Статті в журналах: "Mineralogy and mangrove regions"

1

Souza-Júnior, V. S., P. Vidal-Torrado, M. T. Garcia-Gonzaléz, X. L. Otero, and F. Macías. "Soil Mineralogy of Mangrove Forests from the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil." Soil Science Society of America Journal 72, no. 3 (May 2008): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0197.

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2

Chu, Ta-Jen, Chun-Han Shih, Yu-Ming Lu, Yi-Jia Shih, Jia-Qiao Wang, and Liang-Ming Huang. "Incorporating Species-Conditional Co-Occurrence When Selecting Indicator Species to Monitor Restoration after Mangrove Removal from the Siangshan Wetland, Taiwan." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101044.

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This paper presents an approach for incorporating species-conditional co-occurrence into models used for the selection of marine indicator species. Mangrove invasion within the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan, has changed the original structures and functions of habitats for benthic organisms. The Hsinchu City Government ran a large-scale mangrove removal project from October 2015 to March 2016 to restore the wetland. From October 2015 to September 2016, we investigated the biological effects of mangrove removal on benthic crabs and their adjacent habitats. Density, number of species, Shannon–Weaver index (H′) and Palou’s evenness index (J′) were calculated and compared between mangrove and non-mangrove regions. The results showed that values for these attributes in the non-mangrove regions were higher than those of the mangrove regions. After mangrove removal, species returned to their original habitats and the related density increased significantly. Using conditional co-occurrence algorithms, we identified five indicator species (Mictyris brevidactylus, Macrophthalmus banzai, Uca arcuata, Uca lacteal and Uca borealis) with high co-occurrence probabilities, whose population responses provided direct evidence of the benefits of mangrove removal for wetland restoration. The results indicate that mangrove removal is an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms, and that the chosen indicator species may provide valuable ecological information for coastal managers seeking to control the spread of mangroves.

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3

Chen, Yu-Chi, Ta-Jen Chu, Ju-Der Wei, and Chun-Han Shih. "Effects of mangrove removal on benthic organisms in the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan." PeerJ 6 (October 4, 2018): e5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5670.

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Mangrove degradation is a well-documented trend, but the spread of mangroves within the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan, runs contrary to that trend. The spread of mangroves changes the structure and functions of habitats for benthic organisms, causes infilling of estuaries and flooding and creates breeding grounds for small black mosquitoes. A large-scale mangrove-removal project was undertaken by the Hsinchu City Government from October 2015 to March 2016. They also investigated the consequences of mangrove removal on benthic organisms and adjacent habitats from October 2015 to September 2016, and the density, species count, Shannon–Wiener index (H′), and Pielou’s evenness index (J′) of the mangrove and non-mangrove regions were compared. In this study, we used satellite telemetry images to monitor fluctuations in mangrove density from 2006 to 2016. The non-mangrove region exhibited more variations than the mangrove region. After mangrove removal, species returned to their original habitats and noteworthy biological values significantly increased in the mangrove regions. This study presents evidence to argue that mangrove removal benefits benthic organisms. The results indicate that mangrove removal can be an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. The ecological findings of this study can inform coastal managers or other officials who seek to steward mangrove biomass.

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4

Bunting, Pete, Ake Rosenqvist, Richard Lucas, Lisa-Maria Rebelo, Lammert Hilarides, Nathan Thomas, Andy Hardy, Takuya Itoh, Masanobu Shimada, and C. Finlayson. "The Global Mangrove Watch—A New 2010 Global Baseline of Mangrove Extent." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101669.

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This study presents a new global baseline of mangrove extent for 2010 and has been released as the first output of the Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) initiative. This is the first study to apply a globally consistent and automated method for mapping mangroves, identifying a global extent of 137,600 km 2 . The overall accuracy for mangrove extent was 94.0% with a 99% likelihood that the true value is between 93.6–94.5%, using 53,878 accuracy points across 20 sites distributed globally. Using the geographic regions of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Asia has the highest proportion of mangroves with 38.7% of the global total, while Latin America and the Caribbean have 20.3%, Africa has 20.0%, Oceania has 11.9%, North America has 8.4% and the European Overseas Territories have 0.7%. The methodology developed is primarily based on the classification of ALOS PALSAR and Landsat sensor data, where a habitat mask was first generated, within which the classification of mangrove was undertaken using the Extremely Randomized Trees classifier. This new globally consistent baseline will also form the basis of a mangrove monitoring system using JAXA JERS-1 SAR, ALOS PALSAR and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 radar data to assess mangrove change from 1996 to the present. However, when using the product, users should note that a minimum mapping unit of 1 ha is recommended and that the error increases in regions of disturbance and where narrow strips or smaller fragmented areas of mangroves are present. Artefacts due to cloud cover and the Landsat-7 SLC-off error are also present in some areas, particularly regions of West Africa due to the lack of Landsat-5 data and persistence cloud cover. In the future, consideration will be given to the production of a new global baseline based on 10 m Sentinel-2 composites.

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5

Dan, T. T., C. F. Chen, S. H. Chiang, and S. Ogawa. "MAPPING AND CHANGE ANALYSIS IN MANGROVE FOREST BY USING LANDSAT IMAGERY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (June 7, 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-109-2016.

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Mangrove is located in the tropical and subtropical regions and brings good services for native people. Mangrove in the world has been lost with a rapid rate. Therefore, monitoring a spatiotemporal distribution of mangrove is thus critical for natural resource management. This research objectives were: (i) to map the current extent of mangrove in the West and Central Africa and in the Sundarbans delta, and (ii) to identify change of mangrove using Landsat data. The data were processed through four main steps: (1) data pre-processing including atmospheric correction and image normalization, (2) image classification using supervised classification approach, (3) accuracy assessment for the classification results, and (4) change detection analysis. Validation was made by comparing the classification results with the ground reference data, which yielded satisfactory agreement with overall accuracy 84.1% and Kappa coefficient of 0.74 in the West and Central Africa and 83.0% and 0.73 in the Sundarbans, respectively. The result shows that mangrove areas have changed significantly. In the West and Central Africa, mangrove loss from 1988 to 2014 was approximately 16.9%, and only 2.5% was recovered or newly planted at the same time, while the overall change of mangrove in the Sundarbans increased approximately by 900 km2 of total mangrove area. Mangrove declined due to deforestation, natural catastrophes deforestation and mangrove rehabilitation programs. The overall efforts in this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method used for investigating spatiotemporal changes of mangrove and the results could provide planners with invaluable quantitative information for sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems in these regions.

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6

Hidayah, Zainul. "Pemetaan Distribusi Ekosistem Mangrove di Wilayah Kota Surabaya dan Sidoarjo Memanfaatkan Citra Landsat TM-5 [Distribution Mapping of Mangrove Ecosystem in Surabaya and Sidoarjo by Using Landsat TM-5 Imagery]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v3i1.11664.

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Abstract Rapid developments on the coastal regions have become a major thread to mangrove ecosystems. The conversion of mangrove forest into fish ponds, housing and industrial sites make the area of this unique tropical ecosystem decline significantly in the last decade. To prevent further destruction of mangrove ecosystems due to human activities, conservation programs are needed. Therefore, information on mangrove's area as well as their distribution is needed. The main objective of this research was to demonstrate the ability of remote sensing and geographic information technology to provide reliable and accurate data on mangrove forest in Surabaya and thSidoarjo regions. A Landsat TM-5 imagery (acquisition date June 4 , 2009) data was utilized to produce the map. The results showed that in the 2009 period the area of mangrove forest in Surabaya and Sidoarjo was 378.19 Ha and 1236.42 Ha respectively. However, over 73.5% area of mangrove in Surabaya and 43.25% in Surabaya were under critical conditions. Anthropogenic factors and human influence were some of the main factors that cause the condition. Activities such as illegal and uncontrolled logging, conversion of mangrove's area and the lack of people's awareness in the importance of mangrove ecosystems were also problems that lead to the massive damage of mangrove forests.

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7

Dan, T. T., C. F. Chen, S. H. Chiang, and S. Ogawa. "MAPPING AND CHANGE ANALYSIS IN MANGROVE FOREST BY USING LANDSAT IMAGERY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (June 7, 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-8-109-2016.

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Mangrove is located in the tropical and subtropical regions and brings good services for native people. Mangrove in the world has been lost with a rapid rate. Therefore, monitoring a spatiotemporal distribution of mangrove is thus critical for natural resource management. This research objectives were: (i) to map the current extent of mangrove in the West and Central Africa and in the Sundarbans delta, and (ii) to identify change of mangrove using Landsat data. The data were processed through four main steps: (1) data pre-processing including atmospheric correction and image normalization, (2) image classification using supervised classification approach, (3) accuracy assessment for the classification results, and (4) change detection analysis. Validation was made by comparing the classification results with the ground reference data, which yielded satisfactory agreement with overall accuracy 84.1% and Kappa coefficient of 0.74 in the West and Central Africa and 83.0% and 0.73 in the Sundarbans, respectively. The result shows that mangrove areas have changed significantly. In the West and Central Africa, mangrove loss from 1988 to 2014 was approximately 16.9%, and only 2.5% was recovered or newly planted at the same time, while the overall change of mangrove in the Sundarbans increased approximately by 900 km2 of total mangrove area. Mangrove declined due to deforestation, natural catastrophes deforestation and mangrove rehabilitation programs. The overall efforts in this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method used for investigating spatiotemporal changes of mangrove and the results could provide planners with invaluable quantitative information for sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems in these regions.

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8

Xaverius, Fransiskus, Stanly Hence Dolfi Loppies, Kiman Siregar, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile, and Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani. "Geographic Information System of Primary Carbon Deposit of Mangrove Forest in Merauke District, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000011.

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Emission factors with increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) originating from various human activities are one of the causes of global climate change. The mangrove forest is a type of plant that has a great ability to absorb carbon in the atmosphere and store it in biomass through photosynthesis. Merauke Regency has 20 separate parts based on regional administration, but primary Mangrove forests are only found in ten regions (district). The results of research carried out using geographic information systems (GIS) in processing primary Mangrove forest data based on 2016 land cover map data in Merauke district, the area of primary mangrove forest reaches 184.402 ha, which is spread in various regions. With carbon deposits reaching 21 536 333 t ha-1-Carbon and Emission carbon dioxide reach 409 758.04 t ha-1.

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9

Hochard, Jacob P., Stuart Hamilton, and Edward B. Barbier. "Mangroves shelter coastal economic activity from cyclones." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (June 3, 2019): 12232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820067116.

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Mangroves shelter coastlines during hazardous storm events with coastal communities experiencing mangrove deforestation are increasingly vulnerable to economic damages resulting from cyclones. To date, the benefits of mangroves in terms of protecting coastal areas have been estimated only through individual case studies of specific regions or countries. Using spatially referenced data and statistical methods, we track from 2000 to 2012 the impact of cyclones on economic activity in coastal regions inhabited by nearly 2,000 tropical and subtropical communities across 23 major mangrove-holding countries. We use nighttime luminosity to represent temporal trends in coastal economic activity and find that direct cyclone exposure typically results in permanent loss of 5.4–6.7 mo for a community with an average mangrove extent (6.3 m per meter of coastline); whereas, a community with more extensive mangroves (25.6 m per meter of coastline) experiences a loss equivalent to 2.6–5.5 mo. These results suggest that mangrove restoration efforts for protective benefits may be more cost effective, and mangrove deforestation more damaging, than previously thought.

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10

Tan, Fengxiao, Weixi Li, Hui Feng, Yelin Huang, and Achyut Kumar Banerjee. "Interspecific variation and phylogenetic relationship between mangrove and non-mangrove species of a same family (Meliaceae)—insights from comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genome." PeerJ 11 (June 26, 2023): e15527. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15527.

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The mahogany family, Meliaceae, contains 58 genera with only one mangrove genus: Xylocarpus. Two of the three species of the genus Xylocarpus are true mangroves (X. granatum and X. moluccensis), and one is a non-mangrove (X. rumphii). In order to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between the mangrove and non-mangrove species, we sequenced chloroplast genomes of these Xylocarpus species along with two non-mangrove species of the Meliaceae family (Carapa guianensis and Swietenia macrophylla) and compared the genome features and variations across the five species. The five Meliaceae species shared 130 genes (85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and eight rRNA) with identical direction and order, with a few variations in genes and intergenic spacers. The repetitive sequences identified in the rpl22 gene region only occurred in Xylocarpus, while the repetitive sequences in accD were found in X. moluccensis and X. rumphii. The TrnH-GUG and rpl32 gene regions and four non-coding gene regions showed high variabilities between X. granatum and the two non-mangrove species (S. macrophylla and C. guianensis). In addition, among the Xylocarpus species, only two genes (accD and clpP) showed positive selection. Carapa guianensis and S. macrophylla owned unique RNA editing sites. The above genes played an important role in acclimation to different stress factors like heat, low temperature, high UV light, and high salinity. Phylogenetic analysis with 22 species in the order Sapindales supported previous studies, which revealed that the non-mangrove species X. rumphii is closer to X. moluccensis than X. granatum. Overall, our results provided important insights into the variation of genetic structure and adaptation mechanism at interspecific (three Xylocarpus species) and intergeneric (mangrove and non-mangrove genera) levels.

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11

Zhang, Xiaoxia, Pengzhi Lin, and Xinping Chen. "Coastal Protection by Planted Mangrove Forest during Typhoon Mangkhut." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091288.

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Mangroves provide many ecosystem services, including coastal protection against storm surges and waves. As an adaptive method for coastal defense, mangroves were widely restored and planted in tropical and subtropical regions, such as the coastal regions in Southeast Asia. Field surveys were conducted to quantify the nature-based coastal protection provided by a planted mangrove forest along the coasts of Shanwei, Guangdong Province, China, under typhoon influence. The resilience of mangrove trees was assessed under the impact of Typhoon Mangkhut (2018), which induced a maximum storm surge of 1.74 m with a maximum wave height of 1.16 m in the study area. The pre- and post-typhoon surveys and hydrodynamic measurements were conducted at a mudflat with planted mangroves. The wave height reduction reached 77% over 100 m wide mangrove forest. Our results suggest that a six-year-old planted mangrove forest with a ~100 m width might withstand a super typhoon impact and provide substantial protection for the fish ponds and embankments behind the mangrove forest. No uproots or deadly breakage of stems were observed in the mangrove forest, while severe defoliation was spotted for a small portion of trees in the study area, mainly along the wind path, the windward edge of the forest, and among the taller plants. Obvious sedimentation in the mangrove front and the tidal flat was observed during the typhoon Mangkhut (2018) and the entire typhoon season of 2018.

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Poungparn, Sasitorn, Akira Komiyama, Tanuwong Sangteian, Chatree Maknual, Pipat Patanaponpaiboon, and Vilanee Suchewaboripont. "High primary productivity under submerged soil raises the net ecosystem productivity of a secondary mangrove forest in eastern Thailand." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000132.

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The distribution of mangrove forests is limited to the coastal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, and their total area is far smaller than that of upland forests (Spalding et al. 2010). Mangrove forests often show unique patterns of biomass allocation and carbon dynamics because they are periodically submerged by tides (Komiyama et al. 2008). Therefore, the contribution of mangrove forests to the global carbon fixation process should be carefully evaluated even though their distribution area is limited.

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13

Saleky, Dandi, and Reny Sianturi. "Litterfall Production Of Mangrove." AGRICOLA 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/ag.v10i2.2736.

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Mangroves are plants that live in tidal or interface areas between terrestrial and marine ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems that have a very important role, especially for organisms, namely as a supplier of nutrients produced by mangrove litter. An observation regarding litter productivity is still limited in Papua, especially in the city of Merauke. The method used in this study is the transect method, using 3 (three) transects. Mangrove litter is taken by using a litter trap container placed under the mangrove tree. The results obtained from litter production in each transect are as follows transect 1 of 167.8 g/mÂ²/Month, Transect 2 of 65.4 g/mÂ²/Month, and Transect 60 g/mÂ²/Month while density mangrove in each transect 1 transect has a higher tree density value of 65 Ind/ mÂ² while in Transect 2 it has a total litter production of 32 Ind / mÂ² and the mangrove density value in Transect 3 is lower compared to stations 1 and 2 which are 25 Ind/mÂ².

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14

Li, Huiying, Mingming Jia, Rong Zhang, Yongxing Ren, and Xin Wen. "Incorporating the Plant Phenological Trajectory into Mangrove Species Mapping with Dense Time Series Sentinel-2 Imagery and the Google Earth Engine Platform." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212479.

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Information on mangrove species composition and distribution is key to studying functions of mangrove ecosystems and securing sustainable mangrove conservation. Even though remote sensing technology is developing rapidly currently, mapping mangrove forests at the species level based on freely accessible images is still a great challenge. This study built a Sentinel-2 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series (from 2017-01-01 to 2018-12-31) to represent phenological trajectories of mangrove species and then demonstrated the feasibility of phenology-based mangrove species classification using the random forest algorithm in the Google Earth Engine platform. It was found that (i) in Zhangjiang estuary, the phenological trajectories (NDVI time series) of different mangrove species have great differences; (ii) the overall accuracy and Kappa confidence of the classification map is 84% and 0.84, respectively; and (iii) Months in late winter and early spring play critical roles in mangrove species mapping. This is the first study to use phonological signatures in discriminating mangrove species. The methodology presented can be used as a practical guideline for the mapping of mangrove or other vegetation species in other regions. However, future work should pay attention to various phenological trajectories of mangrove species in different locations.

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15

Bunting, Pete, Lammert Hilarides, Ake Rosenqvist, Richard M. Lucas, Edmond Kuto, Yakhya Gueye, and Laye Ndiaye. "Global Mangrove Watch: Monthly Alerts of Mangrove Loss for Africa." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082050.

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Current mangrove mapping efforts, such as the Global Mangrove Watch (GMW), have focused on providing one-off or annual maps of mangrove forests, while such maps may be most useful for reporting regional, national and sub-national extent of mangrove forests, they may be of more limited use for the day-to-day management of mangroves and for supporting the Global Mangrove Alliance (GMA) goal of halting global mangrove loss. To this end, a prototype change mangrove loss alert system has been developed to identify mangrove losses on a monthly basis. Implemented on the Microsoft Planetary Computer, the Global Mangrove Watch v3.0 mangrove baseline extent map for 2018 was refined and used to define the mangrove extent mask under which potential losses would be identified. The study period was from 2018 to 2022 due to the availability of Sentinel-2 imagery used for the study. The mangrove loss alert system is based on optimised normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) thresholds used to identify mangrove losses and a temporal scoring system to filter false positives. The mangrove loss alert system was found to have an estimated overall accuracy of 92.1%, with the alert commission and omission estimated to be 10.4% and 20.6%, respectively. Africa was selected for the mangrove loss alert system prototype, where significant losses were identified in the study period, with 90% of the mangrove loss alerts identified in Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Mozambique and Guinea. The primary drivers of these losses ranged from economic activities that dominated West Africa and Northern East Africa (mainly agricultural conversion and infrastructure development) to climatic in Southern East Africa (primarily storm frequency and intensity). The production of the monthly mangrove loss alerts for Africa will be continued as part of the wider Global Mangrove Watch project, and the spatial coverage is expected to be expanded to other regions over the coming months and years. The mangrove loss alerts will be published on the Global Mangrove Watch online portal and updated monthly.

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16

Ohji, Madoka, Hiroya Harino, Ken-ichi Hayashizaki, Koji Inoue, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, and Shuhei Nishida. "Accumulation of organotin compounds on mangroves in coastal ecosystems." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 06 (May 31, 2019): 1247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000262.

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AbstractTo elucidate the details of both the current status of contamination and the accumulation of organotin compounds (OTs) in mangroves in coastal ecosystems, we determined the concentrations of butyltin compounds (BTs) and phenyltin compounds (PTs) in sediment and mangrove leaves collected from mangrove forests in Merambong and Tinggi Island, Malaysia. Butyltins were detected in all sediment samples collected from both regions, whereas PTs were not detected. The levels of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in the sediment samples were lower than those from previous studies conducted in Malaysia and at other sites in South-east Asia. In both Merambong and Tinggi Island, the average proportions of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), which are degradation products of TBT, were ~70%. This result suggests that the input of TBT has decreased in Malaysia. The proportions of DBT and MBT in the sediment from Merambong were higher than those from Tinggi Island. The concentrations of TBT in mangrove leaves from Tinggi Island were significantly higher than those from Merambong. MBT was the most dominant type among the BTs in mangrove leaves from both Merambong and Tinggi Island. The ratios of the BTs burden in mangrove leaves to the BTs concentration in sediment from Merambong and Tinggi Island averaged 3.1 and 6.2, respectively. Among the values of BTs, the MBT values were found to be the highest in both regions.

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17

Hu, Tianyu, YingYing Zhang, Yanjun Su, Yi Zheng, Guanghui Lin, and Qinghua Guo. "Mapping the Global Mangrove Forest Aboveground Biomass Using Multisource Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101690.

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Mangrove forest ecosystems are distributed at the land–sea interface in tropical and subtropical regions and play an important role in carbon cycles and biodiversity. Accurately mapping global mangrove aboveground biomass (AGB) will help us understand how mangrove ecosystems are affected by the impacts of climatic change and human activities. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) techniques have been proven to accurately capture the three-dimensional structure of mangroves and LiDAR can estimate forest AGB with high accuracy. In this study, we produced a global mangrove forest AGB map for 2004 at a 250-m resolution by combining ground inventory data, spaceborne LiDAR, optical imagery, climate surfaces, and topographic data with random forest, a machine learning method. From the published literature and free-access datasets of mangrove biomass, we selected 342 surface observations to train and validate the mangrove AGB estimation model. Our global mangrove AGB map showed that average global mangrove AGB density was 115.23 Mg/ha, with a standard deviation of 48.89 Mg/ha. Total global AGB storage within mangrove forests was 1.52 Pg. Cross-validation with observed data demonstrated that our mangrove AGB estimates were reliable. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were 0.48 and 75.85 Mg/ha, respectively. Our estimated global mangrove AGB storage was similar to that predicted by previous remote sensing methods, and remote sensing approaches can overcome overestimates from climate-based models. This new biomass map provides information that can help us understand the global mangrove distribution, while also serving as a baseline to monitor trends in global mangrove biomass.

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18

Zhang, Ying, Hai-Li Li, Jun-Di Zhong, Yun Wang, and Chang-Chun Yuan. "Chloroplast Genome Sequences and Comparative Analyses of Combretaceae Mangroves with Related Species." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5867673.

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In the Combretaceae family, only two species of Lumnitzera and one species of Laguncularia belong to mangroves. Among them, Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt. is an endangered mangrove plant in China for the limited occurrence and seed abortion. In contrast, Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. is known as the most widespread mangrove plant in China. Laguncularia racemosa C. F. Gaertn., an exotic mangrove in China, has the fast growth and high adaptation ability. To better understand the phylogenetic positions of these mangroves in Combretaceae and in Myrtales and to provide information for studies on evolutionary adaptation for intertidal habitat, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of Lu. racemosa and La. racemosa were sequenced. Furthermore, we present here the results from the assembly and annotation of the two cp genomes, which were further subjected to the comparative analysis with Lu. littorea cp genomes we published before and other eleven closely related species within Myrtales. The chloroplast genomes of the three Combretaceae mangrove species: Lu. littorea, Lu. racemosa, and La. racemosa are 159,687 bp, 159,473 bp, and 158,311 bp in size. All three cp genomes host 130 genes including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs. A comparative analysis of those three genomes revealed the high similarity of genes in coding-regions and conserved gene order in the IR and LSC/SSC regions. The differences between Lumnitzera and Laguncularia cp genomes are the locations of rps19 and rpl2 genes in the IR/SC boundary regions. Investigating the effects of selection events on shared protein-coding genes showed a relaxed selection had acted on the ycf2, ycf1, and matK genes of Combretaceae mangroves compared to the nonmangrove species Eucalyptus aromaphloia. The phylogenetic analysis based on the whole chloroplast genome sequence with one outgroup species strongly supported three Combretaceae mangroves together with other two Combretaceae species formed a cluster in Combretaceae. This study is the first report on the comparative analysis of three Combretaceae mangrove chloroplast genomes, which will provide the significant information for understanding photosynthesis and evolution in Combretaceae mangrove plants.

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19

Prasad, Kulkarni, Kulkarni Shraddha, and Aphale Priti. "SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION OF MANGROVE FORESTS AT RAIGAD DISTRICT COAST, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA." Journal of Global Resources 9, no. 01 (January 18, 2023): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46587/jgr.2023.v09i01.008.

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Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems with carbon sequestration rate almost equivalent to tropical green forests. Mangroves distribute proportionally more carbon below ground and possess higher below to above ground carbon mass ratio as compared to any other forests (Kathiresen, 2004). Mangrove is amongst the most carbon rich biomes containing more than 950 tC/H. The said study overlooks destructive and non-destructive methods of the carbon sequestration. It is conducted as a comparative assessment of the carbon sequestration potential of mangrove and non-mangrove regions. By means of methodology of calculating Soil Bulk Density (gcm -3) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in mangroves soils (El Wakeel and Riley, 1956) and Carbon Sequestration Rate (CSR) is estimated based on the sediment rates and TOC content of the soil (Duan Xiaonan et al (2008). The systematic assessment conducted at West Coast of Maharashtra; shows mangrove region with Avicinnia marina species and in non–mangrove region total carbon in soil (%) recorded 17.15% and 4.52 percent respectively. Total Soil Carbon Stock recorded is 431 million g / Ha at mangrove region and 105.7 million g / Ha at non mangrove region. After methodical estimation of biomass and carbon stock of mangroves (English et.al, 1997 and Kaufman and Donato, 2012), total carbon stock of mangrove stand was recorded 393.14 mg/Ha and that of non-mangrove stand was recorded to be 91.7 mg/Ha. It shows that mangroves absorb almost 315.14 percent more carbon than non-mangrove region. In other words, carbon stock in Avicinnia marina stand found to be almost 3 times more than non-mangrove zone.

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Cui, Xiaowei, Weimin Song, Jianxiang Feng, Dai Jia, Jiemin Guo, Zhonglei Wang, Hao Wu, Fei Qi, Jie Liang, and Guanghui Lin. "Increased nitrogen input enhances Kandelia obovata seedling growth in the presence of invasive Spartina alterniflora in subtropical regions of China." Biology Letters 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 20160760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0760.

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Mangroves in China are severely affected by the rapid invasion of the non-native species Spartina alterniflora . Although many studies have addressed the possible impacts of S. alterniflora on the performance of mangrove seedlings, how excessive nitrogen (N) input due to eutrophication affects the interactions between mangrove species and S. alterniflora remains unknown. Here, we report the results from a mesocosm experiment using seedlings of the native mangrove species Kandelia obovata and the exotic S. alterniflora grown in monoculture and mixed culture under no nitrogen addition and nitrogen (N) addition treatments for 18 months. Without N addition, the presence of S. alterniflora inhibited the growth of K. obovata seedlings. Excessive N addition significantly increased the growth rate of K. obovata in both cultures. However, the positive and significantly increasing relative interaction intensity index under excessive N input suggested that the invasion of S. alterniflora could favour the growth of K. obovata under eutrophication conditions. Our results imply that excessive N input in southeastern China can increase the competitive ability of mangrove seedlings against invasive S. alterniflora .

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Son, Ha Tri, Nguyen Hai Hoa, and Vu Van Truong. "MANGROVE COVER-BASED VEGETATION INDICES MAPPING USING PLANETSCOPE DATA IN TIEN YEN DISTRICT QUANG NINH PROVINCE." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, no. 15 (2023): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.2023.15.127-138.

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This study focused on mangrove cover mapping by using vegetation indices in Tien Yen district. Mangrove ecosystems play a vital role in many coastal regions, protecting against erosion and storm surges, providing nursery habitats of aquatic organisms, and offering livelihoods to local communities. Besides, this study aims to evaluate the use of PlanetScope data based on vegetation indices for mapping mangrove cover. This study collected and analyzed high-resolution PlanetScope satellite imagery (3m x 3m) to calculate eight different vegetation indices, including CMRI, NDVI, NDWI, GNDVI, BNDVI, SAVI, IPVI, and EVI2. These indices were used to map the mangrove cover in Tien Yen District and to evaluate the accuracy of each vegetation index. The results showed that among all of the indices used, NDVI had the highest accuracy of 96.3% in mapping the mangrove cover in Tien Yen district, followed by CMRI. Besides, the study emphasizes the importance of utilizing remote sensing techniques in supporting conservation efforts and establish sustainable management practices for mangrove forests in Tien Yen district. Additionally, the study presents an overview of the current situation and policy recommendations for the integrated management of mangrove forests, and provides information on sustainable mangrove ecosystem management in the context of climate change adaptation and mitigation in Tien Yen district, Quang Ninh province.

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Chen, Xiaohua, Yuechao Yang, Donghui Zhang, Xusheng Li, Yu Gao, Lifu Zhang, Daming Wang, Jianhua Wang, Jin Wang, and Jin Huang. "Response Mechanism of Leaf Area Index and Main Nutrient Content in Mangrove Supported by Hyperspectral Data." Forests 14, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040754.

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Mangrove is the key vegetation in the transitional zone between land and sea, and its health assessment can indicate the deep-level ecological information. The LAI and six key nutrients of mangrove were selected as quantitative evaluation indicators, and the decisive evaluation method of mangrove growth was expected. The mangrove reserve of Dongzhai Port National Nature Reserve in Hainan Province, China, was selected as the study area, with an area of 17.71 km2. The study area was divided into adjacent urban areas, aquaculture areas, and agricultural production areas, and key indicators are extracted from satellite hyperspectral data. The extraction process includes spectral data preprocessing, spectral transformation, spectral combination, spectral modeling, and precision inspection. The spatial distribution of LAI and six key nutrient components of mangrove in the study area were obtained. LAI and Chla need to calculate the index after high-order differentiation of the spectrum; MSTR and Chlb need to calculate the envelope after the second-order differential of the spectrum; TN and TP are directly changed by original or exponential spectrum; the spectral transformation method adopted by TK was homogenization after first-order differential. The results of the strength of nutrient content along the three regions show that there was no significant difference in the retrieval index of mangroves in the three regions, and the overall health level of mangroves was consistent. Chla was the key identification component of mangrove growth and health. The contents of nutrient elements with correlation coefficient exceeding 0.80 include MSTR and TK (0.98), Chla and TP (0.96), Chla and TK (0.87), MSTR and Chla (0.86), MSTR and TK (0.83), and MSTR and TP (0.81). The study quantifies the relationship between different LAI and nutrient content of mangrove leaves from the perspectives of water, leaf biology, and chemical elements, which improved our understanding of the relationship between key components during mangrove growth for the first time.

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Schürholz, Daniel, Gustavo Adolfo Castellanos-Galindo, Elisa Casella, Juan Carlos Mejía-Rentería, and Arjun Chennu. "Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Mapping Cover and Counting Trees from Aerial Images of a Mangrove Forest Using Artificial Intelligence." Remote Sensing 15, no. 13 (June 29, 2023): 3334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133334.

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Mangrove forests provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities across tropical and subtropical regions. Current anthropogenic stressors threaten these ecosystems and urge researchers to create improved monitoring methods for better environmental management. Recent efforts that have focused on automatically quantifying the above-ground biomass using image analysis have found some success on high resolution imagery of mangrove forests that have sparse vegetation. In this study, we focus on stands of mangrove forests with dense vegetation consisting of the endemic Pelliciera rhizophorae and the more widespread Rhizophora mangle mangrove species located in the remote Utría National Park in the Colombian Pacific coast. Our developed workflow used consumer-grade Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery of the mangrove forests, from which large orthophoto mosaics and digital surface models are built. We apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for instance segmentation to accurately delineate (33% instance average precision) individual tree canopies for the Pelliciera rhizophorae species. We also apply CNNs for semantic segmentation to accurately identify (97% precision and 87% recall) the area coverage of the Rhizophora mangle mangrove tree species as well as the area coverage of surrounding mud and water land-cover classes. We provide a novel algorithm for merging predicted instance segmentation tiles of trees to recover tree shapes and sizes in overlapping border regions of tiles. Using the automatically segmented ground areas we interpolate their height from the digital surface model to generate a digital elevation model, significantly reducing the effort for ground pixel selection. Finally, we calculate a canopy height model from the digital surface and elevation models and combine it with the inventory of Pelliciera rhizophorae trees to derive the height of each individual mangrove tree. The resulting inventory of a mangrove forest, with individual P. rhizophorae tree height information, as well as crown shape and size descriptions, enables the use of allometric equations to calculate important monitoring metrics, such as above-ground biomass and carbon stocks.

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Jia, Peihong, Weida Huang, Zhouyao Zhang, Jiaxuan Cheng, and Yulong Xiao. "The Carbon Sink of Mangrove Ecological Restoration between 1988–2020 in Qinglan Bay, Hainan Island, China." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101547.

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As the world’s largest reactive carbon reservoir, the ocean plays a critical role in global climate change. Among coastal plant ecosystems, mangroves have the highest carbon storage efficiency and are prone to the impact of anthropogenic activities. In this study, taking the mangrove wetland of Qinglan Bay as an example, we extracted information on mangrove coastal surface change from 1988 to 2020 based on multi-temporal Landsat remote sensing data through field ground surveys and laboratory analysis and used the InVEST model to calculate the spatial and temporal structure of blue carbon in the mangrove area to investigate the effects of mangrove change in an ecological restoration context. The result shows that the overall area of mangrove forests exhibited a decreasing trend from 1988 to 2020, and the area of mangroves decreased from 1559.34 ha to 737.37 ha of which 52.71% was transformed into aquiculture, construction, and farm land. Accordingly, the mangrove carbon sinks from 1988 to 2020 were significantly reduced and the carbon stock decreased at an annual tendency from 1,025,901.71 tons to 712,118.69 tons. With the implementation of mangrove restoration, the decline of mangrove forests has decreased since 2003, promoting the stabilization and enhancement of carbon sinks in the mangrove wetlands of Qinglan Bay. The results of this study provide a technical method to evaluate the carbon sink contribution of mangrove wetland restoration in Hainan Province, a scientific basis and methodological innovation to monitor the carbon sink of mangrove cover change in larger regions of China, a theoretical basis to select criteria for mangrove restoration, and a scientific and systematic management strategy for ecological and mangrove restoration on Hainan Island.

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Shiau, Yo-Jin, and Chih-Yu Chiu. "Biogeochemical Processes of C and N in the Soil of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems." Forests 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050492.

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The mangrove forest provides various ecosystem services in tropical and subtropical regions. Many of these services are driven by the biogeochemical cycles of C and N, and soil is the major reservoir for these chemical elements. These cycles may be influenced by the changing climate. The high plant biomass in mangrove forests makes these forests an important sink for blue C storage. However, anaerobic soil conditions may also turn mangrove forests into an environmentally detrimental producer of greenhouse gases (such as CH4 and N2O), especially as air temperatures increase. In addition, the changing environmental factors associated with climate change may also influence the N cycles and change the patterns of N2 fixation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and denitrification processes. This review summarizes the biogeochemical processes of C and N cycles in mangrove forest soils based on recently published studies, and how these processes may respond to climate change, with the aim of predicting the impacts of climate change on the mangrove forest ecosystem.

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Myint, Kyi Kyi. "Socio-economics of mangrove ecosystem in South-eastern Ayeyarwady Delta area of Myanmar." Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology 8, no. 6 (2019): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2019.08.00266.

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Coastal communities are dependent on the resources available in mangrove ecosystems. The loss of these ecosystems would mean local, national and global welfare losses. Healthy mangrove ecosystems were related with integrated ecological and economical processes by local people. In the present study, uses of mangroves, products and the fishery status of local areas have been studied. The mangrove forests from the study areas provide charcoal, firewood, food and some medicinal plants for local people. To assess the economic value of the regions, the local people from three villages who lived in and near the mangrove forest were questioned and documented. The households studied were categorized into three groups such as poor, middle and rich class and then their monthly income and kinds of jobs studied. The products and works based on mangrove forest and water ways of study areas were the production of Nipa thatches, dried fishes, dried shrimp, nga-pi, pickled shrimp, shrimp sauce and charcoals.

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Winarno, Sigit, Hefni Effendi, and Ario Damar. "DAMAGE LEVEL AND CLAIMED VALUE ESTIMATION OF DAMAGE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN BINTAN BAY, BINTAN DISTRICT." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, no. 1 (November 11, 2016): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v8i1.12500.

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ABSTRACTMangrove ecosystem in some regions of the Bintan Bay has suffered damage due to development of human settlements, developing of land transport infrastructure, and also logging by the community. The aim of this study was to assess the level of damage, factors affecting the damage, and to calculate the estimated value of claims for damaged mangrove ecosystem in the Bintan Bay, Bintan District. The results showed that mangrove vegetation in Bintan Bay consists of 16 species. Based on the analysis of standard criteria and guidelines for mangrove destruction KEPMENLH 201, 2004, the quality of mangroves in Bintan Bay was considered in a good criteria (very dense and medium) and damaged criteria (rare). The observation of satellite images from 1990 to 2013 showed that mangrove area decreased by 501.39 hectares or 27.1%. Contributing factor due to the decrease of mangrove trees was to fuel the manufacture of charcoal, construction of infrastructures such as roads, ports of fishing boats and also the establishment of the fish pond. Based on rehabilitation application scenario for 15 years, the total area of compensated mangrove due to its damage was 1091.727 hectares with rehabilitation cost of about Rp 30.372.391.000,00. Meanwhile, for 30 years scenario rehabilitation, the total damage mangrove area that should be compensated was 1743.406 hectares. Keywords : Bintan Bay, mangrove ecosystem, estimated value damage claims

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Bhowmik, Avit K., Rajchandar Padmanaban, Pedro Cabral, and Maria M. Romeiras. "Global Mangrove Deforestation and Its Interacting Social-Ecological Drivers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 4433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084433.

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Globally, mangrove forests are substantially declining, and a globally synthesized database containing the drivers of deforestation and drivers’ interactions is scarce. Here, we synthesized the key social-ecological drivers of global mangrove deforestation by reviewing about two hundred published scientific studies over the last four decades (from 1980 to 2021). Our focus was on both natural and anthropogenic drivers with their gradual and abrupt impacts and on their geographic coverage of effects, and how these drivers interact. We also summarized the patterns of global mangrove coverage decline between 1990 and 2020 and identified the threatened mangrove species. Our consolidated studies reported an 8600 km2 decline in the global mangrove coverage between 1990 and 2020, with the highest decline occurring in South and Southeast Asia (3870 km2). We could identify 11 threatened mangrove species, two of which are critically endangered (Sonneratia griffithii and Bruguiera hainseii). Our reviewed studies pointed to aquaculture and agriculture as the predominant driver of global mangrove deforestation though their impacts varied across global regions. Gradual climate variations, i.e., sea-level rise, long-term precipitation, and temperature changes and driven coastline erosion, salinity intrusion and acidity at coasts, constitute the second major group of drivers. Our findings underline a strong interaction across natural and anthropogenic drivers, with the strongest interaction between the driver groups aquaculture and agriculture and industrialization and pollution. Our results suggest prioritizing globally coordinated empirical studies linking drivers and mangrove deforestation and global development of policies for mangrove conservation.

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Yang, Dan, Jingchun Liu, Weiwei Zhao, Qi Huang, Liyang Xue, Chongling Yan, and Haoliang Lu. "Iron mineralogy and speciation of sediment iron-bearing minerals in mangrove forest: Case study of Zhangjiang estuary, China." Marine Pollution Bulletin 151 (February 2020): 110800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110800.

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Zhen, Jianing, Jingjuan Liao, and Guozhuang Shen. "Mapping Mangrove Forests of Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve in China Using Landsat 8 and Radarsat-2 Polarimetric SAR Data." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114012.

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Mangrove forests are distributed in intertidal regions that act as a “natural barrier” to the coast. They have enormous ecological, economic, and social value. However, the world’s mangrove forests are declining under immense pressure from anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Accurate information regarding mangrove forests is essential for their protection and restoration. The main objective of this study was to develop a method to improve the classification of mangrove forests using C-band quad-pol Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data (Radarsat-2) and optical data (Landsat 8), and to analyze the spectral and backscattering signatures of mangrove forests. We used a support vector machine (SVM) classification method to classify the land use in Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve (HDNNR). The results showed that the overall accuracy using only optical information was 83.5%. Classification accuracy was improved to a varying extent by the addition of different radar data. The highest overall accuracy was 95.0% based on a combination of SAR and optical data. The area of mangrove forest in the reserve was found to be 1981.7 ha, as determined from the group with the highest classification accuracy. Combining optical data with SAR data could improve the classification accuracy and be significant for mangrove forest conservation.

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Perea-Ardila, M. A., F. Oviedo-Barrero, and J. Leal-Villamil. "Cartografía de bosques de manglar mediante imágenes de sensores remotos: estudio de caso Buenaventura, Colombia." Revista de Teledetección, no. 53 (June 27, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2019.11684.

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Mangroves are plant communities of high ecological and economic importance for coastal regions. This investigation provides a methodology for mapping Mangrove forests through remote sensing images in a semidetail scale (1:25,000) in a sector of the municipality of Buenaventura, Colombia. A Sentinel 2 image and 2017 highresolution ortophotomosaic of the municipality were used for the mangrove cartography, using QGIS software, spectral analysis was performed and supervised classification was established using Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Results shown that mangrove is the most representative cover in the study area whit 7,264.21 ha in total extension (59.21% of total area), the development classification got a thematic accuracy of 80% and 0.70 in Kappa index. The used methodology can be used as an academic and research reference for mangrove semi-detail mapping in the world.

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Raju Aluri, Jacob Solomon. "Reproductive Ecology of Mangrove Flora: Conservation and Management." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 133–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0026.

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ABSTRACT Mangroves are dynamic and unique inter-tidal ecosystems, common in tropical and subtropical coastal environments. They are among the world’s most productive ecosystems and are important in protecting coasts from erosion by fierce tides, in promoting the diversity of marine organisms and fisheries by contributing a quantity of food and providing favourable habitats for animals. These economic uses of mangroves indicate that they play an important role in the lives and economies in the coastal regions of different countries. Mangrove forests are under immense threat worldwide due to their multiple economic uses and alterations of freshwater inflows by various upstream activities in catchment areas. Mangrove plants with unique adaptations play a crucial role in sustaining life in mangrove forests. Their reproductive biology is central to understanding the structural and functional components of mangrove forests. The success of sexual reproduction and subsequent population expansion in mangrove plants is linked to flowering timings, pollinators and tidal currents. Viviparous and cryptoviviparous plants are true mangroves while non-viviparous ones are mangrove associates. The dispersal propagule is seedling in viviparous and non-viviparous plants while it is seed in nonviviparous plants. In this study, viviparous and crypto-viviparous species were included for study. These species are self-compatible, self-pollinating and also cross-pollinating; such a breeding system is a requirement for the success of sexual reproduction and subsequent build up and expansion of population. They are entomophilous in the study region. The viviparous plants include Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and B. cylindrica. The non-viviparous plants include Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum and Aegialitis rotundifolia. Sexual reproduction and regeneration events are annual in these plants and are dependent on local insects, tidal currents and nutrient content in estuarine environment. In recent times, erratic and insufficient rainfall together with industrial pollutants released into rivers is causing negative effects on the growth, development and regeneration of mangrove flora. In effect, there is a gradual decrease in mangrove cover. Added to this is continuous exploitation of mangrove plants for fuel wood, creation of shelters for cattle and changes for industrial establishments and aquaculture development in estuarine regions. As a consequence, the existing mangrove cover is struggling to survive and also not in a position to support local needs and provide livelihood opportunities through fishery resources. Further, reduced mangrove cover is showing catastrophic effects on fishing communities who live along the shore line during the period of cyclonic surges and tsunami events.

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Saenger, P. "Mangrove vegetation: an evolutionary perspective." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97139.

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The world-wide occurrence of mangrove vegetation and the modern floristic divergence between the Indo–Pacific and the Atlantic mangroves, can only be explained by historical processes, in that the composition of the modern mangrove flora at any one location, while subject to present-day climatic and geographical conditions, is largely relict. Although several interpretations have been offered to relate mangrove distributions to past events, none has been universally accepted. What is explored here, is that there are several historical and modern processes which in combination, have resulted in the present day distribution of mangroves. Evolutionary processes are reviewed from the fossil record and from the data on continental drift. Next, the ecological processes that are selectively acting on the various species and their distributions are examined with particular emphasis on aridity, temperature and latitudinal attentuation of species. Finally, some modern anthropogenic processes (e.g. species introductions, over-exploitation and habitat modification, afforestation) are examined in terms of their effects on mangrove distribution. As an outcome of these various processes, the modern mangrove vegetation is analysed particularly in relation to regions of endemism, vicariance among species, discontinuous distributions, hybridization and divergence. Finally, some speculation is offered in terms of future trends and evolutionary possibilities.

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Shilpi, J. A., M. E. Islam, M. Billah, K. M. D. Islam, F. Sabrin, S. J. Uddin, L. Nahar, and S. D. Sarker. "Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antipyretic Activity of Mangrove Plants: A Mini Review." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/576086.

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Mangrove plants are specialised plants that grow in the tidal coasts of tropic and subtropic regions of the world. Their unique ecology and traditional medicinal uses of mangrove plants have attracted the attention of researchers over the years, and as a result, reports on biological activity of mangrove plants have increased significantly in recent years. This review has been set out to compile and appraise the results on antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity of mangrove plants. While the Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and PubMed were the starting points to gather information, other pieces of relevant published literature were also adequately explored for this purpose. A total of 29 reports on 17 plant species have been found to report such activities. While 19 reports were on the biological activity of the crude extracts, 10 reports identified the active compound(s) of various chemical classes of natural products including terpenes, steroids, and flavonoids. This review finds that antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity appears to be widespread in mangrove plants.

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Karsch, Gwendolyn, Sharif A. Mukul, and Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava. "Annual Mangrove Vegetation Cover Changes (2014–2020) in Indian Sundarbans National Park Using Landsat 8 and Google Earth Engine." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 5592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065592.

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Mangrove ecosystems have high ecological and economic value mainly because of their ability to sequester large amounts of carbon and protect shorelines. Monitoring such ecosystems with earth observation data analytics is necessary to achieve deeper insight and subsequent conservation strategies. The Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest, and Sundarbans National Park is a part of this world-famous mangrove forest in India. To examine vegetation change in this region, we used a planetary-scale tool, the Google Earth Engine. A time series of the surface reflectance product of Landsat 8 between 2014 and 2020 was analysed using annual median images. NDVI and dNDVI were derived to monitor vegetation cover change. While we noticed no major changes in the vegetation cover throughout the study area, the coastal regions, especially the southern end, showed significant changes. There were both mangrove vegetation gains due to land accretion and mangrove loss due to erosion and cyclone damage. This study will be useful for long-term monitoring of the imperiled Sundarbans ecosystem to measure any major changes.

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Nguyen, Long Duc, Cuong Trong Nguyen, Hoa Sy Le, and Bao Quang Tran. "Mangrove Mapping and Above-Ground Biomass Change Detection using Satellite Images in Coastal Areas of Thai Binh Province, Vietnam." Forest and Society 3, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v3i2.7326.

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Mangroves are recognized as a highly valuable resource due to their provision of multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, mangrove ecosystems mapping and monitoring is a crucial objective, especially for tropical regions. Thai Binh province is one of the most important mangrove ecosystems in Vietnam. The mangrove ecosystem in this province has faced threats of deforestation from urban development, land reclamation, tourism activities, and natural disasters. Recently, to maintain the fundamental functions of the ecosystems, a large mangrove area was planted in Thai Binh. The aim of this research is to detect the change in the mangrove areas and to create an aboveground biomass map for mangrove forests in Thai Binh province. Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images from 1998 to 2018 were analysed using the supervised classification method to detect mangrove area change. Mangrove Above-ground Biomass (AGB) was estimated using linear regression between vegetation indices and field AGB survey. The accuracy assessment for the classified images of 1998, 2003 and 2007, 2013 and 2018 are 93%, 86%, 96%, 94% and 91% respectively with kappa of 0.8881, 0.7953, 0.9357, 0.9114 and 0.8761. The mangrove cover in the study area was estimated at 5874.93 ha in 1998. This figure decreased significantly to 4433.85 ha in 2007, before recovery began to take place in the study area, which was estimated at 6587.88 ha in 2018. In 1998, the average AGB in this study area was 22.57 ton/ha, and in 2018 it was 37.74 ton/ha with a standard error of 12.41 ton/ha and the root mean square error (RMSE) was ±12.08 ton/ha.

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Setti, M., A. Lόpez-Galindo, M. Padoan, and E. Garzanti. "Clay mineralogy in southern Africa river muds." Clay Minerals 49, no. 5 (December 2014): 717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2014.049.5.08.

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AbstractThe composition, morphology and crystal order of clay minerals in silt-sized sediments carried in suspensions from 25 major rivers across tropical southern Africa have been studied by X-ray diffractometry and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Our goal was to determine the spatial variability of clay-mineral associations in diverse geological settings, and in climatic conditions ranging from humid Angola and Zambia to hyperarid Namibia and the Kalahari. Specific attention was paid to the micromorphology and chemical composition of smectite particles. The relative abundance of smectites, illite/mica, kaolinite and chlorite enabled identification of regions characterized by different physical and chemical processes: (1) negligible chemical weathering is documented in Namibia, where river muds mostly contain illite/mica or smectite derived from Damara metasedimentary or Etendeka volcanic rocks; (2) kaolinite documenting intense weathering, reaches a maximum in the Okavango, Kwando and Upper Zambezi, sourced in subequatorial Angola and Zambia; (3) suspended-load muds in the Limpopo and middle Zambezi catchments display intermediate features, with varied assemblages and smectite compositions reflecting diverse parent lithologies. Clay mineralogy and chemical composition are confirmed as a most effective tool to unravel present and past climatic conditions on a continental scale.

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Azhari, Arif, Muhammad Yogi Saputra, Muhammad Raffi Zakaria, Debora Silalahi, Welldone Sartika, Hamdiyah Fuola Zeri Hasibuan, Rahmat Kurniawan, Sena Maulana, Syaikhul Aziz, and Sukrasno Sukrasno. "Potential Antioxidant Constituent from Leaf of Rhizophora apiculata an Typical Mangrove at Lempasing, South Lampung Coast." Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/jstk.v4i2.3631.

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The mangrove woodland is a distinct bush or brine habitat characterized by a coastal sedimentation environment in which fine sediment (often rich in organic matter) accumulates in areas protected from high energy waves. Mangrove forests thrive on the coasts of tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Mangrove forest is a complex ecosystem that has a high diversity of plants, microorganisms, and animals. One of them is the Oil Mangrove (R. apiculata) which grows well on the coast of Lampung. This plant is hard, rich in tannins, and dense, mainly used to make charcoal and firewood. This plant traditionally used to treat diarrhea and nausea. Mangrove plants are tolerant to high salt levels, this special trait is due to the presence of secondary metabolites produced in response to various environmental stresses. Flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids are secondary metabolites produced by mangrove plants. Secondary metabolite compounds from mangroves have bioactivity such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer. Exploration of secondary metabolites from mangroves, especially oil mangroves locally named as Bakau Minyak, which are widely grown in the Lempasing area, coastal Lampung for the development of medicinal compounds, has not been intensely reported. This investigation aims to study the potential phytochemicals profile of R. apiculata’s leaf as an antioxidant

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39

Giri, Chandra. "Recent Advancement in Mangrove Forests Mapping and Monitoring of the World Using Earth Observation Satellite Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040563.

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40

Mahasani, I. Gusti Agung Indah, Nuryani Widagti, and I. Wayan Gede Astawa Karang. "Estimasi Persentase Karbon Organik Di Hutan Mangrove Bekas Tambak, Perancak, Jembrana, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 1, no. 1 (September 11, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2015.v1.i01.14-18.

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Mangrove forests in the coastal regions are very effective and efficient in reducing the concentration carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, because mangroves can absorb CO2 through photosynthesis by diffusion through the stomata and then store carbon in the form of biomass. The purpose of this study, namely: (1) Determine the percentage of organic carbon in the soil in former mangrove forest ponds in Perancak and (2) Determine the vertical variation of the percentage of organic carbon stored in soils in former mangrove forest ponds in Perancak. The method used from this study is the loss on ignition (LOI). The average percentage of organic carbon in mangrove forest area of the former farm of 50.181 % C or 184.618 Mg/ha. The average vertical variations of each depth, that is: depth (0-15 cm) 50.487 % C, (15- 30 cm) 50.781 % C, (30-50 cm) 50.550 % C, (50- 100 cm) 51.689 % C, and (> 100 cm) 47.396 % C.

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41

Wei, Lili, Shuh-Ji Kao, and Chaoxiang Liu. "Mangrove species maintains constant nutrient resorption efficiency under eutrophic conditions." Journal of Tropical Ecology 36, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000336.

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AbstractMangrove species have developed nutrient conservation mechanisms to adapt to oligotrophic intertidal environments. However, nutrient enrichment occurs worldwide, particularly in estuarine and coastal regions. Mangrove species may change their adaptive strategies if nutrient availability increases substantially. To understand how nutrient resorption (a major nutrient conservation strategy) responds to nutrient enrichment, a common mangrove species in China, Aegiceras corniculatum (black mangrove), was selected, and saplings were cultivated in nutrient-enriched soils. After one year, neither N nor P resorption efficiency showed significant variations with nutrient availability and there was no difference between N and P resorption efficiency. Overall, nutrient resorption efficiency of A. corniculatum remained at ∼40%, lower than the global average levels of evergreen plants (∼50%), indicating incomplete resorption of nutrients. Incomplete resorption was also evidenced by the nutrient concentrations, resorption proficiency and N: P ratio of plant leaves. Collectively, these results indicate that black mangrove can maintain constant nutrient resorption efficiency under eutrophic conditions.

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Singh, Minerva, and Emma Schoenmakers. "Comparative Impact Analysis of Cyclone Ana in the Mozambique Channel Using Satellite Data." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2023): 4519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074519.

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There is still insufficient information available for a streamlined impact assessment of tropical cyclones on coastal habitats, particularly in the Mozambique Channel. Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, along with socio-ecological parameters including mangrove forest health and population density, we modeled the extent of flooding and its impact following the ‘severe tropical storm’ Ana which occurred between the 20 January until 25 January over the Mozambique Channel. Focusing on regions hit by Ana, namely the Sofala and Zambezia regions and the Boeny and Melaky provinces in Mozambique and Madagascar, respectively, we adapted a model by the United Nations Platform for Space-Based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER) to effectively assess storm impacts at a resolution of up to 10 m. Our results showed that in Mozambique, more than 195,977 people have been potentially affected by Ana, while in Madagascar this number was down to 79,003. The central region of Zambezia accounted for the majority of flooding occurrences, although the Boeny province accounted for most of the flooding as a proportion of its total area. The Sofala region of Mozambique displayed the highest-affected population and highest-affected urban area, with 108,400 exposed people. However, it was found that only a small proportion of affected areas in all regions of interest (ROIs) were urban areas, accounting for 1.4% of the flooded areas on average. Low mangrove normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes between before the 2021–2022 cyclone season were found throughout all ROIs, despite the appearance of degraded mangrove patches in the proximity of barren areas at a fine scale (<20 m). Finally, it was found that healthy mangrove forest ecosystems in the Mozambique Channel were effective in protecting highly populated areas from cyclonic events for up to 40 km, on average.

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Songsom, Veeranun, Werapong Koedsin, Raymond J. Ritchie, and Alfredo Huete. "Mangrove Phenology and Water Influences Measured with Digital Repeat Photography." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020307.

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The intertidal habitat of mangroves is very complex due to the dynamic roles of land and sea drivers. Knowledge of mangrove phenology can help in understanding mangrove growth cycles and their responses to climate and environmental changes. Studies of phenology based on digital repeat photography, or phenocams, have been successful in many terrestrial forests and other ecosystems, however few phenocam studies in mangrove forests showing the influence and interactions of water color and tidal water levels have been performed in sub-tropical and equatorial environments. In this study, we investigated the diurnal and seasonal patterns of an equatorial mangrove forest area at an Andaman Sea site in Phuket province, Southern Thailand, using two phenocams placed at different elevations and with different view orientations, which continuously monitored vegetation and water dynamics from July 2015 to August 2016. The aims of this study were to investigate fine-resolution, in situ mangrove forest phenology and assess the influence and interactions of water color and tidal water levels on the mangrove–water canopy signal. Diurnal and seasonal patterns of red, green, and blue chromatic coordinate (RCC, GCC, and BCC) indices were analyzed over various mangrove forest and water regions of interest (ROI). GCC signals from the water background were found to positively track diurnal water levels, while RCC signals were negatively related with tidal water levels, hence lower water levels yielded higher RCC values, reflecting brownish water colors and increased soil and mud exposure. At seasonal scales, the GCC profiles of the mangrove forest peaked in the dry season and were negatively related with the water level, however the inclusion of the water background signal dampened this relationship. We also detected a strong lunar tidal water periodicity in seasonal GCC values that was not only present in the water background, but was also detected in the mangrove–water canopy and mangrove forest phenology profiles. This suggests significant interactions between mangrove forests and their water backgrounds (color and depth), which may need to be accounted for in upscaling and coupling with satellite-based mangrove monitoring.

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Fauzi, Sakti, Yayusman, Harto, Prasetyo, Irawan, Kamal, and Wikantika. "Contextualizing Mangrove Forest Deforestation in Southeast Asia Using Environmental and Socio-Economic Data Products." Forests 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110952.

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Research Highlights: This paper provides an alternative approach to contextualize mangrove forest loss by integrating available environmental and socio-economic data sets and products. Background and Objectives: Mangrove forest ecosystems grow in brackish water especially in areas exposed to accumulation of organic matter and tides. This forest type is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical coastal areas. Recent studies have revealed that the mangrove forest ecosystem had significantly degraded due to Land Use and Cover Changes (LUCC) in the recent past. Therefore, contribution of mangrove deforestation drivers has to be assessed to ensure a comprehensive analysis for ecosystem conservation and restoration and facilitate decision making. Materials and Methods: Firstly, a correlation analysis was conducted between individual data products and mangrove deforestation. Each data product was associated with the Dominant Land Use of Deforested Mangrove Patches data for 2012. Next, calculations were performed for specific data combinations to estimate the contributions of anthropogenic factors to mangrove deforestation. Results: In general, our study revealed that 22.64% of the total deforested area was converted into agriculture, 5.85% was converted into aquaculture, 0.69% was converted into infrastructure, and 16.35% was not converted into any specific land use class but was still affected by other human activities. Conclusions: We discovered that the percentage of land affected by these anthropogenic factors varied between countries and regions. This research can facilitate trade-off analysis for natural resources and environmental sustainability policy studies. Diverse management strategies can be evaluated to assess the trade-offs between preserving mangrove forests for climate change mitigation and transforming them for economic purposes.

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45

Hong Son, Truong, and WSJ Uijttewaal. "Cycloid flows induced by the Large horizontal coherent structures in the vegetated compound channel." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002045.

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Vegetation in general and mangrove, in particular, plays a significant role in the protection of the coastal and estuarine regions from erosion. In particular, estuarine mangrove forests can effciently reduce the impact of a strong along-bank flow during high tides and high river discharge, creating shelter regions for the development of the ecological system. As estuarine mangrove is usually inundated during high tides and exposed to strong tidal flows, the hydrodynamic of estuarine mangrove forest is similar to that of a vegetated compound channel. In order to gain more insight into this field of the research, a hydraulic laboratory experiment of a shallow flow field in a vegetated compound channel has been conducted. Experimental results confirm a pronounced existence of large horizontal coherent structures (LHCSs). Although the presence of the large horizontal coherent structures in the vegetated channel has been well recognized, it is still unclear how they affect the flow field, mass and momentum exchange in the vegetated compound channel. Detailed analyses of the experimental data reveal more about the role of the large horizontal coherent structures. The flow field under the effect of the large coherent structures shows a spatially and temporally cycloid motion, contributing a large part to the momentum and mass transfer. The quadrant analysis of the Reynolds shear stresses has been applied to examine the connection between the motion of the large horizontal coherent structures and their associated cycloid flow events.

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46

McGregor, Steven, and Nadine A. Strydom. "The abundance, diversity and distribution of small fishes in mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries in warm temperate South Africa." Scientia Marina 82, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04744.31a.

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Mangroves in tropical and subtropical regions have been well documented in terms of the advantages they provide and their role in structuring ichthyofaunal assemblages, but little is known about their warm temperate counterparts. The study aimed to investigate the importance of warm temperate mangroves by comparing the abundance, diversity and distribution of small fishes in mangrove and non-mangrove estuaries in warm temperate South Africa. A 50x2 m (12-mm mesh) seine net was used over three summer seasons to sample small fishes in the Gonubie, Qora, Nahoon and Xhora estuaries (the latter two being mangrove estuaries). Fish abundance and diversity showed little variation among estuaries, despite the presence of mangroves. Estuaries in warm temperate areas are not only at the edge of mangrove distribution, but also offer alternative habitats which lend similar advantages to fish survival. It appears that warm temperate ichthyofauna have not yet evolved a dependence on mangrove systems in terms of the food, refuge and other ecological services they provide. Understanding the function of habitats and their value in enhancing fish survival in estuarine nursery areas is essential for fish conservation.

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Batsevych, N. V., I. M. Naumko, and Yu I. Fedoryshyn. "”MINERALOGY OF IGNEOUS COMPLEXES OF WESTERN VOLYN” – THE FIRST FUNDAMENTAL MONOGRAPH ON REGIONAL MINERALOGY IN UKRAINE." Geological Journal, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2023.1.273122.

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The contribution of the authors of the monograph “Mineralogy of igneous complexes of Western Volyn”, headed by Academician Yevhen Kostiantynovych Lazarenko, to the mineralogy of igneous rocks of the region is highlighted. The results of a detailed geological and mineralogical study, a geological and petrographic essay and the characteristics of mineral formation processes of Archean metamorphic and Zhytomyr-Kirovohrad and Osnitsk intrusive as well as dyke-effusive igneous complexes are discussed. It is shown that the materials obtained by the authors of this first fundamental monograph on regional mineralogy of Ukraine, together with the full use of literature at the time, formed the basis for all subsequent studies of Western Volyn, given its prospects for identifying of copper fields within the Volyn series of the Lower Ediacaria flood continental basalts. The obtained results, together with а set of data obtained later, made it possible to justify the need to intensify targeted efforts in the region. In the future, special attention should be paid to continuing the detailed study of the geological structure, mineral composition, petrographic and petrochemical features of rock-ore complexes of Western Volyn, the fluid regime of mineralogenesis of copper-containing flood continental basalts. Further research in the region will contribute to detailing the conditions for the formation of native copper mineralization in traps of the Volyn series in the aspect of assessing their copper ore potential; their results should be used by production geological organizations to optimize prospecting and exploration work in the preparation of promising areas for exploration. The significance of Yevhen Lazarenko’s contribution to regional mineralogical research, which was initiated by the monograph “Mineralogy of igneous complexes of Western Volyn”, is growing under these conditions. The book is still a powerful source of inspiration for geologists who continue the work of an outstanding scientist in the field of Earth sciences and conduct regional mineralogical research not only in Volyn, but also in other regions of Ukraine.

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Somerfield, P. J., J. M. Gee, and C. Aryuthaka. "Meiofaunal Communities in a Malaysian Mangrove Forest." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 3 (August 1998): 717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044738.

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The free-living benthic copepods and nematodes in samples of decaying leaves and sediment, from a Rhizophora apiculata-dominated mangrove forest bordering the Sungai Merbok Estuary in north-western peninsular Malaysia, were identified to putative species. Analyses of community structure of these taxa revealed that both are concentrated within the surface layers of the sediment; communities associated with decomposing leaves are distinct from those associated with the sediment surface; and variation between physically similar sites within the forest is relatively small. It is suggested that the meiofaunal communities in tropical soft sediment mangrove estuaries respond primarily to salinity and exposure gradients as in temperate non-vegetated estuaries. Copepod communities of the Merbok mangrove system appear to be much more diverse than those in estuarine and saltmarsh habitats in other climatic regions, and detailed faunal analysis suggests that there is a high degree of species endemism, particularly in genera which are only found on decaying plant material.

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Nguyen, Hai-Hoa, Lan Thi Ngoc Tran, An Thanh Le, Nghia Huu Nghia, Linh Vo Khanh Duong, Hien Thi Thu Nguyen, Simone Bohm, and Charles Finny Sathya Premnath. "Monitoring Changes in Coastal Mangrove Extents Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Data in Selected Communes, Hai Phong City, Vietnam." Forest and Society 4, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v4i1.8486.

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Mangrove forests are important and known as one of the most productive ecosystems in the tropics. They reduce the impacts of extreme events, provide important breeding grounds for aquatic species and build the resilience of ecosystem-dependent coastal communities. On the contrary, they are also known as one of the most threatened and vulnerable ecosystems worldwide, which have experienced a dramatic decline due to extensive coastal development during the last half-century. Remote sensing techniques have demonstrated a high potential to detect, identify, map, and monitor mangrove conditions and its changes, which is reflected by a large number of scientific papers published on this topic. The aim of this study was to investigate the multi-decadal changes of mangrove forests selected communes in Hai Phong city, North Vietnam, based on using Landsat and Sentinel 2 data from 2000 to 2018. The study used these continuous steps: 1) data pre-processing; 2) image classification using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; 3) accuracy assessments; and 4) multi-temporal change detection and spatial analysis of mangrove forests. The classification maps in comparison with the ground reference data showed the satisfactory agreement with the overall accuracy was higher than 80.0%. From 2000 to 2018, the areas of mangrove forests in the study regions increased by 584.2 ha in Dai Hop and Bang La communes (Region 1) and by 124.2 ha in Tan Thanh, Ngoc Xuyen and Ngoc Hai communes (Region 2), mainly due to the boom of mangrove planting projects and good mangrove management at the local community level.

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Kurniawan, Ardiansyah, Suci Puspita Sari, Euis Asriani, Andi Kurniawan, Abu Bakar Sambah, and Asep Awaludin Prihanto. "Molecular Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria From Mangrove Sediment at Tin Minning Region In West Bangka." International Journal of Applied Biology 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v3i1.5848.

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Cellulose as an abundant source of glucose in Indonesia requires acceleration of decomposition utilizing cellulolytic bacteria. Cellulolytic bacteria can be obtained from the isolation of mangrove organic matter, such as sediments. Muntok Sub-district is one of the regions with the most tin mining in West Bangka Regency also has mangroves in the coastal area. Exploration of cellulolytic bacteria in mangroves with different environmental characteristics encourages researchers to find new bacterial strains that produce cellulase enzymes with new properties. Thirteen isolates were successfully isolated from three locations. Tembelok mangrove sediments produced Seven bacterial isolates, Peltim Mangrove samples produced three isolates and from Sukal Mangrove three isolates were obtained. Seven isolates showed clear zones in the Lugol test and three isolates including were gram-positive bacteria. Molecular test with 16S rRNA analysis showed TBL1 isolate has 85% similar identity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain HY3 and TBL2 isolate has 98% similar identity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HS8. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens potential to further study as cellulose degrading bacteria for feed ingredients.

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