Готові списки джерел за темами / Mild steel Anodic oxidation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Mild steel Anodic oxidation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Mild steel Anodic oxidation"

Kusmanov, S. A., I. V. Tambovskii, T. L. Mukhacheva, S. A. Silkin, and I. S. Gorokhov. "Cathodic Boronitrocarburising and Anodic Polishing of Mild Steel 20 in Electrolitic Plasma." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 58, no. 5 (October 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2022.58.5.01.

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The paper discusses a possibility of increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of a low carbon steel surface after cathodic plasma electrolytic boronitrocarburising in a solution of boric acid, glycerin, and ammonium chloride, with the subsequent anodic plasma electrolytic polishing in an ammonium sulfate solution due to the formation of a modified structure consisting of a dense oxide layer and a diffusion layer below it, which contains up to 0.87% carbon, 0.80% nitrogen, and 0.87% boron upon reaching microhardness up to 970±20 HV. The competitive influence of the surface erosion under the action of discharges and high-temperature oxidation on the morphology and roughness of the surface is revealed. A positive effect of reducing the surface roughness during the formation of a dense oxide layer on the surface and a hardened diffusion layer under it on reducing the friction coefficient and mass wear, as well as reducing the roughness and additional oxidation of the surface during polishing on reducing the corrosion current density, has been established.

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Elkais, Ali, Milica Gvozdenovic, Branimir Jugovic, Tomislav Trisovic, Miodrag Maksimovic, and Branimir Grgur. "Electrochemical synthesis and corrosion behavior of thin polyaniline film on mild steel, copper and aluminum." Chemical Industry 65, no. 1 (2011): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100901069e.

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The electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) on mild steel, aluminum and copper from the sodium benzoate solutions has been investigated. It has been shown that thin, highly adherent, polyaniline films on the investigated metals could be obtained by anodic oxidation with current densities in the range of 0.5 and 1.5 mA cm-2. The corrosion behavior of mild steel, aluminum and copper with polyaniline coating in 0.5 mol dm3 NaCl (pH 3) solutions, has been investigated by polarization technique. The corrosion current densities, porosity and protection efficiency was determined. It has been shown that polyaniline coating provided corrosion protection of all mentioned metals.

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Zhirov, A. V., A. O. Komarov, V. V. Danilov, and S. A. Shorokhov. "Effect of glycerine concentration on dissolution and oxidation of mild steel during anodic cementation." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 48, no. 3 (May 2012): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375512030143.

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Azizi, Asghar, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, and Mohammad Karamoozian. "Galvanic Interaction between Chalcopyrite and Pyrite with Low Alloy and High Carbon Chromium Steel Ball." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/817218.

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This study was aimed to investigate the galvanic interaction between pyrite and chalcopyrite with two types of grinding media (low alloy and high carbon chromium steel ball) in grinding of a porphyry copper sulphide ore. Results indicated that injection of different gases into mill altered the oxidation-reduction environment during grinding. High carbon chromium steel ball under nitrogen gas has the lowest galvanic current, and low alloy steel ball under oxygen gas had the highest galvanic current. Also, results showed that the media is anodic relative to pyrite and chalcopyrite, and therefore pyrite or chalcopyrite with a higher rest potential acted as the cathode, whilst the grinding media with a lower rest potential acted as the anode, when they are electrochemically contacted. It was also found that low alloy steel under oxygen produced the highest amount of EDTA extractable iron in the slurry, whilst high carbon chromium steel under nitrogen atmosphere led to the lowest amount.

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Nilavan, Anitha, Balasubramani Sathiyaprabha, Senthil Vadivelan Anu Ratthika, Sahaya Joseph Jeyaraj Philo Seeli, Arulanandam Jerleen Sindhuja, Subburam Rakshana, Arockiasamy Merlin Princy, and Susai Rajendran. "Influence of a Show Case Polish Coating on Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution." Oriental Journal of Physical Sciences 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojps07.01.03.

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Mild steel is relatively less expensive. So in reinforced concrete, mild steel can be used. Mild steel in concrete structures may experience corrosion. To avert corrosion of mild steel, a number of inhibitors are used along with concrete admixtures. In this category of research, saturated calcium hydroxide solution is considered as simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS). Numerous corrosion inhibitors have been utilized in this field along with organic coatings. In the present investigation show case polish coated mild steel has been used in concrete. The corrosion resistance has been calculated by electrochemical studies such as polarization study and AC impedance spectra. When show case polish coated mild steel is immersed in SCPS, the corrosion resistance of mild steel increases. This is long-established by the facts that in presence of show case polish coating , the linear polarization resistance value increases, corrosion current value decreases, charge transfer resistance increases, double layer capacitance decreases, impedance increases, and phase angle increases. The protecting layer functions as anodic inhibitor and controls the anodic reaction primarily. The protective coating offers 99.99% inhibition efficiency. It implies that the show case polish coated mild steel can be used in concrete technology. This will increase the lifetime of the rebars.

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Zhang, Da Lei, You Hai Jin, Yan Li, and Xiao Tang. "Study of Electrochemical Inhomogeneity of Zinc in Zinc/Steel Couple during Galvanize Corrosion by Wire Beam Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 266 (June 2011): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.263.

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The localized electrochemical characteristics of the anodic metal within a zinc/steel couple immersed in seawater was investigated using an Wire Beam Electrode(WBE) composed of 9 zinc wire sensors together with 112 mild steel ones. The results showed that potential and current density distributions of zinc wires were inhomogeneous; main anodic area transferred from the zinc wires adjacent to steel wires to those farther away from zinc/steel interface gradually; besides, some zinc wires behaved as secondary cathodes. This electrochemical inhomogeneity of zinc might mainly be ascribed to the dissimilar distance between zinc and mild steel wire sensors, and their surface electrochemical state as well.

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Khalil, M. W. "Anodic Tafel behaviour of mild steel in presence of inhibitors." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23, no. 3 (March 1992): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19920230311.

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Shtefan, V., N. Kanunnikova, and N. Balamut. "ANODIC OXIDATION OF AISI 304 STEEL IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 3, no. 56 (December 27, 2018): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.3.56.2018.09.

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Su, Tie Jun, and Ke Hua Li. "Adsorption and Inhibitive Properties of 1-phenylaminomethyl-benzimidazole on Corrosion of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.536.

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The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 5.0 M HCl by 1–phenylaminomethyl-benzimidazo -le (PMB) was studied by gravimetric and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Inhibition efficiency of PMB increased with increase in the concentration of inhibitor and decreased with the increase in temperature. PMB acts as anodic-type inhibitor for mild steel. The adsorption of PMB on mild steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

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Jegdic, Bore, Dragutin Drazic, and Jovan Popic. "Corrosion potential of 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 5 (2006): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0605543j.

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The potentiodynamic study of the electrochemical behavior of austenitic 304 stainless steel in deaerated aqueous sulfuric acid of pH 1 revealed that the steel achieved a stable corrosion potential of ca. - 0.350 V (SCE) independent of whether the electrode had previously been cathodically "activated" or anodically passivated. It was also shown that the experimentally observed anodic peak was not the usually obtained anodic passivation peak, as is the case with a number of metal, but an artifact due to the anodic oxidation of hydrogen absorbed during the previously employed cathodic polarization and hydrogen evolution, intended to activate the initially passive surface, or even hydrogen absorbed on the open circuit potential. It was shown that this potential establishes and electrochemical corrosion potential of the Wagner-Traud type due to the evolution of cathodic hydrogen on a passivated steel surface and anodic metal dissolution through the passive layer. It was impossible to activate 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid of pH 1 by cathodic polarization, and the usually observed anodic peak obtained under these conditions should not be considered as an active metal dissolution process and a passivation anodic peak, but rather as an artifact due to the electrochemical oxidation of the in the steel absorbed hydrogen.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Mild steel Anodic oxidation"

Howes, Thomas Edward. "Erosion-oxidation of mild steel in a fluidized bed environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253786.

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This thesis is a contribution to research into erosion-corrosion investigating the rapid wastage of in-bed heat exchanger tubing in fluidized bed combustors. Two main new areas of research were investigated; erosion-corrosion of mild steel in a temperature gradient and erosion-corrosion modelling. It has been suggested that differences between the wastage behaviour measured in fluidized bed combustors and laboratory studies is due to laboratory tests being carried out isothermally (specimen and fluidized bed at the same temperature) whereas, in a FBC boiler, the fluidized bed is considerably hotter than the metal heat exchanger tubing. The fluidized bed test rig was modified to increase the temperature gradient between the specimen and the fluidized bed from initial tests conducted by Rogers (1992b). Tests were carried out over a range of bed temperatures (300-500° C) and cooled specimen surface temperatures (175-500° C) with a maximum temperature difference between the two of 250° C. It was discovered that the temperature of the wear scar during a test was up to 200° C hotter than the temperature at the back of the specimen where the specimen temperature was initially measured in tests by Rogers (1992b). After temperature calibration tests the wastage of the specimens in a temperature gradient were very similar to the wastage of specimens exposed isothermally at the same metal temperature. Short term oxidation experiments were conducted on mild steel to obtain oxidation kinetics for erosion-corrosion modelling. It was found that the initial apparent parabolic rate constant was an order of magnitude larger than at longer time. Erosion studies were conducted with the aim to obtain quantitative data on the particle flux and the erosive behaviour of the bed with temperature. Results were not accurate enough to yield quantitative data but provided an estimate of the particle flux in the fluidized bed test rig. Results obtained from the short term oxidation and erosion studies were used in simple erosion-oxidation models to construct erosion-corrosion regime maps which tended to predict metal erosion to higher temperatures than observed experimentally. Predictions of material wear from the combination of an oxide removal and spalling mechanism predicted sensible wastage rates which agreed with experimental results.

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Zhang, Wei. "Initiation and Propagation of Localized Corrosion of Mild Steel in Marginally Sour Environments." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1605039352183903.

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Graham, Fiona Jane. "Electrochemical investigation of the growth of anodic films on iron and ferrous alloys." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4875.

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An electrochemical investigation of the corrosion of iron and Fe18Cr based stainless steel alloys was undertaken with particular emphasis on the nucleation and growth of surface films. Chronoamperometry was shown to be a sensitive technique to investigate the initial stages of film formation and growth. In a variety of acidic (pH < 7), alkaline and alkaline cyanide electrolytes, providing dissolution of the substrate metal could occur rising current transients, similar to those reported in electrocrystallisation studies, were observed when the electrode was stepped to the appropriate potential. This indicated that at these potentials the surface film formed via the nucleation and growth of discrete nuclei. A significant aspect of this study was visual evidence of this nucleation and subsequent growth of the film provided by scanning electron microscopy which supported the electrochemical data and interpretation thereof. Existing electrocrystallisation models were used to evaluate the experimental rising current transients. While these models gave an indication as to the prevailing nucleation and growth mechanism, they were found to be inadequate in describing anodic oxide formation on an oxidising substrate. A qualitative model was proposed. In acidic electrolytes, rising chronoamperometric transients were observed for Fe, Cr and Fe18Cr at passive potentials and for FexCr (x = 16,18, 20,23% Cr) and alloys 444, 4732, 4733, 304L and 316L at transpassive potentials. The transients were shown to be sensitive to variations of potential, temperature, electrolyte and alloy composition. A systematic investigation of the influence of temperature (20 0 C - 1200 C) on the chronoamperometric, cyclic voltammetric and rotating ring - disc electrode behaviour of Fe in O.5M and 1.0M NaOH was also undertaken. In alkaline electrolytes, the formation of a duplex surface film was proposed, with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicating that the protective base layer consisted of FeO while Fez03 and FeOOH constituted the upper layer. Base layer formation was favoured with increasing temperature and increasing hydroxide ion concentration of the electrolyte. Addition of OAM NaCN to O.5M and 1.0M NaOH had a marked effect on the electrochemistry of the system, with CN- inhibiting surface film formation, particularly of the upper layer. A mechanism for the oxidation of Fe in alkaline and alkaline cyanide electrolytes was proposed.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1994.

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Chen, Dong Hong, and 陳東宏. "Effect of Ethanol and Sulphur Content on the High-temperature Oxidation of Mild Steel in Moisture Atmosphere." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82777728585757711436.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
97
The mild steel of SAPH440 used for motorcycle and automobile exhaust pipe was oxidized by an experimentally sequential simulation in a high temperature containing ethanol, sulphur acid with against composition ratio at the temperature of 500oC, 600oC, and 700oC. An oxidation tests were also performed on the same material by varying an range oxidation temperature of 600 to 750oC with alcohol concentration of 95%. Water vapor and air in the atmosphere chamber may simultaneously oxidize a metal and alloys for a long time exposure. The behavior of oxidation corrosion of the material was investigated by the weight change, the thickness of scale formed, and the microstructure of the sample after the oxidation test. The experimental results show that the temperature and an atmosphere condition containing hydrogen, oxygen and other oxidant elements had obviously influenced the corrosion characteristic of material. The presence of these elements lead to the main factor in the mechanism of oxidation corrosion. After oxidation test, according to XRD analysis the scale formed and covered of surface material composed of Fe2O3/Fe3O4/FeO at the above 570oC temperature by forming thin membrane. In contrast, at the lower temperature, FeO was not found because FeO had separated into constituents of Fe3O4 and Fe. At the lower temperature of 570oC, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were found in the outside and inside of scale formed as corrosion products. In addition, the weight lost increased by thickening of thin membrane of scale to generate corrosion product at a different temperature treatments in the atmosphere containing 95 % ethanol, pure water, and air. Whereas, mechanism of oxidation corrosion just took the second stage and minimum effect for the pure water and air, respectively.

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Chuang, Che-Hao, and 莊哲豪. "The Study on Corrosion Behaviors of Hot-Dip Aluminized Coating Formed on Low Carbon Steel by Anodic Treatment in the Sodium Chloride Aqueous Solution and High-Temperature Oxidation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53667859144585051307.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
97
AISI 1005 steel was coated by hot-dipping into a molten pure aluminum, and then underwent an anodizing treatment to form an anodic oxide layer on the coating surface. The corrosion behavior of the modified aluminide steel was analyzed by immersion and electrochemical tests in NaCl aqueous solution and high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion tests. The results showed that the anodized aluminide steel can not used in high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion environment due to the spallation of the anodic alumina oxide layer caused by the thermal stress. On the other hand, the immersion and electrochemical tests in NaCl aqueous solution revealed that corrosion resistance of the aluminide steel after anodizing treatment of 60 minutes is better than the mild steel and aluminide steel, indicating that the aluminide mild steel after anodizing treatment can enhance its corrosion resistance in NaCl aqueous solution.

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Частини книг з теми "Mild steel Anodic oxidation"

Mei, Le Fu, Kai Ming Liang, and Hai Bin Li. "The Effect of Zirconia Sol-Gel Coatings on Mild Steel Oxidation Resistance." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 1005–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.1005.

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Malik, A. U., and Sharif Ahmad. "INFLUENCE OF RARE EARTH OXIDES ON THE OXIDATION BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIDE COATING ON MILD STEEL." In New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications, 1276. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-767662-3.50108-x.

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Ruiz-Andrés, M., A. Conde, J. de Damborenea, and I. García. "Wear Behavior of Aluminum Alloys at Slow Sliding Speeds." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000449.

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The investigated slow sliding speeds presented in this work enable the understanding of the wear behavior on aluminum alloys and could possibly facilitate the completion of the previously proposed wear mechanism map for aluminum at this slow sliding speed range. Dry sliding block-on-ring wear tests were carried out on aluminum alloys, AA5754 (Al-Mg), AA6082 (Al-Mg-Si), and AA7075 (Al-Zn-Cu), at a very slow sliding speed range (<0.01 m/s). A bearing steel ring of AISI 52100 was used as the counterbody. Tests were performed at varying contact pressures, 20, 100, and 140 MPa, and sliding speeds ranging from 0.001 to 1.5 m/s. The wear tracks and debris collected were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), with the aim of analyzing their morphology and composition. At relatively slow sliding speeds (>0.01 m/s), the specimens exhibited a wear process placed at the mild wear regime, characterized by oxidation and delamination mechanisms of both the aluminum specimen and the steel ring. However, at very slow speed range (<0.01 m/s), an increase in the wear rate and the friction coefficient is observed for all of the aluminum alloys, thus suggesting that an alternative wear mechanism could be taking place.

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Gnanasekaran, S., Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai, G. Padmanaban, and S. Sivananthan. "Microstructural and High Temperature Wear Characteristics of Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Ni–Cr–Si–B-C Alloy Deposits." In Liquid Metals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98622.

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Due to the tough working environments, wear damage to nuclear reactor components is frequent. Usually, nuclear elements run at 573 k to 873 k. The feed water controller valves, used for the thundering of coolant flow, wear out faster among the reactor components. Austenitic stainless steels, using different methods for hardfacing, improve wear resistance to the cobalt and nickel alloys. Nickel based hardfacing is more resistant to wear than cobalt based hardfacing at high temperatures thanks to the solid oxide layers. Austenitic stainless-steel substrates generally favor nickel-based hardfaced (Ni–Cr-Si–B-C) over cobalt-driven hardfacing because this reduces radiation-induced nuclear activity. A well-known surface method for depositing nickel hardfacing, minimal dilution, alloys is the Plasma Transfer Arc (PTAs) weld technique. In this study the Ni-based alloy is hardfaced over a 316 L (N) ASS substratum with PTA hardfacing, for a dense of approximately 4–4.5 mm. The substrates and deposits were tested at different temperatures with a pin on disc wear (room temperature, 150 and 250°C).When grinding with 1000 grain SiC abrasive paper, the wear test samples were polished to the roughness value (Ra) of less than 0,25 m.The deposit showed a variety of wear mechanisms regarding the test temperature. Using friction and wear values and wear analysis, the wear mechanisms were determined. There was a considerable wear loss at room temperature (RT).At 423 K operating heat, mild ploughing at short sliding distances and tribo-oxidation were carried out with increasing sliding time.The primary wear mechanism was adherence at the time of operating temperature at 623 K, but as the sliding distance widened, tribo-oxidation improved. In combination with a working hardened substrate, the formation of an oxide layer could significantly reduce the wear loss of nickel-based alloys.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Mild steel Anodic oxidation"

Smith, M. F., R. C. Dykhuizen, and R. A. Neiser. "Oxidation in HVOF-Sprayed Steel." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0885.

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Abstract It is widely held that most of the oxidation in thermally sprayed coatings occurs on the surface of the droplet after it has flattened. The evidence in this paper suggests that, for the conditions studied here, oxidation of the top surface of flattened droplets is not the dominant oxidation mechanism. In this study, a mild steel wire (AISI 1025) was sprayed using a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) torch onto copper and aluminum substrates. Ion milling and Auger spectroscopy were used to examine the distribution of oxides within individual splats. Conventional metallographic analysis was also used to study oxide distributions within coatings that were sprayed under the same conditions. An analytical model for oxidation of the exposed surface of a splat is presented. Based on literature data, the model assumes that diffusion of iron through a solid FeO layer is the rate limiting factor in forming the oxide on the top surface of a splat. An FeO layer only a few thousandths of a micron thick is predicted to form on the splat surface as it cools. However, the experimental evidence shows that the oxide layers are typically 100x thicker than the predicted value. These thick, oxide layers are not always observed on the top surface of a splat. Indeed, in some instances the oxide layer is on the bottom, and the metal is on the top. The observed oxide distributions are more consistently explained if most of the oxide formed before the droplets impact the substrate.

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Elkais, Ali Ramadan, and Mohamed K. Zambri. "Evaluation Of Corrosion Resistance Of Mild Steel And Aluminium Using Anodic Inhibitor Method And Passivity." In The First Conference for Engineering Sciences and Technology. AIJR Publisher, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.2.37.

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Chen, Kai, and Y. Lawrence Yao. "Striation Formation and Surface Finish in Laser Cutting of Mild Steel." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1104.

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Abstract The mechanisms of melt ejection and striation formation in laser cutting of mild steel are discussed. It is argued that the melt ejection from the cutting front is not a steady state process, but rather shows a cyclic phenomenon. The striation are strongly affected by the unstable characteristic of the thin liquid film on the cutting front during the melt ejection, together with the oxidation and heat transfer process. Dependent on the cutting speed, the liquid film will either rupture or generate waves on the cutting front. Theoretical explanation is given according to the instability theory of a thin liquid film in a high velocity gas jet and the diffusion controlled oxidation theory. The striation frequency and depth can be estimated according to the above theories. Experimental investigations were carried out and the results are consistent with the calculations. The better understanding has shed light on further investigations and optimal process development.

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Powell, J., D. Petring, R. V. Kumar, S. O. Al-Mashikhi, A. F. H. Kaplan, and K. T. Voisey. "The energy generated by the oxidation reaction during laser-oxygen cutting of mild steel." In ICALEO® 2008: 27th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5061252.

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Gadkari, A., A. S. Khanna, and N. B. Dahotre. "Wear Resistance of Laser Alloyed ZrB2 Coatings on Mild Steel." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0999.

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Abstract Borides are promising materials with good wear and corrosion resistance properties. Boride coatings are expected to perform better where wear and corrosion resistances are simultaneously required. Zirconium diboride is an important emerging material for such applications, due to its high hardness, high melting point, good wear resistance and corrosion as well as high temperature oxidation resistance. Special properties of laser beam like beam directionality, high intensity and spatial resolution makes laser alloying a fast and efficient technique for producing improved wear resistance coatings. In the present work, mild steel was laser alloyed with ZrB2, using "two-stage" technique of laser alloying. These coatings after characterization by optical microscopy, SEM, EDAX and XRD techniques were tested on a "Pin-on-Disk" machine for determining their wear resistance.

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Deshmukh, K., and K. S. V. Santhanam. "Polymeric Electrode for Sodium Borohydride Fuel Cell." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2513.

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Reported here is the first example of sodium borohydride fuel cell constructed with electro-active conducting Polycarbazole (Pcz) and oxygen cathode. A Pcz electrode is made by depositing a thin film of the polymer on Stainless Steel (SS) substrate. The multistage oxidation process of borohydride is expected to involve 8e− with borate as the end product. The oxidative process at the Pcz electrode has been examined by Cyclic Voltametry (CV). The direct oxidation of borohydride on SS was not observed in CV; however it is distinctly visible at the Pcz electrode. The borohydride oxidation at the Pcz electrode occurs at Ep = −0.29 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The process was studied using scan rates of 10 mV/s to 100 mV/s. The anodic peak current increases linearly with the sweep rate and also with concentration of borohydride, suggesting that the oxidative process is diffusion controlled. The mechanism of borohydride oxidation has been investigated and compared with the oxidation on platinum or gold electrode. The results suggest that the borohydride fuel cell as operating efficiently with the Pcz anode or cathode. Preliminary results will be reported.

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Tang, Feng, Leonardo Ajdelsztajn, and Julie M. Schoenung. "Effects of Cryomilling on the Oxidation of Thermally Sprayed MCrAlY." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0148.

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Abstract Cryomilling was applied to conventional gas-atomized CoNiCrAlY powder to produce powder with nanocrystalline grains. The cryomilled powder and gas-atomized powder were HVOF sprayed onto mild steel sheets to prepare two coatings with fine-grained (~15 nm) and coarse-grained (~one micron) microstructure, respectively. Isothermal oxidation tests in air at 1000°C were conducted for the two coatings for up to 330 h. The morphology and composition of the thermally grown oxides (TGOs) formed on the two coatings were characterized with XRD, SEM, and EDS and compared with each other. After oxidation for up to 24 h, a pure alumina scale formed on the cryomilled coating, while a mixed oxide layer formed on the conventional coating. However, after oxidation for 330 h, non-alumina oxides formed also on the cryomilled coating. These results indicate that, while a fine-grained microstructure can promote the formation of a pure alumina scale after short-term oxidation by increasing the Al diffusion rate toward the surface, it can also accelerate the Al depletion by increasing the Al diffusion rate toward the substrate, which results in the formation of non-alumina oxides after long-term oxidation. The mechanisms governing the oxide formation are discussed in terms of atomic diffusion and thermodynamic stability.

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Ellor, James A., and Patrick J. Cassidy. "Electrostatic-Based Cathodic Protection Modeling." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86308.

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A corrosion engineer is often faced with the design of complex cathodic protection systems. Cathodic protection (CP) is defined as the application of an electrical current to suppress the corrosion (anodic or oxidation) reaction. When steel (or iron) corrodes, the reaction is Fe ← Fe+2 + 2e− (anodic or oxidation reaction). The reaction is suppressed through CP by using an external energy source or sacrificial material to make the reaction shown above unfavorable. If we are using an outside energy source, which is actually an external current source, we call it Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP). Design of an ICCP system involves establishing the optimal location and functional parameters for anodes and reference cells on the structure that the engineer is trying to protect. One of the more challenging aspects of this design effort is the ability to predict the distribution of current from one or more anodes to the structure protected. There are various empirical methods for making such estimates as well as comprehensive, computer-based software for modeling complex structures. However, a reasonable estimate of current distribution can be made on the basis of the principles of electrostatics using a common commercial spreadsheet program. This modeling approach proves to be simple to use, is inexpensive compared to the other modeling software on the market and gives meaningful results in a very short period of time.

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He, D. Y., B. Y. Fu, J. M. Jiang, and X. Y. Li. "Study on Abrasive Resistance of Arc Spraying Fe-Based Coatings Containing Cr3C2 Hard Phase." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p1135.

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Abstract Thermal spray processes are widely used to protect materials and components against wear, corrosion and oxidation. As commercial arc sprayed coatings have been used to a limited extent in applications involving erosion and abrasion wear, developing attractive wear resistance arc sprayed coatings has been found necessary. Abrasive wear testing was carried out on four Fe-based composite coatings containing varied contents of Cr3C2 particles as hard phases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for observing the surfaces of the composite coatings, and wear mechanisms of the coatings were discussed on the basis of the observation. The results obtained from MLS- 225 wet sand/rubber wheel test showed that the abrasive wear resistance of composite coatings with Cr3C2 hard phase is about 28 times higher than that of Q235 mild steel. The coating method was proved effective in producing a uniform and dense lamellar structure. The excellent abrasive resistance of the composite coatings with Cr3C2 particles were found to be related to three major factors: enhanced bulk hardness, compact lamellar structure and strong bonding between matrix and hard phase, as well as a load supporting system constructed by the hard phase structure.

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Simard, S., and B. Arsenault. "Influence of Thermal Spray Process on the Corrosion Behavior of High-Density 316 Stainless Steel Coatings in Simulated Marine Environment." In ITSC2003, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p0323.

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Abstract Under marine and coastal conditions, the degradation by corrosion of low-alloyed steels is generally observed. In order to overcome such important corrosion problems, the use of thermal spray coatings made of noble materials may be an attractive solution. 316 stainless steel thermal spray coating, an iron alloy coating, is often considered for corrosion protection because of its low material cost. Also, the high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) is often the selected coating process because it is known to provide coatings with a very low porosity level preventing the corrosive media to reach the substrate. The present paper compares the corrosion behavior of wrought 316 stainless steel with sprayed coatings made of the same alloy on 1020 mild steel. The corrosion behavior of materials is studied under salt fog conditions and with electrochemical techniques in brine simulating the marine environment. The coatings have been sprayed by HVOF under usual conditions. The results of this study demonstrate that the material behavior with regard to corrosion is process dependent . The HVOF sprayed stainless steel coating is much more sensitive to corrosion than wrought stainless steel. Corrosion product appearing on the samples is not only linked to the corrosion of the substrate by diffusion of the corrosive solution through pores but is also generated by intrinsic corrosion of coating itself. An enhanced sensitivity of the coating with regard to corrosion is attributed to the surface of particles or droplets, which are most likely degraded during the spraying process. However, thermal spray coatings having performances as good as wrought stainless steel can be obtained. In the present work, it is demonstrated that coatings obtained using vacuum plasma spray (VPS) have similar corrosion properties than wrought stainless steel in simulated marine environment. The industries considering corrosion protection of their components in marine environments by the use of stainless steel coatings must be aware of the reliability of their coatings. During the usual HVOF spray process, particles or droplets of stainless steel 316 are subject to important modification leading to a loss of performance against corrosion. Oxidation of alloying elements necessary to obtain a good stainless steel most likely occurs. However, the use of vacuum sprayed stainless steel coatings results to efficient protection against corrosion in marine environment.

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