Дисертації з теми "Minorités linguistiques – Bretagne (France)"
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Broudic, Fañch. "L'interdiction du breton en 1902 : la IIIe République contre les langues régionales /." Spézet : Coop Breizh, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36164734t.
Повний текст джерелаCasacuberta, Montserrat. "L' enseignement aux adultes du breton en Bretagne et du catalan en Roussillon : profils et représentations." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30051.
Повний текст джерелаThis research addresses the teaching of minoritised languages to adults. Taking the current situation of this type of teaching, it compares some sociolinguistic aspects of the Breton of Brittany (Région Bretagne, France) and the Catalan of Roussillon (département Pyrénées-Orientales, France), the original languages of these regions, which are currently in an advanced phase of language shift. This is a sociolinguistic on-site study which on the one hand compares the profiles of adult Breton and Catalan students, and on the other presents some of the organisational and pedagogical characteristics of the way these two languages are currently taught to adults. This on-site observation suggests there are signs to indicate that Breton and Catalan are currently deploying new survival strategies in the societies where they originated. The survival strategies we refer to are focused on local linguistic policies that have been taking shape from the 1990’s onwards. They are policies which are funded by municipal, district or regional institutions. The teaching of adults forms part of the linguistic instruments subsidised by these institutions and is made possible by a network of civic bodies that organise it and disseminate it throughout these regions. For this network it represents an instrument of high symbolic importance and the consequence of its promotion is a certain public social presence of the Breton and Catalan languages
Blanchard, Jean-François. "Pratiques langagières et processus dialogiques d’identification sur les réseaux socionumériques : le cas de la langue bretonne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20020/document.
Повний текст джерелаInternet and social digital networks (SDN) are, for the Breton language, a recent setting for social practices inwhich forms of recontextualization of a minority language in a post‐diglossic situation occur. The purpose ofthis thesis is to describe the transformations using a dialogical model of identity development. Such model focuses on a three‐dimensional analysis that encompassing the institutionalization forms of a language in a society, social representations of a language and social practices resulting in expressions of belonging. This dialogical process model, whose design is grounded in scholar works in the social history field, is first instantiated from a sociolinguistic perspective to describe SDN glottopolitical intervention characteristics in the post‐diglossia context. This conceptual model is then applied to in analysis of extended forms of sociability enabled, facilitated and structured by SDN both in a media and public communication context. Finally, the model allows the juxtaposition of the sociopolitical analysis of the Breton claim and the sociopolitical theory of public space on the three dimensions on which SDN have an effect: construction of social problems such as institutionalization, symbolic construction of territorial identity and citizenship as a social practice and way ofbelonging. Liberal glottopolitical interventions developed around SDN create forms institution of language based on both the market force and the autonomy capacity of social actors to build a regional territory
Chantreau, Katell. "Transmettre une langue minoritaire autochtone à ses enfants : le cas du breton." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20018.
Повний текст джерелаStarting from the parents’ point of view, this thesis in educational sciences studies the family transmission of Breton, in a context of linguistic revitalization that follows the almost total rupture of the intergenerational transmission in the 1950s. A field survey of Breton-speaking parents aged between 23 and 48 in 2018 forms the basis of this research and has made it possible to collect a large amount of quantitative and qualitative data from 50 semi-structured interviews and two questionnaires (450 respondents for one and 306 for the other). It highlights the diversity of family strategies for transmitting the Breton language, in terms of parent-child communication and the environment, ranging from strong, very proactive transmission practices to weak or non-existent transmission practices. It also highlights their dynamic nature, often in the sense of a weakening of transmission as the child grows up. The analysis of parents’ linguistic choices reveals the influence of many factors relating to the environment (family, school, work), the context of the interaction (spouse, child, presence of a third party) and the parent speaker himself or herself (language socialisation, gender, feeling of competence), which combine to form a unique configuration that may or may not allow for language transmission. The transmitting parents report on the educational, personal, family, cultural and political issues involved. The thesis concludes with a series of recommendations for a potential future language policy in favour of the family transmission of Breton
Le, Pipec Erwan. "Etude pluridimensionnelle d’un parler : description, émergence et aspects sociolinguistiques du breton de Malguénac." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335105/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is an attempt to gain a large-scale understanding of a rural community dialect, in this case, the Breton dialect of Malguénac. In order to establish it, the study begins with a description of the phonological system. This description ignores certain well-known aspects which have previously been studied in detail, instead paying attention to both the vocalic system (by far the most original trait), and the accentual system, which had been quite ignored until now by Celtic language scholars in this area. After the most relevant characteristics have been brought out, this study focuses on putting this language back into a context in which it makes sense. This is done according to three axes: space, time and society. From the spatial point of view, Malguénac Breton is thus given a place on the Breton language network as a whole, especially regarding stress and word-patterns. Following on from other observations, it can be presented as transitional haut-vannetais. On the scale of time, the social and demographic evolution of the local population throughout the XIXth and XXth centuries is presented, so as to isolate the linguistic consequences of the mutations taking place in that period. Cohesion is the most striking phenomenon inside Malguénac society: on one hand, from neighbouring communities, which allows a local linguistic norm to be maintained, but also strengthening it as the community opens to newcomers. On the other hand, cohesion also distinguishes the Breton-speaking community from the French-speaking urban world. On this point however, opposition would not last. The sociolinguistic approach deals with this question. After revealing how the language is used in social interactions through the analysis of variation and adjustment strategies by certain speakers, the dynamic relationship that exists between Breton and French is examined. Reporting the collapse in the use of Breton, it is assumed that the contact between the two languages should not be considered as diglossia, but rather as a linguistic conflict
Le, Corre-Huteau Suzanne. "Communication, interactions et incidence des réalités éducatives, sociales et linguistiques : pour une théorie des langues minoritaires et majoritaires à l'école : les cas de la région Bretagne et de la communauté autonome Basque." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC048.
Повний текст джерелаThis matter focuses on the comparative analyses between several sociolinguistic phenomena within two different geographical, historical and political areas (Brittany and Basque autonomous community). This analysis is founded on an accurate and scientific study of various parameters : minority and / or majority language – educational situation (methods of teaching, immersion, transmission) – societal and political situation (influence of society and State upon the school) – the communication or the importance of the human factor (relations, adaptations). Our analysis proposes a set of theory based on two essential vectors : the archisystem and the archistructure ; a theory which collects moving, non static or uniform elements and which therefore recognizes that certain manoeuvre margins are narrow or that certain situations are fixed. However our theory allows, either to establish a consensus by a reasoned mutualisation of the means, or to draw aside factors of tensions, by pulling up the need of a peaceful conjunction of principes
Costecalde, Pierre. "Les télévisions celtiques (TG4, S4C, BBC ALBA, FRANCE 3 Bretagne, Brezhoweb) : de l’espace des lieux à l’espace des flux : territorialisation et déterritorialisation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe television channels broadcasting in a Celtic language (TG4, Ireland), S4C (Wales), BBC ALBA (Scotland), FRANCE 3 Bretagne’s programmes in Breton and BREZHOWEB (France/Bretagne) rest on languages whose linguistic demographics is worrying. These languages are supported by laws and strategies and by the European Charter on Regional and Minority Languages. In a bilingual environment, they depend on favourable public opinions and on language education. Their expression and promotion is boosted by the Celtic television channels. Faced with a very strong competition in a hyper-fragmented mediascape, they are centers of resistance against globalization, located .in the “space of places” (Manuel Castells), broadcasting for “imagined” language communities (Benedict Anderson). Their dependence on financial flows (Arjun Appadurai) creates a permanent tension between economy and media. The financial and economic crisis has triggered a reduction or a stagnation of these channels’ budgets, resulting in social and economic difficulties for them and their independent producers. Most of the channels are now deterritorializing some of their programmes through internet. They increase their audience rates among their diasporas and the public at large by resorting to optional subtitles andadapting international formats such as soap operas or sitcoms. Part and parcel of convergence, these channels are available on numerous digital platforms. Therefore, their future will depend on a post-Brexit agreement, on the implementation of the European Digital Single Market, but above all on the younger generation’s approach towards learning Celtic languages and their use on the many audio-visual digital platforms
Diaz, Anne. "« Gallos » et « Bretons » : représentations de l'Autre et mobilisation de la frontière linguistique dans les processus de construction identitaire : une approche anthropologique de la limite entre Haute et Basse-Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20029/document.
Повний текст джерелаBrittany is divided by a language boundary that has historically separated Lower Brittany, where the Celtic language of Breton is spoken, from Upper Brittany, where people speak the Romance language of Gallo. In the border zone, this linguistic difference is used in support of stereotypical representations of the Other and his/her language. Although the boundary has long been instable, although exchanges have always taken place, and although family histories frequently mix people originating on either side, discourses have long invoked two groups constituted as hermetic: “Bretons” and “Gallos.” By creating a readily visible axis of alterity, the linguistic boundary permits people on either side to differentiate themselves from their neighbors and, simultaneously, to identify with their own group. Analyses of these representations reveal a marked asymmetry, clearly in favor of Lower Bretons and the Breton language, while Upper Bretons and Gallo are often ignored, or even made objects of open disdain. This asymmetry corresponds to an overvaluation of Lower Brittany in discourses about Breton identity, which frequently leaves Upper Brittany elided. At present, these longstanding representations continue to influence practices, Gallo being the object of less social mobilization and its speakers receiving less assistance in reversing language shift. The border is the source of tensions at the heart of Brittany’s language revitalization movement, whether one considers it to be obsolete or uses it to gain respect for a territory or to claim language rights
Violo, Gaëlle. "Héritage, patrimonialisation, revitalisation ? : approche ethnologique des transmissions de la langue bretonne en Bretagne (France) éclairées par celles de la langue française en Saskatchewan (Canada), dans les filiations." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059795.
Повний текст джерелаSaoudi, Messaoud. "La police et les minorités : étude comparative France-Angleterre." Lyon 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1998/msaoudi.
Повний текст джерелаScheidhauer, Christophe. "La convergence européenne des politiques de promotion de l'enseignement des langues régionales, fruit de la quête d'héroi͏̈sme des promoteur." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0009.
Повний текст джерелаLeconte, Fabienne. "Ils parlent en Black : pratiques et attitudes langagières Black : pratiques et attitudes langagières des enfants originaires d'Afrique Noire." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL250.
Повний текст джерелаThey speak in "Black". This study presents the sociolinguistic situation of children originating from Africa in France. Based on a study involving 350 children ageing from 9 to 15, the author analyses their linguistic practices inside as welle a outside the family. Particular attention has been given to factors influencing the transmission of African languages in France : social, cultural, and factors related to the migration history and the sociolinguistic situation in the countries of origin. The roles of the communication situation, age and gender has also been taken in consideration. Furthermore, the author examines children attitudes towards their African language(s) and French. Moreover, the very important symbolic function of the African language is not incompatible with an eventual linguistic insecurity and the integration of sociolinguistic minorisation, whose target are the linguistic practices of migrant africans. Finally, using semi-directive interviews, the author examines the correlation beetween linguistic insecurity integration of the minorisation and construction of additive or substractive bilinguality
Colonna, Romain. "Transformations diglossiques : l'exemple corse." Corte, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CORT0018.
Повний текст джерелаCourard, Séverine. "Discours épilinguistique et représentations sociolinguistiques du cauchois : le cas des étudiants inscrits au concours de Professeur des écoles en juin 2002." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20066.
Повний текст джерелаTRABELSI, SAIDA. "Langues minoritaires territoriales : le role de la population bilingue dans la dissemination de la parole minoritaire. enquetes aupres de la population gaelisante de glasgow en ecosse et de la population basquisante du pays basque nord." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39058.
Повний текст джерелаArnaud, Lionel. "L'idéologie sportive au service des politiques d'intégration des minorités ethniques de Lyon et de Birmingham : analyse d'une ressource politique efficace." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10019.
Повний текст джерелаPuren, Laurent. "L'école française face à l'enfant alloglotte : contribution à une étude des politiques linguistiques éducatives mises en oeuvre à l'égard des minorités linguistiques scolarisées dans le système éducatif français du XIXe siècle à nos jours." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030077.
Повний текст джерелаThis research in language didactics deals with the evolution of educational language policies which have been implemented since the 19th century in French public primary schools towards regional and immigrant language speaking pupils belonging to linguistic minorities. We mean to examine closely, from a comparative viewpoint, how three different school populations have been frenchified : the Bretons in the 19th century, the inhabitants of german speaking Alsace and Lorraine regions in the 19th century and during the interwar years, as well as the immigrant communities from the early 20th century until nowadays. Our research is at the junction of several fields in social sciences, including history, education sciences, language didactics, sociolinguistics, interethnic relations sociology, and politics. Through this academic work we wish to bring a contribution to : - a history of regional and immigrant language teaching in French primary schools ; - a history of French as a second language teaching in metropolitan France ; - a reflection on the importance that should be given to cultural differences in public space ; - a reflection on the incidence of political and ideological factors on educational language policies implemented towards minorities
Le, Rouzic Suzanne. "Matériaux ethnographiques et linguistiques pour la connaissance d'une population rurale de Basse-Bretagne : les riverains des forêts domaniales de Camors-Floranges-Lanvaux (Morbihan) et leur rapport à l'espace boisé." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES1005.
Повний текст джерелаMy ethnologic research focuses on the observation and the analysis of microsocieties which have in common that they live near the domanial forests of Camors-Floranges-Lanvaux (Morbihan), situated between Vannes and Lorient. They cover approximately 1700 ha. My thesis deals with two subjects. It points out some specific features of the culture of these residents, in a past that dates back to 1918 : know-how in forest’ s works, forest’ s uses, symbolic and imaginative activities. . . Then it analyses in the same geographic area the current modalities of the relation to that environment: from the forest, resource that is administrated by the ONF (national forest management), to the forest that is “reinvented” by the local populations. Memory and patrimony contribute to the identity construction and give signification and legitimacy to the place of live. It’s the ethnography of a living patrimony that changes considerably, included the language patrimony
Van, Den Avenne Cécile. "Langues, discours, identités : Maliens de langue bambara à Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10075.
Повний текст джерелаRhazal, Soumia. "Le français parlé par des immigrés marocains à Rennes : analyse sociolinguistique du contact des langues." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theserhazal.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is about the bilingual ways arabic/french through conversations by several morrocain immigrates in Rennes. We try through this thesis to describe code switching as a communicative way in a situation of linguistic contact. Our work attempts to reply to a few questions such as : “What determines the choice of our informers to which way of conversation ? ”, “ What are the characteristics through code switching Arabic/French bilinguals in Rennes ? “, “Do these people have so different experiences to others with the subject of language contact ?”
Bertile, Véronique. "Langues régionales ou minoritaires et Constitution : France, Espagne et Italie." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40010.
Повний текст джерелаChauffin, Fanny. "Diwan, pédagogie et créativité : approche critique des relations entre pédagogie, créativité et revitalisation de la langue bretonne dans les écoles associatives immersives Diwan." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20013/document.
Повний текст джерелаDiwan immersive schools are thirty-eight years old. On the one hand, they have contributed to the revitalisation of the Breton language and on the other hand, served as a catalyst for cultural and artistic development in Breton. While previous studies analyse the precipitous decline in the number of speakers and the extreme fragility of the future of the language, thisthesis shows how the creativity of people associated with Diwan has overcome ideological and financial difficulties, and reaches through music , theatre and dance, a much wider audience than Breton-speakers alone.What sort of Breton is spoken at Diwan ? Who are these students who represent 1% of the Breton school population, and what are their artistic practices ? Who are the artists and teachers and what has been the evolution since the pioneers of the late 70s ? Creativity developed by teachers, volunteers, parents and students is all very well, but will it be sufficient to ensure a future for the language ? Drawing on studies by sociolinguists and Psycholinguists on numerous studies in Britain in the classroom and in extra-curricular field, but also in the Basque immersion schools Seaska , and european minority immersive schools too , the author shows that Diwan is a fragile "creativity machine" , which can not continue without a critical look at itself, a structured research, but also without more support from Breton society
Rota, Gironell Maria Lluisä. "Pràctiques i polítiques lingüístiques de les instituciones euroregionals de l'Euroregió Catalunya, Llenguadoc-Rosselló, Migdia-Pirineus." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0745.
Повний текст джерелаThe investigation and evaluation of the institutional linguistic practices and policies conducted by the Catalonia/Languedoc-Roussillon/Midi-Pyrenees Euroregion is conducted in two stages, each of which corresponds to a series of documents and to a specific methodology. In the first, the administrative and political structures of Europe and the Euroregions is examined with respect to their incidence upon collective representations and language practices and policies. The C/L-R/M-P Euroregion is then studied in detail, involving both the historical and political framework of the regions which compose it and the acts, conventions, meetings, debates and discussion, etc. , which have marked its history from the 1980s until 2004, when a new definition of the Euroregion was instituted. The study is based upon published institutional documents and draws on less easily available, often informal data obtained personally. The particular method which has informed this research has made it possible to envisage an alternative way of apprehending the sociolinguistic reality involved and to better understand the attitudes to languages adopted by the leading personalities of the Euroregion. The second part of the study is based upon a corpus of 32 interviews. The automatic analysis of this corpus was conducted using Wordsmith Tools. The results of the automatic analysis of the corpus were compared with those of the initial analysis, and made it possible to draw clearer conclusions concerning the incidence of representations and personal and/or institutional interrelations upon the general problematic of minority languages within the Euroregion
Voisin, Agathe. "Ethnicité et cultures juvéniles dans les quartiers populaires : une comparaison France-Angleterre." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0022.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses the impact of national models (British multiculuralism vs French model of integration) on ethnic salience in youth cultures of working class and immigrant neighbourhoods. It is based on an ethnographic research study carried out between 2007 and 2012, through individual interviews, focus groups and observations among teenagers and young adults in the city of Bondy in Seine-Saint-Denis and the London Borough of Newham, in East London. It shows how both the specifics of national models and of local contexts produce a social, local and fragmented ethnic salience in Newham, and a political and collective one in Bondy. In Bondy, ethnicity overlaps other dimensions of social inequality. The common experience of belonging to a minority results in young people identifying with a close and multidimensional "us" ("blacks and arabs", "youth from the suburbs", "poor people") as opposed to a distant "them" ("institutions", "politicians", "French people"). The central experience of ethnic discriminations tends to saturate young people's relationship to institutions and the way they relate to French society. In Newham, Black, White and Asian young people socialise in their respective groups and meeting places. However, they perceive ethnic divisions as separate to other dimensions of social inequality. Ethnicity is not often politicised or the subject of conflict with local authorities, as it is considered just a part of a larger experience of social injustice. Instead, social class issues are at the core of conflicts between the people interviewed and the wider British society
Laffont, Julie. "Représentations de la diversité dans les séries télévisées : analyse comparative France – Grande-Bretagne." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines representations of diversity and collective identities in French and British television series. The issues of identity construction, national and media imaginary, as also the various imaginary of interbreeding - or melting pot - and Arab-Muslim communities in the European public space, particularly hold attention. The pluridisciplinarity, related to our approach, benefit from the paradigmatic and methodological wealth of Information and Communication Sciences, as well as all of Media Studies. We thus take into account production contexts (professional, technical, legal, aesthetic and socio-political) but also reception uses and practices. However, it is the content analysis (at figurative, narrative and thematic levels) that is central to this study. We primarily rely on the study of fictional character and a stereotypes typology. We refer also to imaginary theories, reception studies and narrative semiotics. Our assumption is that the British and French national imaginary, one of multiculturalist tradition, the other governed by the ideal of Republican universalism, influence collective imaginary and identity construction, among the different communities of citizens. The media imaginary, as transmitters and arenas, for speeches and public opinions, participate of this phenomenon. These national imaginary leave clues within media representations, especially inside television dramas, that is possible to identify and analyze. It doesn’t matter of opposing these two models. French and British cases, if they differ on some issues, experience and survey similar difficulties. This simultaneous review helps to paint a wider landscape of possibilities, and to seek possible solutions, based on experiments in these two countries
Behling, Günter. "Apprendre l'occitan : étude de la motivation des collégiens et de la transmission socioculturelle en région Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30020.
Повний текст джерелаThe learning of Occitan as a minority language is characterised by a dialectical relationship between cultural persistence and social change. The preservation of traditional culture forms in the modern world requires a reinterpretation and an adaptation to new social conditions. Because of the loss of cultural transmission in family and neighbourhood the school education takes more importance, but we know little about the motivation of the teenagers to take part in the learning of the Occitan language. The empirical part of the study presents an investigation among more than 500 pupils who participate in Occitan studies at lower secondary education in the southern French region Languedoc-Roussillon (fieldwork was done in 36 classes in 19 public schools and the Calandreta school near Montpellier). Although we note a great diversity of motives, the motivational orientation of the pupils remains substantially influenced by the social and cultural habitus of their family
Zabaleta, Eneritz. "Le droit de la langue basque – étude comparée France, Espagne." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2061/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of the legal dispositions ruling the use and learning of the basque language in France and Spain, and the policies intending the revitalization and normalization of the basque language in both territories reveals a political and legal contradiction. Even if the French and Spanish regulations contain opposite principles regarding the recognition of multilingualism in the public sphere and the recognition of the rights of language communities, the public authorities in both countries have applied similar policies with the objective to ensure the use of the basque language in Administration and public service, and to allow that a large part of the population has the possibility to learn the basque language. This contradiction can be resolved with a reflexion concerning the French linguistic model. The thesis offers a proposal to establish a new legal and constitutional conciliation in France permitting a better expression of multilingualism in the public sphere, and securing legally the public policies applied in this country in the benefit of the basque language
Pichon, Denis. "Normalisation d'une langue régionale dans la sphère économique : de l'utopie à la réalité : le cas de la langue bretonne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work considers reverse language shift in economy as a project. This involve defining a starting point and understanding how this situation came up. It is the aim of the first part which shows the evolution of breton language on several centuries, the appropriate scale to understand language evolutions. Then comes the environment conditions, three aspects are studied : language tools, numbering and level qualifications of the speakers in front of current supply and demand situation. Then, the last tool considered is the methodology and the follow-up of minority language revitalisation. The second part is dedicated to tensions generated in economy between the evolution speed of human activities versus numeric ones. Then comes valorisation of contemporary initiatives regarding language revival in companies. Two main aspects are considered : the possibilities offered by minority languages and managing human aspects linked to such initiatives. Last, the third section is dedicated to an experimental minority language revitalisation performed in the company of the author of this work, which allowed him to put face to face utopia and reality of such an initiative
Al labour imbourc’h-mañ a ginnig sellout ouzh advuhezekaat ar yezhoù minorel er bed an armerzh evel ur raktres. Ar pezh a dalv spisaat al lec’h loc’hañ, ha penaos emeur degouezhet eno. Pal al loden gentañ an hini eo, hag a ziskouez emdroadur ar yezh a-hed ar c’hantvedoù, skeul amzer dereat evit meizañ emdroadurioù ar yezhoù. Dont a ra war-lerc’h aozioù an endro ha tri anezho zo bet studiet : ostilhoù ar yezh, kementañ hag adrummañ ar vrezhonegerien e-keñver kinnig ha goulenn al labour, hag a-benn ar fin, metodologiezhoù evit lakaat e pleustr ha heuliañ advuhezekaat ur yezh. An eil lodenn a ziskouez tennderioù diabarzh war dachenn an armerzh etre tizh emdroadur faktorioù denel ha niverel. D’an talvoudegezh an intrudu a-vremañ er bed an embregerezhioù, eo gouestlet ar peurrest eus al lodenn. Daou dra a zo bet studiet pizh : peseurt implij eus ar yezh vinorel ha penaos merañ faktorioù denel liammet gant an difrae. Evit echuiñ, an trede lodenn a zo gouestlet d’ul labour pleustrek advuhezekaat ar brezhoneg en embregerezh oberour al labour-mañ, ar pezh en deus roet dezhañ da lakaat tal-ouzh-tal utopiezh ha gwirvoud an difrae
Barré, Ronan. "Contribution critique à la sociolinguistique des langues minoritaires : les langues celtiques dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN1427.
Повний текст джерела