapati. "Positioning of PV panels for reduction in line losses and mismatch losses in PV array." Renewable Energy 78 (June 2015): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.055.

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14

Qian, Wei, Huan Liu, and Fanghui Pan. "Digital Economy, Industry Heterogeneity, and Service Industry Resource Allocation." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 8020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138020.

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Based on the traditional framework of resource mismatch theory analysis and existing literature studies, this paper constructs a model of resource mismatch efficiency loss including the digitalization factor of the service industry, measures the resource mismatch of China’s service industry and its sub-sectors, and empirically analyzes the impact of digital economy development on resource mismatch of service industry using panel data of each sub-sector of China’s service industry from 2001 to 2020. The findings reveal that: (1) Resource mismatch exists in China’s service industry, and the degree of mismatch of capital is more serious than that of labor. (2) Traditional service industries with low digitalization have serious efficiency losses, while emerging service industries with high digitalization have almost no efficiency losses. (3) The increase in the development of the digital economy can significantly improve the resource mismatch in the service industry; appropriate government intervention can improve the capital mismatch but not the labor mismatch; the increase in the proportion of state-owned enterprises is conducive to improving the labor mismatch but not the capital mismatch. Meanwhile, the results of the industry heterogeneity test show that the increase in the digital economy can improve the resource mismatch of both emerging and traditional service industries, but the improvement is more obvious for emerging service industries. Therefore, in the context of the development of the digital economy, we make the following suggestions. The government intervenes appropriately in the capital market, develops emerging service industries, and formulates different digital transformation policies for different industries. Relevant enterprises increase their efforts in technology research and development, and actively explore the direction of digital transformation of service industries. The government and enterprises work together to promote the improvement of China’s economic development level.

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15

Smith, Ryan M., Manjunath Matam, and Hubert Seigneur. "Mismatch losses in a PV system due to shortened strings." Energy Conversion and Management 250 (December 2021): 114891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114891.

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16

Mahmoud, Yousef, and Ehab F. El-Saadany. "Enhanced Reconfiguration Method for Reducing Mismatch Losses in PV Systems." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7, no. 6 (November 2017): 1746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2017.2752708.

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17

KAUSHIKA, N., and A. RAI. "An investigation of mismatch losses in solar photovoltaic cell networks." Energy 32, no. 5 (May 2007): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.06.017.

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18

Saha, H., G. Bhattacharya, and D. Mukherjee. "Mismatch losses in series combinations of silicon solar cell modules." Solar Cells 25, no. 2 (November 1988): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(88)90018-x.

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19

Lee, Z.-Hye, Allyson R. Alfonso, John T. Stranix, Lavinia Anzai, David A. Daar, Daniel J. Ceradini, Jamie P. Levine, Pierre B. Saadeh, and Vishal Thanik. "Vein Size Mismatch Increases Flap Failure in Lower Extremity Trauma Free Flap Reconstruction." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 35, no. 08 (May 8, 2019): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688718.

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Abstract Background Venous outflow problems are the most common reasons for perioperative flap complications. Size mismatch in venous anastomoses poses a theoretical problem by promoting turbulent flow and subsequent thrombus formation. The purpose of this study was to determine if increased vein size mismatch is predictive of flap failure. Methods Retrospective review of our institutional flap registry from 1979 to 2016 identified 410 free flaps performed for reconstruction of lower extremity trauma. Patient demographics, flap characteristics, and flap outcomes were examined. Venous size mismatch was defined as a difference in size ≥ 1 mm between the recipient vein and flap vein. Results Vein size mismatch ≥ 1mm was present in 17.1% (n = 70) of patients. The majority of anastomoses were end-to-end (n = 379, 92.4%), and end-to-side anastomoses were preferentially used in the presence of vein size mismatch (p < 0.001). Major complications occurred in 119 (29%) flaps, with 35 (8.5%) partial flap losses and 34 (8.3%) total flap losses. Looking specifically at flaps with end-to-end venous anastomoses, venous size mismatch was associated with increased total flap failure (p = 0.031) and takeback for vascular compromise (p = 0.030). Recipient vein size relative to flap vein size (larger or smaller) had no effect on flap outcomes. Multivariable regression analysis controlling for age, sex, flap type, number of veins, recipient vein size, flap vein size, venous coupler use, and vein size mismatch demonstrated that flaps with ≥ 1 mm vein mismatch were predictive of total flap failure (p = 0.045; odds ratio: 2.58). Conclusion Flaps with vein size mismatch ≥ 1 mm demonstrated increased flap complication rates in the setting of end-to-end venous anastomoses. End-to-side anastomosis was preferentially used in vein size mismatch and carried a higher risk of flap failure. Our results support using veins of similar size for anastomosis whenever feasible to protect against flap complications.

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20

Goetz, Eva M. "AURES Holdings a.s. (C-405/18) at the Intersection of Cross-Border Loss Relief, Corporate Exit Taxation and Dual Residency Mismatches." Intertax 49, Issue 2 (February 1, 2021): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2021015.

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This contribution examines the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) of 27 February 2020 in Case C-405/18 AURES Holdings a.s. on the application of the Marks & Spencer final losses doctrine to dual resident companies that transfer their treaty residence (place of effective management) to another Member State. The CJEU applied a two-step comparability analysis based on Timac Agro and Bevola to exclude current not-subject-to-tax emigration losses (not linked to the ability-to-pay of the immigrated company) from its preferred approach to always take final losses into account somewhere in the internal market. The immigration state was not forced to apply its taxing powers asymmetrically over emigration losses to prevent a conflict with the principle of fiscal territoriality in exit tax cases and international tax practice against base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). If the immigration state still sovereignly decides to take these losses into account pursuant to a bilateral tax treaty, Article 9(b) of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) on dual residency mismatches prevents dual loss utilization. ATAD, Aures, Bevola, comparability, conversion, exit tax, hybrid mismatch, final losses, POEM, Timac Agro.

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21

Niazi, Kamran Ali Khan, Yongheng Yang, Tamas Kerekes, and Dezso Sera. "A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082308.

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Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%).

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22

Dhass, A. D., N. Beemkumar, S. Harikrishnan, and Hafiz Muhammad Ali. "A Review on Factors Influencing the Mismatch Losses in Solar Photovoltaic System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (February 14, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2986004.

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In the last two decades, it is persistently emphasized to develop energy generation systems free from greenhouse gas emissions since these gases cause global warming, and it leads to unpredictable monsoons. Consequently, it might not be a conducive environment for human beings and animals to dwell. To ascertain the green environment for the next generations and reduce the use of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are highly suggested to generate electrical energy. Solar photovoltaic is reckoned to be one of the promising methods to generate electricity; however, it has a lower conversion value due to various losses resulting from external and internal parameters. Among various losses that occurred in the solar photovoltaic system, mismatch loss is imperative, which causes the system to perform poorly. Solar photovoltaic systems have made topical advances in the use of highly effective solar cell materials to achieve high efficiency. In this analysis, performance parameters are influenced by the internal and external conditions of the solar photovoltaic systems and they lead to an increase in the loss of the system. The present review is focused to fetch fruitful information on the several studies that analyzed the effects on the solar photovoltaic systems of parasitic resistances, dust generated by tresses, clouds, solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, different connection topologies, circuit implementation for partial shading, and remedies suggested by the potential authors.

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23

Somasundaran, P., M. Shilpi, and R. Gupta. "Evaluation of Mismatch Losses due to Shunts in industrial Silicon Photovoltaic Modules." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 67 (May 2017): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/67/1/012013.

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24

Srinivasan, A., S. Devakirubakaran, and B. Meenakshi Sundaram. "Mitigation of mismatch losses in solar PV system – Two-step reconfiguration approach." Solar Energy 206 (August 2020): 640–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.004.

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25

Wang, Zuo, Nanrun Zhou, Lihua Gong, and Minlin Jiang. "Quantitative estimation of mismatch losses in photovoltaic arrays under partial shading conditions." Optik 203 (February 2020): 163950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163950.

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26

Weniger, Johannes, Tjarko Tjaden, Joseph Bergner, and Volker Quaschning. "Dynamic mismatch losses of grid-connected PV-battery systems in residential buildings." Journal of Energy Storage 13 (October 2017): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.07.011.

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27

Saeed, Faisal, Haider Ali Tauqeer, Hasan Erteza Gelani, Muhammad Hassan Yousuf, and Asad Idrees. "Numerical modeling, simulation and evaluation of conventional and hybrid photovoltaic modules interconnection configurations under partial shading conditions." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022004.

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Partial shading on solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays is a prevalent problem in photovoltaic systems that impair the performance of PV modules and is responsible for reduced power output as compared to that in standard irradiance conditions thereby resulting in the appearance of multiple maximas on panel output power characteristics. These maxims contribute to mismatch power losses among PV modules. The mismatch losses depend on shading characteristics together with different interconnected configuration schemes of PV modules. The research presents a comparative analysis of partial shading effects on a 4 × 4 PV array system connected in series (S), parallel (P), serries-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), central-cross-tied (CCT), bridge-linked (BL), bridge-linked total cross-tied (BLTCT), honey-comb (HC), honey-comb total-cross-tied (HCTCT) and ladder (LD) configurations using MATLAB/Simulink. The PV module SPR-X20-250-BLK was used for modeling and simulation analysis. Each module is comprised of 72 number of PV cells and a combination of 16 PV modules was employed for the contextual analysis. Accurate mathematical modeling for the HCTCT configuration under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is provided for the first time and is verified from the simulation. The different configuration schemes were investigated under short-narrow, short-wide, long-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, entire row distribution, and entire column distribution partial shading condition patterns with mathematical implementation and simulation of passing clouds. The performance of array configurations is compared in terms of maximum power generated (Pmp), mismatch power loss (ΔPml), relative power loss (Prl) and the fill factor (FF). It was inferred that on average, TCT configuration yielded maximum power generation under all shading patterns among all PV modules interconnection configurations with minimum mismatch power losses followed by hybrid and conventional PV array configurations respectively.

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28

Di Tella, Sebastian, and Pablo Kurlat. "Why Are Banks Exposed to Monetary Policy?" American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 295–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180379.

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We propose a model of banks’ exposure to movements in interest rates and their role in the transmission of monetary shocks. Since bank deposits provide liquidity, higher interest rates allow banks to earn larger spreads on deposits. Therefore, if risk aversion is higher than one, banks’ optimal dynamic hedging strategy is to take losses when interest rates rise. This risk exposure can be achieved by a traditional maturity-mismatched balance sheet and amplifies the effects of monetary shocks on the cost of liquidity. The model can match the level, time pattern, and cross-sectional pattern of banks’ maturity mismatch. (JEL E43, E44, E51, E52, G21, G32)

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29

Savieliev, Artem. "Ways and methods of improving the effciency of overhead power line." Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2021.02.018.

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At this article, existing methods and ways to increase the efficiency of electricity transmission in over-head power lines were analyzed. The role and place of electric energy in the general structure of energy consu-mption, methods of its transportation, types of losses that occur during transportation of electric energy and ways to reduce these losses were considered. On the basis of literature sources the structure of losses in transmission lines was investigated. A literature review indicates that a certain type of losses has been overlooked, that is, losses occurring due to the mismatch of the load with the line. The ways of achieving and possibilities of maintaining the operation of lines in a matched load mode were analyzed. New method of reducing losses by creating a matched load mode in power lines is proposed.

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30

Rakesh, Namani, S. Senthil Kumar, and G. Madhusudanan. "Mitigation of power mismatch losses and wiring line losses of partially shaded solar PV array using improvised magic technique." IET Renewable Power Generation 13, no. 9 (May 15, 2019): 1522–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5927.

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31

Mahamout Mahamat, B., Allassem D., O. B. Arafat, and B. Sauviac. "MISMATCH STUDY OF META-LINE STRUCTURES RELATED TO DISPERSIVE PROPERTIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15521.

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The study focuses on coplanar metamaterial lines and resonators and the possibility to increase their performances. To achieve our goal, we studied these structures accesses for a better adaptation. This study allowed us to optimize the accesses of meta-lines components. We thus obtain a possibility of cells which it is necessary to decrease the losses in meta-lines structures.

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32

Anishin, M. M., and G. A. Zhbankov. "CALCULATION OF POLARIZATION LOSSES FOR HF COMMUNICATION CHANNEL (PART 2)." RADIO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, no. 50 (September 30, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33286/2075-8693-2021-50-17-28.

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The article is devoted to the description of the procedure for calculating the loss for polarization mismatch in the receiving antenna. The results of a computational experiment of these losses are presented as a function of the operating frequency, azimuth of the receiving antenna, its geographic position and the elevation angle of the rays at the reception center. Based on the results of the calculation, conclusions are drawn about the dependence of losses on various parameters, and practical recommendations are given on the location and polarization of receiving antennas.

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33

Arefinia, Zahra. "Modelling of Intrinsic Loss Processes in the Intermediate Band Solar Cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 74, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2018-0316.

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AbstractFor the first time, the formalism of intrinsic loss processes such as below-band gap, thermalisation, angle mismatch, Carnot and emission loss in the intermediate band solar cells (SCs) is obtained by a theoretical framework based on the principle of detailed balance approach, and with the physical origins of losses discussed in terms of photon absorption and emission in the presence of intermediate energy band (IB). Then, the effect of IB position on each intrinsic loss in the intermediate band SCs is investigated. The results show that the introduction of IB reduces the below-band gap loss due to absorption of low energy photons by narrower sub-band gap and reduces the thermalisation loss due to absorption of high energy photons by the band gap of host semiconductor. Furthermore, the thermalisation and angle mismatch losses are dominant fractions of intrinsic loss, while the emission loss presents less than 2.2 % of intrinsic loss.

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34

Shirzadi, Samad, H. Hizam, and Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab. "Mismatch losses minimization in photovoltaic arrays by arranging modules applying a genetic algorithm." Solar Energy 108 (October 2014): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.08.005.

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35

Ahn, Hee-Wook, and Gi-Yob Park. "Compensation of PV Module Current for Reduction of Mismatch Losses in PV Systems." Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 32, no. 3 (June 30, 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7836/kses.2012.32.3.026.

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36

Shams El-Dein, M. Z., Mehrdad Kazerani, and M. M. A. Salama. "An Optimal Total Cross Tied Interconnection for Reducing Mismatch Losses in Photovoltaic Arrays." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tste.2012.2202325.

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37

Leghari, Zohaib Hussain, Mohammad Yusri Hassan, Dalila Mat Said, Laveet Kumar, Mahesh Kumar, Quynh T. Tran, and Eleonora Riva Sanseverino. "Effective Utilization of Distributed Power Sources under Power Mismatch Conditions in Islanded Distribution Networks." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062659.

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The integration of distributed generation (DG) into a power distribution network allows the establishment of a microgrid (MG) system when the main grid experiences a malfunction or is undergoing maintenance. In this case, the power-generating capacity of distributed generators may be less than the load demand. This study presents a strategy for the effective utilization of deployed active and reactive power sources under power mismatch conditions in the islanded distribution networks. Initially, the DGs’ and capacitors’ optimal placement and capacity were identified using the Jaya algorithm (JA) with the aim to reduce power losses in the grid-connected mode. Later, the DG and capacitor combination’s optimal power factor was determined to withstand the islanded distribution network’s highest possible power demand in the event of a power mismatch. To assess the optimal value of the DG–capacitor pair’s operating power factor (pfsource) for the islanded operation, an analytical approach has been proposed that determines the best trade-off between power losses and the under-utilization of accessible generation. The test results on 33-bus and 69-bus IEEE distribution networks demonstrate that holding the islanded network’s load power factor (pfload) equal to pfsource during the power imbalance conditions allows the installed distributed sources to effectively operate at full capacity. As expected, the proposed strategy will assist the utility companies in designing efficient energy management or load shedding schemes to effectively cope with the power mismatch conditions.

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38

Pannientakandi, Somasundaran, Rajesh Gupta, and Shilpi Manjoli. "Effect of Local Shunting on the Electrical Mismatch Losses in Industrial Silicon Photovoltaic Modules." International Journal of Power and Energy Research 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22606/ijper.2018.21001.

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39

Benachenhou, N. "Allelic losses and DNA methylation at DNA mismatch repair loci in sporadic colorectal cancer." Carcinogenesis 19, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/19.11.1925.

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40

Iannone, F., G. Noviello, and A. Sarno. "Monte Carlo techniques to analyse the electrical mismatch losses in large-scale photovoltaic generators." Solar Energy 62, no. 2 (February 1998): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(97)00085-6.

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41

Hussain, M. N. M., Ahmad Maliki Omar, Intan Rahayu Ibrahim, and Kamarulazhar Daud. "A dsPIC Microcontroller Based System Identification of Positive Output Buck Boost Converter for Module Mismatch Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.106.

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An identification system of multiple-input single-output (MISO) model is developed in controlling dsPIC microcontroller of positive output buck-boost (POBB) converters for module mismatch condition of photovoltaic (PV) system. In particular, the possibility of the scheme is to resolve the mismatch losses from the PV module either during shading or mismatch module occurrences. The MPPT algorithm is simplified by identification approach of indirect incorporated with a simple incremental direct method to form a combined direct and indirect (CoDId) algorithms. Irregular consumption of solar irradiation on a PV module shall step-up or step down the voltage regarding to the desired DC output voltage of POBB converter. This optimized algorithm will ensure that the PV module to kept at maximum power point (MPP), preventing power loss during module mismatch incident in PV module especially during partial shading condition. The simulation and laboratory results for PV module of polycrystalline Mitsubishi PV-AE125MF5N indicate that the proposed model and development of PV system architecture performs well, while the efficiency up to 97.7% at critical of low solar irradiance level. The controlling signal is based on low-cost embedded microcontroller of dsPIC30F Digital Signal Control (DSC).

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42

Niazi, Kamran Ali Khan, Yongheng Yang, Mashood Nasir, and Dezso Sera. "Evaluation of Interconnection Configuration Schemes for PV Modules with Switched-Inductor Converters under Partial Shading Conditions." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2019): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142802.

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Partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) arrays reduces the overall output power and causes multiple maximas on the output power characteristics. Due to the introduction of multiple maximas, mismatch power losses become apparent among multiple PV modules. These mismatch power losses are not only a function of shading characteristics, but also depend on the placement and interconnection patterns of the shaded modules within the array. This research work is aimed to assess the performance of 4 × 4 PV array under different shading conditions. The desired objective is to attain the maximum output power from PV modules at different possible shading patterns by using power electronic-based differential power processing (DPP) techniques. Various PV array interconnection configurations, including the series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), bridge-linked (BL), and center-cross-tied (CCT) are considered under the designed shading patterns. A comparative performance analysis is carried out by analyzing the output power from the DPP-based architecture and the traditional Schottky diode-based architecture. Simulation results show the gain in the output power by using the DPP-based architecture in comparison to the traditional bypassing diode method.

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43

Nahidan, Mohamad Hossien, Mehdi Niroomand, and Behzad Mirzaeian Dehkordi. "Power Enhancement under Partial Shading Condition Using a Two-Step Optimal PV Array Reconfiguration." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8811149.

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Under partial shading conditions, photovoltaic (PV) arrays are subjected to different irradiance levels caused by nonuniform shading. As a result, a mismatch between the modules, a reduction in the power generated, and the hotspot phenomenon will be observed. One method to reduce mismatch losses is to reconfigure the total-cross-tied (TCT) array in dynamic and static forms, where improved performance can be achieved through more efficient shading distribution thanks to increased dimensions. However, the increase in dimensions leads to the complexity of wiring and installation in static reconfiguration and the large number of switches and sensors required in dynamic reconfiguration. To rectify these problems, a two-step method is proposed in this paper. In the first step, the modules inside the PV array are divided into subarrays with wiring in static reconfiguration, rather than being wired as large-scale PV arrays. In the second step, an algorithm is developed for dynamic reconfiguration. The introduced algorithm searches for all possible connections and finally identifies the most optimal solution. As an advantage, this algorithm employs only the short-circuit current values of the subarray rows, which reduces the number of switches and sensors required in comparison to dynamic reconfiguration. Under 8 different partial shading patterns, simulations are conducted and results confirm that the proposed method outperforms the TCT array and statically modified TCT array in terms of power and mismatch losses. Among these, the highest power improvement is obtained with regard to the TCT array and statically modified TCT array under the fourth and eighth shading patterns, respectively.

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44

BALARAJU, V., and Ch Chengaiah. "Modeling and Performance Investigations of Partially Shaded Solar PV Arrays with Cell Partition Technique based Modules." Trends in Renewable Energy 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.1.00134.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules consist of solar cells connected in series to provide the required output power. The solar PV system is experiencing major challenges, which are mainly due to the partial shadows on the photovoltaic modules leading to mismatching power loss and hot spot problems. Hotspots have become a major cause of PV module failure. The Cell Partition Technique (CPT) is proposed to reduce hotspots and minimize mismatch losses caused by partial shadings. Specifically, each solar PV cell (Full cell) in a solar PV module is divided or partitioned into two half cells (known as Half-Cut Cells or HC) and three equal cells (known as Tri-Cut Cells or TC) in accordance with the proposed technique. The HC and TC types of cells are connected in a strings of series-parallel connection, and bypass diode is placed in middle of the solar PV module to ensure proper operation. The primary aim of this research is to model, evaluate, and investigate the performance of solar PV arrays using new PV modules are developed based on Cell Partition Technique (PVM-CPT), such as half-cut cell modules (HCM), and tri-cut cell modules (TCM) and compared with full-sized cell modules (FCM). These PVM-CPT are connected in Series–Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), and proposed static shade dispersion based TCT reconfiguration (SD-TCTR) for the array sizes of 3x4, 4x3 and 4x4, respectively. The purpose is to select the most appropriate solar PV array configurations in terms of the highest global maximum power and thus the lowest mismatch power losses under short and narrow, short and wide, long and narrow, long and wide type of cell level partial shadings. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to simulate and analyze all of the shading cases. The results show that, when compared to conventional module configurations under different shading conditions, the proposed static SD-TCTR arrangement with TC modules (SDTCTR-TCM) exhibits the lowest mismatch power losses and the greatest improvement in array power.

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45

Forcan, Miodrag. "Prediction of annual energy production from PV string under mismatch condition due to long-term degradation." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 31, no. 1 (2018): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1801063f.

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Reduction of long-term degradation effects represents a long-time challenge in photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing industry. Modelling of long-term degradation types and their impact on maximum power of PV systems have been analysed in this article. Brief guidelines for PV cell-based modelling of PV systems have been illustrated. Special study case, PV string consisting of 12 PV modules, has been modelled in order to determine degradation and mismatch power losses. Modified methodology for prediction of annual energy production from PV string, based on horizontal irradiation and ambient temperature experimental measurements at the location of Belgrade, has been developed. Coefficient named ?degradation factor? has been introduced to include and validate degradation power losses. Economic considerations have indicated evident money income reduction, as a consequence of lower annual energy production related to long-term degradation.

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46

Paul, Prajit, Soumendu Kumar Ghosh, and Krishnendu Ghosh. "Analysis of Mismatch Losses Arising from Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon PV Panels: An Indian Experience." International Journal of Sustainable Energy Development 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/ijsed.2046.3707.2012.0001.

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47

Lappalainen, Kari, and Seppo Valkealahti. "Effects of irradiance transition characteristics on the mismatch losses of different electrical PV array configurations." IET Renewable Power Generation 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2017): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0590.

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48

Evans, Rhett, Matthew Boreland, and Martin A. Green. "A holistic review of mismatch loss: From manufacturing decision making to losses in fielded arrays." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 174 (January 2018): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.08.041.

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49

Goryashin, Nikolay N., Andrey V. Karpenko, and Alexander S. Sidorov. "Influence of the Current Mismatch in Triple-Junction Solar Cells on Power Losses in S3R." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 4, no. 2 (March 2014): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2013.2293055.

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50

Peña, Rafael, and Carlos Algora. "Evaluation of mismatch and non-uniform illumination losses in monolithically series-connected GaAs photovoltaic converters." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 11, no. 2 (November 22, 2002): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.469.

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