Дисертації з теми "Mild conditions"
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1
Del, Real Laborde Jose Ignacio. "An Apple Rest Model for Mild Winter Conditions." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2060.
Анотація:
Two areas of research are reported: an experiment on the effects of warm temperature prestratification treatments on seed dormancy and a new chill unit model. Crabapple seeds (Malus sargentii Rehd.) were allowed to imbibe water and were given warm pretreatments at temperatures of 16, 20, 24 and 28C for periods of 3, 10, 20 or 30 days before cold stratification at 4C for 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 days. Pretreatments resulted in increased chilling requirements for seedling emergence. A short chilling period (20 days) also altered the leaf area, shoot length, internodal length and root/shoot ratio of the resulting seedlings. The new chill unit model was developed from data from seed experiments and tested with records of 11 years. A three-dimensional model for the transition through apple tree dormancy is proposed. The new model evaluates the effectiveness of different temperatures for the transition between dormancy induction and dormancy release according to physiological time. The standard of measurement for this model is the chill unit (CU), which is defined as the equivalent of one-hour exposure to the optimal temperature during the optimal physiological time for dormancy development. The general pattern of temperature activity for dormancy development is sigmoidal; and temperature effectiveness through the process varies according to length of exposure, temperature cycling and time. The new model permits a more accurate prediction of dormancy development under subtropical conditions than previous models and will predict the amount of leafing that will occur in spring. The prediction efficiency of leafing under subtropical conditions was improved from an r2 of 0.66 for the Utah Chill Unit Model to an r2 of 0.74 for the new model when compared under Mexican conditions.
2
Hu, Di. "Photocatalytic methane conversion into chemicals and fuels under mild conditions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR034.
Анотація:
Un processus photo-chemo-catalytique en cascade à un pot pour l'oxydation du méthane en acide formique a été proposé. Un photocatalyseur spécialement conçu et un catalyseur hétérogène commercial ont été utilisés ensemble dans le processus en cascade. La conversion sélective du méthane en acide formique s'effectue d'abord sur le sel de césium de l'acide phosphotungstique (CsPW) supporté par l'oxyde de titane, qui oxyde le méthane par photocatalyse sous irradiation en un mélange de composés oxygénés liquides C1. Les composés oxygénés liquides C1 produits par photocatalyse sont ensuite convertis sélectivement en acide formique sur le catalyseur hétérogène au ruthénium supporté par de l'alumine. Toutes les réactions d'oxydation sélective du méthane en acide formique ont lieu dans le processus en cascade à température ambiante dans le même réacteur. Le processus en cascade a produit de l'acide formique avec une productivité de 5000 μmolacide formique g-1photocatalyseur et une sélectivité de 85 %, ainsi qu'une concentration allant jusqu'à 1.1 mmol L-1.Des nanoparticules d'or d'une taille de 6 à 29 nm supportées sur de l'oxyde de titane ont été préparées pour le couplage photocatalytique non oxydant et oxydant du méthane dans des réacteurs à flux gazeux discontinus et continus. La performance photocatalytique n'est pas affectée par la taille des nanoparticules. La conversion du méthane nécessite une transition de bande interdite dans le TiO2 excité par une irradiation UV. Aucune conversion du méthane n'a été observée après l'activation des nanoparticules d'or plasmoniques par la lumière visible. L'effet plasmonique des nanoparticules d'or ne peut pas à lui seul conduire la conversion photocatalytique du méthane. L'activation et l'oxydation du méthane se produisent sur les lacunes en oxygène de l'oxyde de titane, tandis que l'oxygène est probablement activé par les nanoparticules d'or. La conversion du méthane a été facilitée par une recombinaison électron-trou plus lente en présence de nanoparticules d'or. Une productivité d'hydrocarbures de 1864 μmol g-1 h-1 avec une sélectivité de couplage supérieure à 86 % a été atteinte dans le procédé de couplage oxydatif continu du méthane en flux.Le sel d'argent de l'aicd phosphotungstique (AgPW) supporté sur l'oxyde de titane a été préparé pour le couplage photochimique du méthane. La conversion du méthane nécessite une transition de bande interdite à la fois dans l'AgPW et le TiO2 par irradiation UV ainsi que le transfert de charge entre eux avec un contact intime. L'introduction d'une petite quantité d'AgPW dans le TiO2 a considérablement augmenté le taux de couplage. Au cours du couplage photochimique du méthane, les espèces Ag+ cationiques ont été réduites en Ag métallique et ont entraîné une diminution de la photoactivité, tandis que les espèces Ag+ et la photoactivité peuvent être régénérées à partir de l'AgPW-TiO2 usagé exposé à la lumière en présence d'air. Le procédé de bouclage chimique a permis d'atteindre une production d'éthane de 64 μmol g-1 avec une sélectivité de couplage supérieure à 95 %A cascade one-pot photo-chemo-catalytic process for methane oxidation to formic acid has been proposed. A specifically designed photocatalyst and a commercial heterogeneous catalyst were used together in the cascade process. The methane selective conversion into formic acid proceeds first over caesium salt of phosphotungstic acid (CsPW) supported on titania, which photocatalytically oxidizes methane under irradiation into a mixture of C1 liquid oxygenates. The C1 liquid oxygenates produced by photocatalysis are then selectively converted into formic acid over the heterogeneous alumina supported ruthenium catalyst. All reactions of selective oxidation of methane to formic acid occur in the cascade process at room temperature in the same reactor. The cascade process produced formic acid with a productivity of 5000 μmolformic acid g-1photocatalyst and a selectivity of 85 %, as well as a concentration of up to 1.1 mmol L-1.Gold nanoparticles with a size from 6 to 29 nm supported on titania have been prepared for photocatalytic non-oxidative and oxidative methane coupling in both batch and continuous gas flow reactors. The photocatalytic performance is not affected by the nanoparticles size. The methane conversion requires band gap transition in TiO2 excited by UV irradiation. No methane conversion was observed after activation of plasmonic gold nanoparticles by visible light. The plasmonic effect of gold nanoparticles cannot alone drive the methane photocatalytic conversion. The methane activation and oxidation occur over titania oxygen vacancies, while oxygen is likely activated by gold nanoparticles. The methane conversion was facilitated by slower electron-hole recombination in the presence of gold nanoparticles. A hydrocarbon productivity of 1864 μmol g−1 h−1 with a coupling selectivity higher than 86% was achieved in the continuous oxidative methane coupling flow process.Silver salt of phosphotungstic aicd (AgPW) supported on titania has been prepared for photochemical methane coupling. The methane conversion requires band gap transition in both the AgPW and TiO2 by UV irradiation as well the charge transfer between them with intimate contact. Introducing even small amount of AgPW to TiO2 significantly enhanced the coupling rate. During photochemical methane coupling, cationic Ag+ species were reduced to metallic Ag and resulted in photoactivity decrease, while Ag+ species and photoactivity can be regenerated from the spent AgPW-TiO2 exposing to light in the presence of air. The chemical looping process achieved ethane production of 64 μmol/g with coupling selectivity above 95%
3
Shahmoradi, B., and A. Mateki. "Surface modification of ZnO and Ti02 nanoparticles under mild hydrothermal conditions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20866.
Анотація:
There are various techniques for synthesizing different Nanoparticles depending
upon the desired properties, application, etc. One of these widely applied techniques is
Hydrothermal. However, this technique is known for bulky materials and fabrication of
nano-scale materials requires adopting some strategies to alter the properties of materials
synthesized. We developed surface modification for this drawback. Application of surface
modifier, or surfactant, or capping agent, or organic ligands in proper concentration
could not only change morphology, reduce particle size, but also change the surface
chemistry of the nanoparticles fabricated. The ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were modified
using n-butylamine and caprylic acid as surface modifier under mild hydrothermal
conditions (p= autogenous, T= 150-250°C, and t= 18 h). The nanoparticles modified
were systematically characterized using Powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, zeta potential, and
BET surface area. The characterization results revealed that nanoparticles have small
size range, low agglomeration and highly stable.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20866
4
Omadoko, ovuokenye. "SIMPLE PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO FORMATE UNDER MILD ACIDIC CONDITIONS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/169.
Анотація:
Carbon dioxide, is a very stable component of ambient air and atmospheric levels have been rising due to emissions from combustion of fossil fuels. There is a need to develop remediation techniques and carbon dioxide serves as a feedstock for conversion to other useful products such as methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, oxalic acid, formate, methane, saturated and C2-C4 unsaturated hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide can be converted into these products using different methods such as photochemical, electrochemical, thermochemical and hydrogenation by bacterial depending on the product of interest. Formate is of interest due to having wide industrial applications, which include direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) production, an additive in pyrolysis vapors, precursor for biological fuels and histidine synthesis, and a key intermediate in methanogenesis breaking down complex organic compounds. In this work, conversion of carbon dioxide to formate was accomplished photochemically. Titanium dioxide and various metal phthalocyanines under acidic conditions were saturated with carbon dioxide and illuminated using an incandescent light source. Formate was determined by ion chromatography.
5
Ieamsupapong, Supat. "Mechanisms of Iron Carbonate Formation on Mild Steel in Controlled Water Chemistry Conditions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1473264400862079.
6
Mytilinaios, Ioannis. "Modelling the impact of mild food processing conditions on the microbiological safety of food." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7914.
Анотація:
There is significant interest by the food industry in applying milder processing conditions. A major area of research within predictive modelling has been the search for models which accurately predict the effect of combining multiple processes or hurdles. For a mild process, which has temperature as the major microbial injury step, the effect of the other combined hurdles in inhibiting growth of the injured organisms must be understood. The latter means that the inoculum size dependency of the time to growth must also be fully understood. This essentially links injury steps with the potential for growth. Herein, we have been developing the use of optical density (O.D) for obtaining growth rates and lag times using multiple inocula rather than using the traditional methods which use one single inoculum. All analyses were performed in the Bioscreen analyser which measures O.D. The time to detection (TTD) was defined as the time needed for each inoculum to reach an O.D=0.2 and O.D was related to microbial numbers with simple calibration curves. Several primary models were used to predict growth curves from O.D data and it was shown that the classic logistic, the Baranyi and the 3-phase linear model (3-PLM) were the most capable primary models of those examined while the modified Gompertz and modified logistic could not reproduce TTD data. Using the Malthusian approximation of the logistic model the effect of mild temperature shifts was studied. The data obtained showed that for mild temperature shifts, growth rates quickly changed to the new environment without the induction of lags. The growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli was studied at 30⁰C and/or 37⁰C, in different NaCl concentrations, pH and their combinations. The classical 3-parameter logistic with lag model was rearranged to provide the theoretical foundation for the observed TTD and accurate growth rates and lag times could be estimated. As the conditions became more unfavourable, the lag time increased while the growth rate decreased. Also, the growth rate was found to be independent from the inoculum size; the inoculum size affected only the TTD. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICNaCl and MICpH) was calculated using the Lambert and Pearson model (LPM) and also the Growth/No Growth (G/NG) interface was determined using combinations of NaCl and pH. These data were transformed in rate to detection (RTD) and fitted with a response surface model (RSM) which was subsequently compared with the Extended LPM (ELPM). The LPM and the ELPM could analyse results from individual and combined inhibitors, respectively. Following a mild thermal process a lag due to thermal injury was also induced, the magnitude of which was dependent on the organism and environmental conditions; the observed distribution of the lags appeared, in general, to follow the Log-normal distribution. After the lag period due to injury, growth recommenced at the rate dictated by the growth environment present. Traditional growth curves were constructed and compared with the data obtained from the Bioscreen under the same conditions. From the results obtained, it can be suggested that the increased lag times and growth rates obtained from the traditional plate counts compared with the values obtained from the Bioscreen microbiological analyser, might be an artifact of the plating method or may be due to the use of the modified Gompertz to study the growth. In conclusion, O.D can be used to accurately determine growth parameters, to give a better understanding and quantify the G/NG interface and to examine a wealth of phenomena such as fluctuating temperatures and mild thermal treatments. The comparison between the traditional growth curves against the data obtained from the Bioscreen showed that the TTD method is a rapid, more accurate and cheaper method than the traditional plate count method which in combination with the models developed herein can offer new possibilities both to the research and the food industry.
7
Modibedi, Remegia Mmalewane. "The catalytic membrane reactor for the conversion of methane to methanol and formaldehyde under mild conditions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Анотація:
This thesis described the development of new catalytic system for the conversion of natural gas (methane) to liquid products such as methanol and formaldehyde. This technology can allow the exploitation of small and medium size gas fields without the need to build an expensive gas to liquid plants or long pipelines. The technology is based on a concept of non-separating membrane reactor where an inorganic membrane paper serves as a catalyst support through which a reaction mixture is flowing under mild conditions and short residence times.
8
Thorpe, Steven Brandon. "Activation of diboron reagents: The development of mild conditions for the synthesis of unique organoboron compounds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26669.
Анотація:
The first successful synthesis and isolation of a boronic acid was reported in 1860 by Frankland in the pursuit of novel organometallic compounds. For more than a century, further studies of boronic acids were sparsely published. Suzuki and Miyaura jumpstarted the field in 1979 with an innovative carbon-carbon bond forming reaction employing an organoboronic acid and a carbon halide under palladium catalysis. Indeed, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Professor Akira Suzuki, along with Professors Richard Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi, in 2010 for their important contributions in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry. Over the last 30 years, reports on organoboron compounds have increased exponentially. This dissertation describes the authorâ s contributions to the development of preparative methods for organoboronic acid derivatives using transition metal-catalyzed reactions of diboron reagents.
A unique â mixedâ diboron reagent was developed (PDIPA diboron) that contains sp2- and sp3-hybridized boron atoms, unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. PDIPA diboron is sufficiently activated internally through a dative-bonding amine to selectively transfer the sp2-hybridized boron regioselectively, in the presence of copper, to electron deficient alkenes including α,β-unsaturated ketones, esters, amides, aldehydes, and nitriles to provide the corresponding boratohomoenolates. A unique β,β-diboration of an α,β-acetylenic ketone was also discovered.
The scope of PDIPA diboron reactions was then expanded to a set of substrates with a more complex structural backbone. Allenoates are α,β,γ-unsaturated esters with orthogonal pi systems, which pose several possible difficulties with the regioselectivity of addition, not to mention known isomerizations catalyzed by copper. However, we successfully installed the boron moiety regioselectively on the β-carbon of a variety of allenoates, providing a vinyl boronic ester, and also observed exclusive formation of the (Z)-isomer from racemic starting materials. The resulting vinyl boronic ester was then shown to be an excellent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling partner, affording a diastereopure, trisubstituted alkene in quantitative yield.
Commercially available bis(pinacolato)diboron has shown remarkable stability towards hydrolysis and autoxidation. Using this reagent, we developed a copper- and amine-catalyzed boration protocol performed entirely in water and open to air. Using only 1 mol% copper, extraordinary activity was observed. UV-Vis, 11B NMR, and solvent kinetic isotope experiments were employed to gain insight into the mechanism, which showed the possibility of autocatalysis. Attempts to control stereoselectivity were not successful, although these results were rationalized by a dynamic catalyst structure.Ph. D.
9
Knoche, Claudia. "Mild solutions of SPDE's driven by Poisson noise in infinite dimensions and their dependence on initial conditions." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976105497.
10
Braun, Nadine [Verfasser], Martin [Gutachter] Muhler, and Wolfgang [Gutachter] Grünert. "Oxidative processes for the direct conversion of coal under mild conditions / Nadine Braun. Gutachter: Martin Muhler ; Wolfgang Grünert." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102525014/34.
11
Xu, Juan. "Hydro-dechlorination of Ortho-substituted PCB Congeners Widespread in the Environment: Effects of Triethylamine and Mild Reaction Conditions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613745571433659.
12
Yakushev, I. A., N. Y. Kozitsyna, O. N. Kondratyeva, M. N. Vargaftik, and I. I. Moiseev. "Mixed-Metal Palladium(II) Complexes: a Way from Heterometallic Carboxylates to Bimetallic Nanoparticles." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35239.
Анотація:
The paper describes some chemical transformations of the mixed-metal palladium (II) complexes, including
interactions of binuclear complexes with pyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline and bipyridine; also described
thermal and reductive transformations of some binuclear and pentanuclear nitrogen-containing
complexes, in particular red-ox transformations in reductive media to yield mixed-metal nanomaterials.
For this nanomaterials and nanoalloys also provided HREM and TEM investigations.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35239
13
Baral, Sudip. "BREWERS’ SPENT GRAIN CONVERSION TO VALUE-ADDED CHEMICALS BY LAB-SYNTHESIZED HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSTS UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT AND MILD CONDITIONS." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2857.
Анотація:
Over the last several decades, there have been a tremendous developments and greatinnovations in photocatalysis process along with the development of efficient nanosized catalysts for simple approach and economic viability. In this study, magnetic core@doubleshell nanomaterials were investigated and synthesized in lab with three-step innovative approach where Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were produced first to act as cores without using any surfactants. The magnetite/silica core–shell structure was then prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of core particles under alkaline conditions. And the outermost shell, the α-Fe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticles, were grown over magnetic core of Fe3O4@SiO2 using coprecipitation and calcination method. Furthermore, the Fe3O4@SiO2@α-Fe2O3/TiO2 NPs were then loaded on the reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) using hydrothermal method and are also mixed by kneading with the layered double hydroxides (LDH) of Mg2+ and Al3+. These nanoparticles were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Different model compounds like microcrystalline cellulose (90 μm), D-xylose, and sodium lignosulfonate representing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively, were converted to valuable chemicals with different NPs under visible light for different time periods. For example, valeric acid (VA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were produced when cellulose was used for the conversion with core-double shell NPS which were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Similar approach was adopted for the conversion of brewers’ spent grain (BSG), a lignocellulosic biomass, without oxygen under visible light, which yielded ethanol as the main product along with other sugars and acids of very low concentrations. The magnetic property of the nanomaterials made it easy for recycle and reuse. From a sustainability point of view, this study will fill a large need in the biomass photocatalysis field by developing core-shell multi-functional photocatalysts for direct transformation of lignocellulose into valuable chemicals under low temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and visible light from the sun.
14
Alikasturi, Amin Safwan. "Selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, triglycerides and vegetable oils under mild conditions using Pt/TiO² and Pt-Re/TiO² catalysts." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.703887.
Анотація:
Hydrogenation processes are used extensively for chemical transformations in industries. For instance, the reduction of fats and oils has been performed in the oleochemical industry since the early 20th century. The carbonyl compounds include carboxylic acids, esters, triglycerides etc. are widely found in nature. These natural resources are hydrogenated using designated catalysts to produce valuable alcohols and alkanes with excellent selectivities and conversion. The selective hydrogenation of these carbonyl compounds under mild reaction temperatures and pressures has been achieved using monometallic, PtITi02, and bimetallic, Pt-RelTi02, catalysts. Selectivities of >950/0 towards the alcohol were achieved in carboxylic acids and isocarboxylic acid hydrogenation, >90% selectivity towards alcohols products in dicarboxylic acid and triglyceride hydrogenation, and 70-900/0 selectivity towards alcohol products in vegetable oils hydrogenation using the monometallic catalyst. In general, the bimetallic catalyst greatly enhanced the reaction rate and predominantly led to alkanes in all the hydrogenations. Under inert gas conditions, the monocarboxylic acid led to 100% selectivity towards alkanes via direct decarboxylation using the bimetallic catalyst, whereas in the case of the dicarboxylic acid and triglycerides, no reaction occurred. In general, the selectivity towards alcohols was found to increase by increasing the reaction hydrogen pressure. Both monometallic and bimetallic catalysts are robust, reusable and highly suitable for scale up in commercial applications to replace our dependency on non-renewable resources. Moreover, the catalyst has high potential to replace common nickel-based catalysts that are still used in hydrogenation of fats and oils and the products formed, and reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by decreaSing the energy demand.
15
Beebany, Shakhawan Abdulrahman Omer. "Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency Evaluation and Adsorption Behaviour of Existing and Newly Synthesized Compounds on Mild Steel under CO2 Corrosion Conditions." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/78469.
Анотація:
Corrosion of mild steel under CO2 conditions is a major issue in the oil and gas industry. This thesis provides novel methodology for in-situ characterization of corrosion inhibitor films at carbon steel and under corrosive conditions. The methodology is validated using existing and newly synthesized corrosion inhibitor compounds. This research will significantly benefit corrosion science as it assists in qualification of corrosion inhibitors and can be used directly for improving corrosion mitigation strategies across industries.
16
Rehal, Reg. "A physicochemical and biophysical investigation into the role of lysyl- phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus under mild acidic conditions." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-physicochemical-and-biophysical-investigation-into-the-role-of-lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol-in-the-membrane-of-staphylococcus-aureus-under-mild-acidic-conditions(187fad13-3e3f-4664-9ebd-6c85b67b50e4).html.
Анотація:
Background: Staphylococcus aureus readily colonises human epithelia despite the presence of innate defences including mild acidity and cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Reduced sensitivity of S. aureus to these defences appears partly due to the increased biosynthesis of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG) in its plasma membrane. The precise mechanisms by which L-PG facilitates tolerance to acidity and CAMPs remain under-investigated, due to the lipid’s lability in mild aqueous conditions. This study examines the role of L-PG in responses to epithelial defences and describes the synthesis and characterisation of a stable L-PG analogue designed for use in biophysical experiments to investigate membrane defences in S. aureus. Methods: The genetic regulation of L-PG biosynthesis was studied by assessing changes in graXRS, vraFG and mprF expression in response to mild acidity. The effect of acidity on S. aureus membrane lipid composition was quantified by 31P NMR. Monolayers and bilayers formed from S. aureus lipid extracts and synthetic lipid models were employed in investigations into the effects of low pH and CAMPs on membrane structure and physicochemical properties. The experimental techniques included neutron diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, neutron reflectivity, pressure–area isotherms, zeta potential measurements and 2H-NMR. Results: Increased L-PG synthesis at pH 5.5, to ~50% total phospholipid, correlated with mprF and graRS expression. The L-PG concentrations at pH 5.5 produced a condensing effect on the bacterial membrane (with both natural and synthetic lipids), making it cationically charged and less permeable to solvent. These membrane changes reduced electrostatic attraction of CAMPs and retarded their ability to partition into the membrane. Conclusions: L-PG plays an important role in S. aureus tolerance to mild acidity by altering plasma membrane charge and lipid packing properties. These membrane alterations also facilitate tolerance to other epithelial defences such as CAMPs, making L-PG biosynthesis a putative target for antimicrobial therapeutics.
17
Long, Henry A. III. "Development and Thermodynamic Analysis of an Integrated Mild/Partial Gasification Combined Cycle (IMPGC) Under Green and Brown Field Conditions With and Without Carbon Capture." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2538.
Анотація:
Coal is a very prominent energy source in the world, but it is environmentally unattractive due to its high sulfur and ash content as well as its alleged contribution towards climate change, but it is affordable, abundant, and has high energy content. Thus, utilizing coal in a cleaner and more efficient way has become necessary. One promising clean coal technology involves fully gasifying coal into synthesis gas, cleaning it, and feeding it into a high-efficiency combined cycle, such as an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). Inspired by the recent success of warn gas cleanup (WGCU), mild and partial gasification are proposed as less energy intensive options. This Integrated Mild/Partial Gasification Combined Cycle (IMPGC) could significantly save energy and improve efficiency. The objective of this study is to investigate the capabilities of IMPGC as both a new plant and a retrofit option for traditional coal power plants with and without carbon capture.
I MPGC relies on the principles of mild and partial gasification and the recently available WGGU technology with the following benefits: a.) completely negate the need for syngas cooling; b.) significantly reduce the energy needed to fully thermally crack the volatiles and completely gasify the char as in the IGCC system; c.) preserve the high chemical energy hydro-carbon bonds within the feedstock to allow more efficient combustion in the gas turbine; d.) reduce the size of gasifier and piping to reduce the costs; and e.) enable retrofitting of an old coal power plant by preserving the existing equipment.
The software used (Thermoflex®) was first validated with established cases from the U.S. Department of Energy. For new plants, the results show that IMPGC’s efficiency is 8 percentage points (20%) higher than IGCC, 8 points higher than a modern subcritical Rankine cycle, and 3-4 points higher than an ultra-supercritical (USC) cycle. When retrofitting older plants, a minimum improvement of over 4 points is predicted. When carbon capture is involved, IMPGC’s efficiency becomes 10 points better than a subcritical plant and 8 points better than a USC plant. Emissions wise, IMPGC is better than IGCC and much better than Rankine cycle plants.
18
Torberger, Fredrik. "MIND-WANDERING – A Human Condition." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10388.
Анотація:
Mind-wandering was until recently not a mainstream topic of research. The aim of this literature review is to present current views on the definition of mind-wandering and how the phenomenon is experienced. Furthermore, it gives an account of the implications of mind-wandering on cognitive performance, as well as its neurological correlates. In addition, the methods used to study mind-wandering are reviewed.The study of mind-wandering reveals a highly frequent phenomenon with practical consequences on a broad scale, both disruptive and supportive to goal-related behaviour and wellbeing in general. Originating from the default network, and its regions related to representations of self, memory, Theory of Mind, empathy and creativity, mind-wandering is hypothesized to be a function for planning one’s future life. Suggested further research concerns how mind-wandering can be countered, detected from the outside and whether it alters the physical feature of the brain.
19
Aguilera, Bernardo. "Mindedness : on the minimal conditions for possessing a mind." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4480/.
Анотація:
This thesis explores the grounds for justifying the ascription of mentality to non-human agents. In the first part, I set my research within the framework of scientific naturalism and the computational theory of mind. Then I argue that while the behaviour of certain agents demands a computational explanation, there is no justification for attributing mentality to them. I use these examples to backup my claim that some authors indulge in unnecessary ascription of mentality to certain animals (e.g. insects) on the main grounds that they possess computational capacities. The second part of my thesis takes up recent literature exploring the line that divides computational agents with and without mentality. More precisely, I criticise the proposals put forward by Fodor, Dretske, Burge, Bermúdez and Carruthers. My main argument takes the form of a reductio ad absurdum by showing that their criteria apply to artefacts to which the attribution of mentality is unjustified. Overall, I conclude that even though the views advanced by the mentioned authors help to elucidate the computational grounds that could make the emergence of a mind possible, they do not offer a satisfactory criterion for the ascription of mentality to some computational agents but not others. In the final part I develop my own proposal for grounding the attribution of mentality. My strategy consists in drawing upon the distinction between personal and subpersonal levels of explanation, according to which properly psychological descriptions have whole-agents as their subject matter, use a distinctive theoretical vocabulary, and are constrained by norms of rationality. After showing that the personal-subpersonal distinction is compatible with a naturalistic framework, I adapt the distinction so that it can be applied to non-human agents, and conclude that it imposes constraints in cognitive architecture that point in the direction of cognitive access, generality and integration.
20
Heimbecher, Susan Klara 1954. "AFLATOXIN M₁ ANALYSIS: EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE AND STORAGE CONDITIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291858.
21
Zachariades, Paschalis. "Development of a Tube Ball mill mathematical model for mill condition and safety monitoring." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5723/.
Анотація:
The PhD research project is to examine if it is possible to minimize the mill faults and fires in the Tube Ball mill operation by using a model based approach. The research outcome proves that the risks of mill fault can be monitored and alerted by implementing the model based on-line condition monitoring software that developed through the PhD project. Coal fired power stations nowadays regularly use coal with higher volatile contents and Biomass materials to satisfy the government regulations on sustainable and renewable energy. This greatly increases the risks of explosions or fires in milling plants. However, there are no acceptable measurement methods available at the present and it is difficult to identify if there will be a fire in the mill. Therefore, the project is carried out from the study mill mathematical model to mill condition monitoring. Monitoring the mill operation conditions only based on currently available on-site measurement without requiring any extra hardware is a cost effective solution and will pose a great challenge. A mathematical model of coal mills is developed using computational intelligent algorithms for prediction of potential mill faults.
22
Davis, Henry B. "Mind games setting conditions for successful counterinsurgency military information support operations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5014.
Анотація:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe purpose of this study is to determine what actions can be taken by American military forces to set conditions for conducting effective Military Information Support Operations (MISO) campaigns in counterinsurgency (COIN) conflicts. To find these actions, hypotheses built upon tenets found in American military Psychological Operations (PSYOP) doctrine were compared to empirical observations of PSYOP conducted in three COIN case studies from the 1950s and 1960s. Because COIN literature is ripe with assertions, such as Dr. Kalev I. Sepp's, that "effective, pervasive psychological operations (PSYOP) campaigns" are inherent in successful COIN operations, it is ironic that few works discuss specific recommendations regarding the design and conduct of such campaigns. This study begins filling this literature gap by showing that MISO relationship to other operations holds greater significance in effective MISO campaign design than internal details, such as the level of centralization. This finding supports contemporary calls for a more unified group of inform and influence practitioners within the United States military, as well as calls for the United States government to draft a National Information Strategy to better leverage this important element of national power.
23
Higuchi, Hirokazu. "Environmental Physiology of Cherimoya(Annona cherimola Mill.)under Heat Stress Conditions." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78092.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第7587号
農博第1026号
新制||農||773(附属図書館)
学位論文||H11||N3222(農学部図書室)
UT51-99-D204
京都大学大学院農学研究科熱帯農学専攻
(主査)教授 櫻谷 哲夫, 教授 杉浦 明, 教授 三野 徹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
24
Docherty, Lorraine. "Molecular detection and gene expression of Campylobacter during stress conditions." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843004/.
Анотація:
The magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay (MIPA), was developed for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli initially in milk and chicken products. After 18 hours pre-enrichment the MIPA could detect 420 cfu g-1 of chicken and 63 cfu ml-1 of artificially contaminated milk. MIPA was then applied for the detection of C. jejuni / C. coli in cloacal swabs and in retail poultry, where the sensitivity was found to be comparable to cultural methods. However, results were available significantly faster, within 24 hours compared to the 4-5 days of cultural methods. MIPA was also evaluated as a technique for the detection of "viable but non-culturable" (VBNC) forms in the environment. It was found that there was a reduction in sensitivity for the detection of these non-culturable forms (NCFs) and it was concluded that the MIPA had limited use in their detection. The lack of sensitivity of MIPA for detecting VBNC campylobacters in the environment may indicate that they are either antigenically or genetically distinct from the culturable forms. This result highlights the question of whether these VBNC forms actually represent a viable potentially infectious form of Campylobacter. This question can be answered at a molecular level; promoter activity can be monitored as a representation of viability of the bacterial cell during stress conditions. The promoter activity could be measured using a promoter probe vector. Initially we decided to construct a promoter probe vector which based on the recombinase system of the PI bacteriophage. However, the final construct was unstable and due to the constraints of time we decided to use a pre-existing promoter probe vector pSP73 constructed by Purdy and Park, (1993). This promoter probe vector contains promoterless luxAB genes which induce light emission as a reporter of gene expression. In order to investigate the genetic regulation during the conversion of C. jejuni to non-culturable forms (NCFs), we monitored gene expression during the transformation of C. jejuni into the non-culturable state. The promoterless copy of the luxAB genes was placed under the control of promoter regions of the C. jejuni flaA gene. Transformed C. jejuni was incubated under stress conditions that induce transition to NCFs (Non-culturable forms). Promoter activity, plate counts and direct microscope counts were simultaneously monitored. It was found that during the initial conversion of C. jejuni to NCFs there is an up-regulation of the flaA promoter. This regulation occurs in response to agitation and did not occur in NCFs and indicates that they are functionally non-viable.
25
Harris, Courtney. "Irish women in mid-nineteenth century Toronto, image and experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47330.pdf.
26
Tsikritz, Roussa. "Mineral partitioning of milk under various conditions in relation to heat stability." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533741.
27
Dowey, James. "Mind over matter : access to knowledge and the British industrial revolution." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3525/.
Анотація:
This thesis argues that the British Industrial Revolution, which marked the beginning of sustained modern economic growth, was facilitated by the blossoming in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain of the world’s first infrastructure for commercial R&D, composed of a network of ‘Knowledge Access Institutions’ (KAIs): scientific societies, ‘mechanics institutes’, public libraries, masonic lodges and other organisations. This infrastructure lowered the cost of access to knowledge for scientists, inventors and entrepreneurs, raising the productivity of R&D and encouraging a sustained increase in R&D effort. This contributed to the acceleration in technological innovation that lay behind the transition to modern economic growth. First, I define the concept of KAIs and explain how they affected the rate of economic growth. Second, I present detailed data on the KAI infrastructure and estimate its effect on the rate of technological innovation during the British Industrial Revolution, using newly constructed spatial datasets on British patents between 1700 and 1852 and exhibits at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Third, I argue that KAIs were largely exogenous to industrialisation, rooted instead in the intellectual developments of the Scientific Revolution and European Enlightenment. Fourth, I show that the prevalence of Knowledge Access Institutions was correlated with the emergence of modern economic growth across countries in the late nineteenth century and that the cost of access to knowledge was a binding constraint to economic progress shared by many countries during this period. Finally, based on the case of late nineteenth century US manufacturing, I investigate the extent to which the emergence of modern economic growth depended on the incentives to innovate rather than the capabilities lent by access to knowledge and other factors. The thesis suggests that the sharp fall in the cost of access to knowledge that we are currently experiencing may give rise to an acceleration in the rate of technological innovation in the coming decades and that policymakers should direct some effort towards mitigating the potentially harmful effects of rapid technological change.
28
Junca, Carlos Alberto Jimenez. "Foaming of milk by steam injection : relationships between foaming conditions and foam characteristics." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559365.
29
Jones, Geoffrey Philip. "Dietary factors influencing responses by dairy cows to condition score at calving." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383720.
30
Botting, Ingrid. "Getting a Grand Falls job, migration, labour markets, and paid domestic work in the pulp and paper mill town of Grand Falls, Newfoundland, 1905-1939." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ62446.pdf.
31
Enria, Luisa. ""An idle mind is the Devil's workshop"? : the politics of work amongst Freetown's youth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ba12e38c-1fb8-4ccb-8222-5ed9326ae9e1.
Анотація:
Youth unemployment has been presented as a security risk to countries emerging from civil war. These assessments often rely on the assumption of a direct relationship between labour market exclusion and political violence. This thesis challenges this assumption, not by denying that the connection exists, but by suggesting that we need a better understanding of how the two are related. Through qualitative research with young people engaged precariously on the margins of the informal economy in Sierra Leone's capital, Freetown, the thesis explores how labour market experiences influence different patterns of political mobilisation. It puts forward that violence is not inherent to unemployment, but that the impact of joblessness on mobilisation is mediated by social factors and the specific nature of the post-war political economy. For Freetown's youth, labour market exclusion has implications for social status, identities, norms and the nature of social relations. This in turn shapes their political subjectivities and claims on the state; it structures the opportunities and constraints to their collective action; and influences their trajectories towards political violence. These processes reflect a fraught articulation between tactics employed expediently to respond to structural circumstances and longer-term aspirations. Individual attempts to survive adverse economic and political terrains coexist with work-based political claims placed on the state and aspirations of social and political inclusion, even if the two are often at odds and the former undermine the latter.
32
Larson, Robert Blake. "Attenuation of constituents from paper-pulp mill wastewater ponded on clay soil under natural environmental conditions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_367_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
33
Miyamoto, Yuka. "Studies on colloidal properties and curd formation of skimmed milk powders prepared under different sterilizing conditions." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126543.
Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第14948号
農博第1789号
新制||農||976(附属図書館)
学位論文||H21||N4497(農学部図書室)
27386
UT51-2009-M862
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 松村 康生, 教授 北畠 直文, 准教授 丸山 伸之
学位規則第4条第1項該当
34
Boyiri, Blaise B. "Probiotic Potential of Bacterial Isolates From ‘Amabere amaruranu’ Cultured Milk." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2389.
Анотація:
Probiotics are viable nonpathogenic microbes that positively affect host health. Probiotics inhibit infection, activate immunity, and promote mucosal-barrier development. Many microbes have probiotic activity. Nonetheless, the selection of stable strains and their specific mechanism(s) of action are not fully elucidated. Bacteria from ‘Amabere amaruranu’ cultured milk from Kenya were isolated and identified by PCR sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolates were examined for stability to acid and bile, antimicrobial activity, mucin production, and degradation and sensitivity to antibiotics, hence their potential for probiotics. Lactobacillus isolates were acid unstable, bile-stable, nonmucinolytic, and presented antibacterial activity. L. rhamnosus cell fractions increased MUC4 and MUC3 expression in colon cells. Bacillus isolates were acid and bile stable, nonmucinolytic and lacked antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, Lactobacillus isolates that were nonmucinolytic, stable in bile, demonstrated antibacterial activity, sensitive to antibiotics, and stimulated increase MUC4 and MUC3 levels in colon cells could be potential probiotics.
35
Tamiso, Luciano Grassi. "Desempenho de cultivares de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sob sistemas orgânicos em cultivo protegido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-20072005-155751/.
Анотація:
A Agricultura Orgânica no Brasil cresce a taxas superiores a 30 % ao ano, devido, principalmente, a uma maior conscientização dos consumidores, que buscam hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis. Dentre as hortaliças, o tomate orgânico representa uma boa oportunidade de investimento para o produtor. No entanto, não existem recomendações técnicas ou genótipos desenvolvidos exclusivamente para esse sistema de produção, o que dificulta a expansão da área sob manejo orgânico. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de 11 cultivares de tomate (Avalon, Colibri, HTX 5415, HTX 8027, Sahel, San Marzano, San Vito, Júpiter, Raminho, Saladete DRW 3410 e Jane) sob dois sistemas orgânicos distintos em ambiente protegido, de março a outubro de 2004, nos municípios de Ibiúna, SP (experimento I) e Araraquara, SP (experimento II). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em propriedades que produzem tomate orgânico em escala comercial. No experimento I, as plantas foram conduzidas em linhas simples, com uma haste e com poda apical drástica, realizada acima do terceiro racemo. As estufas eram conjugadas, e a irrigação realizada por gotejo, utilizado também para a fertiirrigação com biofertilizantes. O espaçamento adotado foi de 1,5 m entre linhas e 0,35 m entre plantas. No experimento II, as estufas não eram conjugadas, e as plantas foram conduzidas em fileiras duplas, com duas hastes por planta, sem poda apical, no espaçamento de 0,8 m entre linhas e 0,6 m entre plantas. Em ambos os experimentos a densidade de plantio foi de 20 mil plantas por hectare. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e dez tratamentos (Avalon, Colbri, HTX 5415, HTX 8027, Sahel, San Marzano, San Vito, Júpiter, Raminho e Saladete DRW 3410), para o experimento I, e quatro repetições e oito tratamentos (Avalon, Colbri, HTX 5415, HTX 8027, Sahel, San Marzano, San Vito, e Jane) para o experimento II. Considerando as condições em que os experimentos foram desenvolvidos, os resultados permitiram concluir que o híbrido Sahel mostrou o melhor desempenho para rendimento comercial, e para outros componentes da produção nos dois sistemas de condução ao qual foi submetido. No experimento I, destacaram-se, ainda, os híbridos Colibri e Saladete DRW 3410, que não diferiram estatisticamente de Sahel. Os híbridos, de um modo geral, mostraram melhor desempenho que os cultivares de polinização livre, porém, apenas Sahel mostrou maior amplitude adaptativa. No experimento I, conduzido com poda apical drástica, a porcentagem de frutos de melhor cotação comercial foi maior do que no experimento II, sem poda apical. O experimento I, também apresentou período de colheita menor e mais concentrado do que no experimento II. A traça-do-tomateiro revelou-se como fator limitante afetando significativamente o rendimento comercial.Organic agriculture in Brazil has increased about 30% over the last few years since consumers are seeking for healthier foods, i.e. nutritious and free of pesticide residues. Among vegetable crops organically-grown, tomato constitutes an attractive economic opportunity for growers. However, the lack of information about management practices and cultivars adapted to organic production systems under protected cultivation are pointed out as important constraints that prevents this activity to expand. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of 11 indeterminate tomato cultivars (Avalon, Colibri, HTX 5415, HTX 8027, Sahel, San Marzano, San Vito, Júpiter, Raminho Sel. IPA, Saladete DRW 3410 and Jane) under two different organic management systems in unheated plastic greenhouse. Two experiments were carried out under climatically different areas of the State of São Paulo (experiment I, Ibiúna county, and experiment II in Araraquara county), from March to October 2004, in farms that commercially produce organic tomatoes under unheated plastic greenhouses. In both experiments tomato plants were staked. Tomato plants in experiment I were conducted with a single stem and apical bud removed upper 3rd cluster. The experiment was fertigated using with biofertilizers. Plant spacing was 1.5 m between rows and 0.35 m between plants. In experiment II, tomato plants were conducted with two stems without apical pruning. They were planted in double line and spaced 0.8 m between lines and 0.6 m between plants. In both experiments plant density was about 20,000 plants ha-1. Experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design. Experiment I had five replications and ten treatments, and experiment II four replications and eight treatments. Sahel hybrid exhibited an outstanding performance for marketable yield in both organic systems but, in experiment I did not differ statistically from hybrids Colibri and Saladete DRW 3410. Hybrid cultivars, in general, outperformed open pollinated cultivars for the evaluated parameters. Apical pruning had significant effect on the increase of tomato fruits graded as of better commercial acceptance (50-60 mm) and also was associated with concentration of the picking period. It was found that tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) constitutes a serious limiting pest for organically-grown tomatoes in both regions where the experiments were set up.
36
Mazza, Sarah Elizabeth. "Thermal Structure of Mid-Crustal Shear Zones." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23284.
Анотація:
Analysis of quartz c-axis fabrics and microstructures from ductily deformed rocks allows for the examination of the kinematics associated with crustal deformation. This thesis expands on the current knowledge of the kinematic evolution of the Himalayas and Scottish Caledonides, by examining samples from the Main Central Thrust (MCT) (Himalayas) and the Sgurr Beag Thrust (SBT) (Scottish Caledonides). Metamorphic temperatures (Tm) associated above the MCT are inverted; chapter one attempts to test if deformation temperatures (Td) correlate to Tm, indicating that ductile shearing occurred during peak Tm. In the Scottish Caledonides, Td and Tm increase from foreland to hinterland, potentially indicating a right way up thermal structure; chapter two presents Td and Tm associated with the region around the SBT.
Above the MCT, quartz c-axis fabrics yield Td ranging between 500-650 "C, corresponding to the temperatures of dynamic recrystallization for subgrain rotation (SGR) and grain boundary migration (GBM). Up to 1000m above the MCT, Td and Tm are within error of each other, suggesting that shearing occurred during peak Tm; while further away from the MCT Tm is significantly hotter than Td, suggesting that shearing continued past Tm.
Deformation associated with the upper part of the Moine thrust sheet and the SBT yields quartz c-axis fabrics with Td ranging between 395-583 "C, corresponding to the regional dynamic recrystallization. Tm calculations original to this study yield pressure-temperature constraints of 4.8-5.8 kbar and 586-625 "C. Tm is within error of Td, suggesting that deformation and metamorphism were synchronous.Master of Science
37
Grinberg, Nicolas. "Transformations in the Korean and Brazilian processes of capitalist development between the mid-1950s and the mid-2000s : the political economy of late industrialisation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/165/.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the specificities of Late-industrialisation, focussing on Korea and Brazil. The growth and development experience of both economies between the mid-1950s and the mid-2000s is explained in terms of their pattern of integration into the international division of labour. Challenging conventional accounts, the thesis does not consider these patterns as resulting simply from economic policies and institutions, but rather determined by global economy developments and their interaction with local structural factors that affect the conditions of valorisation of capital in different productive sectors. This thesis argues that the Brazilian process of capitalist development revolved around the appropriation of land rent – i.e. extraordinary profits available due to the monopoly of an irreproducible means of production, land. Industrial capital was able to maximise profits despite producing for domestic markets at relatively small scale. Capital compensated for its high production costs by appropriating a portion of the abundant land rent. Since the late-1960s, industrial capital in Korea maximised profits through the production for world markets, taking advantage of relatively cheap and disciplined labour. Due to skill-replacing technological changes associated with computerisation and electronics-based automation, and its own historical origins and characteristics, Korean labour became particularly productive when performing simplified, though increasingly complex, activities as an appendage of machinery or in the manual assembly of components. The analysis and findings are supported by a three-pronged methodology. First, a model that measures intersectoral income transfers and assesses the value of land rent that supported the process of capital accumulation in each country. Secondly, an analysis of the global steel, motor-vehicles and semiconductors industries, and their development in Korea and Brazil. Thirdly, an appraisal of the historical development of social and political processes in the two countries and their role in shaping the evolution of economic, welfare and labour policies and political institutions. The research shows the intrinsic unity of these three factors, revealing specific transformations in Korea and Brazil as part of the realisation of the global process of capitalist development.
38
Ceylan, Pinar. "Essays on markets, prices, and consumption in the Ottoman Empire (late-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3507/.
Анотація:
This thesis consists of separate papers that examine markets, prices, and consumption in the Ottoman Empire between the late seventeenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. Recent scholarship has posited that market development, new consumption patterns, and productivity gains in non-agricultural sectors that were marked by changing price-product structures are among the structural alterations that paved the way for industrialisation at the turn of the nineteenth century. This research investigates whether these phenomena were particular to the West or can be expanded to other parts of the world. As such, the study contributes to the literature seeking to understand where the “distinctive advantage” of Northwestern Europe lay. The findings reveal that on the eve of the first wave of globalisation, domestic wheat markets in the Ottoman Empire were no better integrated than they were two centuries previously. Nevertheless, Europe and the Ottoman Empire shared several characteristics of early-modern consumerism. This research demonstrated that the interiors of Ottoman houses grew richer and more varied throughout this period. From the second half of the eighteenth century onwards, Ottomans who were not richer and who were not better-positioned in the social hierarchy than their counterparts in 1700 owned a greater quantity and variety of domestic goods. In both regions, a decline in the real prices of consumer goods was a major factor, if not the only one, that triggered this change. Moreover, the analysis on prices and inventory valuations refutes the argument that the decline in prices of non-food items was a distinctive pattern in Northwestern Europe in the pre-industrial era; instead, this was mirrored in the Ottoman Empire. Overall, the findings of this research point to long-term market development (and its absence), rather than changing consumption patterns, as well as productivity gains in non-agricultural sectors as a major source of divergence prior to the Industrial Revolution between parts of Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
39
Rycabel, Tadeusz. "Qualité et rendement en sciages selon les conditions de croissance des tiges d'épinette noire (Picea mariana Mill.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24228/24228.pdf.
Анотація:
Le développement des peuplements dans différentes conditions écologiques de la pessière noire et la hiérarchie des arbres selon divers étages dans un peuplement (dominant, codominant ou dominé) influencent autant la forme que l’accroissement des tiges en diamètre et en hauteur. Les caractéristiques des tiges influent directement sur le volume et la qualité des produits du sciage. Les objectifs de cette recherche consistaient donc à évaluer la qualité des tiges et le rendement en sciage selon les conditions spécifiques de croissance des peuplements et des arbres. Il s’agissait aussi de construire un modèle raffiné qui décrit avec précision les relations entre la densité du peuplement, les conditions de croissance des arbres, leur accroissement sur différentes stations, les propriétés mécaniques du bois ainsi que la qualité et la valeur des produits. Des arbres (180) prélevés dans deux peuplements naturels (1) Alno rugosae - Piceetum marianae qui constitue un site riche, IQS ≈ 11 m à 50 ans (secteur Tembec) et (2) Ledo groenlandici - Piceetum marianae qui est qualifié de site pauvre, IQS ≈ 6 m à 50 ans (secteur Norbord) présentant différentes caractéristiques (âge, diamètre, position des tiges) ont été étudiés. La proportion et la fréquence des défauts tels que les courbures et le défilement ont été évaluées sur les troncs entiers. Les propriétés mécaniques du bois (MOE et MOR) ainsi que les défauts avant et après le séchage ont été déterminés directement sur chacun des sciages obtenus (1500). L’espace vital dont dispose chaque arbre pour croître a été quantifié grâce à un indice proposé. Cet indice de compétition (IC), permet de mettre en évidence la compétition que subit un arbre et de rendre possible les comparaisons avec les caractéristiques du bois. Les analyses statistiques ont en effet démontré que l’IC devient la principale variable pour expliquer les caractéristiques des arbres, le volume de bois récolté et la valeur des produits. Il s’agit donc d’élaborer un système cohérent de relations et d’équations qui traduit adéquatement la productivité en fonction de ces diverses propriétés. Cette recherche contribue aux domaines de l’aménagement des forêts et de la technologie du bois. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les propriétés mécaniques du bois récolté dans le secteur Norbord sont nettement supérieures à celles du bois du secteur Tembec. Le MOE moyen pour toutes les pièces de sciage du secteur de Norbord atteint 13,4 GPa contre 11,2 GPa pour le bois provenant du secteur Tembec. De même, le MOR est évalué à 64,3 MPa et à 48,7 MPa respectivement pour les secteurs Norbord et Tembec. Toutefois, le volume total des produits dans le secteur Tembec se trouve à être 3,5 fois plus élevé que dans le secteur Norbord : 43,0 m3/ha (18,2 Mpmp/ha) pour Norbord et 150,5 m3/ha (63,8 Mpmp/ha) pour Tembec. En conséquence, la valeur totale par hectare ($/ha) des bois récoltés sur le territoire de Tembec (16 012 $) représente trois fois la valeur du bois de l’autre secteur (5 514 $) même si le prix par unité de volume est plus avantageux pour le bois de Norbord.The development of black spruce stands under various ecological conditions and the hierarchy of the trees according to various heigths in a stand (dominant (over story) or dominated (under story)) influence the stem form and increment (growth rate). Stems characteristics influence directly the volume and the quality of the products. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: (1) to evaluate the quality of the stems and the yield in sawing according to specific conditions of growth of the stands and the trees; (2) to build a suitable model which describes the relationships among stand density, trees growth conditions, trees growth on various sites, mechanical properties as well as wood quality and value. Trees (180) taken in two natural stands (1) Alno rugosae – Piceetum marianae which constitute a rich site, SI ≈ 11 m at 50 years (Tembec site) and (2) Ledo groenlandici – Piceetum marianae which is described as poor site, SI ≈ 6 m at 50 years (Norbord site) showing various characteristics (age, diameter, stem position) were studied. The proportion and frequency of the defects such as curves and taper were evaluated on the entire bole. Wood mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) and defects before and after drying were directly determined for each piece of lumber (1500). The space available to each tree to grow was quantified with a new index. The index of competition (IC), characterizes the competition a tree undergoes and enables comparisons with wood characteristics. The statistical analyses indeed showed thad the IC become the principal variable to explain the characteristics of the trees, the volume of harvested wood and the value fo the products. Thus, the methodology consisted to elaborate a coherent system of equations which adequately reflects the productivity according to these various properties. This research contributes both to the fields of forest management and wood technology. The results obtained indicate that the mechanical properties of the lumber obtained in the Norbord site are definitely higher compared to lumber obtained from the Tembec site. The average MOE for lumber of the Norbord site reaches 13,4 GPa compared to 11,2 GPa for wood coming from the Tembec site. Thus, the MOR is estimated to 64,3 MPa and 48,7 MPa respectively for the Norbord and Tembec sites. However, the total volume of the products in the Tembec site is 3,5 times higher than in the Norbord site : 43,0 m3/ha (18,2 Mpmp/ha) for Norbord and 150,5 m3/ha (63,8 Mpmp/ha) for Tembec. Consequently, the total value per hectare ($/ha) of wood collected on the territory of Tembec (16 012 $) represents threefold the value of the lumber of the other site (5 514 $) even if the price per unit volume is more advantageous for the lumber of Norbord.
40
Torres, Del Campo Carolina Andrea. "Physiological and biochemical responses of fruit exocarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) mutants to natural photooxidative conditions." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2005/T%5FDel-Campo%5F051005.pdf.
41
Goode, K. B. "The development of a predictive model for monitoring the condition of a hot strip mill." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637074.
Анотація:
In the highly competitive steel industry, British Steel Strip Products (BSSP) has to continually focus on increased performance, product quality and efficiency, in order to maintain its market share and keep its customers. The Hot Strip Mill (HSM) has traditionally been an area of some concern to BSSP, due to unscheduled mill breakdowns causing a loss of production time and an associated reduction in product quality. BSSP have set-up condition monitoring programmes to tackle some of these problems and are currently investing a great deal of money and resources to build on these initial successes. In this thesis a review of current condition monitoring activities is over viewed together with those practised at BSSP. A prediction model is developed that is intended to help improve machine life estimation and complement BSSP's main condition monitoring programme. The model was initially developed using artificial data, which mimics typical condition monitoring failure data obtained from the Port Talbot HSM. It assumes that the failure pattern can be divided into two distinct phases: stable and unstable, which can be distinguished between by the use of a statistical process control method. Depending on the progress of failure, one of two models is used to predict the remaining machine life. The first is based on a reliability model while the second uses a novel combination of reliability and condition monitoring measurements. A series of failure case studies, based on actual HSM failures, and a plant trial are used to test and verify the model's prediction performance. The applicability of the model to predict the useful life of a machine, optimise the time to repair/replace equipment and a potential cost modelling strategy are discussed.
42
Gale, Ken W. "An expert system for the predictive condition monitoring of a hot steel strip finishing mill." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533557.
43
Fadel, I. "Economic and technical aspects of lactation in Awassi sheep with special reference to simplified recording and system development under semi-arid conditions." Thesis, Bangor University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380212.
44
Hileman, Garrick. "Sovereign debt sustainability, financial repression, and monetary innovation : Britain and currency black markets in the mid-20th century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3295/.
Анотація:
The 1940s were the last time sovereign debt levels for many advanced economies were comparable to recent times. Following the Second World War the United Kingdom is viewed as having achieved the highest public debt to income ratio while still avoiding default of any country in last three centuries. However, previous research on the UK during this period has largely overlooked British post-war debt sustainability and the role played by financial repression. This thesis presents a conceptual framework of the mechanisms for achieving sovereign debt sustainability, along with their resultant political economy trade-offs. The conventional historical view that the UK avoided default on its sovereign financial agreements following the Second World War is re-examined and Britain is found to have ‘partially defaulted’ in the years following the Second World War. This thesis provides a historical narrative of the intellectual origins and policies of modern financial repression in Britain and presents alternative qualitative and quantitative measurements of financial repression. Monetary innovation accompanied 1930s-40s financial regulation, particularly the development of sophisticated currency black markets in New York and Switzerland. Statistical analysis of new daily time series data from these markets provides a quantitative market perspective on historical turning points during the 1940s. A currency taxonomy and discussion of the causes behind the rise and decline of alternative currencies is presented. While alternative currencies also featured during the 1940s they were arguably less numerous and less innovative than during the Great Depression period. The British case ultimately illustrates the complex dynamics and trade-offs of sovereign debt sustainability vis-à-vis other competing policy objectives, such as a desire for open markets and economic growth, financial stability, and geopolitical priorities.
45
Blinderman, Ilia. "Mind over matter in biological conditions: the role of psychological processes in lactose intolerance and chronic spontaneous urticaria." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117003.
Анотація:
Historically, medicine has emphasized biological models of illness, while ignoring their psychological dimensions. This outlook has been emphasized further in the recent era of genetic research. In spite of our best efforts, however, certain conditions that clinicians consider exclusively rooted in biology have remained difficult to manage. In order to demonstrate the importance of psychological factors in such conditions, this thesis examines the role that psychological factors play in lactose intolerance and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Findings from Study 1 and its corresponding pilot project suggest that expectancies are a key mechanism in lactose intolerance. Specifically, expectancy manipulations led self-reported lactose intolerant individuals to develop common intolerance symptoms (bloating, abdominal pain, and flatulence). Findings from Study 2 reveal that psychosocial factors appear to be implicated in the onset and development of chronic spontaneous urticaria. These results may lead to the development of new psychological interventions to alleviate lactose intolerance (through expectancy-manipulation) and chronic spontaneous urticaria (through negative thought process de-automatization, as outlined in Commentary Response 1). Finally, this thesis addresses the ethical dilemmas which may accompany psychologically-targeted treatments, and suggests a method through which deceptive practices may be ethically employed to benefit patients.Bien que la médecine s'intéresse aux modèles biologiques de la maladie depuis bien longtemps, elle a tendance à ignorer les dimensions psychologiques associées à ces modèles. Cette perspective incomplète s'est amplifiée au cours des dernières années avec l'expansion des recherche dans le domaine génétique. Malgré les plus francs efforts des chercheurs et des cliniciens, cependant, certaines maladies considérées comme essentiellement biologiques demeurent difficiles à comprendre et à contrôler. Défendant l'importance des facteurs psychologiques associés à de telles conditions, la présente thèse vise à comprendre le rôle des facteurs psychologiques dans l'intolérance au lactose et l'urticaire spontanée chronique.Les résultats de l'étude 1 ainsi que du projet pilote associé suggèrent que les attentes jouent un rôle clef dans l'intolérance au lactose. Plus spécifiquement, manipuler les attentes des participants intolérants au lactose suffirait à déclencher des symptômes typiques de cette condition (ballonnements, douleur abdominale et flatulences). Les résultats de l'étude 2, quant-à-eux, révèlent que des facteurs psychosociaux seraient impliqués dans la génération et le développement de l'urticaire spontanée chronique.Ensemble, ces résultats nous mènent à considérer de nouvelles interventions psychosociales pouvant potentiellement réduire les symptômes de l'intolérance au lactose (en manipulant les attentes) et de l'urticaire spontanée chronique (en désactivant les processus de pensée négative tel qu'illustré dans la Réponse Commentaire 1 [Commentary Response 1]). Enfin, la présente thèse examine les dilemmes éthiques générés par les traitements visant la manipulation des aspect psychosociaux liés à ces conditions et suggère un moyen d'employer de telles déceptions d'une manière éthique pour le bénéfice des patients.
46
Anjum, Ayesha. "Differentiation of alzheimer's disease dementia, mild cognitive impairment and normal condition using PET-FDG and AV-45 imaging : a machine-learning approach." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2238/.
Анотація:
Nous avons utilisé l'imagerie TEP avec les traceurs F18-FDG et AV45 en conjonction avec les méthodes de classification du domaine du "Machine Learning". Les images ont été acquises en mode dynamique, une image toutes les 5 minutes. Les données ont été transformées par Analyse en Composantes Principales et Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes. Les images proviennent de trois sources différentes: la base de données ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) et deux protocoles réalisés au sein du centre TEP de l'hôpital Purpan. Pour évaluer la performance de la classification nous avons eu recours à la méthode de validation croisée LOOCV (Leave One Out Cross Validation). Nous donnons une comparaison entre les deux méthodes de classification les plus utilisées, SVM (Support Vector Machine) et les réseaux de neurones artificiels (ANN). La combinaison donnant le meilleur taux de classification semble être SVM et le traceur AV45. Cependant les confusions les plus importantes sont entre les patients MCI et les sujets normaux. Les patients Alzheimer se distinguent relativement mieux puisqu'ils sont retrouvés souvent à plus de 90%. Nous avons évalué la généralisation de telles méthodes de classification en réalisant l'apprentissage sur un ensemble de données et la classification sur un autre ensemble. Nous avons pu atteindre une spécificité de 100% et une sensibilité supérieure à 81%. La méthode SVM semble avoir une meilleure sensibilité que les réseaux de neurones. L'intérêt d'un tel travail est de pouvoir aider à terme au diagnostic de la maladie d'AlzheimerWe used PET imaging with tracers F18-FDG and AV45 in conjunction with the classification methods in the field of "Machine Learning". PET images were acquired in dynamic mode, an image every 5 minutes. The images used come from three different sources: the database ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuro-Imaging Initiative, University of California Los Angeles) and two protocols performed in the PET center of the Purpan Hospital. The classification was applied after processing dynamic images by Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis. The data were separated into training set and test set. To evaluate the performance of the classification we used the method of cross-validation LOOCV (Leave One Out Cross Validation). We give a comparison between the two most widely used classification methods, SVM (Support Vector Machine) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for both tracers. The combination giving the best classification rate seems to be SVM and AV45 tracer. However the most important confusion is found between MCI patients and normal subjects. Alzheimer's patients differ somewhat better since they are often found in more than 90%. We evaluated the generalization of our methods by making learning from set of data and classification on another set. We reached the specifity score of 100% and sensitivity score of more than 81%. SVM method showed a bettrer sensitivity than Artificial Neural Network method. The value of such work is to help the clinicians in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease
47
Ghedabna-Ferchichi, Yasmina. "Des fellah algériens face aux transformations de l'agriculture : le cas de la commune de Mila (Est algérien)." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20051.
Анотація:
L’étude des attitudes des fellah de Mila dans le Constantinois, à la suite des différentes phases de la politique agraire suivie depuis l'indépendance, se veut une contribution à une réflexion sur le problème de la crise de l'agriculture algérienne. Celle-ci n'est pas seulement alimentaire, elle est aussi liée a la crise de la paysannerie prise dans sa diversité sociale, paysannerie qui, quel que soit son niveau d'instruction, de responsabilité ou de richesse, parait désorientée et inquiète pour son avenir. Les paysans vivent dans cette période de transformation une véritable déchirure ; ils sont attachés à la tradition dans la mesure où elle s'enracine dans un passé souvent tenu pour une période d'équilibre sinon d'harmonie, mais ils sont acquis à la modernisation, dans la mesure où ils y voient le moyen de résoudre leurs difficultés présentes et d'échapper à leur désarroi. Ainsi dans la commune de Mila, il existe : - des gros privés qui se raccrochent au capital et aux valeurs afférentes à la terre mais ils fondent en fait leur stratégie de promotion sur l'instruction et la technique - des petits privés et des attributaires qui valorisent l'intensification du travail en vue de celle de la production. Ils dévalorisent l'instruction et la technicité car ce serait une remise en question de leur travail et de leur statut même de fellah. La scolarisation est toutefois désirée pour les enfants et surtout pour les garçons. - des travailleurs dans le secteur agricole étatique pour qui le travail agricole est devenu un métier. Ils valorisent la technicité, l'autorité et la liaison savoir abstrait-pouvoir. - enfin les ingénieurs gestionnaires qui valorisent les connaissances scientifiques et techniquesThe study of Mila farmer's attitudes in Constantine area, after the different phases of agrarian laws since the independance is one contribution to a thought about the crisis's problem of the algerian agriculture. The latter is not a food crisis only, but is also linked to the crisis of the farmers examined into their social differences. Farmers who appear desorientated and anxious for their futur whatever their level of education, responsability or wealth. The farmers live a real tear in this period of transformation ; they are attached to the tradition as far as it takes root into a past of ten considered as a period of balance or harmony, but they are acquiredto the modernization as far as they see there the way resolve their actual difficulties and to escape their helplessness. So are found in Mila : - big private farmers who cling to capital and values relating to the land but they base in reality their strategy of social advancement on education and technique. - small private farmers and individual farmers whoprivilege ? The intensification of work for the intensification of production. They depreciate education and technical nature because this could be a calling into question of their work and their statute of farmer. The schooling is however wanted for their children particularly for boys. - workers in agricultural sector of state control for whom the agricultural work has has become a profession. They promote technicality, authority and the connection between abstract knowledge and power. - finally management engineers who promote scientific and technical knowledge
48
Cooke, P. "Young people and the problems of rural living : some stories from a mid-Wales market town." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683127.
49
Tee, Abigail. "Acknowledging individual strengths, interests and needs of pupils with Autistic Spectrum Conditions : questioning 'Theory of Mind' (a pilot study)." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95513/.
Анотація:
Research investigating children and young people’s (CYP’s) performance in standard False Belief (FB) tasks, such as ‘The Sally Anne Task’ has highlighted that CYP with autistic spectrum condition (ASC) have difficulties in passing the task and demonstrating Theory of Mind (ToM), in comparison to CYP with ‘neurotypical’ development. This finding has led to the suggestion that individuals with ASC may have deficits in their ToM (Baron-Cohen, Leslie & Frith, 1985). The present research aimed to explore whether there were differences in the performance of pupils with ASC on ‘The Sally-Anne Task’ compared to an adapted task, which was tailored to the individual’s strengths, interests and areas of need (via information from a template about the pupil supplied by helpers). Nineteen pupils with a diagnosis of ‘autistic spectrum disorder’ between the ages of 6 and 10 years (mean = 8.47 years, standard deviation = 1.12 years) were recruited from mainstream classrooms or specialist resource bases attached to mainstream classrooms in three Welsh and five English primary schools. A pragmatic research framework employed a within subjects design; each pupil took part in the two (counterbalanced) tasks. A McNemar’s Exact test revealed a significant difference between the pass rates of pupils in the standard and adapted tasks (p = .008). Pupils in the adapted tasks were almost twice as likely to pass the tasks (M = .89, SD = .31) as those in the standard tasks (M = .47, SD = .51). Implications for understanding ToM in pupils with ASC are discussed and suggestions for developing support, which focuses on the individual’s strengths and interests, are proposed.
50
Joseph, Mathews. "Failure analysis in a paper mill and a coal conveyor system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36003/1/36003_Joseph_1997.pdf.
Анотація:
This thesis aims at explaining two different methods by which failure analysis can
be conducted . The two methods were used in two totally different circumstances.
One was the failure study conducted at the Petrie Mill of Australian Paper and the
other was a study of conveyor belt failures based on the author's experience at
Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited. The bottom line is to stress the need for
separate strategies depending on the nature of industry or the machinery and the
importance of documenting the actual Failure Analysis however it may be done.
This will help in further development of the strategies and provide ideas for
newcomers in the field. Using the data obtained by applying strategy-1 Reliability
Analysis and Planned Replacement cost analysis can be conducted. Two
components selected by applying strategy-I were analysed using Relcode and are
included in this thesis. Three other major initiatives associated with this research are
Failure Recording and Spare Control system (FR&SC) for Petrie Mill, Belt
Condition Recording and Monitoring system(BEL TCON) and Conveyor Belt
Breakdown Maintenance Management flow chart for users of conveyor belts. All of
these concepts, presently in a flow-chart form, can be programmed and further
developed into a full-fledged software package. They will definitely be very handy
tools for engineers and managers who deal with similar situations. The power of
FM-EAsy software is utilized in analysing the failures in conveyor belt systems,
which involves the recording of all failure modes, effects and criticality.