Статті в журналах: "Mild steel Testing"

1

Tiley, John, Yimin Zhang, and John G. Lenard. "Hot compression testing of mild steel industrial reheat furnace scale." Steel Research 70, no. 11 (November 1999): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199905663.

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2

Ardika, I. Nyoman, and I. Nyoman Suardika. "Eksperimen Gabungan Uji Lentur dan Implementasi Teori Wheatstone Bridge untuk Mengetahui Kekuatan Lentur dan Modulus Elastisitas Material Reng Baja Ringan." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v15i1.277.

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Abstract Lightweight steel battens are one of the elements roof frame structure buildings. The material that is widely used today is mild steel. To get optimal results use be lightweight steel battens can be done through a structural analysis. In the analysis structure of light steel battens, required the actual dimensions of the cross-section and strength the light steel battens. The actual dimensions of the cross sections are obtained by direct measurement, and strength is obtained through a laboratory testing process either tensile testing or bending testing. This research was conducted by combining the application of Wheatstone Bride theory and bending testing in determining the strength and modulus of elasticity of mild steel battens on eleven test samples of mild steel battens with a length of 600 mm each. The test result data is in the form of load relationship with voltage changes generated from the Wheatstone Bridge network on a multimeter reading connected to the Wheatstone Bridge network. The data processing of the result of the change in voltage test will produce strain, so that the load and strain relationship is obtained. Data analysis of load relationship with stretching and the load-stress relationship will describe the strain-stress relationship. From the results of data processing, the results of the research conducted were obtained yield stress (fy) 407.8739 MPa at 0.2% strain; allowable stress (fa) 271,916 MPa at 0.1333% strain; ultimate stress (fu) 616,094 MPa at a strain of 0.3021%; and Modulus of elasticity (Es) 203921 MPa. Keywords:Mild Steel, Strain, Wheatstonebridge, Stress

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3

Zainal, Farah Farhana, Muhammad Faiz Fazill, Kamarudin Hussin, Azmi Rahmat, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, and Warid Wazien. "Effect of Geopolymer Coating on Mild Steel." Solid State Phenomena 273 (April 2018): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.273.175.

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This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of geopolymer coating on mild steel. Geopolymer is synthesis of a fly ash and alkaline activators which are sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) and sodium silicate solution (Na2SiO3). Fly ash is one of residue produced during the combustion of coal in coal power plant. In this study, fly ash class F based geopolymer was used as a source material. The alkaline activators then were mixed with fly ash to produce the geopolymer paste which acts as a coating material. The mixture was placed in molds and reinforcement bar were embedded in geopolymer paste. After that, the corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars for all samples were observed by using Open Circuit Potential (OCP) testing. Referring the pourbaix diagram regarding OCP testing, samples are in passivity region. Besides that, mild steel also were coated with geopolymer paste for adhesion test. Elcometer 108 was used for adhesion strength test. Morphology analysis also been used to determine the microstructure of fly ash and geopolymer paste. Phase analysis was used for the analysis phase between fly ash, geopolymer paste and mild steel coated with geopolymer paste. From OCP test, pourbaix diagram shows that samples is placed in the passivity region, iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) which is in stable phase and iron (II, III) oxide same results as in phase analysis. The minimum potential value for OCP is 0.015 V and the maximum potential value is 0.133 V. For adhesion strength, day 14 got the highest results compared day 7 and day 3 which the results are 2.0 Mpa, 1.9 Mpa and 1.5 Mpa respectively. It is because from day 3 until day 14, the structure of geopolymer paste becomes more compact, denser and better crystallization as shown in morphological analysis.

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4

Fatchurrohman, Nanang, Low Tze Chin, and Jufriadif Na’am. "TAGUCHI METHOD APPLIED FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION LEVEL ON METAL INERT GAS WELDING OF MILD STEEL." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol16iss3pp845-852.

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Mild steel has a wide range of uses such as in the construction field, automotive field, machinery industry, cookware, and pipeline. Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding act as an assembly method of mild steel. Corrosion level is a common problem that occurs in MIG welding on mild steel. In this study, the suitable welding parameters such as voltage, number of passes, and method of welding were chosen in the experimental testing and the experimental testing was planned by using the Design of Experiment (DoE) as part of Taguchi method. The welded mild steel specimens were evaluated using a corrosion test. The data analysis was done by using Taguchi method. For the parameter to be the optimum welding parameter, the corrosion level was as low as possible. In this case, the S/N ratio smaller is better common interest is chosen. By using the Minitab 18 software, the S/N ratio was calculated. Hence from the result, the optimum parameter is 9V voltage, three passes and the welding method was circle push.

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5

A, Arunraj, Ashwin Kumar J, and Ajith J. "Behaviour of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Filled Mild Steel Tube." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.2 (September 22, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.2.19994.

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The present study is an attempt to understand the behavior of concrete filled steel tubular column under uniaxial load. A concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column is formed by filling a steel tube with concrete. It is well known that concrete- filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are currently being used in the construction of buildings, due to their excellent static and earthquake-resistant properties, such as high strength, high ductility, large energy absorption capacity, bending stiffness etc. The external strengthening of using basalt fiber reinforced concrete material is emerging as a new trend in enhancing the structural performance concrete filled steel tubular members to counteract the drawbacks of the past rehabilitation work. In this project we are going to study about strength of the steel and concrete by doing compression strength, flexural strength, push out and uniaxial compression test. The tests are carried out with the help of universal testing machine. The readings are recorded and graphs are plotted.

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6

Singh, Hazoor, Buta Singh Sidhu, and Satya Prakash. "Performance of HVOF Sprayed NiCr and Stellite-6 Coatings under Pin on Disc Wear Testing." Materials Science Forum 701 (October 2011): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.701.21.

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Wear behavior of the HVOF deposited NiCr and Stellite-6, coatings on Fe-base alloy steel were evaluated by the pin-on-disc techniques. The coatings were significantly harder and less porous. SEM/EDAX and XRD techniques were used to analyse the worn out surface and wear debris. The Fe2O3 was identified as the major phase in the wear debris. The wear mechanism is mild adhesive wear in nature. The coatings protected the substrate steels against the adhesive wear significantly.

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7

Petrakou, Z. "Cold Working Degree Determination in Low Carbon Steel with Barkhausen Noise Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 495 (November 2011): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.495.198.

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Mild steel is one of the most commonly used materials in both industry, construction and other commercial –less or more elaborated- applications, and therefore the need of the appliance of an efficient and precise non-destructive testing method is requisite and mandatory. Here we report the experimental study of one of the most significant properties of mild steel, that of hardness, that can substantially reveal important facts such as the grade of deformation and work-hardening of steel, with the use of Barkhausen Noise Analysis. We also studied how the magnetic and mechanical properties of this specific metallic material can be successfully correlated.

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8

Chaturvedi, M., S. Arungalai Vendan, R. Sharanabasavaraj, V. Kachinsky, and K. A. Ramesh Kumar. "Non-Destructive Testing of Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding of Mild Steel Tubes." Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology 33 (December 15, 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.03.

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This paper presents the results of Non-Destructive Testing on Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welded mild steel tubes of 27mm OD and 1.5mm thickness. As part of this work, the tests covered were radiography, liquid penetrant, and magnetic particle testing. The testing results indicate that porosity, penetration levels and the defects found are within acceptable limits as per standard. For this experimental work, the selection of parameters was based on trial and error adopted in preliminary trials. The irregularities found in the non-destructive testing samples have enabled the fine-tuning of process parameters. The optimum values of hydraulic pressure, weld time and weld current are assessed to be 30-35bar, 5.5s and 150 A, respectively 270 A for this dimension of tubes. This work focuses on the experimental observations of MIAB welding and Non-destructive testing results for MS tubes of the selected dimension, which have not been reported in the existing literature. The achieved input forms the database for the parametric study of this process. The optimum parametric ranges obtained from the results can be extrapolated to be used for joining tubes of different dimensions and can also form the inputs for reaching parameter and response dependency equations.

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9

Iqbal, Amjad, Ayesha Iqbal, Grzegorz Moskal, Muhammad Yasir, Abdullah Al-Mansour, Mohammad Khan, Shamshad Alam, Muhammad Shahbaz, Adeel Zia, and Ahsan Ejaz. "Long-Term Potentiodynamic Testing and Tribometric Properties of Amorphous Alloy Coatings under Saline Environment." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 19, 2022): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041421.

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Protective coatings for harsh environments are always welcome, but they must overcome profound challenges, including corrosion and wear resistance. The purpose of this study is to look into the long-term potentiodynamic polarization measurements and dry tribometric behavior of plasma-sprayed amorphous coatings on AISI 1035 mild steel. To investigate the impact of unique active polarization potentials on the electrochemical studies of the iron-based amorphous layer, which compares favorably to AISI 1035 mild steel, the active potential polarization curve and friction coefficient tests were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses were used to investigate the coating’s corrosion behavior. Their mechanical (Tribometric tests at higher sliding speeds) and chemical properties (electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization investigations) have also been thoroughly investigated. There is enough validation that these protective coatings can be used in hostile environments. The effects of long-term corrosion for 24 and 48 h were thoroughly examined. Tribometric examinations revealed that amorphous layers are highly resistant under dry conditions, as they offered a very low and stable friction coefficient less than 4 μ with micro Vickers hardness 1140 ± 22.14 HV, which is more than twice as compared to mild steel AISI 1035. The corrosion resistance of coatings in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution displays active transition characteristics of activation, passivation, over passivation, and pitting, as shown by the potentiodynamic polarization curves.

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10

Xuan, L. P., M. A. Anwar, T. Kurniawan, H. M. Ayu, R. Daud, and Y. P. Asmara. "Caffeine as A Natural Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Nacl Solution." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 2, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v2i2.1186.

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Corrosion inhibitors are substances that added to the environment in small concentration and can effectively reduce the corrosion rate that of a metal surface. Natural inhibitors are one types of inhibitor being researched as it brings less environmental impact on the environment. This research was focused on the application of caffeine as inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in seawater condition. The objective of this project was to develop the relationship between caffeine concentration on the corrosion of mild carbon steel in both static and moving solution contained 3.5-wt% NaCl. Three types of solution were prepared, which are NaCl without addition of caffeine, NaCl with 1-wt% of caffeine and NaCl with 2-wt% of caffeine. Corrosion testing was carried out by weight loss measurement. The microstructures of corroded mild steel specimens were observed under optical microscope. The experimental results indicated that by adding caffeine into the environment medium, weight loss of mild steel specimen was reduced. The corrosion rate of specimens was decreased when more caffeine was added to the environment. From optical microscopic observation, caffeine performed its inhibition effect likely by forming a protective layer which acts as barrier to prevent further corrosion of mild steel in NaCl solution.

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11

Kim, Seok Bong, and Hoon Huh. "Evaluation of the Failure Elongation of Steel Sheets for an Auto-Body at the Intermediate Strain Rate." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.749.

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This paper deals with the dynamic failure elongation of mild steel, SGACD and advanced high strength steel sheets such as TRIP600, DP600 and TWIP steels. The failure elongation has been obtained from the high speed tensile testing machine with various strain rates ranged from 0.003/s to 200/s. The experimental result demonstrates that the tensile elongation does not simply decrease as the strain rate increases, but it decreases from the quasi-static state to the strain rate of 0.1 or 1/s and increases again up to the strain rate of 100/s. Furthermore, some high strength steels have the tendency that the tensile elongation increases as the strain rate increases. Moreover, the localized strain rate hardening in the necking region induces the increase of elongation.

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12

Kawai, Nozomu, and Kuniaki Dohda. "A New Lubricity Evaluation Method for Metal Forming by a Compression-Twist Type Friction Testing Machine." Journal of Tribology 109, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261364.

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A new compression-twist type friction testing machine has been developed to simulate the frictional conditions prevailing in metal forming. Twin indenter tools with different sliding length were used and mineral oils were tested under frictional sliding between mild steel and a tool steel. New indexes of boundary lubricity, oil-film strength, and anti-galling ability are proposed to evaluate lubricant performance.

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13

Poolperm, Pattarawadee, Wasawat Nakkiew, and Nirut Naksuk. "Application of MIG Welding Process of Mild Steel Wire in Additive Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 877 (February 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.73.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the forming characteristics of single-pass Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding wire for multi-layer additive manufacturing parts. Influences of arc current, arc voltage, arc distances, welding speed, wire feed speed, temperatures and heat input on layer formation were analyzed. The deposition of material by MIG process is controlled by a robot (ABB) controller for constructing walls of rectangular box shape. The samples were measured with a microhardness testing and tensile testing onto the welded bead created by the additive manufacturing technique. It was found that the mechanical properties of microhardness values are between 151.70 to 155.80 HV and the tensile strength values are between 472.71 to 491.12 MPa according to transverse and longitudinal sections of the specimens.

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14

Bui, Xuan Ba, Kharachenko U. V., and Beleneva I. A. "COMPARATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF CORROSION FOR CARBON STEEL IN NHATRANG BAY (VIETNAM) AND VLADIVOSTOK (RUSSIA) SEA WATER." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1862.

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Comparative results of corrosion testing for carbon steel in natural conditions of Nhatrang Bay (East Sea, Vietnam) and Vladivostok (Russian Federation) sea water are presented. It is concluded, that corrosion of carbon mild steel in marine environment of Nhatrang Bay at normal seawater salinity is 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than that in Vladivostoc sea water conditions.

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15

Kreislova, Katerina, Hana Geiplova, Lubomir Mindos, and Radka Novakova. "Corrosion Protection of Infrastructure of Power Industry." Materials Science Forum 811 (December 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.811.31.

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SVUOM specialists have participated in many activities concerning corrosion failure analysis or testing the materials/coatings for corrosion protection in power industry (e.g. temporary protection of various parts of power plants, long-term corrosion behaviour of weathering steels and mild steel with hot dip galvanised coating (HDG) and paint coatings of poles, reconstruction of parts of nuclear plants, etc.). There are many materials and corrosion protective coatings used for infrastructure of power industry – the SVUOM main interest is focused to distribution network.

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16

Araoyinbo, Alaba Oladeji. "Low temperature heat treatment of steel and the effect of quenching on the strength and oxidation behaviour." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.04.

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Mild steel is widely used in the engineering field because of its low carbon content that is often ductile and machinable. However, mild steel despite its hardness properties when exposed to corrosion mediums easily corrodes. This study investigates the effect of mild steel quenching after different heat treatment procedures and later exposed to corrosion environment (sodium chloride solution) to observe the corrosion behaviour of the metal. The mild steel samples were cut into dimensions of 75 mm x 25 mm x 4.5 mm and heat treated at temperatures of 100 ° C, 300 ° C, and 500 ° C, and quenched in both water and oil mediums. The temperature applied to the mild steel is expected to produce a phase structure in the pearlite region, and thereby improving its properties. The quenching medium influenced the microstructure of the mild steel, the hardness values as well as the corrosion resistant capabilities of the metal. The mechanical properties were tested using ultimate testing machine and Rockwell hardness Tester. Data obtained from this research, shows that the samples heat treated, water, and oil quenched all showed improved properties. It was observed that the percentage elongation for oil quenched at 100 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C is 18.5 %, 14.1 %, and 12.4 % which is higher than water quenched which recorded 16.7 %, 12.3 %, and 9.8 % but the reverse was the results obtained for the other mechanical properties. The optical microscopy was used to observe surface morphology when the surface is exposed to the corrosion medium. It was observed that the oil quenched samples experience the lowest weight loss when compared to water quenched samples, and the as received sample had the highest weight loss. This shows that heat treatment and quenching provides some form of protection for the mild steel samples.

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17

Jano, Albana, Alketa Lame, and Efrosini Kokalari. "The inhibition effects of methionine on mild steel in acidic media." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2014-0007.

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Abstract The corrosion of metal surfaces causes huge financial damages to the industries annually, what has lead to an increase in the search for substances that can slow down or prevent corrosion rate. Green inhibitors which are biodegradable, without any heavy metals and other toxic compounds, are promoted. Amino acids are attractive as corrosion inhibitors because they are nontoxic. We have used methionine as corrosion inhibitor. Materials under investigation are two kind of low allow carbon steel marked as: Steel 39, Steel 44 usually applied to concrete as reinforcing bars, and manufacture in Elbasan. The inhibition effect of methionine on the corrosion behavior of low allow steel is investigated in sulfuric acid in presence of chloride ions, in form of NaCl (H2SO4 1M + Cl- 10-3M). Potentiodynamic polarization method is used for inhibitor efficiency testing. The pitting corrosion current shows that increasing concentration of the inhibitor causes a decrease in pitting current density, and inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of the inhibitors.

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18

Rani, Anju, and Ravibabu Mulaveesala. "Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging for Infrared Non-destructive Testing of Mild Steel." MAPAN 36, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-021-00455-z.

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19

Hamilton, H. R., John McBride, and Joseph Grill. "Cyclic Testing of Rammed-Earth Walls Containing Post-tensioned Reinforcement." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 4 (November 2006): 937–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2358382.

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Rammed-earth walls are generally constructed by hand-compacting (or mechanically) a moist, soil-cement mixture into forms. These walls, when constructed in seismically active areas, require the use of steel reinforcement. The installation of steel reinforcement during rammed-earth construction can be difficult logistically. In particular, vertical reinforcing bars are difficult to place and to reach proper compaction of the surrounding rammed earth. To evaluate the use of post-tensioned reinforcement in lieu of bonded mild steel, eight full-scale rammed-earth walls were constructed and tested in out-of-plane and in-plane bending. The loads were cyclic and fully reversed to determine the ability of the walls to undergo large displacements that might accompany an earthquake. The out-of-plane tests were conducted with the specimen supported as a cantilever and the lateral load applied to the top of the wall. The specimens in the in-plane tests were also supported as a cantilever with the top unrestrained.

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20

Puoza, Julius Caesar, Frimpong Opoku, and Bernard Aboagye. "Development and testing of a motorized cassava fufu pounding machine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 5, no. 1 (December 10, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v5i1.5155.

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A motorized cassava fufu pounding machine was developed and tested. The machine principal parts were hopper, throat, pounding compartment, discharge outlet, main frame, electric motor seat, auger, shaft and pulleys. Mild steel material and stainless steel sheet were used in the fabrication based on its availability, strength, appearance, cost, and corrosion resistance. The machine is powered by a 5hp electric motor; the dimension of the machine is 1010mm × 600mm × 930mm (length × breadth × height). Output capacity of 120kg/hr was obtained. The machine is affordable and easy to operate and manage. It is therefore recommended for the restaurants, chop bars and households to prepare a good and hygienic fufu thereby solving the problem of energy sapping and time wasting in manual fufu pounding.

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21

Chandrasekaran, M., A. W. Batchelor, and N. L. Loh. "Lubricated seizure of mild steel observed by X-ray imaging." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 214, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650001543250.

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Observation of frictional contacts has always been a problem as the contact is normally hidden. In this work, an X-ray microscope has been used for in situ observation of frictional seizure, wear and interfacial features during the testing of mild steel specimens sliding against an Al alloy 6061 disc. This technique enables the interfacial features of the hidden contact to be observed. Seizure tests were conducted at different sliding speeds of 2, 4 and 5 m/s under lubricated conditions with plain mineral oil. The images obtained during the tests indicated that the X-ray attenuation along its path increased with sliding at isolated locations, due possibly to localized changes in path length or attenuation by the degraded mineral oil. The sliding speed was found to have a considerable impact on the degradation of the oil, which affected the seizure behaviour.

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22

Kugyela, Lóránd. "Experiments with Small Size Shaped Charges." Hadmérnök 14, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32567/hm.2019.2.8.

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This paper describes the research on testing of small size point focal shaped charges. They were manufactured from composite-B, Semtex and pressed RDX, and binary explosives. As the liner and the whole structure of the charges were identical the mild steel penetration test was a clear method for comparing and quantifying their performance. The target setup was also standardized with different steel discs. During testing I realized that it was a practical development tool, to find a proper mixture for binary explosives. Since most of the shaped charge literature related to their evaluation, I wanted to have a simple, yet productive performance testing method that suited more to practical field works.

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23

Cherian, Jose, and Jeoju M. Issac. "Effect of Process Parameters on Wear Performance in Abrasive Flow Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.661.

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The wear performance of the mild steel under different Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) conditions was studied. Wear properties of mild steel are considerably affected by the process parameters of AFM.The effect of extrusion pressure, abrasive concentration and abrasive size during AFM on wear performance were investigated using a reciprocating wear testing machine. Experiments were conducted according to 23 factorial design of experiments for this purpose. The contribution of the process parameters on wear resistance were obtained performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The wear rate, specific wear coefficient (Ks), wear resistance, fatigue strength and surface hardness are also considerably affected by the process parameters abrasive concentration, extrusion pressure and abrasive size.

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24

LI, Y. L., Z. R. HUANG, and Q. D. ZHONG. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSIVE BEHAVIOR OF ENAMEL COATING MODIFIED ON MILD STEEL." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 04 (May 11, 2018): 1850081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500816.

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Due to the study of marine corrosion of mild steel, in order to simulate the corrosion conditions of enamel coatings in seawater, enamel coatings applied on mild steel were immersed in 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl liquor and the related corrosion features and behavior of enamel were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated by electro-chemical method such as potentiodynamic polarization testing. Under the appropriate heat treatment system, the enamel coatings sintered on the same kind of mild steel at different temperatures were studied: all enamel samples were within the temperature range from 710[Formula: see text]C to 830[Formula: see text]C, the heat treating process at the microstructural level was evaluated and correlated with corrosion resistance properties. All the enamel coatings were characterized and it was observed that the enamel coatings that showed excellent corrosion resistance when sintered at a temperature of 810[Formula: see text]C can offer a better physical barrier than other temperatures because of their better bonding force and dense microstructure with less pores.

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25

Varimadugu Sandhya et al.,, Varimadugu Sandhya et al ,. "Manufacturing and Testing of Composite Rod for Replacement of Mild Steel for Construction Purpose." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 2853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020270.

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26

Mirone, G., R. Barbagallo, and F. Giudice. "Locking of the strain rate effect in Hopkinson bar testing of a mild steel." International Journal of Impact Engineering 130 (August 2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.04.009.

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27

Pothnis, J. R., G. Ravikumar, H. Arya, Chandra S. Yerramalli, and N. K. Naik. "Stress Wave Attenuation in Aluminum Alloy and Mild Steel Specimens Under SHPB Tensile Testing." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 27, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 677–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-3120-x.

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28

Hensel, Jonas, Thomas Nitschke-Pagel, Klaus Dilger, and Steffen Schönborn. "Effects of Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Performance of Welded Steels with Longitudinal Stiffeners." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.636.

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Residual stresses may affect the behavior of welded steels under fatigue loading. However, for design of welded structures the height and distribution of residual stresses from welding are often not known so that tensile residual stresses in the order of the yield strength are conservatively assumed. Here presented results focus on the influence of residual stresses on the fatigue strength of longitudinal stiffeners made from a mild steel S355NL and a high strength steel S960QL. The initial residual stress conditions were measured using X-ray and neutron diffraction. In order to characterize the influence of residual stresses on the fatigue strength, specimens were tested in the as-welded condition and after a stress relieving heat treatment. The fatigue testing was conducted under alternating constant amplitude loading with a stress ratio of R=-1.

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Xavier, Joseph Raj. "Investigation on the effect of nano-ceria on the epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of mild steel in natural seawater." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2017-1784.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of introducing nano-ceria (CeO2) particles to the epoxy coatings on mild steel in natural seawater. Design/methodology/approach The epoxy–ceria nanoparticles were coated with mild steel using a wire-wound draw-down bar method. The effects of ceria nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance of epoxy-coated samples were analyzed using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Findings Localized measurements such as oxygen consumption and iron dissolution were observed using SECM in natural seawater in the epoxy-coated sample. The increase in film resistance (Rf) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) values by the addition of nano-ceria particles in the epoxy coating was measured from EIS measurements after wet and dry cyclic corrosion test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analysis showed that complex oxides of nano-ceria were enriched in corrosion products at a scratched area of the coated mild steel after corrosion testing. Focused ion beam-transmission electron microscope (FIB-TEM) analysis confirmed the presence of the nanoscale oxide layers of ceria in the rust of the steel. Research limitations/implications The tip current at −0.70 V for the epoxy–CeO2-coated sample decreased rapidly because of cathodic reduction of the dissolved oxygen. The increase in film resistance (Rf) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) values by the addition of nano-ceria particles in the epoxy coating were measured from EIS measurements after wet and dry cyclic corrosion test. Practical implications The presence of complex oxide layers of nano-ceria layers protects the coated steel from rusting. Social implications The use of this nano-ceria for corrosion protection is environment-friendly. Originality/value The results of this study indicated the significant effect of nano-ceria particles on the protective performance and corrosion resistance of the epoxy coating on mild steel. The dissolution of Fe2+ was lower in the epoxy–ceria nanoparticle-coated mild steel than that of the epoxy-coated mild steel resulting in a lower anodic current of steel. The increase in film resistance and the charge transfer resistance showed that the nano-ceria particles and the formation of complex oxides provide better barrier protection to the coating metal surfaces.

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30

Gaines, Ed, and John Banker. "Shipboard Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints: Evaluations and Improvements." Journal of Ship Production 7, no. 03 (August 1, 1991): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1991.7.3.188.

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Aluminum-to-steel explosion-welded transition joints are used to attach aluminum superstructures to steel hulls. Transition joint bond separation sometimes occurs during ship construction. Ingalls Shipbuilding conducted a long-term study to determine causes and corrective action for these separations. Aluminum/steel transition joints are manufactured by the explosion-bonding process and tested in accordance with MIL-J-24445. Traditional transition joints consist of alloyed aluminum bonded to mild steel with an interlayer of low-alloy aluminum. The study reviews transition joint manufacture and quality testing required by material specification, adequacy of design guidelines and production practices, and cost-effective methods for corrective action. Modifications in product design and testing, installation design and shipyard production practices can improve reliability. The most important result of this study was development of material with improved properties. This paper relates the study procedure, findings and recommendations so that transition joint separations can be avoided on future installations. This information is useful for designers and transition joint users

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31

Aly, Kamal I., Abdulsalam Mahdy, Mohamed A. Hegazy, Nayef S. Al-Muaikel, Shiao-Wei Kuo, and Mohamed Gamal Mohamed. "Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel Coated with Phthalimide-Functionalized Polybenzoxazines." Coatings 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111114.

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Herein, we synthesized two new phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomers, pPP-BZ and oPP-BZ, through Mannich reactions of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (pPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (oPP), respectively, with p-toluidine and paraformaldehyde. The structures of these two monomers were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to study the polymerization behavior and thermal stability of the monomers and their corresponding polybenzoxazines. Poly(pPP-BZ) and poly(oPP-BZ) were formed on mild steel (MS) through spin-coating and subsequent thermal curing polymerization. We used various corrosion testing methods to examine the effect of the curing temperature on the corrosion resistance of the coated MS samples in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. Among our tested systems, the corrosion rate reached a low of 2.78 µm·Y−1 for the MS coated with poly(pPP-BZ)180 (i.e., the coating that had been cured at 180 °C); this value is much lower than that (4.8 µm·Y−1) reported for a maleimide-based benzoxazine compound (MI-Bz)/33 wt.% ACAT (amine-capped aniline trimer) blend. Thus, the incorporation of the imide functional group into the PBZ coatings is an effective strategy for affording high-performance corrosion resistance.

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32

Zhou, F. M., Q. Y. Zhang, M. X. Shi, H. Li, and J. W. Guo. "Structural design and wear properties of TIG arc brazing tin-based babbit to mild steel." High Temperature Materials and Processes 37, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0240.

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AbstractThe tin-based babbit with different layer thickness was bonded to mild steel via TIG arc brazing. The microstructure, microhardness, wear properties and phase formation mechanism near the interface of the arc brazed layer were investigated by the optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high temperature friction and wear testing machine (HTFWT), laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrum (EDS). It can be found that in the arc brazing seam region, the thinner layer made it possible to form larger size SbSn monotectic phase that connected together and some Fe-Sn IMCs were formed near the interface. So that when the layer thickness was 0.5 mm, the microhardness of arc brazing tin-based babbit layer was the largest and the antifriction property was the best. Moreover, on the brazing tin-based babbit interface, Fe elements were transited and diffused from mild steel into the brazing seam region. Element concentration of Fe was high near the steel interface and formed concentration gradient in the liquid metal layer, which was helpful to promote the metallurgical reaction. Phase constituents of the brazed joint interface were Fe, Fe3Sn, FeSn and FeSn2, formed in the metallurgy of Fe from mild steel and the Sn from tin-based babbit.

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33

Stewart, Mark G., Brianna Dorrough, and Michael D. Netherton. "Field testing and probabilistic assessment of ballistic penetration of steel plates for small calibre military ammunition." International Journal of Protective Structures 10, no. 4 (September 28, 2018): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618802593.

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The penetration of projectiles into semi-infinite targets helps in the understanding and modelling of terminal ballistics. The article describes field test results of 5.56×45 mm F1 Ball and 7.62×51 mm M80 Ball ammunition. The targets were 25-mm-thick mild and high strength steel plates of Grade 250 MPa and 350 MPa, respectively. The tests recorded penetration depth, muzzle and impact velocities, and bullet mass. Despite its smaller calibre, the 5.56 mm × 45 mm F1 Ball ammunition recorded deeper penetrations than the larger calibre 7.62 mm × 51 mm M80 Ball ammunition. This is due to the 5.56 mm ammunition comprising a hardened steel penetrator and lead core, whereas the 7.62 mm ammunition comprised only a lead core. Multiple shots were fired for each type of munition. The coefficient of variation of steel penetration is approximately 0.10 and 0.03 for 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm rounds, respectively. The article also presents predictive models of steel penetration depth and compares these to the field test results.

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34

Sohail, Muazzam Ghous, Mohammad Salih, Nasser Al Nuaimi, and Ramazan Kahraman. "Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 37, no. 5 (October 14, 2019): 657–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-12-2018-0099.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a two-year long study carried out in order to evaluate the corrosion performance of mild steel bare bars (BB) and epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in concrete under a simulated harsh environment of chlorides. Design/methodology/approach The blocks are subjected to Southern Exposure testing. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR) and Tafel plot are performed to measure the polarization resistance and corrosion current densities of these rebars. Knife-peel test was performed to assess the adhesion between epoxy and underlying steel after two years of exposure. Findings Mild steel BB showed a high corrosion current density of 1.24 µA/ cm2 in Tafel plots and a very low polarization resistance of 4.5 kΩ cm2 in LPR technique, whereas very high charge transfer resistance of 1672 and 1675 kΩ cm2 is observed on ECR and ECR with controlled damage (ECRCD), through EIS technique, respectively. EIS is observed to be a suitable tool to detect the defects in epoxy coatings. After two years of immersion in 3.89 percent NaCl− solution, the mild steel BB were severely corroded and a considerable weight loss was observed, whereas under heavy chloride attack, ECR showed no deterioration of epoxy coating and neither any corrosion of underlying steel. Results of this study show that the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with respect to corrosion could be enhanced by using ECR, especially in harsh climatic conditions. Originality/value The corrosion performance of mild steel and ECR in concrete under a simulating splash zone environment is evaluated. EIS was used to evaluate the health of epoxy and corrosion state of underneath steel rebars. EIS was able to detect the defects in epoxy. The durability of RC structures could be enhanced in harsh climate regions by using ECR.

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35

Lei, W. S., and M. Yao. "Effect of strain rate on cleavage fracture of mild steel in plain strain tension testing." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 25, no. 12 (December 1991): 2669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(91)90136-o.

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36

Bai, Shaobin, Wentao Xiao, Weiqiang Niu, Dazhao Li, and Wei Liang. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Medium-Mn Steel with 1.3 GPa-Strength and 40%-Ductility." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 2233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092233.

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Steel designs with superior mechanical properties have been urgently needed in automotive industries to achieve energy conservation, increase safety, and decrease weight. In this study, the aging process is employed to enhance the yield strength (YS) by tailoring the distribution of V-rich precipitates and to improve ductility by producing high volume fractions of recrystallized ferrite in cold-rolled medium-Mn steel. A reliable method to acquire ultra-high strength (1.0–1.5 GPa), together with ductility (>40%), is proposed via utilizing non-recrystallized austenite and recrystallized ferrite. Similarly to conventional medium-Mn steels, the TRIP effect, along with the mild TWIP effect, is responsible for the main deformation mechanisms during tensile testing. However, the coupled influence of precipitation strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, and dislocation strengthening contributes to an increase in YS. The studied steel, aged at 650 °C for 5 h, demonstrates a YS of 1078 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1438 MPa, and tensile elongation (TE) of 30%. The studied steel aged at 650 °C for 10 h shows a UTS of 1306 MPa and TE of 42%, resulting in the best product in terms of of UTS and TE, at 55 GPa·%. Such a value surpasses that of the previously reported medium-Mn steels containing equal mass fractions of various microalloying elements.

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37

Rabbani, Khawar, Mike Daniels, Neil Walker, and Bez Shirvani. "Material Behaviour Modelling for Finite Element Vehicle Crash Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.521.

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Vehicle safety has increasingly become an economical factor for vehicle manufacturers and this has become most apparent in car safety [1-4]. Manufacturers are now spending considerable resources on safety research. Government requirements on safety have compelled manufacturers to carry out considerable number of crash tests to validate the safety of their cars [6-7]. The data from these tests is important in the development of simulation models employing finite element (FE) software. Many companies predict crashworthiness using commercially available software such as PAMCARSH and LS-DYNA. These simulations are based on mathematical constitutive equations and hence any simulation created is only as representative as the constitutive equations used. This project has studied the reliability of the material models used by LS-DYNA. Material models selected for analysis are used extensively by impact simulations software and were namely: Power Law Plasticity and Cowper/Symonds. Piecewise Linear Plasticity was also selected because it is based on a true stress/strain and is expected that the simulation would be representative. The models were developed using Belytschko-Lin-Tsay shell elements and were compared with experimental tests employing uni-axial tension strips carried out on three materials – aluminium, high strength steel and mild steel. The tests were carried out using a DARTEC tensile testing machine (up to strain rate of 2.0s-1) at UCE in Birmingham. Testing for the higher strain rates (aluminium up to 269.1s-1, mild steel up to 460s-1, and high strength steel up to 456.9s-1), were carried out at The Royal Military College, Shrivenham using a ROSAND tester.

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38

Nurdin, Hendri, Purwantono Purwantono, and Khairul Umurani. "Tensile strength of welded joints in low carbon steel using metal inert gas (MIG) welding." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 21, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v21i3.934.

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The development of technology that has penetrated the industrial sector is very rapid. Many industrial fields apply the use of MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding for various jobs in steel construction, especially mild carbon steel. MIG welding has good welding results and fast welding time efficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tensile strength of welded joints on low carbon steel using MIG welding. The experimental method used in this study is to perform MIG welding on low-carbon steel plate profiles. The welded carbon steel is used as a test specimen and is formed according to the ASTM E8-M standard. Tensile testing is performed using a Shimadzu UH-300 kN type tensile testing machine. From this study, the tensile strength value of the test specimen welded by MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding is higher than the tensile strength of the parent metal (low carbon steel), so this shows the strength of the weld joint. The average value of tensile strength on the test specimen is (σ) 507.40 N/mm2 and average strain (ɛ) 3.63%. The MIG welding process, between the base metal and filler metal with different chemical compositions, can cause mixing and a dilution effect of two compositions.

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39

George, Tommy J., M. H. Herman Shen, Onome Scott-Emuakpor, Theodore Nicholas, Charles J. Cross, and Jeffrey Calcaterra. "Goodman Diagram Via Vibration-Based Fatigue Testing." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1836791.

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A new vibration-based fatigue testing methodology for assessing high-cycle turbine engine material fatigue strength at various stress ratios is presented. The idea is to accumulate fatigue energy on a base-excited plate specimen at high frequency resonant modes and to complete a fatigue test in a much more efficient way at very low cost. The methodology consists of (1) a geometrical design procedure, incorporating a finite-element model to characterize the shape of the specimen for ensuring the required stress state/pattern; (2) a vibration feedback empirical procedure for achieving the high-cycle fatigue experiments with variable-amplitude loading; and finally (3) a pre-strain procedure for achieving various uniaxial stress ratios. The performance of the methodology is demonstrated with experimental results for mild steel, 6061-T6 aluminum, and Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens subjected to a fully reversed bending, uniaxial stress state.

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40

Krolo, Paulina, Davor Grandić, and Željko Smolčić. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Mild Steel Behaviour under Cyclic Loading with Variable Strain Ranges." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7863010.

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To simulate the effect of variable strains on steel grades S275 and S355, an experimental displacement control test of plate specimens was performed. Specimens were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading according to the standard loading protocol of SAC 2000. During experimental testing, strain values were measured with an extensometer at the tapered part of the specimen. Strains obtained by the experimental tests are disproportional to the applied displacements at the ends of the specimens. This phenomenon occurs due to the imperfections of the specimen, hardening of the material, and the buckling behaviour that appears in real structures due to the high deformation experienced during earthquakes. Due to the relative simplicity and wide applicability of the Chaboche hardening model of steel, the calibration of hardening parameters based on experimental test results was conducted. For the first time, calibration of steel hardening parameters was performed following the Chaboche procedure to define the cyclic behaviour with variable strain ranges. The accuracy of the hardening model with variable strain ranges, which were simulated using ABAQUS software, was verified using the experimental results.

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41

Peasura, Prachya. "The Influence of Welding Parameters on Effected the Complete for Resistance Spot Welding on Mild Steel." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.113.

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This research was study the effect of resistance spot welding process on physical properties. The specimen was mild steel sheet metal. The experiments with full factorial design. The factors used in this study are welding current, welding time and electrode force. The welded specimens were tested by tensile shear testing according to JIS Z 3136: 1999 and macro structure testing according to JIS Z 3139: 1978. The result showed that both of welding current, welding time and electrode force had interaction on tensile shear and nugget size at 95% confidential (P value < 0.05). Factors affecting the tensile shear and nugget size are the most welding current 10,000 amp., welding time 10 cycle and electrode force 1 kN. were tensile shear 7.13 kN. and nugget size maximum 6.75 mm. This research can bring information to the foundation in choosing the appropriate parameters to resistance spot welding process.

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42

Vasudev, Hitesh. "Wear Characteristics of Ni-WC Powder Deposited by Using a Microwave Route on Mild Steel." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 8, no. 1 (January 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2020010104.

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In the present research work, Ni-WC powder was deposited on mild steel using a microwave applicator. Deposited clad has a thickness of 0.5 mm and deposition time taken for coating was 15 minutes for each sample size. The developed layer on the substrate was analysed through several testing techniques include mechanical characterization by the Vickers hardness test and a wear test on the Pin-on disc apparatus according to ASTM-G99 standard. Furthermore, micro structural characterization was done by using scanning electron microscopy technique and it has shown proper bonding between powder and substrate. Coating showed excellent results in terms of hardness and wear resistance as compared to base material mils steel. The pullout, scoring and abrasion were the responsible wear mechanisms in the substrate and clad.

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43

Khalid, Ayesha, M. Ghazanfar Ali, Dr Tariq Mairaj Rasool Khan, Muhammad Imran, Salman Nisar, Aqueel Shah, and Abid Shah. "Assessment and Characterization of Welded Mild Steel (E-6013) Using Ultrasonic Testing and Hilbert Huang Transform." Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing 57, no. 5 (May 2021): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106183092105003x.

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44

Liu, Yi, Xue-Wen Tao, Nai-Ji Liu, and Xiao-Wei Li. "Determination of of mild steel by the impact method of testing side-grooved precracked TPB specimens." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 28, no. 3 (January 1987): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(87)90229-3.

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45

Ahmad, Sazzad, and Wahidur Rahman Sajal. "An Experimental Investigation of Relationship between surface Hardness and Strength of Locally produced TMT 500W bar in Bangladesh." Journal of Engineering Science 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v11i1.49554.

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The high-strength mild steel bars (usually low carbon steel) are widely used for structural purposes throughout the world including Bangladesh. The strength of these deformed barsis measured through a sample decimation process via Universal Testing Machine (UTM), after which the broken pieces are discarded as scrap for recycling. Therefore, measuring the hardness of steel could be a good indication of strength and will involve less sample and short time for testing. The strength–hardness relationship for steel and cast iron is well defined. However, the TMT 500W deformed bar using in Bangladesh has different structural phenomena due to its unique fabrication technique. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the strength varies with hardness for this grade of steel. The current research aims to explore the hardness–strength relationship for TMT (Thermomechanical Treatment) 500W bar as an alternate of the tensile test to minimize the wastage, cost and time of testing. Several TMT 500W bars were collected from the local market and measured the Rockwell Hardness B (HRB), strength and other relevant macroscopic/microscopic parameters. Finally, two empirical relationships of yield and tensile strength have been established using rim hardness, core hardness, and rim thickness data. The actual strength data shows a good agreement with present findings and the result variation is found less than 2% and 3% in the case of yield strength and tensile strength respectively. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 113-122

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46

Shen, Gongtian, and Yongna Shen. "Study on the characteristics of magneto acoustic emission for mild steel fatigue." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2182 (September 14, 2020): 20190586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0586.

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Fatigue life of materials or structures can be classified into three stages: fatigue hardening or softening, crack initiation and crack propagation, which includes two stages. Current mature non-destructive testing (NDT) methods can only detect macro or visible cracks in stage II crack propagation. In order to detect and evaluate the fatigue damage occurring before stage II crack propagation quickly and effectively, magneto acoustic emission (MAE) measurement was carried out on laboratory specimens with different numbers of fatigue cycles. With the accumulation of fatigue damage, the RMS of MAE decrease steadily on the whole, making MAE a promising non-destructive method for evaluating fatigue damage. To make MAE applicable in noisy environments, square waveform voltage were selected to excite magnetic fields, and ‘T' type MAE signals with higher amplitude were produced. The variation of MAE with number of fatigue cycles at different excitation intensity indicated that the defects associated with fatigue damage have greater effects on the creation and annihilation of domain walls. The point where the MAE amplitude begins to increase instead of decrease with fatigue can be an indicator for the onset of stage II crack propagation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring'.

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47

Kovalenko, Vadym, and Valerii Kotok. "Optimization of the formation technology of tripolyphosphate coating on mild steel." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 6 (113) (October 29, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.242409.

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Tripolyphosphate conversion coatings are promising due to the active type of anti-corrosion protection. However, to be introduced into production, it is necessary to optimize the technology of tripolyphosphate coating deposition. Coatings were deposited to samples of st05kp cold-rolled sheet steel (analogs G10050, G10060, 1CR, 2CR, D6-2, DG-2) from aqueous solutions of sodium tripolyphosphate (4 %, 6 %, 10 %, 12 %, 14 %) at t=80 °C by dip coating and sputtering. The specific weight and morphology of the coating were determined. The corrosion-protective capability was studied in the G-4 climatic chamber at 90 °C and 100 % humidity using Akimov's test. The prospects of the dip coating and sputtering methods were shown. It was revealed that in the dip coating method, the specific weight of the coating was 1–4 g/m2 and increased linearly at a rate of 0.3–0.35 g/m2 by 1 % (wt.) Na5P3O10. For the sputtering coating method, it was revealed that at 4–8 % Na5P3O10, the growth rate of the specific weight was 0.2 g/m2 by 1 % Na5P3O10 and the specific weight exceeded that of the coating obtained by the dip coating method, due to accelerated oxygen access and increased coating formation rate. At 10–14 % Na5P3O10, the growth rate of the specific weight was 0.55–0.65 g/m2 by 1 % Na5P3O10. However, the specific weight was lower than that of the coating obtained by the dip coating method, due to the self-compaction of the iron tripolyphosphate matrix and decreased mass of the Na5P3O10 filler. Using accelerated corrosion testing methods, the optimum Na5P3O10 concentration to obtain a coating with the highest corrosion-protective capability was 6 %–10 % (wt.). The correlation of the protective capability of the coating samples with the coating defects and cracks was revealed

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48

Li, Yu Lin, Zhe Rui Huang, Qing Dong Zhong, Chen Xiao, Hui Li, and Jin Hu Sun. "Morphology, Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Nano-Enamel Coating Changed on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Materials Science Forum 893 (March 2017): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.893.309.

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Using a sol-gel method and impregnation technology to produce nanoenamel coating on polished Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The morphology, structure and phase composition of nanoenamel coatings modified on mild steel were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electro microscopy (SEM) and tested by some electrochemical methods, such as open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization testing [1]. All of these method can select the samples which perform the best corrosion resisitance.

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49

Srinivasan, N., N. Raghu, and B. Venkatraman. "Study on Lüders Deformation in Welded Mild Steel Using Infrared Thermography and Digital Image Correlation." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.82.

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Studies on characterizing heterogeneous deformations in many materials under different loading conditions using imaging NDE techniques like Infrared thermography (IRT) and Digital image correlation (DIC) began in the last decade and have been reported by many researchers. This work aims in experimental investigation of one such heterogeneous deformation namely Lüders band phenomenon in welded IS 2062 E250-B mild steel during monotonic, uniaxial tensile testing using IRT and DIC. Also attempt has been made to study the generation of pre-yield microstrain in welded material. An understanding of nucleation and propagation of Lüders band in welded specimen is made based on temperature and strain changes.

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Roman Kalvin, Juntakan Taweekun, Muhammad Waqas Mustafa, Saba Arif, and Abdullah Javed. "Investigation of Chip Formation and its Grain Structure using Vegetable Oil Based Lubricants." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 84, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.84.2.9297.

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This research aims to compare the chips formed by using different vegetable oil based lubricants such as coconut oil, cooking oil, hair oil etc. For this purpose, drilling was affordable and easy process which was used. The process was applied on AISI 1080 Mild Steel and chips and their grain structure were examined through Material Testing Microscope model TESCAN (MIRA 3 XMU Type) to check surface morphology. As a result of chip analysis through Material Testing Microscope; coconut oil gave better chip length with better grain structure. The lubricants or material can be changed to see the difference or resemblance of chip structure formed as a result.

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