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1
Hendrickx, Marc. "Fibrous Tremolite in Central New South Wales, Australia." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Tremolite schists in Ordovician meta-volcanic units in central New South Wales (NSW) consist of fine fibrous tremolite-actinolite. They host tremolite asbestos occurrences, and small quantities of asbestos were mined from narrow vein deposits in central NSW during the last century. When pulverized, the tremolite schist releases mineral fragments that fall into the classification range for countable mineral fibers and may be classed as asbestos despite not having an asbestiform habit. The ambiguity in classification of this type of natural material raises significant health and safety, legal, and environmental issues that require clarification. While the health effects of amphibole asbestos fibers are well known, the consequences of exposure to non-asbestiform, fibrous varieties is not well studied. This group of elongated mineral particles deserves more attention due to their widespread occurrence in metamorphic rocks in Australia. Toxicological studies are needed to assess the health risks associated with disturbance of these minerals during mining, civil construction, forestry, and farming practices.
2
Birch, W. D. "Zinc-manganese carbonates from Broken Hill, New South Wales." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 355 (March 1986): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSpecimens of honey-brown to pinkish-brown globular carbonates encrusting concretionary goethite–coronadite from the oxidized zone at Broken Hill, New South Wales, have compositions in the rhodochrosite–smithsonite series. This may be the first extensive natural occurrence of this solid-solution series. Growth of the carbonates occurred in zones which have near uniform composition. The ratio MnCO3/(MnCO3 + ZnCO3) for each zone bears a linear relationship to the measured d spacing for the 104 X-ray reflections. Because cerussite is the only other mineral associated with the Zn-Mn carbonates and because of an absence of detailed locality information, the paragenetic significance of these minerals cannot be determined. The solutions depositing them may have been derived from the near-surface equivalents of the Zinc Lode horizons.
3
Williams, M. L., and P. F. Carr. "Isotope systematics of secondary minerals from the Prospect Intrusion, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 6 (December 2005): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090500302293.
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4
Singh, Balwant, and Susan Heffernan. "Layer charge characteristics of smectites from Vertosols (Vertisols) of New South Wales." Soil Research 40, no. 7 (2002): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Premature senescence in cotton has been attributed to K deficiency in the cotton soils of Australia. The availability, release, and fixation of K+ in soils are mainly dependent on the clay mineralogy and layer charge characteristics of 2 : 1 clay minerals. There is a little information on the mineralogy and charge characteristics of the cotton growing soils (Vertosols) of Australia. The aims of this study were to determine the clay mineralogy, the layer charge density, and layer charge distribution of some cotton growing soils by chemical and X-ray diffraction methods.Most soil clays contain abundant smectite associated with small amounts of mica, kaolinite, and an interstratified mineral. The total layer charge as determined by the alkylammonium method ranged between 0.55 and 0.67 mol(–)/(O10(OH)2), indicating a high interlayer charge density. The layer charge of smectites from different valleys and for different size fractions was similar. The Greene-Kelly test showed that most of the charge originated in the tetrahedral sheet. The chemical analysis indicates that the smectite is an iron-rich beidellite, which has possibly formed from the weathering of mica.
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Birch, W. D., E. A. J. Burke, V. J. Wall, and M. A. Etheridge. "Ecandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, from Little Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, and the San Valentin Mine, Sierra de Cartegena, Spain." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 365 (April 1988): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.365.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEcandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, is a new mineral which was first described from the Broken Hill lode in 1970 and discovered subsequently in ores from Little Broken Hill (New South Wales) and the San Valentin Mine, Spain. The name ‘ecandrewsite’ was used in a partial description of the mineral in ‘Minerals of Broken Hill’ (1982), thereby establishing the Little Broken Hill locality, specifically the Melbourne Rockwell Mine, as the type locality. Microprobe analysis of ecandrewsite from the type locality gave ZnO 30.42 (wt.%), FeO (total Fe) 11.37, MnO 7.64, TiO2 50.12, total 99.6%, yielding an empirical formula of (Zn0.59Fe0.24Mn0.17)1.00Ti0.99O3 based on 3 oxygen atoms. All compositions from Little Broken Hill and the San Valentin Mine are ferroan manganoan ecandrewsite. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction data are (d in Å, (hkil), I/Io):2.746, (104), 100; 2.545, (110), 80; 1.867, (024), 40; 3.734, (012), 30; 1.470, (3030), 30; 1.723, (116), 25. Ecandrewsite is hexagonal, space group RR3¯ assigned from a structural study, with a = 5.090(1), c = 14.036(2)Å, V = 314.6(3)Å3, Z = 6, D(calc.) = 4.99. The mineral is opaque, dark brown to black with a similar streak, and a submetallic lustre. In plane polarized light the reflection colour is greyish white with a pinkish tinge. Reflection pleochroism is weak, but anisotropism is strong with colours from greenish grey to dark brownish grey. Reflectance data in air between 470 and 650 nm are given. At the type locality, ecandrewsite forms disseminated tabular euhedral grains up to 250 × 50 µm, in quartz-rich metasediments. Associated minerals include almandine-spessartine, ferroan gahnite and rutile. The name is for E. C. Andrews, pioneering geologist in the Broken Hill region of New South Wales. Type material consisting of one grain is preserved in the Museum of Victoria (M35700). The mineral and name were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names in 1979.
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Elliott, P., P. Turner, P. Jensen, U. Kolitsch, and A. Pring. "Description and crystal structure of nyholmite, a new mineral related to hureaulite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 73, no. 5 (October 2009): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2009.073.5.723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNyholmite, Cd3Zn2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O, from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is a new Cd-Zn arsenate species, isostructural with the minerals of the hureaulite group. The mineral occurs in a quartz-garnet-arsenopyrite matrix as white globules, tufted aggregates of fibrous crystals and radiating hemispheres of thin, colourless, bladed crystals. Associated minerals are goldquarryite, lavendulan-sampleite, scorodite-strengite and gypsum. Individual crystals are up to 0.2 mm in length and 0.05 mm across. The mineral is transparent to translucent with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle with an uneven fracture and a white streak. The Mohs hardness is 3–3.5 and the calculated density is 4.23 g cm–3 for the empirical formula. Electron microprobe analyses yielded CdO 34.58, ZnO 9.72, MnO 3.59, CuO 3.39, Al2O3 0.20, CaO 0.16, PbO 0.37, As2O5 34.55, P2O5 6.29 totalling 92.85 wt.%. The empirical formula, based on 20 oxygen atoms, is Ca0.03Pb0.02 Cd2.80Al0.04Zn1.24-Cu0.44Mn0.53[(AsO4)3.13(PO4)0.92]Σ4.05H1.91·3.79H2O. Nyholmite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 18.062(4) Å, b = 9.341(2) Å, c = 9.844(2) Å, β = 96.17(3)°, V = 1651.2(6) Å3 (single-crystal data, at 123 K). The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d(Å),I,(hkl)]: 8.985,30,(200); 8.283,85,(110); 6.169,25,(111); 4.878,25,(002); 3.234,100,(2, 420); 3.079,65,(222, 511); 2.976’45’(113). The crystal structure was solved by Patterson methods and refined using 2045 observed reflections to R1(F) = 3.73%. The structure is characterized by a kinked, five-membered chain of edge-sharing Mφ6 (φ = unspecified anion) octahedra, or pentamer, that extends in the a direction. The pentamers link by sharing corners to form a sheet in the (001) plane. Pentamers are also linked, via corner-sharing, by (As,P)O4 groups forming thick slabs in the (001) plane. The slabs link in the c direction by cornersharing between octahedra and tetrahedra to form a dense heteropolyhedral framework. Moderate to weak hydrogen-bonding provides additional linkage between the slabs.
7
Bramley, E., I. J. Lean, W. J. Fulkerson, and N. D. Costa. "Feeding management and feeds on dairy farms in New South Wales and Victoria." Animal Production Science 52, no. 1 (2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Feeding practices in Australian dairy herds were recorded in 100 dairy herds in five districts of two states. A questionnaire about the feeding practices was completed and pasture samples were also collected, where applicable, for analysis. Data and pasture samples were collected once from each farm with visits to regions occurring at different times of the year. Diets were evaluated for nutritional adequacy using the CPM Dairy program. Average milk yield on the day of sampling was 22.8 L/day. The combination of grazed pasture with grain fed during milking was the most prevalent feeding system (54%) in all areas. This was followed by combination of pelleted grain/by-products combined with pasture grazing (25%). Only one herd in the study was not feeding any form of concentrates at the time of sampling. The estimated percentage of concentrate in the diet ranged from 25% ± 11.6 to 44% ± 12.0. Wheat, which was fed at up to 9.8 kg/cow.day DM was the most prevalent grain in all areas, except for Gippsland. The predominant sources of protein in all areas were canola meal, cottonseed meal and lupins. By-products were prevalent, with brewers grain and wheat millrun the most commonly used, fed at 2.8 and 1.6 kg/cow.day DM, respectively. Most farms (81/100) incorporated at least one type of ‘buffer’ in the ration, and limestone (67%) was the most prevalent mineral additive. Monensin and virginiamycin were fed in all areas, with a varying prevalence. Feeding or dose rates used for minerals and rumen modifiers were not always appropriate to those recommended for mineral needs or control of rumen function. This paper demonstrated that a wide variety of feeding systems are used in Australian dairy herds and provides information on nutritive characteristics of pastures.
8
Kawachi, Y., P. M. Ashley, D. Vince, and M. Goodwin. "Sugilite in manganese silicate rocks from the Hoskins mine and Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 393 (December 1994): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSugilite relatively rich in manganese has been found at two new localities, the Hoskins and Woods mines in New South Wales, Australia. The occurrences are in manganese-rich silicate rocks of middle to upper greenschist facies (Hoskins mine) and hornblende hornfels facies (Woods mine). Coexisting minerals are members of the namansilite-aegirine and pectolite-serandite series, Mn-rich alkali amphiboles, alkali feldspar, braunite, rhodonite, tephroite, albite, microcline, norrishite, witherite, manganoan calcite, quartz, and several unidentified minerals. Woods mine sugilite is colour-zoned with pale mauve cores and colourless rims, whereas Hoskins mine sugilite is only weakly colour-zoned and pink to mauve. Within single samples, the chemical compositions of sugilite from both localities show wide ranges in Al contents and less variable ranges of Fe and Mn, similar to trends in sugilite from other localities. The refractive indices and cell dimensions tend to show systematic increases progressing from Al-rich to Fe-Mn-rich. The formation of the sugilite is controlled by the high alkali (especially Li) and manganese contents of the country rock, reflected in the occurrences of coexisting high alkali- and manganese-bearing minerals, and by high fo2 conditions.
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Ellis, D. J., and M. Obata. "Migmatite and melt segregation at Cooma, New South Wales." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007781.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe Cooma Complex of southeastern New South Wales comprises an andalusite-bearing S-type granodiorite surrounded by migmatites and low-pressure metamorphosed pelitic and psammitic sediments. The migmatite formed by the melting reaction:Biotite + Andalusite + K-feldspar + Quartz + V = Cordierite + Liquidat about 350–400 MPa , 670-730°C.The melanosome consists of biotite + cordierite + andalusite + K-feldspar + plagioclase + quartz + ilmenite, whereas the leucosome consists of cordierite + K-feldspar + quartz with extremely rare biotite and plagioclase. In a closed system, freezing of the leucosome melt patches should have resulted in cordierite back-reaction with melt to produce biotite and andalusite. The virtually anhydrous mineralogy of the leucosome patches, lack of cordierite reaction and the absence of biotite selvedges at the leucosome-melanosome contacts, indicates that the melt did not completely solidify in situ. These observations can be explained by an initial peritectic melting reaction in the migmatite being arrested from back-reaction upon cooling because of the removal of hydrous melt, enabling leucosome cordierite to escape back-reaction. We propose that the melanosome is the residue of partial melting but that the leucosome patches do not represent frozen melt segregations but rather the liquidus minerals (cumulates) which precipitated from the melt.In the restite-rich granodiorite from the core of the Cooma Complex, cordierite of similar composition to that in the migmatite has reaction rims of biotite and andalusite and there are coexisting biotite and andalusite in the matrix. The granodiorite consisted of about 50 wt% melt together with resite biotite, quartz and plagioclase, which can possibly be identified in the surrounding migmatite. Previous work suggested that the Cooma Granodiorite can be derived from a mixture of the surrounding metasediments which are of similar composition in the high and low-grade areas surrounding the granodiorite. Re-examinatibn of those data shows that the high-grade metasediments are more An-rich than the low-grade rocks. The Cooma Granodiorite is very similar to the high-grade rocks in terms of Or-Ab-An ratio. This suggests derivation of the Cooma Granodiorite from the high-grade rocks and not from the relatively An-poor low-grade rocks which are typical of exposed sediments in the Lachlan Fold Belt. It is most likely that the granodiorite and envelope of high-grade rocks have been emplaced into the compositionally different lower grade rocks from slightly greater depths.
10
Chartres, CJ. "A preliminary investigation of hardpan horizons in north-west New South Wales." Soil Research 23, no. 3 (1985): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Micromorphological, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses of morphologically differing hardpan horizons show a wide range of constituent materials and interparticle cements. A number of different fabric elements occur within the hardpans. These include porphyroskelic zones with amorphous silica in the s-matrix, zones composed almost entirely of amorphous silica, chlamydic zones with clay coatings on skeleton grains, and zones of calcareous material filling fissures. A further porphyroskelic fabric type, in which the plasma consists of strongly oriented clay intimately mixed with isotropic material containing amorphous silica, was also recognized in one type of hardpan. Amorphous silica is the cementing agent within some of the fabric zones identified, but in the chlamydic zones, at least, clay minerals enriched in silica, iron and titanium, and depleted in aluminium, appear to be the cementing medium. Micromorphological evidence indicates a complex development of the hardpans with alternating phases of silica, clay and carbonate deposition.
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Rumsey, Michael S., Mark D. Welch, Annette K. Kleppe, and John Spratt. "Siidraite, Pb2Cu(OH)2I3, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia: the third halocuprate(I) mineral." European Journal of Mineralogy 29, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2676.
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Williams, BG, and JK Ward. "The chemistry of shallow groundwaters in the Murrumbidgee irrigation area, New South Wales." Soil Research 25, no. 3 (1987): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chemistry of shallow groundwaters in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales, Australia, is examined in terms of the degree of saturation with calcium minerals. Many water samples were found to be saturated with calcite, especially when brought into equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 pressures; gypsum saturation was found more frequently from regions having waters of high ionic strength. A thermodynamic chemical model is used to describe the effects on water 'quality', for irrigation purposes, if the groundwaters are to be reused in mixtures with irrigation supply water. A tentative classification in terms of salinity and sodium hazard is presented and a simple relationship between both hazards has been derived. A potential exists for using between 25% and 95% groundwater in mixtures with supply water for irrigation, depending on the initial salt concentration.
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Rattray, K. J., M. R. Taylor, D. J. M. Bevan, and A. Pring. "Compositional segregation and solid solution in the lead-dominant alunite-type minerals from Broken Hill, N.S.W." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 402 (October 1996): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA study of the composition and unit cell data of a suite of lead-rich minerals of the alunite-jarosite group from the oxidized zone of the ore body at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, has revealed almost complete XO4 (X = As, P, S) solid solution in these minerals at this deposit. The species in the group noted are hidalgoite, hinsdalite, beudantite, segnitite and plumbogummite. These minerals at Broken Hill exhibit a number of growth textures, including oscillatory zoning, colloform banding and replacements. Zoning in these minerals is due to the segregation of Al- and Fe-rich members, and compositions indicate a strong coupling of Fe3+ with and Al with
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Hibbs, D. E., U. Kolitsch, P. Leverett, J. L. Sharpe, and P. A. Williams. "Hoganite and paceite, two new acetate minerals from the Potosi mine, Broken Hill, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 3 (June 2002): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026630042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractHoganite, copper(II) acetate monohydrate, and paceite (pronounced ‘pace-ite’), calcium(II) copper(II) tetraacetate hexahydrate, occur as isolated crystals embedded in ferruginous gossan from the Potosi Pit, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. They are associated with goethite, hematite, quartz, linarite, malachite, azurite, cerussite and cuprian smithsonite. Hoganite is bluish green with a pale blue streak and a Mohs hardness of 1½; it possesses perfect {001} and distinct {110} cleavages and has a conchoidal fracture. Chemical analysis of hoganite gave (wt.%) C 23.85; H 3.95; Cu 31.6; Fe 0.4; O (by difference) 40.2, yielding an empirical formula of C4H7.89O5.07Cu1.00Fe0.01. The simplified formula is C4H8O5Cu or Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O, the mineral being identical to the synthetic compound of the same formula. Single-crystal X-ray data for hoganite are: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 13.162(3), b = 8.555(2), c = 13.850(3)Å, β = 117.08(3)°, Z = 8. The density, calculated from single-crystal data, is 1.910 g cm−3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 6.921 (100) (011); 3.532 (28) (202); 6.176 (14) (200); 3.592 (11) (1̄22); 5.382 (10) (2̄11); 2.278 (10) (204); 5.872 (9) (002). Hoganite (orientation presently unknown) is biaxial positive with α = 1.533(2), β = 1.541(3), γ = 1.554(2), 2V(meas.) = 85(5)°, 2V(calc.) = 76.8°, dispersion is r < v, medium (white light); it is strongly pleochroic with X = blue, Y = pale bluish, Z = pale bluish green and absorption X > Y > Z. The mineral is named after Graham P. Hogan of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, a miner and well-known collector of Broken Hill minerals.Paceite is dark blue with a pale blue streak and a Mohs hardness of 1½; it possesses perfect {100} and {110} cleavages and has an uneven fracture. Chemical analysis of paceite gave (wt.%) C 21.25; H 5.3; Ca 9.0; Cu 14.1; O (by difference) 50.35, yielding an empirical formula of C8H23.77O14.23Ca1.02-Cu1.00. The simplified formula is C8H24O14CaCu or CaCu(CH3COO)4.6H2O, the mineral being identical to the synthetic compound of the same formula. Unit-cell data (refined from X-ray powder diffraction data) for paceite are: tetragonal, space group I4/m, a = 11.155(4), c = 16.236(17)Å, Z = 4. The density, calculated from refined cell data, is 1.472 g cm−3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 7.896 (100) (110); 3.530 (20) (310); 5.586 (15) (200); 8.132 (8) (002); 9.297 (6) (101); 2.497 (4) (420); 3.042 (3) (321). Paceite is uniaxial positive with ω = 1.439(2) and ɛ = 1.482(3) (white light); pleochroism is bluish with a greenish tint (O), pale bluish with a greyish tint (E), and absorption O ⩾ E. The mineral is named after Frank L. Pace of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, an ex-miner and well-known collector of Broken Hill minerals.
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Lin Sutherland, F., and Robert R. Coenraads. "An unusual ruby-sapphire-sapphirine-spinel assemblage from the Tertiary Barrington volcanic province, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 401 (August 1996): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.401.08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRuby-sapphire-sapphirine-spinel forms small, corroded, crystalline aggregates in corundum bearing alluvials shed from the Tertiary Barrington basalt shield volcano. Sapphirine is near a 7:9:3 (MgO-Al2O3-SiO2) composition and, together with the corundum, shows reaction rims of pleonaste spinel. Spinel in the aggregates has a compositional range Sp 68–73 Hc 27–29 Cm 0–3. The aggregates give new insights into the ruby-sapphire source rocks. Potential origins include metamorphic recrystallization of aluminous material (below 1460°C) or high temperature-high pressure crystallization reactions related to lamprophyric or basaltic magmas (up to 1300°C and 20 kbar). Sapphirine-spinel thermometry suggests final crystallization temperatures for the aggregates around 780 to 940°C and reaction with host magmas at over 1000°C.The Barrington gemfield includes two distinct corundum suites. One, typical in eastern Australia, is dominated by blue-green, well-crystallized, growth-zoned sapphire, commonly containing rutile silk and Ferich spinel inclusions (Hc 51–73, Mt 18–35, Mf 6–8, Usp 2–6). The other, an unusual suite, is dominated by ruby and pastel coloured sapphires, with little crystal shape or growth zonation and restricted mineral inclusions, mostly chromian pleonaste and pleonaste. The ruby-sapphire-sapphirine-spinel aggregates provoke new thoughts on the origin of rubies and sapphires and their indicator minerals in eastern Australian and southeastern Asian volcanic gemfields.
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Tarabbia, P. J. "Geological note: Authigenic Sr‐Ba‐Ca carbonate minerals in coals of the Hunter Valley, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 6 (December 1994): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099408728172.
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Somerville, D. C., and H. I. Nicol. "Mineral content of honeybee-collected pollen from southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 8 (2002): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mineral content of honeybee-collected pollen from 34 floral species was analysed for 10 elements. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of major and minor elements were the following: potassium (K) 5530, phosphorus (P) 4600, sulfur (S) 2378, calcium (Ca) 1146, magnesium (Mg) 716, sodium (Na) 82, iron (Fe) 67, zinc�(Zn) 58, manganese (Mn) 33 and copper (Cu) 12. Close correlations existed between Mn and Cu, P and S, K and S and K and Zn. Single species demonstrated similar element profiles. Echium plantagineum pollen had a high mean concentration of P (7411 mg/kg) and S (3133 mg/kg) when compared with the mean of the total; Brassica�napus pollen had high concentration of Mg (1400 mg/kg) and Ca (1750 mg/kg) and low concentration of Fe (27 mg/kg); Hypochoeris radicata had low concentrations of 6 elements — Fe (4.5 mg/kg), Zn (20 mg/kg), Mg�(240 mg/kg), S (1400 mg/kg), P (2066 mg/kg) and K (2433 mg/kg). Asphodelus fistulosus had the highest concentration of K at 38 000 mg/kg, the next highest value of 8200 mg/kg being for Prunus dulcis.
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Morand, V. J. "Vanadium-Bearing Margarite from the Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 366 (June 1988): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.366.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMargarite occurs in Ordovician black slate within the contact aureole of the Wyangala Batholith, in the Lachlan Fold Belt in New South Wales. This occurrence is the first described from New South Wales. It is a regional metamorphic mineral replacing chiastolitic andalusite, and contains up to 1.07% V2O3 and up to 0.37% Cr2O3. Vanadium and chromium here substitute for octahedral aluminium. Margarite is produced by a local reaction in which Ca and H2O are introduced into andalusite grains. There is a significant paragonite component in the margarite but negligible muscovite solid solution.
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Elliott, Peter, and Uwe Kolitsch. "Description and crystal structure of vanderheydenite, Zn6(PO4)2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2750.
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Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V., Nikita V. Chukanov, Igor V. Pekov, Sergey M. Aksenov, Catherine McCammon, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Sergey N. Britvin, et al. "Ferrorhodonite, CaMn3Fe[Si5O15], a new mineral species from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 44, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0860-3.
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Keankeo, W., W. R. Taylor, and J. D. FitzGerald. "Clinoferrosilite-bearing kelyphite: a breakdown product of xenolithic garnet, Delegate breccia pipes, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 3 (June 2000): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractGarnet pyroxenite xenoliths from the Delegate nephelinitic breccia pipes, New South Wales, Australia, contain relict garnets (py40 alm39 gr21) which are replaced by dark kelyphitic rims resulting from garnet breakdown. The kelyphite is composed of a lamellar intergrowth of secondary minerals, in which the lamellae are <1 μm in width. Analyses by SEM and ICPMS reveal that the kelyphite has an identical bulk chemical composition to the primary garnet. Kelyphitic rims on garnet are well known from xenoliths and xenocrysts in kimberlite pipes and from tectonically-uplifted mafic and ultramafic rocks in some metamorphic terranes. Orthopyroxene occurs in metamorphic kelyphites and it has been assumed that orthopyroxene is also the breakdown product of garnet transported in basic-ultrabasic magmas. However, TEM study of Delegate kelyphite shows that the ultrafine lamellae do not contain orthopyroxene but are instead composed of magnesian clinoferrosilite (En45Fs55), and lesser ferroan spinel and anorthite. The clinoferrosilite is probably the inversion product of initially-formed magnesian protoferrosilite. The breakdown reaction is believed to result from a sudden change to lower temperature and pressure conditions when the xenoliths were transported in the Delegate magma from ∼40 km depth to the surface.
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Graham, Lan T., and Ross E. Pogson. "The Albert Chapman Mineral Collection: Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.29-39.
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Walsh, Peter G., and Geoff S. Humphreys. "Inheritance and formation of smectite in a texture contrast soil in the Pilliga State Forests, New South Wales." Soil Research 48, no. 1 (2010): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Smectite genesis is generally considered to require an alkaline environment, for in acid environments it is reportedly unstable. This study shows that smectite is forming in an acid, texture-contrast soil in the Pilliga State Forests in north-western New South Wales. Three modes of smectite genesis in the study soil are presented. The first mode involves direct inheritance from the underlying parent rock. The second and third modes involve precipitation of smectite from solution and its deposition from suspension, respectively. While the bulk of the smectite in the study soil is inherited from the transformation of labile primary minerals and rock fragments in the parent rock, restricted drainage coupled with a parent material capable of supplying the elemental constituents of smectite are also important factors in its genesis.
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LaBranche, Nikky, Kellie Teale, Elaine Wightman, Kelly Johnstone, and David Cliff. "Characterization Analysis of Airborne Particulates from Australian Underground Coal Mines Using the Mineral Liberation Analyser." Minerals 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exposure monitoring and health surveillance of coal mine workers has been improved in Australia since coal workers’ pneumoconiosis was reidentified in 2015 in Queensland. Regional variations in the prevalence of mine dust lung disease have been observed, prompting a more detailed look into the size, shape, and mineralogical classes of the dust that workers are being exposed to. This study collected respirable samples of ambient air from three operating coal mines in Queensland and New South Wales for characterization analysis using the Mineral Liberation Analyser (MLA), a type of scanning electron microscope (SEM) that uses a combination of the backscattered electron (BSE) image and characteristic X-rays for mineral identification. This research identified 25 different minerals present in the coal samples with varying particle size distributions for the overall samples and the individual mineralogies. While Mine 8 was very consistent in mineralogy with a high carbon content, Mine 6 and 7 were found to differ more significantly by location within the mine.
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Paul, Adrian L. D., Peter D. Erskine, and Antony van der Ent. "Metallophytes on Zn-Pb mineralised soils and mining wastes in Broken Hill, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 2 (2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The wastes of metalliferous mining activities produce a substrate that is generally unfavourable for normal plant establishment and growth. However, metallophytes have evolved to grow in hostile environments that are rich in metals. They possess key properties that commend them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. This field survey aimed to identify native metallophytes occurring on minerals wastes and mineralised outcrops in Broken Hill (New South Wales, Australia). Foliar concentrations of minerals were very high compared with non-mineralised soils but within the range expected for plants in such environments. Neither hyperaccumulators nor obligate metallophytes have been found, but they may be present on isolated mineralised outcrops in the wider Broken Hill area; however, a range of facultative metallophytes was identified in this study. These species could be introduced onto mining leases if establishment protocols for such species were developed.
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Paul, Adrian L. D., Peter D. Erskine, and Antony van der Ent. "Corrigendum to: Metallophytes on Zn-Pb mineralised soils and mining wastes in Broken Hill, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 3 (2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17143_co.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The wastes of metalliferous mining activities produce a substrate that is generally unfavourable for normal plant establishment and growth. However, metallophytes have evolved to grow in hostile environments that are rich in metals. They possess key properties that commend them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. This field survey aimed to identify native metallophytes occurring on minerals wastes and mineralised outcrops in Broken Hill (New South Wales, Australia). Foliar concentrations of minerals were very high compared with non-mineralised soils but within the range expected for plants in such environments. Neither hyperaccumulators nor obligate metallophytes have been found, but they may be present on isolated mineralised outcrops in the wider Broken Hill area; however, a range of facultative metallophytes was identified in this study. These species could be introduced onto mining leases if establishment protocols for such species were developed.
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Elliott, P., J. Brugger, A. Pring, M. L. Cole, A. C. Willis, and U. Kolitsch. "Birchite, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia: Description and structure refinement." American Mineralogist 93, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2008): 910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2732.
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Elliott, Peter. "Thorasphite, Th2H(AsO4)2(PO4)·6H2O, a New Mineral from Elsmore, New South Wales, Australia." Canadian Mineralogist 60, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2100064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The new mineral species thorasphite, Th2H(AsO4)2(PO4)·6H2O, has been discovered at the abandoned tin deposit at Elsmore, New South Wales, Australia. It occurs as brownish pink to salmon pink, prismatic to acicular crystals up to 0.08 mm in length and 0.002 mm across, associated with jarosite in cavities in a quartz-muscovite matrix. Thorasphite has a white streak and a vitreous luster. The calculated density is 4.185 g/cm3. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, a = 13.673(3), b = 9.925(2), c = 10.222(2) Å, V = 1387.2(5) Å3, and Z = 4. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [dobs Å (I) (hkl)]: 8.007 (100) (110), 5.127 (57) (002), 4.934 (71) (020, 211), 4.320 (24) (112), 4.251 (38) (121), 3.225 (22) (130, 312), 3.189 (27) (321), 2.926 (27) (213). Electron microprobe analysis gave (average of n = 9): ThO2 51.35, Na2O 0.17, K2O 0.20, Al2O3 0.35, FeO 0.90, Ce2O3 0.27, As2O5 19.65, P2O5 12.27, SiO2 0.08, Cl 0.20, H2O(calc) 13.58, O=Cl –0.05, Total 98.97 wt.%. On the basis of 18 anions per formula unit, the empirical formula is Th1.72Fe2+0.11Al0.06Na0.05K0.04Ce0.01As1.51P1.53Si0.01O17.95Cl0.05H13.31. The crystal structure has been solved from synchrotron single-crystal data and refined to R1 = 7.48% on the basis of 1432 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). The structure consists of Th2[O12(H2O)4] dimers which link in the c direction by edge-sharing PO4 tetrahedra and corner-sharing AsO4 tetrahedra to form chains along [001]. Chains link by corner-sharing Th[O7(H2O)2] polyhedra and AsO4 tetrahedra, giving rise to a framework hosting channels along [001] which are occupied by H2O molecules.
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Och, D. J., E. C. Leitch, G. Caprarelli, and T. Watanabe. "Blueschist and eclogite in tectonic melange, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 4 (August 2003): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036740121.
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Abstract The Rocky Beach Metamorphic Melange contains metre-scale phacoids of high-P low-T metamorphic rocks embedded in chlorite-actinolite schist. The phacoids include eclogite, glaucophane schist and omphacitite and provide evidence for four episodes of metamorphism with mineral assemblages: M1 = actinolite-glaucophane-titanite-apaite, M2 = almandine-omphacite-lawsonite ±quartz, M3 = phengite- glaucophane-K-feldspar-quartz, and M4 = chlorite-actinolite-calcite-quartz-titanite-white mica ± albite ± talc. M1-M3 occurred at a Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic convergent plate boundary close to the eastern margin of Gondwana. Peak metamorphic conditions were attained during the static phase M2, with temperatures of ~560°C and pressures in excess of 1.8 GPa, equivalent to a depth of burial of at least 54 km.
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Rheinberger, Mark, and Ernst Holland. "Australian Fossil & Mineral Museum: Home of the Somerville CollectionBathurst, New South Wales." Rocks & Minerals 83, no. 6 (November 2008): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.83.6.528-533.
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Gunn, RH. "Shallow groundwaters in weathered volcanic, granitic and sedimentary rocks in relation to dryland salinity in southern New South Wales." Soil Research 23, no. 3 (1985): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850355.
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Soils affected by secondary salinization were studied in six areas on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. All the salt-affected areas are underlain by, or occur in close proximity to, deeply weathered volcanic, granitic and sedimentary rocks which commonly contain stores of soluble salts, dominantly sodium chloride. The chemical composition of shallow groundwaters in the areas was monitored by piezometers for periods of up to two years. Water levels in the piezometers responded rapidly to rainfall, but the ionic composition of the waters generally remained fairly uniform. All waters are dominated by sodium chloride; those with the highest contents occurred in volcanic and granitic rocks, followed by Ordovician sediments and the lowest contents were in Silurian sediments. The chlorine contents in samples of weathered rocks follow a similar sequence. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the chlorine-bearing minerals in the unaltered rocks are principally biotite, hornblende and potassium, sodium and calcium feldspars. No salt-affected soils were found in areas underlain by unweathered rocks.
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Davies, R. M., S. Y. O'Reilly, and W. L. Griffin. "Diamonds from Wellington, NSW: insights into the origin of eastern Australian diamonds." Mineralogical Magazine 63, no. 4 (August 1999): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646199548619.
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AbstractDiamonds from alluvial deposits near Wellington, New South Wales, have been characterized on the basis of morphological features, mineral inclusions, C isotope signatures, N content and aggregation state and internal structure. The diamonds are of two types. The larger group (Group A) is indistinguishable from diamonds found worldwide from kimberlitic and lamproitic host rocks. This group is inferred to have formed in a peridotitic mantle source in Pre-Cambrian subcratonic lithosphere. The second group (Group B) is unique in its internal structures (which show evidence of growth in a stress field and non-planar facets), has unusually heavy C isotopic compositions and contains Ca-rich eclogitic inclusions. This group is inferred to have formed in a subducting slab. Diamonds of both groups have external features (corrosion structures and polish) indicating transport to the surface by lamproitic-like magmas. The diamonds show evidence of long residence at the earth's surface and significant alluvial reworking: they are not accompanied by typical diamond indicator minerals.
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Williams, P. A., P. Leverett, J. L. Sharpe, D. M. Colchester, and J. Rankin. "ELSMOREITE, CUBIC WO3{middle dot}0.5H2O, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM ELSMORE, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." Canadian Mineralogist 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.1061.
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MacLeod, Roy. "Of Men and Mining Education: The School of Mines at the University of Sydney." Earth Sciences History 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.19.2.r471574657lj2m7h.
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Colonial Australian science grew by a process of transplantation, adaptation, and innovation in response to local conditions. The discovery of gold in 1851, and the location of vast resources of other minerals, transformed the colonies, as it did the imperial economy. In this process, the role of mining engineering and mining education played a significant part. Its history, long neglected by historians, illuminates the ways in which the colonial universities sought to guide and direct this engine of change, conscious both of overseas precedent and local necessity. This paper considers the particular circumstances of New South Wales, and the role of the University of Sydney, in seizing the day—and producing a degree—that lasted nearly a century.
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Morand, Vincent J. "High chromium and vanadium in andalusite, phengite and retrogressive margarite in contact metamorphosed Ba-rich black slate from the Abercrombie Beds, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 376 (September 1990): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.376.03.
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AbstractGraphitic, quartz-rich black slate within the Late Ordovician Abercrombie Beds, Lachlan Fold Belt, southeast Australia, has undergone contact metamorphism adjacent to the Siluro-Devonian Wyangala Batholith. This produced porphyroblasts of andalusite and cordierite, and smaller grains of pale green phengitic mica. Later regional metamorphism caused complete retrogression of cordierite and partial retrogression of andalusite, with margarite replacing some andalusite.The aluminous minerals andalusite, margarite and phengite all contain V and Cr substituting for Al. Andalusite has up to 1.39% V2O3 and 1.09% Cr2O3, margarite has up to 1.07% V2O3 and 0.37% Cr2O3, and phengitic mica has up to 6.93% V2O3 and 1.52% Cr2O3. This mica also has BaO contents of up to 1.96%.Chemical analyses reveal very high SiO2 contents for these rocks (about 89%), carbon contents of about 2%, and extremely low CaO, FeO, MgO and Na2O. Although V and Cr are prominent in aluminous minerals, their concentrations in the rock are only about average for black shales. However, Ba values range from 2000 to 6000 p.p.m., well above average for black shales. It is suggested that V and Cr probably precipitated from sea water, but Ba may have been concentrated by planktonic organisms such as radiolaria.
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Pring, A., W. D. Birch, J. Dawe, M. Taylor, M. Deliens, and K. Walenta. "Kintoreite, PbFe3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6, a new mineral of the jarosite-alunite family, and lusungite discredited." Mineralogical Magazine 59, no. 394 (March 1995): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1995.59.394.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractKintoreite is a new lead iron phosphate mineral in the alunite-jarosite family, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. It is the phosphate analogue of segnitite and the iron analogue of plumbogummite. Kintoreite occurs as clusters and coatings of cream to yellowish green rhombohedral crystals up to 2 mm high and with the principal form {112}. The mineral also forms waxy, yellowish green globular crusts and hemispheres on other phosphate minerals. These associated species include pyromorphite, libethenite, rockbridgeite/dufrenite, apatite and goethite. Kintoreite formed during oxidation of primary ore rich in galena, in the presence of solutions with high P/(As + S) ratios. The mineral is named for the locality, the Kintore opencut, in which it is most common. A mineral closely resembling kintoreite in composition has also been found at several mines in Germany. Type material is preserved in the Museum of Victoria and the South Australian Museum.Electron microprobe analysis showed a nearly complete spread of compositions across the P-dominant portion of the segnitite-kintoreite series. The selected type specimen has an empirical formula of Pb0.97(Fe2.95Zn0.13Cu0.02)Σ3.10[(PO4)1.30(AsO4)0.39(SO4)0.18(CO3)0.11]Σ1.98(OH)5.45·0.74H2O, calculated on the basis of 14 oxygens and with all Fe trivalent. The simplified formula is PbFe3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)6. Kintoreite crystals are translucent with a vitreous to adamantine lustre, with globules appearing waxy. The streak is pale yellowish green and the Mohs hardness is ∼ 4. Crystals show good cleavage on {001} and are brittle with a rough fracture. The calculated density is 4.34 g cm−3. Kintoreite crystals are uniaxial negative with RIs between 1.935 and 1.955 and show light yellowish green to medium yellow pleochroism.The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are (dobs, Iobs, hkl) 3.07(100) 113; 5.96(90)101; 3.67(60)110; 2.538(50)024; 2.257(50)107; 1.979(50)303; 1.831(40)220. The X-ray data were indexed on a hexagonal unit cell by analogy with beudantite, giving a = 7.325(1) Å, c = 16.900(3) Å, V = 785.3(5) Å3 and Z = 3. The probable space group is Rm, by analogy with beudantite and other members of the alunite-jarosite family. Powder X-ray diffraction data for several intermediate members suggest that the segnitite-kintoreite series may not represent ideal solid solution.During the study of kintoreite, part of the type specimen of lusungite from Zaïre was obtained and shown to be goyazite. The IMA's Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names has voted to discredit lusungite as a species, and has approved the renaming of the ‘lusungite’ group as the segnitite group. However, as relationships between crystal structure, order-disorder and solid solution in the Pb-rich minerals of the alunite-jarosite family are not well documented, the nomenclatural changes resulting from this study should be seen as interim only.
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Kawachi, Y., D. S. Coombs, and H. Miura. "Noélbensonite, a new BaMn silicate of the lawsonite structure type, from Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 399 (April 1996): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.399.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNoélbensonite, a new mineral, is the barium manganese analogue of lawsonite. It is described from the Woods ornamental rhodonite mine, 30 km NNE of Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia, where it occurs as aggregates of blocky to sometimes lamellar crystals ranging from a few micrometres to (rarely) 100 µm in length. It replaces NaMn amphibole, namansilite, and pectolite, and also occurs as tiny monomineralic veinlets 0.05–0.25 mm thick. Rare euhedral crystals are dominated by {100} and {011}, with (011) ^ = 68°. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group apparently Cmcm; a = 6.325(1), b = 9.120(1), c = 13.618(1) Å, V = 785.6(1) Å3, with a : b : c = 0.694 : 1 : 1.493. Noélbensonite is brittle, fracture irregular, Mohs hardness about 4, cleavage and twinning not observed, colour dark brown, streak paler yellow-brown, lustre earthy on some veinlet surfaces to brilliantly vitreous, calculated density 3.87 g/cm3, refractive indices α = 1.82(1),β (calculated from 2V) = 1.835(10), γ = 1.85(1), biaxial negative 2Vα = 46°(3°), strong dispersion r > v, straight extinction to plane of flattening, {100}, α ∥ c, β ∥ b, γ ∥ a with pleochroism in very thin sections: α = orange yellow, β = orange, γ = brownish orange, absorption γ > β ⇐p; α. The average of 23 electron microprobe analyses (wt.%) is SiO2 26.02, Al2O3 0.17, TiO2 0.01, Fe2O3 0.19, Mn2O3 34.76, CaO 0.31, Na2O 0.14, BaO 29.08, SrO 1.51, H2Ocalc 7.87, total 100.06, leading to the simplified formula . Up to 15% Sr and 9% Ca substitute for Ba in the large-cation sites. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [(Iobs) dobs/Å hkl] (100) 4.85 111; (50) 4.557 020; (59) 4.322 021; (77) 3.416 113,004; (80) 2.869 202; (47) 2.849 114; (82) 2.729 024; (45) 2.543 132; (48) 2.428 222; (38) 2.255 223,041. The name is for William Noél Benson (1885–1957), in honour of his classic researches in the New England Fold Belt and of his tenure of the Chair of Geology at the University of Otago.
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Zhang, Shi Qiu. "Improving the Systems of Compensation for Land Access for Mineral Exploration in China." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theregulations of the land access for mineral exploration in China are so inattentive thathindered the realization of the interests of the holder of mineral explorationright. Using the provisions of the land access of mineral exploration andcompensation system in Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales for reference. In order to realize theright of the holder of mineral exploration right, the compensation systemsshould clear the landlord , enlarge the scope of the compensation.
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Oberti, Roberta, Massimo Boiocchi, Frank C. Hawthorne, Neil A. Ball, and Paul M. Ashley. "Oxo-mangani-leakeite from the Hoskins mine, New South Wales, Australia: occurrence and mineral description." Mineralogical Magazine 80, no. 6 (October 2016): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOxo-mangano-leakeite, a newly approved end-member of the amphibole supergroup (IMA-CNMNC 20150-35), has been found in a rock containing manganese silicate and oxide at the Hoskins Mine, a Mn deposit 3 km west of Grenfell, New South Wales. The end-member formula of oxo-mangani-leakeite is ANaBNa2C(Mn3+4Li)TSi8 O22WO2, which would require SiO2 53.15, Mn2O3 34.91, Li2O 1.66, Na2O 10.28, total 100.00 wt.%. The empirical formula derived for the sample of this work from electron and ion microprobe analysis using constraints resulting from single-crystal structure refinement is A(Na0.65K0.36)∑ = 1.01B(Na1.94Ca0.06)∑ = 2.00C(Mg1.60Zn0.01 Li0.58)∑ = 5.01T(Si7.98Al0.02)∑ = 8.00O22W(O1.34OH0.66)∑ = 2.00. Oxo-mangano-leakeite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.681, β = 1.712, γ = 1.738, all ± 0.002, and 2V (meas.) = 81.0(4)°, 2V (calc.) = 83.5°. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 9.875(5), b = 17.873(9), c = 5.295(2) Å, β = 104.74(3)°, V = 903.8 (7) Å3; the space group is C2/m, with Z = 2. The strongest ten reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [d values (in Å), I, (hkl)] are: 8.423, 100, (110); 3.377, 46, (131); 4.461, 40, (040); 4.451, 40, (021); 3.134, 37, (); 2.694, 37, (151); 2.282, 27, (); 2.734, 25, (3̅31); 2.575, 24, (061); 2.331, 24, [() ()]. The holotype material is deposited in the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, under the catalogue number CMNMC 86895.
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Ward, Colin R., D. A. Spears, Carol A. Booth, Ian Staton, and Lila W. Gurba. "Mineral matter and trace elements in coals of the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 40, no. 4 (July 1999): 281–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-5162(99)00006-3.
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Glen, Richard A., C. D. Quinn, and David R. Cooke. "The Macquarie Arc, Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales: its evolution, tectonic setting and mineral deposits." Episodes 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i1/017.
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Graham, S., B. R. Wilson, N. Reid, and H. Jones. "Scattered paddock trees, litter chemistry, and surface soil properties in pastures of the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Soil Research 42, no. 8 (2004): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scattered paddock trees are widespread throughout rural Australia but their effect on soil conditions has received only limited research attention. This study investigated the influence of 3 Eucalyptus species on surface soil properties on different parent materials at both stocked and unstocked sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Mineral soil samples to a depth of 5 cm were collected at intervals up to twice the canopy radius away from tree trunks and litter samples were collected at corresponding points. Mineral soils were analysed for pH (CaCl2), organic carbon (C), and extractable phosphorus (P) concentration, while for the litter samples, P, sulfur, cations, and ash alkalinity were determined. Stocking with sheep and cattle increased surface soil acidity and C and P concentrations at each location. However, soils under E. melliodora and E. viminalis showed higher pH and increased C and P concentrations close to the tree stem irrespective of grazing. Soils under E. caliginosa, while having similar patterns of C and P, showed variable acidity patterns with instances of lower pH close to the tree stem. Spatial patterns in soil acidity were associated with the ash alkalinity of litter, indicating litter as a source of alkalinity addition to the soil surface, although different patterns of soil pH could not be fully explained by litter ash alkalinity alone. The close correlation of litter Ca content with ash alkalinity suggests that this element might be a suitable indicator of the acid amelioration capacity of different tree species.
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Pacey, Adam, Jamie J. Wilkinson, Adrian J. Boyce, and Ian L. Millar. "Magmatic Fluids Implicated in the Formation of Propylitic Alteration: Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Strontium Isotope Constraints from the Northparkes Porphyry Cu-Au District, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 115, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 729–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4732.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In porphyry ore deposit models, the propylitic alteration facies is widely interpreted to be caused by convective circulation of meteoric waters. However, recent field-based and geochemical data suggest that magmatic-derived fluids are likely to contribute to development of the propylitic assemblage. In order to test this hypothesis, we determined the oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of propylitic mineral separates (epidote, chlorite, and quartz), selected potassic mineral separates (quartz and magnetite), and quartz-hosted fluid inclusions from around the E48 and E26 deposits in the Northparkes porphyry Cu-Au district, New South Wales, Australia. In addition, the strontium isotope composition of epidote was determined to test for the potential contribution of seawater in the Northparkes system given the postulated island-arc setting and submarine character of some country rocks. Oxygen isotope geothermometry calculations indicate potassic alteration occurred between ~600° and 700°C in magmatic/mineralized centers, persisting to ~450°C upon lateral transition into propylitic alteration. Across the propylitic facies, temperature progressively decreased outward to <250°C. These temperature estimates and additional data from chlorite geothermometry were utilized to calculate the oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of the fluid in equilibrium with the sampled minerals. Results show that propylitic fluids spanned a range of compositions with δ18O between 0.5 and 3.7‰ and δD between –49 and –17‰. Comparison of these results with the modeled compositions of meteoric and/or magmatic fluids during their evolution and isotopic exchange with local country rocks shows that a magmatic fluid component must exist across the propylitic halo during its formation. Strontium isotope data from propylitic epidote provide initial (based on formation at ~450 Ma) 87Sr/86Sr values in the range of 0.704099 to 0.704354, ruling out the presence of seawater as a second fluid in the system. Although we cannot exclude magmatic-meteoric mixing, especially toward the fringes of the system, our results support a model in which magmatic-derived fluid is the primary driver of propylitic alteration as it undergoes cooling and chemical equilibration during outward infiltration into country rocks. This is consistent with chemical mass transfer calculations for Northparkes and published chemical-thermodynamic models that only require a magmatic fluid for the production of propylitic assemblages. In view of this and supporting data from other deposits, we suggest that magmatic fluids are essential drivers of propylitic alteration in porphyry systems.
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Duggan, M. B. "Zirconium-rich Sodic Pyroxenes in Felsic Volcanics from the Warrumbungle Volcano, Central New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 367 (September 1988): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.367.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSoda-rich pyroxenes in felsic rocks from the Warrumbungle Volcano, central New South Wales, contain up to 14.5 wt. % ZrO2, which is more than double the previously reported maximum ZrO2 in pyroxene. Zr is believed to enter aegirine as the component Na(Fe2+,Mn,Mg)0.5Zr0.5Si2O6 via the coupled substitution: (Fe2+,Mn,Mg)VI+ZrVI = 2(Fe3+)VI. This component exceeds 50 mol. % in some analyses.Pronounced pyroxene Zr-enrichment is restricted to rocks in which sodic amphibole is the major ferromagnesian mineral, with pyroxene only a minor late-stage phase. The Zr-rich pyroxenes resulted from a combination of host lava peralkalinity, low oxygen fugacity, rapid disequilibrium crystallization and low mobility of the Zr ion. These factors collectively led to the development of interstitial Zr-enriched microdomains in the felsic hosts during their final stages of crystallization.
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Elliott, Peter. "Cardite, Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3·3H2O, a new zinc arsenate mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogy and Petrology 115, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00750-2.
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Taylor, AC, WJ Lill, and AA McNeill. "Importance of mineral nitrogen in the subsoil to yield and uptake of nitrogen by wheat in southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 2 (1988): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dry matter and nitrogen uptake of wheat tops at flowering, dry matter and nitrogen of wheat grain at maturity, and soil mineral nitrogen (0-90 cm) at sowing and flowering, were measured at 68 sites (1 experiment per site in 5 Shires) in southern New South Wales to test the hypotheses that: (i) mineral nitrogen below 30 cm would improve the prediction of wheat yields, (ii) soil mineral nitrogen would be better indicated by wheat yields at flowering than those at maturity, and (iii) soil mineral nitrogen would be better indicated by nitrogen uptake by wheat than by dry matter yields. Mineral nitrogen concentrations in soil at depths greater than 30 cm did not improve the prediction of wheat attributes, but hypotheses (ii) and (iii) were validated. Curvilinear regressions, significant (P< 0.05) on 2 occasions, were not important in this study. The best regression of wheat dry matter at flowering against soil mineral nitrogen at sowing was a single straight line, but the best models for the other 3 wheat variables were all bilinear. The best of the latter related the uptake of nitrogen by wheat at flowering to mineral nitrogen in the soil at sowing as follows: FNUH = (31.6 � 5.9) + (0.892 � 0.110) TMNS30 and FNUL = (9.7 � 7.3) + (0.892 � 0.110) TMNS30 where FNUH is nitrogen uptake by wheat at flowering (kg/ha) in 1960, 1964 and 1966 (when Shire wheat yields were above the Shire's long term average), FNUL is nitrogen uptake by wheat at flowering (kg/ha) in 1961, 1965 and 1974 (when Shire wheat yields were below the Shire's long term average), and TMNS30 is total mineral nitrogen (0-30 cm) (kg/ha) at sowing.
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Macnae, James, and Kate Hine. "Comparing induced polarization responses from airborne inductive and galvanic ground systems: Tasmania." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 6 (November 2016): E471—E479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0190.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have first analyzed the ability of polarizable and superparamagnetic thin sheets in the near surface to fit airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data using data from western Tasmania. Then we analyzed the results of such fitting in the context of geologic mapping and available ground induced polarization (IP) data. Small to large IP effects were found to considerably improve the fit to the observed AEM data, and the overall fitted IP parameters were spatially consistent. However, the locations of anomalous IP parameters were quite distinct from anomalies in other geophysical data. The airborne chargeability highs were adjacent to or surrounded the ground chargeability highs in the five cases analyzed from Tasmanian data. Modeling using the established Cole-Cole physical property values for sulfides predicts that an inductive airborne system is insensitive to many conventional IP targets, unless the mineral grain size is substantially less than 1 mm. In the cases in which airborne IP responses were adjacent to ground IP targets, we hypothesized that the airborne IP may be finer grained minerals in an alteration halo surrounding the sulfide sources of the large ground IP anomalies. Surficial clays encountered in drillholes did not have significant ground or airborne IP responses. A companion paper comes to a similar conclusion using ground and airborne data from a copper deposit in New South Wales.
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Crockford, R. H., and P. M. Fleming. "Environmental magnetism as a stream sediment tracer: an interpretation of the methodology and some case studies." Soil Research 36, no. 1 (1998): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comprehensive sediment sampling program was undertaken in the upper Molonglo catchment in south-eastern New South Wales to determine if mineral magnetics could be used to estimate sidestream contribution at river confluences in this environment. Some 12 confluences were examined over 1400 km 2 in 2 major basins and over 2 contrasting geological types. Sediment samples were divided into 7 size classes and the following magnetic properties measured: magnetic susceptibility at 2 frequencies, isothermal remanent magnetisation at 3 flux densities, and anhysteristic remanent magnetisation. The sidestream inputs were calculated for each particle size class from the range of magnetic parameters. Significant discrepancies and differences appeared in the resultant sidestream inputs, and this paper outlines the conclusions as to the reliability of the different analytical procedures. It is shown that both the concentration and magnetic grain size of ferrimagnetic minerals in the sediments must be taken into account. Where the difference in magnetic grain size between the upstream and sidestream sediments is small, the use of parameter crossplots or bulked magnetic ratios is generally not appropriate. The use of mass (concentration) magnetic values may be better. The difference in the demands of the crossplots and mass values methods is that crossplots require a wide range of mass magnetic concentrations in each branch, with the upstream and sidestream sediments having different magnetic grain sizes, whereas the mass values procedure does best with a very limited (but different) range of concentrations at the upstream and sidestream branches, but similar magnetic grain sizes. This paper provides an extensive discussion of the estimation technique using different parameter combinations, and uses 3 contrasting confluences as case studies.
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Muldoon, DK. "Nutrition of irrigated crops on an alkaline brown clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. 1. Lucerne." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were sequentially omitted from a 'complete' fertiliser applied to plots on an alkaline soil, and lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown immediately afterwards. The dry matter production of lucerne was measured in repeated cuts over 2 years; its mineral composition was determined periodically. In a second experiment 4 rates of phosphorus were applied to a l -year-old stand of lucerne and dry matter production recorded for 1 year. Lucerne yields in the first year were reduced from 17-1 8 t/ha to less than 14 t/ha by omitting phosphorus. Yields universally decreased in the second year as the 50 kg/ha P applied at sowing was depleted through the removal of 40 kg/ha P in forage. Following this depletion a linear yield response up to 80 kg/ha P was found (experiment 2). Omitting phosphorus fertiliser reduced the plant phosphorus concentration from 0.23 to 0.21% when sampled 15 months after sowing. The plant phosphorus concentration decreased with time in all treatments. The available soil phosphorus level decreased from an initial 12 to 6-7 �g/g after 6 months and further to 2 �g/g after 30 months. Fertiliser phosphorus raised the soil phosphorus level but this also was depleted to 2-3 �g/g in 30 months. Omitting zinc reduced the plant zinc concentration. However, neither the omission of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur nor zinc from the fertiliser had any effect on lucerne yields.
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Elliott, P., G. Giester, E. Libowitzky, and U. Kolitsch. "Description and crystal structure of liversidgeite, Zn6(PO4)4{middle dot}7H2O, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." American Mineralogist 95, no. 2-3 (February 1, 2010): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3306.
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