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1
da Silva, Paulo Henrique Müller, Fabio Poggiani, and Jean Paul Laclau. "Applying Sewage Sludge toEucalyptus grandisPlantations: Effects on Biomass Production and Nutrient Cycling through Litterfall." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/710614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In most Brazilian cities sewage sludge is dumped into sanitary landfills, even though its use in forest plantations as a fertilizer and soil conditioner might be an interesting option. Sewage sludge applications might reduce the amounts of mineral fertilizers needed to sustain the productivity on infertile tropical soils. However, sewage sludge must be applied with care to crops to avoid soil and water pollution. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of dry and wet sewage sludges on the growth and nutrient cycling ofEucalyptus grandisplantations established on the most common soil type for Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Biomass production and nutrient cycling were studied over a 36-month period in a complete randomized block design. Four experimental treatments were compared: wet sewage sludge, dry sludge, mineral fertilizer, and no fertilizer applications. The two types of sludges as well as mineral fertilizer increased significantly the biomass ofEucalyptustrees. Wood biomass productions 36 months after planting were similar in the sewage sludge and mineral fertilization treatments (about 80 tons ha−1) and 86% higher than in the control treatment. Sewage sludge application also affected positively leaf litter production and significantly increased nutrient transfer among the components of the ecosystem.
2
Abdullayev, Ş. N., F. Y. İbadullayev, E. H. Nəsirov, A. R. Qüdrətli, and A. R. Qüdrətli. "HÖVSAN AERASİYA STANSİYASINDA TEXNOLOJİ PROSES ZAMANI ƏMƏLƏ GƏLƏN İZAFİ LİLİN TƏDQİQİ." “Water Problems: science and technologies” 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30546/wtst.2020.1.75.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. hovsan Aeration Station provides treatment and processing of wastewater in baku. The amount of annual sludge here reaches 2 million cubic meters. These sludges contain complex multicomponent substances of organic and mineral origin. Taking this into consideration, we analyzed surplus sludge that generated during the technological process at hovsan Aeration Station. The studied surplus sample is a substance that is thickened in the mechanical workshop of the station, and then the substances are dehydrated in a centrifuge. They consist of a complex polydisperse system. The study of surplus sludge formed during the technological process at hovsan aeration station revealed that the main component of sludge consists of organic substances. The mineralogical composition is dominated by silicon dioxide and magnesium calcite. Keywords: wastewater, surplus sludge, mineral service, organic matter
3
Defontaine, G., J. Thormann, B. S. Lartiges, A. G. El Samrani, and O. Barrès. "Incorporation of hydrophobized mineral particles in activated sludge flocs: a way to assess ballasting efficiency." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0692.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role of mineral surface hydrophobicity in attachment to activated sludge flocs was investigated. Fluorite and quartz particles of similar granulometry were hydrophobized by adsorbing sodium oleate and dodecylamine chloride, respectively. Mineral hydrophobicity was assessed by flotation expriments. The attachment of particles to microbial flocs was determined by optical microscopy. The results indicate that hydrophobized particles are always better incorporated within activated sludge flocs than non-coated particles. A comparison with Aquatal particles used as sludge ballast reveals that hydrophobized minerals are associated with microbial flocs to the same extent.
4
Tarre, S., R. Armon, G. Shelef, and M. Green. "Effects of water characteristics on granular sludge formation in a USB reactor for denitrification of drinking water." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 9 (November 1, 1994): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of water chemical composition on granular sludge formation in a denitrifying USB reactor was studied. The mineral fraction and sludge volume index (SVI) of the granular sludge in the reactor were found to be closely related to the composition of the influent water. Groundwater and simulated ‘hard’ water produced granules with good settling characteristics and high reactor VSS concentrations. Sludge granules from the reactor fed with surface water, which had lower concentrations of calcium and alkalinity, had a low mineral content and high SVI values resulting in biomass washout and reactor instability. The mineralization process, as expressed by the sludge's ash content (mainly CaCO3), is due to an increase in the pH and alkalinity during denitrification thereby changing the reactor's precipitation potential.
5
Zhao, Qi Gang, Zuo Ren Nie, Hong Liu, Su Ping Cui, and Ya Li Wang. "Utilization of Municipal Sludge in the Calcination of Cement Clinker." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using the sludge of sewage treatment plant to calcine cement clinker is a new method and is confirmed on the international to utilize city sludge recycling and harmlessly. In this work the test of the raw material burnability, cement clinker mineral composition and petrographic analysis were used to study microscopic characteristics of clinker, to analysis of the effect of sludge performance of cement clinker calcination. It was found that when sludge were as a raw material for calcining cement clinker, best city sludge content was around 15% ~ 20%. With an improvement of lime saturation coefficient, the burnability of raw material declined. The mineral composition of sludge clinker was the same as that of the conventional Portland clinker, while mineral structure and morphology of the sludge clinker were better.
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I V, Starostina, Kosukhin M M, Simonov M M, and Starostina Yu.L. "Research of the opportunity to use sludge wastes of ferrovanadium production as pigments for silicate paints." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.11880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the urgent problem of formation, storage and recycling of sludge materials of various compositions, generated as a result of industrial enterprises wastewater treatment and sanitation. It is pointed out that in spite of a lot of designs concerning the wastewater neutralization sludges recycling, the share of their efficient usage is still negligible. So, one of the most relevant trends of nature protection activity and the rational use of natural resources is developing a technology of these wastes reclamation and applying them for useful products manufacturing. The research of chemical, mineral and grain composition of ferrovanadium production sludge wastes, generated at waste waters neutralization at the «EVRAZ Vanadii Tula», Tula, Russia, has been carried out. A method of obtaining pigments for silicate paints on the basis of these sludges has been considered. The influence of the sludges' thermal treatment conditions on their mineral composition and the properties of paints based on them has been evaluated. The pigments content varies from 1 to 3 %. It has been demonstrated that the most promising is the usage of initial sludges and heat-treated at temperature 1000°С sludges as pigments for high-performance silicate paints.
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Zubkova, Olga, Aleksey Alexeev, Arseniy Polyanskiy, Kirill Karapetyan, Olga Kononchuk, and Markus Reinmöller. "Complex Processing of Saponite Waste from a Diamond-Mining Enterprise." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 6615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The solution of the sludge utilization problem and yield increase at processing plants have great importance today all over the world. Disasters associated with the tailings dams failures have madeus develop technologies of tailings sludge utilization as a commercial product, reducing the environmental damage on the regions of mineral extraction. This research aimed to provide new data, methods and an analytical approach to solve the saponite sludge accumulation problem on mining enterprises with silicate coagulant to increase the rate of cycle water clarification for the enrichment process and the recycling of sludge to reduce its hazardous effect. Samples were taken in the deposit located in the north of the European part of Russia, where diamond bearing ore contain montmorillonite minerals, mostly saponite, which is considered to be a perspective secondary product. The content of this mineral in the sludge is above 20 wt.%. Saponite is a clay mineral with the general chemical formula (Ca,Na)0.3(Mg, Fe2+)3(Si, Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O. The mineral has high adsorption, ion exchange, and catalytic and filtration properties; due to the developed diffuse layer, saponite particles are highly stable in an aqueous medium—the resulting suspension is highly stable and has slow sedimentation. During the research, a positive effect on the sedimentation process of clay saponite particles was established, due to the introduction of a coagulant containing 70% tricalcium silicate, at a dosage of 2 g/dm3 coagulant; the degree of purification of water containing the saponite clay suspension is 99%. The condensed sediment after the thermal drying and with the limestone addition can be used again as a coagulant or secondary product with enhanced properties;therefore, the sludge will be processed, and not stored.
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DOUAER, Naima, Abdelkader DOUAOUI, Madjid MEHAIGUENE, Mohamed ZOUIDI, and Wiem HAMZA. "The effect of municipal sewage sludge on properties physicochemical and microbial agricultural soil." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 10804. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13110804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The organic matter content of sludge can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil ensuring better cultivation and good agricultural productivity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge on the main physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. The sludge was spread in an agricultural field in Ain defla (Algeria) cultivated with a tomato crop (‘Panikra’) in four treatments: (T): soil without sewage sludge and without mineral fertilization, (B): soil with sewage sludge, (E): soil with mineral fertilization, (B + E): soil with sewage sludge and mineral fertilization. For this, several physical, chemical and microbiological properties were analyzed on the residual sludge used and the soils collected in the studied plots. The results show that the sludge used does not exhibit any toxicity and that the treatment with the sewage sludge with the fertilizer used on the agricultural soil forms a better compost for improving the physicochemical quality of the soil compared to the other treatments. The application of sewage sludge also can accelerate microbial activity by increasing the number of bacteria, fungi and azotobacter.
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Hall, J. E., and B. A. Stark. "Effects on lambs of ingestion of soil treated with sevage sludge." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010898.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge contains a range of essential and non-essential elements for livestock nutrition, many of which are toxic at elevated levels. Where sludge is applied to the surface of pasture regularly, contaminants principally heavy metals will accumulate in the surface layer (Davis et al 1988), and may represent a potential health hazard for grazing animals through the direct ingestion of contaminated soil much greater than that from plant uptake. Whilst it is known that soil ingestion can supplement mineral intake with benefits to grazing animals in some situations, the potentially toxic effects of ingesting soil from heavily sludged pastures are of principal concern (Stark 1988). Bearing in mind the strategic importance of grassland for sludge disposal, it must be demonstrated whether existing soil metals limits (DoE 1988) will adequately protect grazing animals. The principal objective of the trial was to study animal growth performance as well as mineral balance from a diet with elevated copper levels derived from a sludge treated soil. Lambs were used for their greater sensitivity to copper than cattle, and the length of the trial simulated the normal finishing period of five months for lambs on pasture.
10
Mason, C. A., A. Häner, and G. Hamer. "Aerobic Thermophilic Waste Sludge Treatment." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The expansion in both industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in recent years has resulted in a major increase in the quantities of by-product sludge produced and has exacerbated problems of waste sludge treatment and/or disposal. The traditional method for waste sewage sludge treatment is anaerobic mesophilic digestion for sludges that are to be disposed of on agricultural land. Other disposal methods for untreated sludges include incineration, an option receiving increased interest, and ocean dumping, an option that is environmentally incompatable and used much less frequently today compared with 10 years ago. Sewage sludge can be considered to be a resource as far as its mineral nutrient composition is concerned. However, this resource cannot be exploited in agriculture because sludges are inevitably contaminated with noxious chemicals that partition into the sludge during either primary or secondary wastewater treatment. In the case sewage sludge, pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms are also present unless such contaminants are removed during treatment. Traditional mesophilic treatment under anaerobic conditions does not remove either noxious chemicals such as detergent residues or pathogenic organisms to a satisfactory degree. During the past decade, autothermal aerobic thermophilic pretreatment processes have been introduced as a complementary sludge treatment stage. Such aerobic pretreatment processes allow both the biodegradation of chemicals that are recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment and the thermal inactivation of pathogenic organisms. However, their introduction as a total treatment process for sludges is inhibited by their relatively poor conversion efficiencies as far as mineralization is concerned. In this contribution the biodegradation bacteria under aerobic thermophilic conditions will be described and discussed and concepts for biomass yield coefficient reduction that could enhance aerobic thermophilic sludge treatment process effectiveness will be introduced.
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Liu, Y. Y., M. Ukita, T. Imai, and T. Higuchi. "Recycling mineral nutrients to farmland via compost application." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased cultivation of farmland has resulted in nutrient deficiency and consequently fertility degradation of soils. This research examined the application of composted wastes in terms of the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling plant essential minerals. Minerals in composts (derived from sewage sludge, livestock excrement, and municipal solid wastes, respectively) and in amended soils were observed. Ca/Mg ratios in amended soils and the effect of compost applications (mineral nutrients and heavy metals) on plant uptake were also studied. Results showed that composts, especially those made from sewage sludge and livestock excrement, were richer in mineral nutrients but also contained more heavy metals than untreated soil. The increase in some elements and plant-growth-essential Ca/Mg ratios were found in amended farmlands, implying that compost applications have made up for the nutrient deficiency and have adjusted chemical conditions of the soil. The soil contamination from heavy metals was noticeable. However, some results showed that the large existence of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in soils has caused no significant increase in the plant uptake of elements. The controlled composting process and farmland uses are believed necessary for reducing the heavy metal accumulation in agricultural plants.
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Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira, Ronaldo Severiano Berton, Aline Reneé Coscione, Luis Alberto Saes, and Marcio Koiti Chiba. "Agronomic Efficiency of Biosolid as Source of Nitrogen to Banana Plants." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/873504.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge (SS) or biosolid has been studied as source of nutrient for several different plant species. It also contributes to soil fertility recycling organic matter and plant nutrients. This followup work examines a three-year (2001–2004) field experiment designed to evaluate the response of banana plants (Cavendish subgroup) to the application of biosolid as source of nitrogen. The treatments consisted of control (mineral PK, no N), three rates of sludge, and two rates of mineral NPK fertilizer. Plant and soil N concentration, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter, and foliar endurance index were measured. Fruit yield with mineral fertilization or sludge applications did not differ statistically(P>0.05). Application of biosolid resulted in statistically significant higher agronomic efficiency(P<0.05)in comparison to mineral fertilizers. The concentration of soil mineral nitrogen increased using mineral fertilizer or sludge until 0.80 m after three years of application. The effect of the source of N was smaller than the effect of the rate. Biosolid can be used as source of N for banana growers.
13
Malamis, S., E. Katsou, M. Stylianou, K. J. Haralambous, and M. Loizidou. "Copper removal from sludge permeate with ultrafiltration membranes using zeolite, bentonite and vermiculite as adsorbents." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 3 (February 1, 2010): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this work is to examine copper removal from sludge permeate with the use of low-cost minerals of Mediterranean origin combined with ultrafiltration membranes. The minerals used were zeolite (clinoptilolite), bentonite and vermiculite. Activated sludge was enriched with 0.01 N (317.7 ppm) of Cu(II). Fixed concentrations of minerals were added to sludge and the pH value was adjusted at 5.5. The mixture was agitated for 2 hours at 800 rpm at room temperature and was then filtered through a batch ultrafiltration system for 1 hour. This experiment was repeated, for comparison purposes, with sludge enriched with 0.01 N of Cu(II) with no mineral addition. The results showed that ultrafiltration membranes with no mineral addition were able to remove a significant amount of copper with removal efficiencies ranging from 59.4–78.3%. The addition of 10 g/l and 20 g/l of bentonite combined with ultrafiltration membranes resulted in removal efficiencies of 94.9% and 99.4% respectively and that of 10 g/l and 20 g/l of vermiculite in removal efficiencies of 93.8% and 96.8%, respectively. The ion exchange capacity of minerals followed the order bentonite > vermiculite > zeolite. Furthermore, membrane fouling was investigated. The addition of zeolite and bentonite reduced membrane fouling, while the addition of vermiculite did not impact on fouling. The use of low-cost minerals in combination with ultrafiltration membranes can be employed to treat industrial wastewater, resulting in a final effluent with very low copper concentrations.
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Beliavski, M., I. Meerovich, S. Tarre, and M. Green. "Biological denitrification of brines from membrane treatment processes using an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 4 (February 1, 2010): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.613.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates denitrification of brines originating from membrane treatment of groundwater in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor, a biofilm reactor without carrier. A simulated brine wastewater was prepared from tap water and contained a nitrate concentration of 125 mg/l as N and a total salt concentration of about 1%. In order to select for a suitable energy source for denitrification, two electron donors were compared: one promoting precipitation of calcium compounds (ethanol), while the other (acetic acid), no precipitation was expected. After extended operation to reach steady state, the sludge from the two reactors showed very different mineral contents. The VSS/TSS ratio in the ethanol fed reactor was 0.2, i.e., 80% mineral content, while the VSS/TSS ratio in the acetic acid fed reactor was 0.9, i.e., 10% mineral content. In spite of the low mineral content, the sludge from the acetic acid fed reactor showed remarkably excellent granulation and settling characteristics. Although the denitrification performance of the acetic acid fed reactor was similar to that of the ethanol fed reactor, there was a huge difference in the sludge production due to mineral precipitation, with the corresponding negative aspects including increased costs of sludge treatment and disposal and moreover, instability and difficulties in reactor operation (channeling). These arguments make acetic acid a much more suitable candidate for brine denitrification, despite previous findings observed in groundwater denitrification regarding the essential role of a relatively high sludge mineral fraction for stable and effective USB reactor operation. Based on a comparison between two denitrification reactors with and without salt addition and using acetic acid as the electron donor, it was concluded that the reason for the excellent sludge settling characteristics found in the acetic acid fed reactor is the positive effects of higher salinity on granular sludge formation.
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Clauss, Frédéric, Christel Balavoine, Delphine Hélaine, and Gaëtan Martin. "Controlling the Settling of Activated Sludge in Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1999): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest industry wastewaters are difficult to clean: hydraulic and organic load variations, filamentous bulking or pin-point flocs negatively impact depollution processes. The addition of a fine, mineral, talc-based powder, Aquatal, into the aeration tanks of wastewater treatment plants connected to pulp and paper factories has been successfully tested since end of '97. The first case-study presents full results obtained over a period of 18 months in a 20,000 p.e. plant connected to a paper factory. The mineral powder was regularly added to control sludge volume index, thereby ensuring low suspended solids concentration in the outfluent. Plant operators could easily adapt biomass concentration to match organic load variation, thereby maintaining pollution micro-organisms ratio constant. In a second case study, a trouble-shooting strategy was implemented to counteract filamentous bulking. A one-off, large dosage enabled the plant operator to deal effectively with poor settleability sludge and rapidly control sludge blanket expansion. In both cases, the main common characteristics observed were an increase in floc aggregation and the production of heavier and well-structured flocs. The sludge settling velocity increased and an efficient solid/liquid separation was obtained. After a few days, the mineral particles of Aquatal were progressively integrated into the sludge floc structure. When the mineral powder was added to the activated sludge in the aeration basin, chemical interactions frequently encountered with other wastewater treatment additives did not pose a problem. Moreover, with this mineral additive, the biological excess sludge displayed good thickening properties and dewatering was improved. Despite the addition of the insoluble mineral particles, the amount of wet sludge expelled did not increase. Aquatal offers a rapid solution to floc settleability problems which so frequently arise when physical or biological disorders appear in forest industry wastewater treatment plants.
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Mota, Mauro Franco Castro, Rodinei Facco Pegoraro, Victor Martins Maia, Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio, Marcos Koiti Kondo, and Silvânio Rodrigues Santos. "Can sewage sludge increase soil fertility and replace inorganic fertilizers for pineapple production?" Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 22, 2021): e50101119310. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge from treatment plants is an important source of N and organic matter for agriculture. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of sewage sludge and mineral fertilization on the soil chemical properties and production of five pineapple cultivars. The study was conducted in 2 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of two different fertilizers (sewage sludge and mineral fertilizers), combined with five pineapple cultivars (‘Pérola’, ‘Vitória’, ‘Smooth Cayenne’, ‘MD-2’, and ‘IAC Fantástico’). Sewage sludge fertilization favoured soil fertility by promoting a decrease in the pH and increase in the content of soil organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and zinc, compared to soil with mineral fertilization. In pineapple plants, sewage sludge fertilization provided statistically similar yields and physic chemical fruit characteristics compared to mineral fertilization. Among cultivars, the ‘Smooth Cayenne’ presented the highest yield (125 t ha-1), followed by cultivars ‘MD-2’ and ‘IAC Fantástico’, with intermediate yields of 98 and 90 t ha-1. Cultivars ‘Pérola’ and ‘Vitória’ presented lower yields. In this context, it was observed that sewage sludge can be used in pineapple cultivars, as an alternative source of nutrients to partial replaces inorganic fertilization.
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van Veelen, A., R. Copping, G. T. W. Law, A. J. Smith, J. R. Bargar, J. Rogers, D. K. Shuh, and R. A. Wogelius. "Uranium uptake onto Magnox sludge minerals studied using EXAFS." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 8 (December 2012): 3095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAround the world large quantities of sludge wastes derived from nuclear energy production are currently kept in storage facilities. In the UK, the British government has marked sludge removal as a top priority as these facilities are nearing the end of their operational lifetimes. Therefore chemical understanding of uranium uptake in Mg-rich sludge is critical for successful remediation strategies. Previous studies have explored uranium uptake by the calcium carbonate minerals, calcite and aragonite, under conditions applicable to both natural and anthropogenically perturbed systems. However, studies of the uptake by Mg-rich minerals such as brucite [Mg(OH)2], nesquehonite [MgCO3·3H2O] and hydromagnesite [Mg5(CO3)4 (OH)2·4H2O], have not been previously conducted. Such experiments will improve our understanding of the mobility of uranium and other actinides in natural lithologies as well as provide key information applicable to nuclear waste repository strategies involving Mg-rich phases. Experiments with mineral powders were used to determine the partition coefficients (Kd) and coordination of UO22+ during adsorption and co-precipitation with brucite, nesquehonite and hydromagnesite. The Kd values for the selected Mg-rich minerals were comparable or greater than those published for calcium carbonates. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis results showed that the structure of the uranyl-triscarbonato [UO2(CO3)3] species was maintained after surface attachment and that uptake of uranyl ions took place mainly via mineral surface reactions.
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Kopylov, V., and O. N. Burenina. "Influence of Oil Sludge on Properties of Asphalt Concretes Used in Regions of the Far North." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper considers the physicochemical activation of mineral powders used in asphalt concretes. Oil storage wastes, called oil sludges, are proposed to use as a surfactant. Activation of the surface of mineral powders is accomplished during the joint grinding of powder and oil sludge in a ball mill. As a result, the surface of mineral powders acquires hydrophobic properties; their physico-mechanical characteristics are improved: the reduction of porosity, bitumen content, and of the swelling index of asphaltic substances are observed. The introduction of activated powders into the composition of asphalt concretes can significantly reduce the amount of the required bitumen in the mixture. Decrease in water saturation index is detected in asphaltic concrete with activated mineral powders unlike in the test specimen. This implies an improvement in the index of resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
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LOPES, PAULO AUGUSTO PEREIRA, RODINEI FACCO PEGORARO, MARCOS KOITI KONDO, SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS, and LUIZ ARNALDO FERNANDES. "GRAIN YIELD AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COWPEA PLANTS GROWN UNDER RESIDUAL EFFECT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE FERTILIZATION1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n103rc.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Cowpea plants produce protein-rich grains and present high yield potential when grown under irrigation and organic fertilization, enabling to substitute part of the mineral fertilizer with sewage sludge, reducing costs and generating environmental benefits. Thus, a field study about residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization on cowpea was developed to evaluate this substitution. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four replications, in a 2×5 factorial arrangement consisted of two fertilization types (residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization, and mineral fertilizers) and five cowpea cultivars (BRS-Pajeu, BRS-Xiquexique, BRS-Marataoa, BRS-Pujante, and BRS-Cauame). The residual fertilizations were from applications of sewage sludge and NPK mineral fertilizers for pineapple crops grown in the area before the cowpea crop. The experiment was conducted using 80,000 plants ha-1 and micro-sprinkler irrigation. Vegetative and yield components, grain yield, and microbiological quality were analyzed. BRS-Pujante had the highest cowpea grain yield (4,124 kg ha-1) and the highest means for vegetative and yield components. The soil with residual sewage sludge fertilization improved the cowpea root growth and grain yield (3,854 kg ha-1); the latter was 19% higher than that of treatments with mineral fertilization. These results were related to the great soil organic matter content provided by the sludge fertilization, which promotes nutrient mineralization, increasing grain yield. Fresh and dry grains of cowpea plants grown under residual effect of sewage sludge fertilization have similar microbiological quality to those of plants grown under mineral fertilization.
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Stunda-Zujeva, Agnese, Imants Kreicbergs, and Olita Medne. "Sustainable Utilization of Sewage Sludge: Review of Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biological treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater becomes more common in EU countries. As a result, the amount of wastewater sludge increases. The political and economic situation in world is requiring new methods for recovery of non-renewable mineral resources. Sludge is great secondary source of many elements. The aim of this research is to summarize available techniques for sustainable utilization of industrial sludge and recovery of critical raw minerals (CRMs). The most common sustainable method is using treated sludge as fertilizer in agriculture due to high content of P, N, C and microelements. However, this method has many restrictions, e.g. it can contain toxic substances or lack of appropriate land. Thermal sludge treatment methods like pyrolysis have developed crucially in last decade and pyrolysis units for sludge treatment are commercially available now. Pyrolysis becomes the most sustainable method due to recovery of CRMs and better energy recovery comparing to incineration.
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Park, Jin, Young-Soo Han, and Sang-Woo Ji. "Investigation of Mineral-Processing Wastewater Recycling Processes: A Pilot Study." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 3069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mineral processing requires large amounts of water, but, often in the remote locations of many mines, sufficient fresh water frequently cannot be supplied. Therefore, recycling of water is important in mineral processing and enhancing the efficiency of the liquid-solid separation and dewatering steps in mineral processing wastewater treatment is critical. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of anionic flocculant dosage and sludge recycling (SR) on solid removal and sludge dewaterability. Different combinations of the flocculant dosage with and without SR were applied in a mineral-processing wastewater treatment pilot plant. Increasing the amount of flocculant dose of 1.1% v/v (flocculant solution to wastewater) did not significantly decrease the turbidity of the treated water, while the combination of a flocculant with SR increased the zeta potential. Increasing flocculant dose adversely affected dewaterability, although the dewaterability of the 0.6% v/v flocculant-treated sludge significantly increased after aging of the sludge. Sludge recycling was effective for increasing the dewaterability, and a flocculant dose of 1.1% v/v with SR led to formation of large flocs that were stable during aging and sonication.
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Ilie, Leonard, Mircea Mihalache, Roxana Maria Madjar, Catalina Calin, and Gina Vasile Scaeteanu. "Impacts of Using Mineral Fertilization Combined with Sewage Sludge in the Amendment of Luvisol on Oat Crop I. Influence on Yield and Mineral Nutrition." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper illustrates the results obtained on oat (Avena sativa L.), Somesan variety, concerning growth, grains and straw yields and also of macroelements accumulation (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) when various doses of sewage sludge were applied associated or not with mineral fertilization. Sewage sludge application produced significant increase of plant height starting with equivalent dose of 100 kg N/ha, meanwhile the highest height was observed in the case of plants fertilized with doses equivalent with 300 and 400 kg N/ha. With the increase of sewage sludge dose it has been observed the straw yield increase, this being statistically assured starting with sewage sludge equivalent dose of 100 kg N/ha. Sewage sludge fertilization, accompanied or not by mineral fertilizers, evidenced that nitrogen contents in oat grains increases with applied sewage dose, being significant from an equivalent dose of 200 kg N/ha. Low sewage doses equivalent with 200-300 kg K/ha evidenced for potassium concentration in oat grains a significant decrease in comparison with untreated variant, meanwhile mineral fertilization generated a significant increase of potassium levels in oat grains. Calcium contents in oat grains present a significant increase after sewage sludge fertilization and at a dose equivalent with 600 kg N/ha, the calcium levels (0.24%) increased 3 times in comparison with untreated variant (0.08%). Sewage sludge fertilization, associated or not with mineral fertilizers, did not produced significant changes of magnesium levels in oat grains, found concentrations being considered as normal values.
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Hidei, Volodymyr, Iurii Sidun, Oleksii Hunyak, Svitlana Stanchak, and Volodymyr Bidos. "Application of wastepaper sludge ash as mineral powder for hot asphalt concrete mix." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article the potentiality is proven for application of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) as mineral powder for traditional hot asphalt concrete mix. For the comparative testing in this article the traditional limestone mineral powder is used. The chemical (oxide) composition of the aggregates was studied, while that was determined by means of DRON - 3.0 diffractometer. It was ascertained that CaO is present in wastepaper sludge ash in sufficient quantity, while it provides for utilization of this waste material as an aggregate for asphalt concrete. The limestone mineral powder granulometric composition was determined and the wastepaper sludge ash was grinded by ball grinder till the appropriate granulometric composition was reached. There were studied the main physical and mechanical parameters of bitumen 70/100 to be used for formation of asphalt binder in combination with the studied mineral aggregate. There were formed the following series of traditional hot asphalt concrete mix: on limestone mineral powder, on wastepaper sludge ash, on both limestone mineral powder and wastepaper sludge ash in ratio 50/50, 30/70, 20/80 (% w/w). By means of grading curves of dense-graded continuous mixes there was designed the chip-grain carcass of asphalt concrete mix. The asphalt concrete mix was designed based on the following characteristics: hot fine-grained densegraded asphalt concrete with residual porosity from 2 % to 5 %, with quantity of chip-grains sized more than 5 mm – 35-45 % and the maximum grain-size up to 15 mm. There was determined that WSA can perform as material to be used as mineral powder for asphalt concrete mixes. According to the requirements of Ukrainian standard (DSTU B V.2.7-119:2011), the asphalt concrete with WSA is of standard condition, but the water-saturation index approaches the acceptably allowed value, while in comparison with asphalt concrete with LMP – it is higher by 55%. Such result is due to the difference in oxide composition of the aggregates, namely lower content of products of calcareous rock in WSA. With combined application of limestone mineral powder and WSA in ratio 50/50, 30/70, 20/80 (% w/w) the water-saturation index decreases. As to the compression tensile strength and compression tensile strength after water-saturation, these indices on WSA are lower than on LMP just by 10%. The most efficient usage of WSA, considering the studies done, can be achieved when coupled with LMP in ratio 50/50.
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Clauss, F., D. Helaine, C. Balavoine, and A. Bidault. "Improving activated sludge floc structure and aggregation for enhanced settling and thickening performances." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effluent quality of a sewage plant using the activated sludge process depends upon the flocculation efficiency. Intensive research work has been devoted to understanding flocculation phenomena and to correct biological disorders. The addition of very fine but dense mineral particles to the aeration tank immediately improves floc formation and increases the weight of the new flocs created. The first consequence is an effective separation between the solid and the liquid phases in the secondary clarifier. In the longer term, the fine particles improve floc structuring and form stable and strong flocs. This has been demonstrated by sending a modified activated sludge through the high shear strength of pumps and hydrocyclones. The mineral of choice is a natural blend of talc and related minerals. These fine talc particles offer a solution to solve floc settleability problems which so frequently arise when biological disorders appear in waste water treatment plants. Despite the addition of insoluble particles the amount of sludge expelled does not increase. The thickening and dewatering properties are improved.
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Iizuka, Atsushi, Masato Honma, Yasuyuki Hayakawa, Akihiro Yamasaki, and Yukio Yanagisawa. "Aqueous Mineral Carbonation Process via Concrete Sludge." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 38, no. 2 (2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.38.129.
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Reddy, V. Mallikarjuna, and B. Sharada. "PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE BY USING HYPO SLUDGE AS A MINERAL ADMIXTURE." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increase in the paper waste from paper industries become most serious disposal problem by occupying large space and environmental pollution which is raising every day. To reduce the paper waste and environmental pollution, it is proposed to use the paper waste as Hypo sludge in concrete mix which contains cementitious properties like silica and magnesium. The main ingredient of concrete is cement. During the manufacturing of cement, large amount of carbon dioxide is released into the environment which causes global warming. To control environmental pollution from cement industries, Hypo sludge is used as a partial replacement of cement so that it can reduce cement content and support as an eco-friendly building material. In this research cement is replaced with fly ash and Hypo sludge. By adding 0 percent,3 percent,6 percent,9 percent 12percent and 15percent of hypo sludge, compressive and split tensile strength of concrete and also performance of Hypo sludge concrete are studied. From the experiment, compressive strength and split tensile strength of Hypo sludge concrete increases up to optimum dosage.
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Matlakowska, Renata, and Aleksandra Sklodowska. "Adaptive changes of chemolithoautotrophic acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria during growth in sewage sludge." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A chemolithoauthotrophic, acidophilic, sulfur-oxidizing strain was isolated from sewage sludge and identified as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. The morphology and physiology of the isolate grown in mineral medium or sterilized sewage sludge were investigated. Morphological and ultrastructural differences between cells grown in mineral medium and sewage sludge were clearly visible. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed some changes in the protein expression profiles in the periplasmic fraction as well as a lower level of cytochromes. Adaptation of A. thiooxidans to sewage sludge was not only a physiological process but also included genetic changes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed structural changes in chromosomal DNA of such bacteria. Most of the restriction fragments were highly conserved and shared by strains grown under different conditions. Cultivation in mineral medium did, however, lead to the appearance of an additional restriction fragment. In combination, the obtained results provide evidence of adaptive responses by A. thioxidans during growth in sewage sludge and confirm that this bacteria can be useful in biotechnologies of heavy metal bioleaching from different environments polluted with hazardous compounds.Key words: Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, sewage sludge, adaptation, SDS-PAGE, PFGE.
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Liu, Meng, Yufeng Duan, and Xiuyuan Ma. "Effect of Surface Chemistry and Structure of Sludge Particles on Their Co-slurrying Ability with Petroleum Coke." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2014-0033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Gasification and combustion performance of petroleum coke–water slurry (PCWS) can be enhanced by the addition of sludge. In this study, we have mixed three types of sludge with petroleum coke to form petroleum coke–sludge slurry (PCSS) and analyzed the effects of surface chemistry and structure of the sludge samples on the rheological properties of PCSS. Results show that the surface of petroleum coke particles is strongly hydrophobic, while the surface of sludge particles is hydrophilic. The sludge particles primarily consist of oxide and mineral salts, while petroleum coke particles mainly consist of organic carbon. Modification of the sludge changes the distribution of mineral components on the surface of sludge. In addition, the surface area, pore structure, and size of sludge tend to increase after modification. Sludge shows strong shear-thinning behavior, while the rheological properties of PCWS change from shear-thickening to shear-thinning behavior with excessive addition of sludge more than 6 wt.%. The suitable mass concentration for industrial application of PCSS is determined to be 62–64 wt.% for the sludge addition of 10–15 wt.%. Increasing the amount of sludge may enhance the yield stress and improve the static stability of PCSS, and sludge might be the most effective stabilizer used in PCWS.
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Franco, Ademir, Cassio Hamilton Abreu Junior, Dilermando Perecin, Fernando Carvalho Oliveira, Ana Carolina Ribeiro Granja, and Vivian Santoro Braga. "Sewage sludge as nitrogen and phosphorus source for cane-plant and first ratoon crops." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 2 (April 2010): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000200029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of sewage sludge in Brazilian agriculture was regulated by the resolution no. 375 Conama, in 2006. However, there is a lack of research to adequate the mineral N and P fertilizer doses to be applied in agricultural fields treated with this residue. In a field experiment, the effects of application rates of sewage sludge and mineral N and P fertilizers on the productivity and technical characteristics of the cane-plant and first ratoon (residual effect) crops were evaluated. Four doses of sewage sludge (0, 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 t ha-1, dry base), of N (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and of P2O5 (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) were combined in a factorial and laid out on randomized block design, a with two replications. To evaluate the residual effect of the sludge, 120 kg ha-1 N and 140 kg ha-1 of K2O were applied in all plots. Sludge application at cane planting, with or without N and/or P fertilizer increased the stalk yield from 84 up to 118 t ha-1, with no alteration in the sugarcane quality, compared with the application of NPK fertilizer alone, resulting in a stalk yield of 91 t ha-1. The study of the response surface for stalk yield on lowfertility soil was the basis for a recommendation of mineral N and P fertilizer doses for sugarcane implantation as related to sewage sludge application rates. It was also concluded that a sludge application of 10.8 t ha-1, which is the sludge dose established based on the N criterion according to the resolution Conama nº 375, could a) reduce the use of mineral N by 100 % and of P2O5 by 30 %, with increments of 22 % in stalk yield, as a direct effect of sludge application to cane plant crop, and b) increase the stalk yield in the second harvest (first ratoon) by up to 12 % and sugar yield by up to 11 %, by the residual effect of sludge application to sugar cane.
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Benjeddou, Omrane, and Mamdooh Alwetaishi. "Valorization of Powder Obtained from Marble Sludge Waste and Its Suitability as a Mineral Filler." Crystals 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stone industry has generated about 200 million tons of marble waste by marble processing industries whether in the form of sludge or solid blocks. The accumulated marble wastes contaminate water and air and have harmful effects on human health, plants, and animals. This study focuses on exploring the uses of powder obtained by drying and grinding marble sludge waste, generated from marble manufacturing processes, as a mineral filler for other construction materials. First, physical characterization was performed on marble sludge. Second, the powder preparation process was presented. Thereafter, a set of tests was carried out to identify the chemical, mineralogical, and physical properties of marble powder. By doing so, tests such as chemical analysis, calcium carbonate content, and methylene blue test, as well as mineralogical characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atterberg limits, particle size analysis, densities, Blaine specific surface, hydraulic property, as well as reaction with admixture, cement, and activity index were conducted. In the last part of this work, the obtained powder properties are compared to the standards requirements to confirm its suitability as mineral filler. The test results showed that the obtained marble powder is too rich in calcite; it is poor of any clay minerals fraction; it is very well graded; it is not reactive; and it does not have any effects on concrete strength; consequently, it can be considered as a mineral filler.
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Norrie, J., and A. Gosselin. "Paper Sludge Amendments for Turfgrass." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.957.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The behavior of turfgrass grown on paper-sludge-amended soils was evaluated over 2 years. Two experiments were performed, one with deinked sludge and another with primary sludge. Four paper sludge, sand, and organic soil substrate mixtures with proportions ranging from 0% to 50% paper sludge were incorporated into existing soils. Two fertilization levels were applied in strip plots across sludge treatments and three turfgrasses of seeded Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. `Georgetown'), Kentucky bluegrass sod, and an 80 Kentucky bluegrass: 20 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. `Prelude') seed mix were arranged within split plots. Effects of deinked and primary sludge experiments were similar. Supplemental N and, to a lesser degree, P and K fertilization with N at ≈4.5 to 5.5 t·ha–1, P at 1.18 to 1.26 t·ha–1, and K at 1.34 to 1.46 t·ha–1 improved ground cover, turf color, and stand quality. Despite differences in visual evaluations, leaf mineral nutrition was only slightly affected by fertilization treatments. Soil in nonfertilized plots was several times lower in N-NO3 when compared to fertilized plots, regardless of sludge rate. Soil in fertilized plots had higher concentrations of inorganic N regardless of sludge amendment. The soil C: N ratio was ≈13:1 in nonamended plots and more than 15:1 under the highest sludge rate. Deinked and primary paper sludges can be used effectively as soil amendments if turfgrass receives adequate supplemental N, P, and K.
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Hunt, Derek E., and Shabtai Bittman. "Precision Injection of Dairy Sludge on Crop Yield and N and P Uptake in Juvenile and Mature No-Till Silage Corn." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Starter mineral fertilizer is used by famers to provide phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to emerging corn (Zea mays) plants. Recent studies have shown that dairy slurry can replace mineral fertilizer provided it is precisely positioned close to the corn rows. This 5-year study examined the multi-year effect of precision injected sludge, the thick fraction separated from dairy slurry, on growth and nutrient uptake at the 6-leaf stage and final harvest of no-till corn. The sludge was first injected 15 cm deep and the corn planted < 10 cm from the sludge furrow at least 3 days later. Sludge provided sufficient P for both early growth and full season growth. At final harvest with equivalent total N and P rates (32P 250N treatments), fertilizer and sludge had similar maximum yields (17.9 and 17.4 t ha−1, respectively) and P uptake (26 and 25 kg ha−1, respectively) but fertilizer had higher N uptake than sludge (200 and 162 kg ha−1). N uptake and recovery N use efficiency was greater for sludge than fertilizer based on equivalent min.-N which suggests crop benefits in the sludge other than min-N and P. The study shows that precisely injected dairy sludge can obviate the need for starter mineral fertilizer, and this may help to alleviate P surpluses on dairy farms. This practice also provides a use on dairy farms for the separated solids fraction remaining after the thin fraction is decanted and applied as the primary N source to grass.
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Lobo, Thomaz Figueiredo, Fernando Carvalho de Oliveira, and Magali Ribeiro da Silva. "Uso de lodo de esgoto na produção de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment facilities and in most cases, it is not properly managed being deposited in landfills. This waste has all essential nutrients for the mineral nutrition of plants in addition to having high levels of organic matter which promotes greater water retention, improving the physical and biological soil attributes. The aim of the current research was to evaluate substrates of composted sewage sludge and commercial substrate with different mixtures in H13 clone seedlings (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla) by evaluating biotic factors (plant height and diameter), dry matter production, seedling quality, mineral nutrition of plants, and chemical characteristics of the substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions composed of 352 seedlings per plot. The treatments were: T1 - 100% composted sludge; T2 - 75% composted sludge and 25% commercial substrate; T3 - 50% composted sludge and 50% commercial substrate; T4 - 25% composted sludge and 75% commercial substrate; T5 - 100% commercial substrate. Plants with a greater amount of sewage sludge in the substrate performed better in all evaluated parameters.
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Devitt, D. A., R. L. Morris, and D. C. Bowman. "Response of Periwinkle to Composted Sewage Sludge Used as a Soil Amendment." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-9.4.176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to investigate the effects of composted sewage sludge as a soil amendment on growth and mineral composition of ‘Bright Eyes’ periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Dn.). Three desert soils (loamy sand, sandy loam, clay) were amended with two different composted sewage sludges (city and county) at rates of 0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60% by volume. Plants were grown in the amended soils for four months. Composted city sludge had a positive effect on size, growth rate and number of flowers per plant in all three soils. Plants grown in soils amended with the county sludge grew poorly and developed an interveinal chlorosis. Tissue analysis suggested chlorosis was due to a calcium-induced manganese deficiency. Whole plant tissue Mn declined to as low as 23 mg/kg when the calcium in the soil extract exceeded 25 meq/liter.
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Serbanescu, Agnes, Mona Barbu, Ionut Cristea, Gina Catrina, Georgiana Cernica, Mihai Stefanescu, and Ioana Bercu. "Evaluation of ash related problems during sewage sludge combustion." SIMI 2019, SIMI 2019 (September 20, 2019): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2019.fp24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A good function of waste-to-energy installation requires knowledge of the combustion characteristics of the fuel and fusion characteristics of the ash produced in the combustion process. Sewage sludge could be considered as renewable fuel due the high quantity of organics of sufficiently high calorific value. The combustion of sewage sludge can cause operating problems due to high ash content containing mineral compounds. This paper presents the oxide composition of three kinds of sewage sludge ashes and the influence on the slagging and fouling process in combustion. For comparation, two coal samples were selected, a low and a high rank coal. The mineral matter were investigated by the X-ray fluorescence analytical technique using the Rigaku CG X-ray Spectrofluorimeter. The evaluation of slagging and fouling process was performed on the basis of some indices: the basic oxides, the base-to-acid ratio, the slagging index and the fouling index. The conclusion based on experimental studies is that depending on mineral content the sewage sludge ash can cause high to moderate slagging and fouling hazard.
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Daba, Nano Alemu, Abduletif Ahmed, and Muktar Mohammed. "Impact of Brewery Waste Sludge on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Productivity and Soil Fertility in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 4 (April 7, 2017): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i4.366-372.1058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted on farmers' field in sofi district of Harari Regional State during 2013/2014 main cropping season, eastern Ethiopia, to investigate the impact of brewery sludge on sorghum production and soil fertility. The treatments comprised seven levels of brewery sludges (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 t ha-1) and NP inorganic fertilizer at recommended rate, arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Application of brewery sludge at 15 t ha-1 significantly increased the yield and biomass yield of sorghum by 79 and 85% over control and by 57 and 67% over NP application, respectively. There was no effect of brewery sludge application on heavy metals concentrations in soil after crop harvest, compared to international standard tolerable level. Co and Se levels were high in the control as well as in the soils treated with brewery sludge indicating the already high concentration of these heavy metals in the soils of the area. Plots, which received higher brewery sludge application, resulted in decreased or less percentage of grain nitrogen content showing the independence of grain protein content on lower brewery sludge level. The nitrogen uptake by sorghum grain, straw and the total was maximum (52.68, 44.25 and 79.03 kg ha-1, respectively) with the application of brewery waste sludge at 10 and 15 t ha-1 which were significantly higher than the other brewery sludge and NP mineral fertilizer applications.
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Kępka, Wojciech, Jacek Antonkiewicz, Florian Gambuś, and Robert Witkowicz. "The effect of municipal sewage sludge on the content, use and mass ratios of some elements in spring barley biomass." Soil Science Annual 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2017-0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Municipal sewage sludge contains considerable amounts of macro and microelements essential for plant nutrition. With decreasing use of natural and organic fertilizers, there is a need to search for alternative sources of organic matter (which is a substrate for humus reproduction). In a field experiment carried out on heavy soil with neutral reaction, the effect of single application of municipal sewage sludge in a dose of 5.34 Mg·ha−1 DM was compared to an equivalent dose of mineral fertilizers. The test plant was spring barley. After application of municipal sewage sludge, slight positive changes in the chemical properties of the soil were observed. The sewage sludge increased the yield of spring barley grain and straw by, respectively, 14 and 13% in relation to treatment with mineral fertilization. Spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge contained more elements than barley grown only on mineral fertilizers. It was shown that application of municipal sewage sludge to the soil had a significant effect on increase in nutrient uptake by spring barley. Fe was taken up in the highest amount, followed by Al and Mn, and Co was taken up in the smallest amounts. Utilization of Fe, Mn, Co and Al from sewage sludge by spring barley was at 6.0, 4.7, 0.7 and 0.7%, respectively of the amount applied to the soil with this waste. The mass ratios (Fe:Mn, Fe:Al, Mn:Co) analyzed in spring barley biomass were much wider in straw than in grain. In terms of grain feed value, Fe:Mn ratio in grain and straw was greater than optimum.
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Camilotti, Fábio, Alysson Roberto Baizi e. Silva, and Marcos Omir Marques. "Biomass and Yield of Peanut Grown on Tropical Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge Contaminated with Lead." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/896090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Application of sewage sludge with high lead (Pb) contents may pollute soils and contaminate crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate peanut responses to application of sewage sludge with varying Pb contents in order to supply phosphorus (P) to the plant. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with peanut grown on soil sample from a medium-textured Haplustox. Treatments were arranged in 3 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme, replicated three times, distributed in randomized block design, and consisted of: three Pb rates applied to soil with sewage sludge (3, 21, and 42 mg kg−1) × two times of sewage sludge application (30 days before peanut sowing and at the day of the sowing) + mineral fertilization + control (without sewage sludge and mineral fertilization). Sewage sludge was efficient to supply P to peanut. Sewage sludge containing high rates of Pb, when applied, did not harm biomass and yield of the plant, but increased HCl-extractable Pb in soil and Pb content in shoot, roots, and pod husks. Increase of Pb content in pod husks may represent contamination risk of kernels and their products with fragments from husks detached during manipulation or industrial processing of peanuts.
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PETERSEN, J. "Nitrogen fertilizer replacement value of sewage sludge, composted household waste and farmyard manure." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 2 (March 2003): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603003010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Field experiments were undertaken during 1998–2000 at Askov Experimental Station and Lundgård Experimental Site, Denmark, to investigate the fertilizer value of anaerobic and aerobic sewage sludges (SS1 and SS2), composted household waste (Compost) and farmyard manure (FYM). The organic residues were applied at two rates with or without supplementary mineral nitrogen (N). The effects of residue application on spring cereal dry matter (DM) yield and N-offtake were related to reference treatments with increasing rates of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). DM yields at the high application rates of aerobic sewage sludge (198 kg N/ha/year) and farmyard manure (300 kg N/ha/year) were comparable to the reference treatments receiving 90 kg mineral-N/ha/year. The comparable high application rate of anaerobic sewage sludge was 138 kg N/ha/year only and the DM yield was less. In contrast, the yield effect of Compost was very poor; even the high application rate of 321 kg N/ha/year yielded less than the low application rates of aerobic sewage sludge and farmyard manure, 66 and 100 kg N/ha/year, respectively.The nitrogen fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of the organic residues was estimated for all four combinations of the response variables DM-yield and N-offtake and the independent variables of total-N and ammonium-N applied. NFRV was in the range 49–68% for the sewage sludges and FYM based on the DM-yield[ratio ]total-N relation, and slightly smaller for the N-offtake[ratio ]total-N relation, 29–53%. The highest values were obtained for the aerobic sewage sludge, having a potential manurial value comparable to FYM. In contrast, the NFRV of Compost was low, about 10%.The concentration of ammonium-N in organic residues and manures is often used for predicting the fertilizer value. Ammonium-N based NFRV of 160–210% for the sewage sludges indicate that water extractable ammonium-N underestimates the NFRV, probably due to the content of easily degradable organic matter in digested sewage sludge. The estimated NFRV for Compost was above 100% but connected with high uncertainty. In contrast, the ammonium-N based NFRV for FYM was only 70–87%, probably due to ammonia volatilization caused by incomplete incorporation of large quantities and the high ammonium-N[ratio ]total-N ratio in this residue.
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Ma, Yingying, Heru Wang, Yongwei Song, Yiqian Wu, and Zehao Guo. "The Synthesis of Secondary Iron Minerals Induced by Quartz Sand during the Bioleaching Process Improves the Dewaterability of Municipal Sewage Sludge." Minerals 8, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8100419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study elucidated the mechanisms during the bioleaching process when optimizing the dewaterability of municipal sludge using quartz sand. The experiment was conducted with a shaking table and a series of controlled trials designed to investigate the influence of quartz sand on sludge dewaterability. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were applied to explore the quartz sand’s action mechanism. Results indicated that quartz sand could improve the sludge bioleaching efficiency. The optimal reaction time was between 24–48 h and 48–72 h with and without 10 g·L−1 of quartz sand, and a minimum sludge specific resistance to filtration was 1.2 × 1012 and 2.4 × 1012 m·kg−1, respectively. Quartz sand could provide nucleating sites for secondary iron minerals and overcome the unfavorable influence of a low Fe3+ supply rate in the initial bioleaching stage (0–24 h). Because it was conducive to accelerating the initial mineral precipitation, quartz sand could improve bioleaching efficiency. The X-ray diffraction spectrum showed that quartz sand induced changes in the synthesis pathway of secondary iron minerals when the concentration of Fe2+ ≥ 4 g·L−1. This then promoted the transformation of schwertmannite into jarosite during the mineralization process, which immobilizes nutrients such as K+ and NH4+ in the form of jarosite. Accordingly, bioleached sludge dewaterability and its utilization value can be improved. These results provide theoretical reference for improving bioleaching techniques in the treatment of municipal sludge.
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Tedesco, M., M. Ligo, C. Gianello, and Z. Simon. "Subsurface Injection of Activated Sludge: Response of two Grass Species." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Excess activated sludge produced at SITEL, the integrated effluent treatment plant of Pólo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), Triunfo, Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass fields at average rates of 24 tons/year (dry basis). Until now no definite destination has been found for the hay, due to its poor commercial value. With the purpose of investigating the behavior of more commercially valuable species under sludge application, a growth-leaching pot experiment is being conducted at the Soils Department of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul). Oats (Avenastrigosa) and rye grass (Loliummultiflorum) were the first species to be tested. Sludge application rates varied from 0 to 6 times the recommended operational values. The following topics were studied to date: (a) uptake of mineral nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and S; (b) translocation of heavy metals Cd, Pb and Cr to shoots; (c) leaching of nutrients and metals. Initial results showed that: (i) Sludge applied at rates up to 24 t/ha (dry basis) did not cause any phytotoxic effect. However, plant macronutrients released by sludge into soil did not reach the quantities required for proper agronomic management of the crops. (ii) Nitrogen was the growth limiting nutrient and also phosphorus to a lesser extent. Potassium was supplied mainly by the soil. (iii)Some constituents that appeared in leachate from chemically-treated pots did not leach from sludge-treated pots, showing an environmental benefit from sludge over mineral amendments in that respect. (iv) Mineral nitrogen, mainly nitrate, was detected in leachate for about 45 days, decreasing with time. (v) Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr did not appear in plant tops and leachate from sludge-treated pots in worrysome amounts. The investigation proceeds with cultivation of pangola grass and millet.
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Reis, Iolanda Maria Soares, Suelen Cristina Nunes Alves, Wanderley José de Melo, Laércio Santos Silva, Ludmila de Freitas, Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira, Ianna Bizerra Barros, Gabriel Maurício Peruca de Melo, and Valéria Peruca de Melo. "Cadmium, copper, and chromium levels in maize plants and soil fertilized with sewage sludge." February 2020, no. 14(02):2020 (February 20, 2020): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.02.p2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer is a widespread practice. However, the presence of heavy metals and pathogens in sludge are a cause for concern. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) in leaves, aerial parts, and kernels of maize grown in red latosol that was fertilized with sewage sludge for 15 consecutive years. Metal concentrations in soil and kernel yield were also determined. A randomized block design was used, with five replicates and four treatments: T1, mineral fertilization (control); T2, application of sewage sludge at 5 Mg ha−1; T3, application of sewage sludge at 10 Mg ha−1; and T4, application of sewage sludge at 20 Mg ha−1. All plots received potassium (K) supplementation. Fertilization with sewage sludge was as efficient as mineral fertilization. Sewage sludge had no negative effect on kernel yield. A negative correlation was observed between metal concentrations in soil and plant samples. Cd was detected at ≤0.04 mg kg−1 in kernels and Cu at ≤2.34 mg kg−1, whereas Cr was not detected in any sample. These levels are considered safe for human consumption, according to the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency. Fertilization with sewage sludge for 15 years did not increase Cu, Cd, and Cr levels in the soil and had no negative effect on maize, which shows the potential of sewage sludge for agricultural use.
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Bettiol, Wagner, and Raquel Ghini. "Impacts of Sewage Sludge in Tropical Soil: A Case Study in Brazil." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/212807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A long-term assay was conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of agriculture use of sewage sludge on a tropical soil. This paper describes and discusses the results obtained by applying a interdisciplinary approach and the valuable insights gained. Experimental site was located in Jaguariúna (SP, Brazil). Multiyear comparison was developed with the application of sewage sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plants at Barueri (domestic and industrial sewage) and Franca (domestic sewage), São Paulo State. The treatments were control, mineral fertilization, and sewage sludge applied based on the N concentration that provides the same amount of N as in the mineral fertilization recommended for corn crop, two, four, and eight times the N recommended dosage. The results obtained indicated that the amount of sewage sludge used in agricultural areas must be calculated based on the N crop needs, and annual application must be avoided to prevent overapplications.
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Franco, Ademir, Marcos Omir Marques, and Wanderley José de Melo. "Sugarcane grown in an oxisol amended with sewage sludge and vinasse: nitrogen contents in soil and plant." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 4 (2008): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000400013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge is a residue from waste water treatment plants and vinasse is a main effluent from alcohol distilleries. The main differences between them are observed in the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) contents. Sewage sludge is poor in K, and the vinasse in N. This research was carried out to evaluate sewage sludge and vinasse effects on the nitrogen contents of the plant-soil system and the effects of their application on planted-cane and 1st. ratoon-cane under field conditions, on a Typic Haplustox, in Pontal, State of São Paulo, Brazil, using the sugarcane cultivar SP81-3250. A randomized blocks experimental design was used with 13 treatments and three replications. The results were organized in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme (three residue forms, two application modes and two rates of N or K) and a control treatment (mineral fertilization). Sewage sludge provided the highest N plant contents and the highest residual N soil contents. Sewage sludge and vinasse can replace mineral fertilization for both planted-cane and 1st. ratoon-cane.
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Ilie, Leonard, Mircea Mihalache, Roxana Maria Madjar, Catalina Calin, and Gina Vasile Scaeteanu. "Effect of Sewage Sludge Amended Soil on Maize Crop I. Influence on yield and mineral nutrition." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 3 (April 15, 2018): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.3.6149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of sewage sludge application on maize (Zea Mays L.) growth, yield and macroelements accumulation (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) when different doses of sewage were applied accompanied by mineral fertilization. The results indicated that sewage sludge fertilization produces significant increase of maize yield that are evident starting with 200 kg N/ha rate, and the highest increases were recorded in the rate of 400 kg N/ ha. The nitrogen content in the maize leaves increased significantly in the variants fertilized with sludge at a rate over 300 kg N/ha, meanwhile the potassium content of the maize leaves was significantly reduced as a result of sludge fertilization at a rate equivalent to 400 kg N/ha. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the maize kernels increased with sewage sludge loading, meanwhile in the case of potassium the data showed that there were no statistically significant changes in the potassium content of the maize kernels under the influence of sewage sludge fertilization. The application of sewage sludge caused a significant increase of the calcium and magnesium contents in the maize leaves at equivalent rates higher than 200 kg/N ha.
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Mihalache, Mircea, Leonard Ilie, Gina Vasile Scaeteanu, Catalina Calin, and Roxana Maria Madjar. "Impacts of Using Mineral Fertilization Combined with Sewage Sludge in the Amendment of Luvisol on Oat Crop. II. Influence on Metal Accumulation." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 5 (May 29, 2020): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.5.8146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the present paper was to investigate the effects of sewage sludge application on metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, Pb) accumulation in oat (Avena sativa L.) grains, Somesan variety. It were used various doses of sewage sludge corresponding to equivalent doses of 0-600 kg N/ha associated or not with NPK mineral fertilization. The results evidenced that copper and zinc levels in oat grains increased significant with sewage sludge fertilization starting with a dose equivalent with 200 kg N/ha. Mineral fertilization led to significant decrease of copper content in comparison with sewage sludge treatments only. For manganese, fertilization with sewage sludge has produced a significant decrease, this trend being accentuated up to the equivalent dose of 300 kg N/ha. For cadmium, application of sewage sludge in an equivalent dose of 200 kg N/ha led to concentrations in oat grains higher than 1 mg Cd/kg (imposed limit for grains used for animal feed). This behavior is a consequence of high cadmium content of sewage sludge (of 7.2 times over maximum admitted limit). Cobalt contents of oat grains increased with sewage sludge doses, but the levels are between normal values and concordant with literature data. Application of sewage sludge in an equivalent doses of 500 and 600 kg N/ha generated a significant increase of lead content in oat grains, average values being 1.87 and 2.17 mg Pb/kg, respectively.
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Yu., Sniezhkin, Zh Petrova, V. Paziuk, and Yu Novikova. "STATE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2021.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In sewage treatment plants, sludge is formed during wastewater treatment, in addition to treated water. They are dumped on silt sites, which occupy large areas and almost all overcrowding. The content of large amounts of minerals and toxic substances in sediments leads to the deterioration of underwater waters and land, which in turn leads to the deterioration of ecology and life in Ukraine. An urgent task in Ukraine is to create a comprehensive processing of sludge, which includes economic, technological, social and environmental aspects.
The main methods of sludge disposal are use in agriculture, landfilling, incineration and dumping into the sea or ocean. The country is gradually trying to abandon the burial. European Union countries also process sludge aerobically and anaerobically. During these processes, components of organo-mineral fertilizers are created that can be used in agriculture. As fertilizers, sludge is composted, stabilized and pasteurized. Combustion of sludge allows to obtain a substitute for coal and oil. To increase the heat of combustion and improve combustion parameters to sludge sludge add coal, biomass. Low-temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge and household waste, which allows to obtain "crude oil". One of the methods is processing in biogas plants to obtain both biogas and environmentally friendly fertilizers. To increase the efficiency of treatment and reduction of sludge disposal of used stagnation-ments vermiculture.
Analysis of the literature allows us to conclude that there are methods of disposal of sludge, which have become widespread in various countries around the world, such as fertilizers, alternative fuels, landfills and others. When disposing of sludge, it is possible to produce biogas, electricity and heat, which reduces energy costs for the process.
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Kamal, ATMM, MM Islam, MS Hossain, and SM Ullah. "Influence of sewage sludge on yield and mineral contents of rice grain." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 26, no. 1-2 (August 27, 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v26i1-2.20231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge at the rate of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 240 t/ha showed that the number of filled grains per panicle, dry weight of grains and weight of 1000 grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were the significantly highest where 240 tons of sewage sludge per hectare was added. The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in rice grains increased significantly with increasing rate of sewage sludge application, while that of Mn decreased significantly. Chromium, cadmium and nickel contents in the rice grain were below detection limit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v26i1-2.20231 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 26(1-2): 57-60, December-2013
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Liu, Zhi Xiao, Bao Ling Ma, and Jin Long Zuo. "Improvement of Wastewater Treatment Efficiency and Deodorization by Side-Stream Humus Soil Activated Sludge Process." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In wastewater treatment system, the humus soil activated sludge process is to culture microorganisms by setting the natural humus soil composite mineral filter to simulate natural soil growing conditions. After enriched and activated in the cultivation tank, the microorganisms with specific functions return to different position of activated sludge process and achieve enhanced operational performance. The project results showed the process could enhance the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, reduce sludge production, improve sludge dewatering property and achieve odor elimination.
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Gondek, K., and B. Filipek-Mazur. "Biomass yields of shoots and roots of plants cultivated in soil amended by vermicomposts based on tannery sludge and content of heavy metals in plant tissues." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 9 (December 10, 2011): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4144-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sewage sludge application in agriculture is the simplest method of its management. Its content of organic and inorganic toxic components is a barrier to such management. Particular attention should be paid to the content of heavy metals whose presence in sewage sludge and later in soil poses hazard for plants, animals and people. The investigations aimed to determine the effect of vermicomposts obtained from tannery sludge on development of the root system and biomass of shoots as well as heavy metal concentrations in these organs. In the first year after the vermicomposts application their effect on the maize biomass increase was equal to the farmyard manure treatment but significantly worse than the mineral fertilization. The consecutive fertilizer effect of vermicomposts of tannery sludge ted on the increase in biomass of the shoots and roots of winter rape, sunflower and oats was comparable with the farmyard manure effect but notably better than the mineral fertilization. Heavy metal concentrations in individual plants were diversified; in the plants from vermicompost treatment they were as a rule lower than in the plants from mineral or farmyard manure treatment. Absorbed heavy metals accumulated primarily in the root systems, whereas the extremely high chromium content in vermicomposts did not cause its excessive accumulation in the cultivated plants.