Дисертації з теми "Miscanthus x giganthus"
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Amougou, Norbert. "Importance des litières de Miscanthus × giganteus (feuilles sénescentes, racines et rhizomes) : impact de leur décomposition sur la minéralisation de C et N dans un sol." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS007/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo control emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, NO), fossil fuels scarcity and their rising prices lead to consider the substitution of fossil C by the "renewable" C from plant biomass. This alternative strategy must be sustainable. In particular the massive export of plant biomass depriving soil of plant residues (eg cereal straws), and the growing of new crops specially perennial crops (eg miscanthus)questioned the cultural practices (dates and frequency of biomass export) essential for maintaining soil fertility and good management of biogeochemical cycles. Miscanthus × giganteus, a rhizomatous perennial grass is dedicated to second-generation fuels production, because of its high potential biomass production.In this context the main objective of this work was to quantify and characterize Miscanthus plant litter recycled to soil, more precisely senescent leaves, roots and rhizomes of Miscanthus, and to study the C and N mineralization during decomposition of these litters. This work was performed on 3 to 5 years old Miscanthus stands established since 2006 in Northern France (Estrées Mons), either fertilized with120 kg N ha−1 year−1 or unfertilized. The sampling of litters was performed in autumn (maximal biomass production) and winter (maturity). Firstly we quantified and biochemically characterized Miscanthus senescent leaves, rhizomes and roots. Then we studied their decomposition in soil under controlled conditions (15°C, -80 kPa) during 263 days. We also investigated in the field for two years the dynamics of leaf fall during senescence, their accumulation in the form of mulch on soil surface and the kinetics of decomposition. Finally we investigated under controlled conditions the effects of nitrogen availability on C and N dynamics, microbial dynamics and enzymatic functions during the decomposition of these leaves. N availability was modulated either by adding inorganic nitrogen, or by adding increasing amounts of leaves for a given amount of nitrogen in soil.Our results showed that the C stored in the three "compartments" recycled to soil is potentially considerable: senescent leaves (1 to 3 t C ha-1 year), roots (1 to 2 t C ha-1) and rhizomes (7 to 10 t C ha-1). The rhizomes had a high NDS soluble content (25 to 35%), a high N content (0.7 to 1.5%) and low lignin content (11 to 15%) depending on early or late harvest dates. we observed after 263 days of decomposition at 15°C a higher carbon mineralization from rhizomes 61 ± 8%, than that observed for roots (36 ± 8%) and senescent leaves (53 ± 4%). We also showed the importance of senescent leavesin the recycling of organic matter in the soil: the early harvest scenario deprives the soil of an annual leaves of 1-3 t C ha-1. Qualitatively, the low degradability observed in the laboratory experiment for the leaves was confirmed in the field. This leads to the formation of an important thick layer of mulch(2 to 4cm) and quantitatively (6-7 t C ha-1). Finally, a high N availability increases the C mineralization rate in the short term which was reflected by an increase in microbial C, fungal ergosterol, and enzymatic activities related to C and N degradation of (xylanase, leucine aminopeptidase). However, this high N availability suppresses laccase activity. We also showed that decreasing N availability for decomposers by adding increasing amounts of leaves in the soil leads toslow microbial and fungal growth. However, this situation favors an early installation of fungal biomass (increased ergosterol / microbial C ratio) and their activity (laccase).This work showed that the cultivation of Miscanthus potentially allows a large accumulation of organic C which is favorable to the maintenance of soil fertility in the long term. It is now essential to predict the fate of underground C parts of Miscanthus, in the perspective of change in land use, i.e.when the Miscanthus stands is to be replaced in field by another crop
El, Hage Roland. "Prétraitement du miscanthus x giganteus : vers une valorisation optimale de la biomasse lignocellulosique." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10063/document.
Повний текст джерелаMiscanthus x giganteus (MxG) is, because of its composition, a source of renewable lignocellulosic material that can be of great interest for the production of high added value molecules. MxG used in this work comes from the agricultural high school of Courcelles-Chaussy, Metz-France. Its high content of hemicelluloses (26 %), lignin (26 %) and cellulose (36 %) makes it a good source of polymers and renewable fuel. In the present study we have characterized the straw of MxG and optimized the process of delignification in a single step (1) by an ethanol organosolv treatment and in a two steps (2) including an autohydrolysis pretreatment with water / organosolv. The ethanol organosolv process permits a good separation of the three constituents of our biomass (lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses). The two steps treatment process, involving an autohydrolysis with water (in the presence or absence of 2-naphthol) before the pretreatment organosolv has facilitated the later stage of delignification in destructurizing the lignin. An investigation of the physico-chemical properties was performed on the structure of the milled wood lignin and organosolv lignin of MxG extracted with different treatment severities. A way of valorization for the organosolv lignin has been proposed by their incorporation in the formulation of an adhesive for wood in which a non volatile and low toxic aldehyde (glyoxal) is used instead of formaldehyde. A formulation consisting in 100 % of natural resins (60 % tannins of mimosa and 40 % of glyoxalated lignin) was used for the production of particle board and gave promising results with internal bond strength of 0.41 MPa, higher than the value of the current European standard. Finally, a study was conducted on the antioxidant properties of organosolv lignin extracted at different severities. The results have shown a correlation between the antioxidant activity and the operating conditions of treatment organosolv, the average molecular weight, the polydispersity index and the phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin
Wanat, Nastasia. "Etude de l’adaptation de Miscanthus x giganteus pour la revalorisation d’un ancien site minier fortement contaminé : Potential adaptation of Miscanthus x giganteus for the phytoremediation of a former mine site highly contaminated." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO4053.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of alternative energies as fuel and the protection of arable soils as resource for food crop are of major concern in the current context of deficiency of fertile soils. Thus, the main aim of this thesis was to study the potential adaptation of the bioenergetic plant Miscanthus x giganteus on soils highly contaminated by metals and metalloids, and unsuitable for food crops. The experimental site is a former mine located in Limousin (France) where gold treatment induced heavily contaminated tailings, in the sixties. The vegetation cover is nowadays developing. The culture clearly highlighted adaptation capacities of the plant with a low transfer of potentially toxic elements even though soils were acidic, exceptionally contaminated (till 83000 mg As. Kg-1, 15000 mg Pb. Kg-1 and 1100 mg Sb. Kg-1) and with low agronomic performances. Moreover, bioavailability represented only 1 to 5% of total concentrations according to the used reactant which corresponded to very high amounts, given values of total concentrations. These findings are directly link to the mineralogy of the site. M. X giganteus responded to metallic stress with a strong reduction of biomass yield, a slight disturbance of net photosynthesis rate and a reduction of stomatal conductance and substomatal CO2 concentration. Furthermore, the plant modified the potential activity of rhizospheric ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea involved in nitrification. As expected, the more the contamination was high the more M. X giganteus response was marked. Despite a clear reduced As, Sb and Pb transfer to aerial parts, values of measured concentrations could not allow an industrial revalorization. However, this plant could stabilize the soil. Agronomic improvements of the soil might enhance yields for an industrial revalorization
Mitchell, Jackson Lee Bean. "Cool Temperature Effects on Productivity and Photosynthesis of Two Biomass Fuel Species: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19246.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Wechtler, Laura. "Amélioration de la phytoremédiation par Miscanthus x giganteus d’un technosol contaminé construit à partir de sédiments : co-culture avec Trifolium repens L. et bioaugmentation avec des microorganismes endémiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0221.
Повний текст джерелаEvery year, 50 million cubic meters of sediments are excavated in France. Among them, some are contaminated and solutions must be found to valorize them. In this study, excavated sediments were mixed with the host-site soil, both contaminated with trace metals and PAHs, in order to create a technosol, then treated by phytoremediation with Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG). The objective was to improve the rhizodégradation of PAHs and the phytostabilisation of trace metals as well as to improve the quality of the technosol to increase the productivity of MxG with the aim of valorizing its biomass. Thus, two experiments were carried out. The first associated MxG in co-culture with white clover, and the second combined phytoremediation with a mono- and a co-culture of MxG with bioaugmentation by the endemic hydrocarbonoclast microorganisms of the technosol. According to the results obtained, co-culturing of MxG and white clover appears to be the most note-worthy technique to improve the phytoremediation of PAHs and trace metals and the quality of the technosol compared to phytoremediation assisted by bioaugmentation. In addition, planting white clover for co-culturing is more cost-effective, faster and easier to implement than bioaugmentation. These results will have to be confirmed in situ and other plant species could also be tested in association with MxG in order to combine rhizodegradation with phytoextraction
Smith, Rachel. "Agronomy of the energy crops Miscanthus x giganteus, Arundo donax and Phalaris arundinacea in Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54496/.
Повний текст джерелаHopgood, Michael. "Induced phytoextraction of metal contaminated soil by Miscanthus x giganteus and Pelargonium graveolans 'Lemon Fancy'." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428867.
Повний текст джерелаMira, Francisco Infante Fialho Caeiro. "Análise descritiva e modelação do crescimento e desenvolvimento do Miscanthus x giganteus no ano de instalação." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3992.
Повний текст джерелаA key strategy in tackling the issue of greenhouse gas emissions is associated with the replacement of fossil energies by renewable ones. This is why, in this context, the recent interest in using biomass as an energy source is increasing, mainly as biofuels - fuels originating from energy crops. The essay here presented is therefore central in this subject area, contributing to the study of an energy crop with high potential in our country, the Miscanthus x giganteus. The main goals of this dissertation include a propagation study of the species, the analysis of the crops growth in Portugal in the year of installation through a field experiment, and the development of a growth and crop productivity model in the year of crop installation. With regard to vegetative propagation Miscanthus x giganteus showed the best results when rhizomes with four internodes were used (larger fragments). In the growth analysis for the year of installation Miscanthus x giganteus showed a fast and effective establishment, reaching a productivity of 13.8 t ha-1. By modeling the culture‟s growth behavior it was possible to obtain a successful development and total biomass productivity model, wich showed reasonable results in several areas of the country with different agro-ecological conditions
Wanat, Nastasia. "Etude de l'adaptation de Miscanthus x giganteus pour la revalorisation d'un ancien site minier fortement contaminé." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809037.
Повний текст джерелаBanda, Agripina. "Thermophilic mixed culture degradation of Miscanthus x giganteus as a guide to strategies for consolidated bioprocessing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23796.
Повний текст джерелаMichel, Rudy. "Gazéification catalytique du Miscanthus X giganteus et vaporeformage d'un composé modèle : production de gaz de synthèse." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ044S/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study presents the gasification of Miscanthus X giganteus (MXG). The MXG presents many advantage (high yield, perennial crop, easily harvesting…) so it’s a good candidate in terms of renewable energy sources. Several works have been carried out in the agricultural field, but this study is the first dealing with gasification in order to produce a syngas. The first part of this work concerns the study of gasification in fluidized bed reactor with olivine-based catalysts. The results obtained in different tests gave a good gas yield (CO + H2) comparable to others biomass. The catalyst characterisation by XRD and SEM is related to the properties of olivine (mechanical strength, recycling), while Ni-olivine gave much better results. Tar analysis by FTIR and GC/MS showed the presence of mainly PAH at high temperature (>800°C).The second part of this study deals with the steam reforming of methylnaphthalene which is representative of the tar composition issued from the MXG gasification. The steam reforming performed with the same catalysts as in the case of gasification. In addition to the main reaction, this study allowed us high lights the existence of secondary reaction such as the water gas shift reaction. Moreover these tests confirmed the high efficiency of Ni-olivine for tar removing. An overall mechanism was proposed with the important role of catalytic oxygen issued from water decomposition
Snelick, Taylor L. "Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Miscanthus x giganteus, Panicum virgatum, and Other Habitat Types in Southeastern Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524848603112531.
Повний текст джерелаMazziotti, Mélanie. "Impact des exsudats racinaires de Miscanthus x giganteus sur les microorganismes impliqués dans la bioremédiation d’un sol contaminé au benzo(a)anthracène." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0046/document.
Повний текст джерелаIndustrial activities result of a large number of contaminated sites and soils in France. Among the pollutants found, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and especially those of high molecular weight, are a real environmental and public health problem because of their toxicity and persistence in soils. Biological remediation techniques which stimulate microbial degradation of PAHs using plants (phyto/rhizoremediation), nutrients (biostimulation), or microorganisms (bioaugmentation), appear as interesting strategies because they are more environmental friendly and less expensive than physico-chemical methods. In this context, the ability of the plant Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) to improve benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) dissipation, a high molecular weight PAH few studied in remediation, was assessed with a multidisciplinary approach through two types of experimentations using an artificially contaminated soil. The first one was to analyze the rhizospheric influence of the plant (phyto/rhizoremediation) over a period of 12 months. Results showed that the presence of MxG led to a 3-fold reduction in BaA concentration in soil at the end of exposure thanks to an increase in pollutant bioavailability, and a positive effect on microbial communities due to a modification of their diversity and an increase in their 16S rRNA and PAH-RHDα GP genes density. In order to improve the understanding of this phenomenon, a second experiment was carried out for 105 days to study specifically the influence of certain molecules exuded in the plant’s root system (biostimulation), and specific microorganisms associated with its rhizosphere having the capacity to degrade BaA (bioaugmentation). These tests demonstrated the complexity of rhizospheric mechanisms, and the necessity to explore this type of analysis to improve the understanding of biodegradation processes in plant rhizosphere. All these results showed that MxG was an ideal candidate for phyto/rhizoremediation of soils contaminated with high molecular weight PAH, but that further studies were still needed to understand processes involved in its rhizosphere
Técher, Didier. "Réhabilitation de sols pollués par des HAP grâce aux bactéries associées à la rhizosphère de Miscanthus X giganteus." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ047S/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to investigate the potential of Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) for PAH polluted soils remediation and fly ash revegetation. In vitro studies through microplate assays demonstrated the contribution of MxG root exudates and particularly of quercetin (following the identification of root secondary metabolites) to the selective biostimulation of PAH-degrading bacteria. To get insights into bioremediation processes and rhizosphere effects on soil quality, microcosm experiments were conducted at a laboratory scale, using artificially reconstituted soils and collected industrial soils. On the one hand, significant dissipations of four-ring PAH were noticed in the rhizosphere of contaminated soils. On the other hand, significant organic carbon and nitrite inputs could be measured in fly ash, indicating a “restart” of nitrogen cycle and suggesting an enhancement of fly ash weathering processes in the long term. Besides, the development of a soil nucleic acid extraction and purification method permitted to study the evolution of bacterial community diversity in all types of soils, based on PCR-TTGE of eubacterial 16S rDNA. Specific enrichments of bacterial phylotypes could be reported in rhizoplanes, confirming root-associated processes on the selection of soil bacterial communities. Finally, plant adaptation to the broad range of studied substrates in situ lead us to suggest that MxG cultivation could be an effective strategy for a new system of sustainable agricultural activities in wasteland soils
Loïc, Strullu. "Flux d'azote dans une culture pérenne à vocation énergétique, Miscanthus x giganteus: étude expérimentale et éléments de modélisation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563352.
Повний текст джерелаCarver, Paul Adrian. "The effect of microclimate upon the growth, photosynthesis and productivity of 'Miscanthus x' giganteus at contrasting planting densities." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323092.
Повний текст джерелаDelgado, Dillman. "Effects of Fertilizer from Hydrochar Septage on Growth and Physiological Responses of Miscanthus x giganteus and Spinacea oleracea." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597670411514447.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Souki Karim Suhail. "Interactions Sol-Plante dans un contexte de phytomanagement de sols pollués par des métaux : application à Miscanthus x giganteus." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10041/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the vicinity of the former lead smelter Metaleurop Nord, Miscanthus x giganteus been shown to accumulate little lead and cadmium in its aerial organs. Pot experiments were led to assess the plant ability to ameliorate the functionality of metal contaminated soils, study the long-term impacts of massive leaf debris on the soil-plant system and determine the contaminants impacts on miscanthus health in the first and second cultivation years. Five soils were sampled at different distances from the foundry. The furthest is located 75 km away. Three miscanthus cultivars were used. Results confirmed the plant tolerance to metals. They showed positive effects of culture on the soil biological activities. Favorable trend was noted for organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity. The foliar debris incorporation in soil led to favorable evolution of certain physicochemical and biological parameters. Over a period of three to six months after the debris addition, no effect was observed on the extractability, phytoavailability of Cd and Pb, and health of a model culture, ryegrass. Moreover, the stress biomarkers results obtained during the first harvest demonstrated the existence of oxidative stress in miscanthus grown on soil with more than 500 mg Pb kg-1. At the end of the second year, oxidative stress was markedly more present and appeared on plants obtained on soil with more than 200 mg Pb kg-1. This is explained by constraints resulting from the experimental conditions (cultivation in containers emphasizes the interactions between the metallic elements and the root system). Lastly, no significant difference was observed between the cultivars studied
Rodjom, Abbey M. "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of Soil in a Miscanthus x giganteus Crop Grown for Cellulosic Bioenergy on Abandoned Agricultural Land." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524837572902621.
Повний текст джерелаTobin, Erik, and Linnéa Tjernström. "Potential for cultivation of Miscanthus x Giganteus for biofuel production in different climate zones : with a changing climate and limited water resources." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139099.
Повний текст джерелаMiscanthus Giganteus är ett snabbväxande perennt gräs med C4-fotosyntes samt en lovande kandidat som resurs i tillverkandet av andra generationens biobränslen. Denna studie syftar till att bestämma den långsiktiga hållbarheten av odling av denna växt i olika klimatzoner ur ett vattenbalansperspektiv. CoupModel, en datamodell som simulerar systemet “jord-planta-atmosfär”, används för att simulera M. Giganteus och dess tillväxt över en 30-årsperiod för fyra platser i Europa vilka alla representerar en klimatzon. Ett framtida klimatscenario som bygger på historisk klimatdata tillsammans med projektioner för framtida månatliga förändringar i temperatur och nederbörd, framtaget av HadCM3 för IPCC:s utsläppsscenario A2, tas sedan fram och används för att göra ytterligare en simulering för varje plats. Plantans tillväxt, skörd och vattenbalans för varje simulation analyseras och jämförs. De högsta skördarna och högst vattenanvändningseffektivitet uppnås i de varmaste klimaten, men de mest hållbara zonerna för odling av M. Giganteus när vattenbalansen tas hänsyn till är zonerna med mest nederbörd. Dfb-zonen, med fuktigt inlandsklimat, och Cfa-zonen med fuktigt subtropiskt klimat bedöms vara långsiktigt hållbara för odling av M. Giganteus.
Adjuik, Toby A. "Effects of Hydrochar, Digestate, Synthetic Fertilizer on Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Miscanthus x giganteus Grown as Advanced Biofuel Feedstock." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1557220009015982.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez, Chois Claudia. "Réhabilitation des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques grâce aux bactéries du sol associées à la rhizosphère de Miscanthus x giganteus." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0323/document.
Повний текст джерелаSoil is a nonrenewable resource to maintain because of its socio-economic and environmental importance. However, (bio)industrial activities can degrade soil and cause the appearance of persistent pollution brownfields. The ability of Miscanthus x giganteus to adapt to brownfield soils polluted with heavy metals (HM), while promoting the consolidation process of bioremediation of polluants, without causing a negative impact on the environment, is studied. Soils from Lorraine region (France), very affected by past industrial activity, are used. Considering the complexity of soil-plant-microorganisms relationships, various complementary assessment tools (i.e. in vitro,mesocosm and field) are used to determine the response of each component and their interactions, and thus deduce the sustainability of the method. The culture of M. x giganteus has great potential for rehabilitation of brownfield soils having a multimetallic pollution or mixed (+PAH) with a double benefit: phytostabilisation of HM at the root level and the production of biomass reclaimable (limited transfer of HM). The plant does not alter the characteristics of the soil involved in the mobility of HM (pH, CEC) ; but changes from those related to soil fertility, toxicity (liquid fraction) and the accumulation of HM by other organisms attest to the interaction of the plant with the elements that would make them more available. Plant's activity is causing associations with soil bacteria, for which the phylopes potentially métalloresistants (Zn, Cr) seem common in soils used
Chang, Hsiaochi. "Assessing Gene Flow in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus spp.:Implications for Bioenergy Crops." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437570556.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Laura. "Modéliser l'insertion territoriale du Miscanthus x giganteus à partir des décisions des agriculteurs : une approche exploitant le modèle du raisonnement à partir de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0225/document.
Повний текст джерелаMiscanthus x giganteus is the perennial crop, newly produced in Europe. Even if miscanthus is not so heavily produced nowadays, this crop would be of great interest for energy use. However, the allocation of miscanthus could produce a sustainable reorganization of the landscape. Therefore, many studies aim to model the land use change caused by miscanthus, in order to identify sustainable supply areas: our research belongs to this field. In our research, we propose a new framework for modeling decision-making process of farmers, relying on scaling out. More accurately, we propose to use the case-based reasoning model which solves problems based on an analogical reasoning. Then our research is structured: (i) by a knowledge acquisition step about decision-making process of farmers, based on farm surveys, conducted in the Côte d'Or department (Burgundy region) and (ii) by the design and evaluation of an ad hoc prototype of case-based reasoning. On the one hand, results of knowledge acquisition phase show that miscanthus allocation process is complex, more accurately, that miscanthus allocation process is closely related to land constraints, particularly in terms of logistic and environmental preservation of plots. These results lead us to discuss the selection of biophysical and human variables included to the current spatially explicit models. On the other hand, the design and evaluation phase of our prototype shows that case-based reasoning is particularly well suited to model a contextual phenomenon. These results lead us to discuss the modalities for implementing the prototype in other production areas of miscanthus
Lesur, Claire. "Cultiver Miscanthus x giganteus en parcelles agricoles : du diagnostic agro-environnemental à la conception-évaluation ex ante de systèmes de culture à vocation énergétique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0084/document.
Повний текст джерелаSecond-generation biofuels could provide renewable energy while reducing the globaleconomy dependence on oil and mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gasemission balances, as well as their energy and environmental balances, are discussed,especially when they are produced from agricultural feedstock. The use of agriculturalfeedstock for energy purposes also raises the issue of competition with food production. Inthis context, this work contributes to the assessment of the sustainability of Miscanthus xgiganteus, a perennial C4 crop candidate to the production of second-generation ethanol. Theobjectives of this work are (i) to achieve a multicriteria evaluation of cropping systems basedon M. Giganteus using data collected in farmers’ fields and (ii) to compare these croppingsystems with cropping systems including other resources Agricultural candidates for biofuelproduction. The main contributions of this work are (i) the study of the variability of yieldsand winter nitrate losses in a network of commercial fields located in Burgundy (France), (ii)the characterization by modeling of M. giganteus long-term yield evolution and (iii) theintegration of these findings in a process of cropping systems design and assessment aimingat comparing M. giganteus with other feedstock candidate to the production of bioethanol.The study of M. giganteus in farmers’ fields shows that the high variability of yields andnitrate losses is linked to (i) crop age, (ii) soil type and (iii) the type of field (i.e. culturalhistory, size, shape, and environment). Contrasting yield scenarios, built by combining datacollected in commercial fields with a long-term yield evolution model, show that thesensitivity of assessment results regarding yields depends on the assessment field. Theinsertion of M. giganteus in a cropping system can significantly improve the greenhouse gasemission balance as well as the environmental balance, compared with a cropping systembased on a short cropping sequence. Economic results depend strongly on M. giganteus yield.Other agricultural feedstocks are also interesting, especially on soils where the yield potentialof M. giganteus is low: this is particularly the case of alfalfa stems, which can be used forsecond-generation ethanol production
Clapham, S. Jennifer. "The abundance and diversity of small mammals and birds in mature crops of the perennial grasses Miscanthus x giganteus and Phalaris arundinacea grown for biomass energy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15629/.
Повний текст джерелаBeale, C. V. "Analysis of the radiation-, nutrient- and water-use efficiencies of the potential energy crops Miscanthus x giganteous and Spartina cynosuroides, grown under field conditions in S.E.England." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361035.
Повний текст джерелаHechelski, Marie. "Intérêt des amendements phosphatés sur des sols fortement contaminés par les éléments métalliques en vue d’élaborer à partir de biomasses végétales des catalyseurs hétérogènes supportés utilisables en synthèse organique." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R016.
Повний текст джерелаMany metal-contaminated soils result from human and industrial activities. To manage these soils, the phytomanagement has attracted scientists and managers of contaminated sites. While using plant engineering, this technique produces biomass that should be valued. Based on this approach, the present work describes this technic by using plant biomass (ryegrass and miscanthus) in combination with phosphocalcic amendments. These biomass, described as non-hyper-accumulators, were produced on garden soils and agricultural soils. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, mesocosm and in situ near the former Metaleurop Nord smelter. The sustainable use of phosphocalcic compounds did not significantly affect the physicochemical and biological characteristics of soils. In contrast, some physiological parameters of plants were improved. In addition, the phosphocalcic compounds decreased the extractability and phytavailability of Cd and Pb in some cases while promoting the mobility and the transfer of other metallic elements from the soil to the aerial parts of the biomass studied. Metal-enriched biomass were transformed into ecocatalysts. After being characterized, these ecocatalysts were used in organic synthesis and their recyclability was demonstrated. Three examples have been detailed in the current thesis report. In view of using other biomass, metal concentrations in ruderal plants were determined
Wanat, Nastasia [Verfasser], Jean Charles [Akademischer Betreuer] Munch, C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwartz, V. [Akademischer Betreuer] Geoffroy, Emmanuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Joussein, Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Pichon, Laurent [Akademischer Betreuer] Caner, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schloter, and Adnan [Akademischer Betreuer] Hitmi. "Potential adaptation of Miscanthus x giganteus for the phytoremediation of a former mine site highly contaminated / Nastasia Wanat. Gutachter: C. Schwartz ; V. Geoffroy ; Emmanuel Joussein ; Martin Pichon ; Jean Charles Munch ; Laurent Caner ; Michael Schloter ; Adnan Hitmi. Betreuer: Jean Charles Munch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1031075097/34.
Повний текст джерелаJanus, Adeline. "Intérêt d’un amendement organo-minéral pour remédier des sols de friches industrielles multicontaminés en milieu urbain." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10175/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, soil contamination by the organic and inorganic pollutants represent a major issue. Gentle remediation options, comprising plants and microorganisms, and linked with the use of amendments or not, are implemented to manage these soils. Among the different amendments, the biochar is presented in the literature as being able to meet these expectations. This study aims at evaluating the impacts of pyrolysis parameters on the characteristics of eight biochars derived from Miscanthus x giganteus, grown on metal contaminated soils, and selecting the one which may be the most efficient to remediate metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) and/or PAHs contaminated soils. A strong influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics was detected. Moreover, biochars showed strong sorption capacity for the three metals and PAHs in aqueous solution, especially for those produced at 600°C. Experiments realized with an artificial soil, and an agricultural soil, both artificially contaminated, demonstrated the efficiency of some biochars to decrease the environmental availability, bioavailability and oral bioaccessibility of the metals and PAHs. Based on the results, one biochar was selected as being the most efficient to manage the contaminated soils. In view of the structural modifications of biochars in soils, these results should be validated in situ on long term basis, while ensuring the harmless effects of the studied biochar and integrating the socio-economic aspects
Miguez, Fernando E. "Miscanthus x giganteus production : meta-analysis, field study and mathematical modeling /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3301195.
Повний текст джерелаSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0745. Adviser: German Bollero. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-181) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
Heaton, Emily A. "The comparative agronomic potential of Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum as energy crops in Illinois /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3242866.
Повний текст джерелаSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6119. Adviser: Stephen P. Long. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-99). Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
Quinn, Ryan Kelly. "Quantifying and comparing belowground carbon pools and fluxes of two bioenergy crop species: Miscanthus x giganteus and Sorghum bicolor." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42635.
Повний текст джерелаDohleman, Frank G. "Seasonal dynamics of productivity and photosynthesis of three biofuel feedstocks : field comparisons of Miscanthus x giganteus, Panicum virgatum and Zea mays /." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3362771.
Повний текст джерелаSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3353. Adviser: Stephen P. Long. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-116) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.