Статті в журналах: "Migration movement"

1

Bøe, Kristin, Michael Power, Martha J. Robertson, Corey J. Morris, J. Brian Dempson, Curtis J. Pennell, and Ian A. Fleming. "The influence of temperature and life stage in shaping migratory patterns during the early marine phase of two Newfoundland (Canada) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 12 (December 2019): 2364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0320.

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Owing to the iteroparous nature of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a seaward migrating cohort may consist of juveniles and adults that differ in size, maturity, experience, and in the motivation and consequences of migratory movements. Few studies have investigated the role of ontogeny in shaping intrapopulation variability in movement patterns among Atlantic salmon monitored under the same environmental conditions. This study contrasted the movements of smolts and kelts in two Canadian (Newfoundland) populations from marine entry through coastal embayments and quantified the influence of local water temperatures on movement patterns. Significant differences in migration routes, migration speed, and diel movements between smolts and kelts were present. Kelts generally displayed faster, more directed, and less nocturnal movements compared with smolts. Temperature influenced seaward movement positively, as well as the degree of diurnal movement. Prolonged nearshore residency by smolts and kelts in the two embayments was accompanied by a considerable improvement in ocean thermal conditions, hypothesized to promote open ocean entry during conditions favorable to migration performance.

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2

Kotef, Hagar. "Migration, settlement, movement." Cultural Dynamics 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374018795232.

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3

McMillan, M. N., C. Huveneers, J. M. Semmens, and B. M. Gillanders. "Partial female migration and cool-water migration pathways in an overfished shark." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy181.

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Abstract Knowledge about reproductive movements can be of important conservation value for over-exploited species that are vulnerable when moving between and within key reproductive habitats. Lack of knowledge persists around such movements in the overfished school shark Galeorhinus galeus in Australia. Management assumes all pregnant females migrate between adult aggregations in the Great Australian Bight, South Australia, and nursery areas around Bass Strait and Tasmania. We tracked 14 late-term pregnant females tagged in South Australia using satellite-linked pop-up archival tags to investigate extent, timing, and routes of migrations. We found partial migration, with some females (n = 7) remaining near aggregating areas throughout the pupping season, some migrating to known nursery areas (n = 3), and one migrating ∼3 000 km to New Zealand. We conclude female movements and pupping habitats are less spatially constrained than assumed and propose females use cool-water routes along the shelf break to reduce energy costs of migration. Migrating females using these routes faced greater fishing pressure than sharks in inshore areas and were not protected by inshore shark fishing closures designed to protect them. This study demonstrates the complexity of reproductive movements that can occur in wide-ranging species and highlights the value of explicit movement data.

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4

Sanderfer Doss, Selena. "Looking for Better: A History of Black Southern Migrations." Midwest Social Sciences Journal 24, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0796.241.1071.

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A broad overview of migrations affecting black southerners is presented, including the Atlantic slave trade, the domestic slave trade, colonization movements to Sierra Leone and Liberia, the Exoduster movement, the Great Migration, and the Return South migration. Emigrants convey their experiences and motivations through testimonies and personal accounts. Surviving the trauma of forced migrations, black southerners organized numerous migration movements both outside and within American polities in search of better opportunities. In the late 20th century, black southerners also initiated a return migration to the American South and have since achieved notable socioeconomic and political progress.

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5

Brown, J. Morgan, and Philip D. Taylor. "Adult and hatch-year blackpoll warblers exhibit radically different regional-scale movements during post-fledging dispersal." Biology Letters 11, no. 12 (December 2015): 20150593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0593.

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Using a broad-scale automated telemetry array, we explored post-fledging movements of blackpoll warblers breeding in Atlantic Canada. We sought to determine the full spatial scale of post-fledging dispersal, to assess support for three hypotheses for regional-scale post-fledging movement, and to determine whether learning influenced movement during this period. We demonstrated that both young and adults moved over distances more than 200 km prior to initiating migration. Adults moved southwest, crossing the Gulf of Maine (GOM), consistent with the commencement of migration hypothesis. Hatch-year birds exhibited less directional movements constrained geographically by the GOM. Their movements were most consistent with exploration hypotheses—that young birds develop a regional-scale map to aid in habitat selection, natal dispersal and subsequent migrations.

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6

Maida, Jared R., Christine A. Bishop, and Karl W. Larsen. "Migration and disturbance: impact of fencing and development on Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) spring movements in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0110.

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Due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, including land-use transformation globally, the natural process of animal migration is undergoing alterations across many taxa. Small-scale migrants provide useful systems at workable scales for investigating the influence of disturbance and landscape barriers on natural movement patterns and migrations. The Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840) in British Columbia, Canada, is a small, migrant predator that undertakes seasonal spring movements from its communal hibernaculum to summer hunting and mating grounds and reverses its movements in autumn. From 2011 to 2016, we examined changes to spring migration movements in 27 male Western Rattlesnakes encountering both mitigative fencing barriers and disturbed habitats. Individuals moving through disturbed habitats or intercepted by mitigative fencing demonstrated shorter migration distances and reduced spring path sinuosity compared with individuals migrating in undisturbed habitats. Specifically, individuals encountering a fence during spring movements completed shorter total spring migration path lengths and occupied smaller home ranges over the course of the entire active season. Total spring migration distance also was strongly associated with the distance that individuals traveled until they first encountered human disturbance. This study contributes significantly to our knowledge of how fencing barriers may impact normal behavioural patterns in smaller vertebrates.

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7

NISSEN, BRUCE. "Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets:Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets." American Anthropologist 109, no. 2 (June 2007): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.2.367.1.

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8

Lennox, Robert J., Finn Økland, Hiromichi Mitamura, Steven J. Cooke, and Eva B. Thorstad. "European eel Anguilla anguilla compromise speed for safety in the early marine spawning migration." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 6 (August 10, 2018): 1984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy104.

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Abstract There are substantial benefits to potential fitness conferred to animals that undertake migrations. However, animals must make compromises to maximize survival and compensate for the risks associated with long-distance movement. European eel (Anguilla anguilla), a migratory catadromous fish, has undergone population declines owing to changes in marine and freshwater habitat and interactions with human infrastructure, instigating research to investigate the mechanisms controlling their migration. Yellow-phase European eels from the local River Opo and silver-phase European eels transplanted from River Imsa, Norway, were implanted with acoustic transmitters and released within a network of receiver stations in the Hardangerfjord, Norway. Silver-phase eels exhibited more movement within the array than yellow-phase eels, signifying the onset of migration. Silver-phase eels moved through the fjord nocturnally, arriving at gates predominantly at night. Eels had slower rates of migration than expected based on models predicting continuous movement, suggesting that movement ceased during daylight hours. Reduced net rates of travel supported the hypothesis that eels compromise speed for safety during the early marine migration by avoiding predators and not actively migrating during daylight. The silver eels were capable of directed movement towards the ocean and were not recorded by receivers in bays or dead ends. European eels must successfully transit this coastal zone, where their residence is prolonged because of the relatively slow speeds. These results suggest that the early marine phase of the European eel spawning migration be a focal period for European eel conservation efforts.

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9

Azamatova, Gulmira. "THE MOVEMENT OF WOMEN IN POPULATION MIGRATION:PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 23, no. 2 (December 8, 2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2019-23-02.

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Nowadays,the quantity of migration in Uzbekistan are being highlighted through the statistical data given by results of demographic trends in this area. The general migration, especially. participation of females is a process which is full of contradictions and complexities. That is why ,in this article some reasons of female migrations have been studied

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10

Singha, Komol. "Migration, Ethnicity-based Movements and State’s Response." International Studies 55, no. 1 (January 2018): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881718754958.

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Following reclamation of Assamese ethnic identity, the movements for making Assam a nation province started in the 1960s. The caveat, however, was the ever-growing Bengali migrants from Bangladesh. The Assamese movement, bolstered by the exclusivity and dominance, caused resentment from the non-Assamese communities and this ostracism was manifested in the form of counter movements. After restoring normalcy for a few years, armed movement for secession kicked-off in the early 1980s and intensified in the 1990s. Unfortunately, State’s intervention failed to contain protracted conflicts, rather compounded the situation and gave rise to hybrid ethnic identities in the 2000s. This further led to demands for ethnicity-based autonomy movements.

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11

Kotowski, Susan E., Kermit G. Davis, Neal Wiggermann, and Rachel Williamson. "Quantification of Patient Migration in Bed." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55, no. 1 (January 18, 2013): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720812474300.

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Objective: The study objective was to quantify the movement of hospital bed occupants relative to the bed in typical bed articulations. Background: Movement of a patient in bed results in two common adverse events: (a) increase in shear and friction forces between the patient and bed, which are extrinsic pressure ulcer risk factors, and (b) musculoskeletal injuries to nurses, resulting from repositioning patients who have migrated down in bed. Method: The study involved 12 participants who lay supine in three hospital beds, which were articulated to common positions. Body movement relative to the bed was quantified with the use of motion capture. Cumulative movement, net displacement, and torso compression (shoulder to trochanter distance) were calculated for different bed types and bed movements. Results: Bed design and bed movement had a significant effect on most of the dependent variables. Bed design (e.g., type) influenced cumulative movement by up to 115%, net displacement by up to 70%, and torso compression by about 20%. Bed movement (e.g., knee elevation) reduced cumulative migration by up to 35%. Conclusion: The quantification of patient migration provides a metric for evaluating the interaction between body and bed surfaces. Overall, the measures were sensitive to design changes in bed frames, bed articulations, and mattress inflation. Application: Documentation of the cumulative movement, net displacement, and torso compression provides hospital bed designers quantifiable measures for reducing migration and potentially shear and friction forces when designing bed frames, bed articulations, and mattresses. Optimization of these metrics may ultimately have an impact on patient and caregiver health.

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12

Wells, William A. "Movement in Colorado." Journal of Cell Biology 160, no. 7 (March 24, 2003): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1607mr.

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13

Bidisha. "Poems of Movement and Migration." Wasafiri 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2018.1395155.

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14

Holtschneider, Hannah. "Introduction: Jews: migration, movement, location." Jewish Culture and History 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462169x.2019.1557459.

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15

Long, K. "When refugees stopped being migrants: Movement, labour and humanitarian protection." Migration Studies 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2013): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mns001.

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16

Barnard, Catherine, and Sarah Fraser Butlin. "Free movement vs. fair movement: Brexit and managed migration." Common Market Law Review 55, Special Issue (May 1, 2018): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2018064.

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The aim of this article is to propose a new concept of free movement of persons, based on the notion of “fair movement” or managed migration. In the context of the UK becoming a neighbouring State, but hoping to maintain access to the Single Market, the article explores possibilities of greater control for the host State while keeping some of the benefits of existing EU free movement rules. It recalls the discussions of free movement of workers at the time the EEC was established; it also looks at the differentiated provisions covering free movement of persons between the EU and EEA States, and the EU and Switzerland. It concludes that more flexibility will be needed in the two areas considered: equal treatment and emergency brake.

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17

Wor, Catarina, Murdoch K. McAllister, Steven J. D. Martell, Nathan G. Taylor, and Carl J. Walters. "A Lagrangian approach to model movement of migratory species." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 8 (August 2018): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0093.

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We introduce a Lagrangian movement model that can be used to characterize cyclic migrations of iteroparous fish populations. We demonstrate how movement parameters can be estimated using conventionally available catch-at-age data and provide a description of the potential bias that may arise from model misspecification, data aggregation, and nonstandardized sampling effort. The model can be extended to incorporate covariates representing biological and environmental forces that alter the distribution and migration range of exploited populations. We expect that this movement model will be a useful tool to model fish migration, to illustrate how fisheries dynamics are affected by fish migration, and to be used as an operating model in closed loop simulations to test the robustness of management frameworks to spatial structure and connectivity.

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18

Petkovic, Dara. "Influence of migrational components of the Srem district on demographic growth." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 131 (2010): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031155p.

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The areas of Srem, and other parts of Vojvodina, are characterized by the constant movement of the population. Most causes of migration are economic, social, ethnic or political reasons. Migration could be voluntarily or forced, mass or individual, occasional or planned. The stated causes of migration occurring in Srem since 1961 to 1991 were mainly routed to the cities for economic reasons. The cities have absorbed the largest number of migrants provided by the rural hinterland. More intensive population movement was towards larger regional centers, resulting in some differences between urban settlements. The intensity and direction of movement of the population is largely dependent on the economic developed area. At the end of the twentieth century there were mass migrations from the territory of the former Yugoslavia. These migrations have affected to the demographic growth of population of Srem district. .

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19

Otterstrom, Samuel M. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100202.

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This paper models one facet of the relationship between housing market price shifts and income migration among U.S. regions: how income migration relates to regional housing price clusters. The tremendous negative slide in national housing prices from 2006 to 2012 had an uneven spatial distribution. These differences are explored within the context of net income and net population migration (movement of money with people). Median housing prices for urban areas from 2005 to 2010 and IRS county-to-county migration data are used to compare income migration among urban clusters of similar housing price trends. Selective migrations of people and income in and out of these housing clusters have either exacerbated the housing bust or softened its decline. Income effectiveness, or the gain or loss of money caused by migration, is a helpful measure that can be used to help predict future housing price movements.

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20

Duany, Jorge. "Caribbean Migration to Puerto Rico: A Comparison of Cubans and Dominicans." International Migration Review 26, no. 1 (March 1992): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600103.

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Cuban and Dominican migration to Puerto Rico is a recent example of the intra-Caribbean movements initiated over 200 years ago. This article argues that migration within the Caribbean is as important as migration outside the region. To begin, the historical literature shows that intra-Caribbean migration preceded the movement to North America and Europe. Furthermore, migration within the region has always been heterogeneous in its socioeconomic composition and motivations. The present essay examines the similarities and differences between Cubans and Dominicans in Puerto Rico. Its objectives are to determine the magnitude of the flows, describe the migrants’ residential patterns, analyze their mode of incorporation into the labor market, assess their socioeconomic origins, and evaluate their reasons for migrating. The article concludes that intra-Caribbean migration continues to provide a significant avenue for social mobility within the region.

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21

Ramji-Nogales, Jaya, and Iris Goldner Lang. "Freedom of movement, migration, and borders." Journal of Human Rights 19, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1830045.

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22

Horton, Travis W., Richard N. Holdaway, Alexandre N. Zerbini, Nan Hauser, Claire Garrigue, Artur Andriolo, and Phillip J. Clapham. "Straight as an arrow: humpback whales swim constant course tracks during long-distance migration." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (April 20, 2011): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0279.

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Humpback whale seasonal migrations, spanning greater than 6500 km of open ocean, demonstrate remarkable navigational precision despite following spatially and temporally distinct migration routes. Satellite-monitored radio tag-derived humpback whale migration tracks in both the South Atlantic and South Pacific include constant course segments of greater than 200 km, each spanning several days of continuous movement. The whales studied here maintain these directed movements, often with better than 1° precision, despite the effects of variable sea-surface currents. Such remarkable directional precision is difficult to explain by established models of directional orientation, suggesting that alternative compass mechanisms should be explored.

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23

Shapiro-Phim, Toni. "Cambodia's Seasons of Migration." Dance Research Journal 40, no. 2 (2008): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700000383.

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In classical Khmer dance dramas, the fluidity of gestural and choreographic movement is complemented by the seamlessness with which mythical figures move between the realms of sky, earth, and sea. Such mythical migrations have been the subject of Khmer dance dramas for centuries. In this essay I explore the recent development and performance of one specific danced story of migration and the performers' social realities that complicate their relationship to their art and to this story in particular. I discuss transnational migration's impact on current and future possibilities for Khmer classical dance, and the lessons Cambodia's female dancers take from the fluidity, adaptability, and flexibility required of Khmer choreography as they negotiate their immediate social, cultural, and political upheavals.

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24

Stich, Daniel S., Michael T. Kinnison, John F. Kocik, and Joseph D. Zydlewski. "Initiation of migration and movement rates of Atlantic salmon smolts in fresh water." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 9 (September 2015): 1339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0570.

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Timing of ocean entry is critical for marine survival of both hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Management practices and barriers to migration such as dams may constrain timing of smolt migrations resulting in suboptimal performance at saltwater entry. We modeled influences of stocking location, smolt development, and environmental conditions on (i) initiation of migration by hatchery-reared smolts and (ii) movement rate of hatchery- and wild-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA, from 2005 through 2014 using acoustic telemetry data. We also compared movement rates in free-flowing reaches with rates in reaches with hydropower dams and head ponds. We compared movement rates before and after (1) removal of two mainstem dams and (2) construction of new powerhouses. Initiation of movement by hatchery fish was influenced by smolt development, stocking location, and environmental conditions. Smolts with the greatest gill Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity initiated migration 24 h sooner than fish with the lowest gill NKA activity. Fish with the greatest cumulative thermal experience initiated migration 5 days earlier than those with lowest cumulative thermal experience. Smolts released furthest from the ocean initiated migration earlier than those released downstream, but movement rate increased by fivefold closer to the ocean, indicating behavioral trade-offs between initiation and movement rate. Dams had a strong effect on movement rate. Movement rate increased from 2.8 to 5.4 km·h−1 in reaches where dams were removed, but decreased from 2.1 to 0.1 km·h−1 in reaches where new powerhouses were constructed. Movement rate varied throughout the migratory period and was inversely related to temperature. Fish moved slower at extreme high or low discharge. Responses in fish movement rates to dam removal indicate the potential scope of recovery for these activities.

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25

O'Boyle, Robert, Micah Dean, and Christopher M. Legault. "The influence of seasonal migrations on fishery selectivity." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 7 (April 4, 2016): 1774–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw048.

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Abstract Based on previous work, dome-shaped fishery selectivity patterns are expected in place of asymptotic patterns when one-way fish movements among areas are considered. It is less clear if this occurs when the “round-trip” seasonal movements are considered. A simulation of a long-distance migrating fish stock (Atlantic menhaden) was used to study the influence of life history and fishery processes on selectivity, under an “areas as fleet” stock assessment context. When age-constant two-way migration was assumed to occur at a low rate, a domed selectivity pattern in the area experiencing the highest fishing mortality was produced, consistent with previous work. However, as the two-way migration rate increased, the domed selectivity pattern diminished and eventually disappeared. When age-varying migration was introduced, with a higher movement probability for older fish, domed selectivity prevailed in the source (i.e. spawning) area. If movement away from the spawning area occurs at younger ages than are selected by the fishing gear, the extent of the dome in this area is reduced. When movement away from the spawning area occurs at ages that are already available to the fishing gear, the dome in the spawning area is exaggerated. The area in which domed selectivity occurred was primarily determined by whether the probability of movement increased or decreased with age. In contrast to previous work that considered one-way or diffusive movement, the temporal or spatial distribution of recruitment and overall fishing mortality did not have a significant influence on selectivity. Building simulations that reflect the life history of the stock can guide assessment efforts by placing priors and constraints on model fits to selectivity patterns and be used to explore trade-offs between model complexity and the ability to produce reasonable management advice. Their development is encouraged as a standard feature in the assessment of migratory fish stocks.

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Sinsch, Ulrich. "Movement ecology of amphibians: from individual migratory behaviour to spatially structured populations in heterogeneous landscapes,." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 6 (June 2014): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0028.

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Both genetic cohesion among local populations of animals and range expansion depend on the frequency of dispersers moving at an interpatch scale. Animal movement has an individual component that reflects behaviour and an ecological component that reflects the spatial organization of populations. The total movement capacity of an individual describes maximum movement distance theoretically achievable during a lifetime, whereas its variation among the members of a local population determines the magnitude of interpatch movements and thus of gene flow between neighbouring patches within metapopulation or patchy population systems. Here, I review information on dispersal and migration as components of the movement capacity of juvenile and adult pond-breeding amphibians and discuss how these components inform the spatial structure of populations. Amphibians disperse as juveniles and adults, but movement distances detected in tracking or capture–mark–recapture studies are usually far below the corresponding estimates based on molecular gene-flow data. This discrepancy reflects the constraints of available tracking methods for free-ranging individuals leading to inappropriate surrogates of annual movement capacity, but can be resolved using probabilistic approaches based on dispersal functions. There is remarkable capacity for and plasticity in movements in amphibians. Annual within-patch movements (migrations) of individuals can be large and likely represent an underestimated capacity for movement at the interpatch scale. Landscape resistance may influence the paths of dispersing amphibians, but rarely impedes interpatch movements. Juveniles emigrating unpredictably far from the natal pond and adults switching from within-patch migrations to dispersal to another patch demonstrate the plasticity of individual movement behaviour. Three basic conclusions can be drawn with respect to the linkage of individual movement behaviour and spatial or genetic structure of local amphibian populations embedded in a heterogeneous landscape: (1) individual movements or consecutive short-term series of movements are misleading surrogate measures of total movement capacity; (2) probabilistic modelling of movement capacity is the best available behavioural predictor of interpatch gene flow; (3) connectivity of local populations in heterogeneous landscapes is less affected by landscape resistance than previously expected.

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Panchenko, Tetyana. "FEATURES OF THE MIGRATION MOVEMENT OF UKRAINIANS TO GERMANY AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT." Strategic Panorama, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53679/2616-9460.1-2.2019.04.

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The article deals with a popular direction of the migration movement of Ukrainians in the conditions of increasing migration flows from Ukraine, in particular, the migrations of Ukrainians to Germany. The purpose of article is an analysis the current wave of migration from Ukraine to Germany and assessing the prospects for the development of migration processes in this direction. The modern fifth wave of migration from Ukraine to Germany, which began after 2010, stands out as an integral part of the history of Ukrainian migration and differs from the”wage-earning» wave on the grounds that it is characterized also by noneconomic motives of migration. The quantitative and socio-demographic characteristics of Ukrainian migrants, especially the fifth wave, their migration experience, educational level and employment were determined on the basis of an analysis of data from the Federal Office of Statistics of Germany and other sources. Particular attention is paid to highly skilled labour migrants from Ukraine who came to Germany after 2010: the reasons for their migration, sources of access to the German labour market, primarily through the Blue Card program and through the educational channel, are being investigated. Further prospects for labour migration from Ukraine to Germany are evaluated in the context of the new migration law in Germany: done a comparative analysis of the migration attractiveness of Germany and Poland, which has significantly simplified migration from Ukraine, and assessed the possibility of returning migrant workers to Ukraine. It is concluded that a further gradual increase in the number of highly skilled Ukrainians in Germany and the final elimination of the fifth wave of Ukrainian migration is dominated by professionals.

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28

Åkesson, Susanne, and Henri Weimerskirch. "Albatross Long-Distance Navigation: Comparing Adults And Juveniles." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 3 (August 19, 2005): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003401.

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Albatrosses are known for their extreme navigation performance enabling them to locate isolated breeding islands after long-distance migrations across open seas. Little is known about the migration of young albatrosses and how they reach the adults' navigation and foraging skills during the period of immaturity lasting several years and spent permanently flying across the open ocean. We tracked by satellite telemetry the dispersal and migration of 13 juvenile wandering albatrosses from the Crozet Islands during their first year at sea. The young albatrosses covered an average distance of 184,000 km during the first year, restricting their dispersal movement to the unproductive and low wind subtropical Indian Ocean and Tasman Sea. The juveniles initiated the migration by an innate phase of rapid dispersal encoded as a fixed flight direction assisted by southerly winds towards north and northeast. Thereafter each individual restricted its movement to a particular zone of the ocean that will possibly be used until they start breeding 7–10 years later and return in contact with breeding adults. This dispersal in young birds corresponds well with movements observed for adult non-breeding wandering albatrosses. The results show clearly an inherited ability to navigate back to already visited areas in young wandering albatrosses. The juvenile dispersal behaviour and migration at sea suggest a genetically based migration program, encoding navigation to a destination area used throughout the life.

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Appeldoorn, Richard S., and Björn L. K. Bouwmeester. "Ontogenetic Migration of Juvenile Grunts (Haemulon) across a Coral Reef Seascape: Pathways and Potential Mechanisms." Diversity 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030168.

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Many coral reef fishes undergo ontogenetic migrations from inshore nurseries to offshore reefs. Quantifying cross-habitat connectivity is important for understanding reef fish spatio-temporal dynamics, essential habitat and spatial planning. Past studies show connectivity is mediated by distance and habitat arrangement. Few studies have documented the pathways linking juveniles and adults, nor suggested underlying orientation/navigation processes important for a more generalized understanding of ontogenetic habitat use. Ontogenetic movements of juvenile grunts, primarily Haemulon flavolineatum, in Puerto Rico were studied using mark-recapture. Small juveniles were tagged at a back-reef site designed to determine their potential movement through a series of size-specific daytime resting schools and posing a choice of direction in migration. Larger juveniles were tagged at mid-shelf reefs to capture off-reef migration to adult locations, including a proposed marine reserve. Small juveniles moved toward more exposed areas, accomplished by progressively shifting locations through existing resting schools. Movement was size-related and alongshore, but direction was primarily parallel to the coast, leading fish away from adjacent areas more directly offshore. Direction may have resulted from the potential mechanism of fish transfer between resting schools rather than by orientation cues. Larger juveniles were tracked from back-reef to fore-reef sites, but no fish were recaptured off-reef. Slower growth than predicted may have contributed to the perceived lack of movement. Localized behavior and habitat distribution appear important in determining the initial pathways of ontogenetic migration, and these may fix later directional movements to unexpected areas.

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McNevin, Anne. "Movement and the Ordering of Freedom: On Liberal Governances of Mobility. By Hagar Kotef." Migration Studies 4, no. 1 (September 29, 2015): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnv016.

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31

Simiczyjew, Aleksandra, Anna Konopnicka, and Dorota Nowak. "Ameboid movement of cancer cells." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 72 (January 25, 2018): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.8134.

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Cell migration is a very complicated process essential for proper functioning of all living cells and organisms. It underlies numerous physiological processes as embryogenesis or wound healing as well as pathological processes such as cancer cell metastasis. The manner of cell locomotion was classified based on many parameters. There are two ways of individual migration: amoeboid and mesenchymal. The locomotion of groups of cells is known as collective type of movement. Amoeboid migration refers to rounded or ellipsoid cells and is regulated by Rho family proteins. It is stimulated by GTPase Rho and kinase ROCK. Cells which migrate in amoeboid mode do not form mature focal adhesions or stress fibres composed of polymerized actin. These cells form very dynamic migratory protrusions called blebbs. They are formed on the leading edge of the cell, which moves forward due to contractions occurring at opposite edge. In contrast to mesenchymal mode of movement, in amoeboid migration proteases activity is not required, because cells just squeeze through gaps present in extracellular matrix using actomyosin contractility. Additionally cells are able to change their mode of migration. One of this possible transformation is mesenchymal to amoeboid transition, which is crucial in metastasis and cancer invasion. This paper describes mechanisms responsible for amoeboid movement and basic pathways regulating this process.

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Tolnay, Stewart E., and E. M. Beck. "Black Flight: Lethal Violence and the Great Migration, 1900–1930." Social Science History 14, no. 3 (1990): 347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020836.

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After decades of relative residential stability, southern blacks began migrating in striking numbers following the turn of the twentieth century. Reconstruction and Redemption saw a fair amount of short-distance movement as black tenant farmers exchanged one landlord for another in search of favorable financial arrangements. Some blacks moved across state lines, generally toward the Southwest, in pursuit of King Cotton and the livelihood it promised. However, these population movements pale in comparison with the massive migration of southern blacks during the first half of this century.

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Baker, J., WE Theurkauf, and G. Schubiger. "Dynamic changes in microtubule configuration correlate with nuclear migration in the preblastoderm Drosophila embryo." Journal of Cell Biology 122, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.1.113.

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Drosophila embryogenesis is initiated by a series of syncytial mitotic divisions. The first nine of these divisions are internal, and are accompanied by two temporally distinct nuclear movements that lead to the formation of a syncytial blastoderm with a uniform monolayer of cortical nuclei. The first of these movements, which we term axial expansion, occurs during division cycles 4-6 and distributes nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex. This is followed by cortical migration, during cycles 7-10, which places the nuclei in a uniform monolayer at the cortex. Here we report that these two movements differ in their geometry, velocity, cell-cycle dependence, and protein synthesis requirement. We therefore conclude that axial expansion and cortical migration are mechanistically distinct, amplifying a similar conclusion based on pharmacological data (Zalokar and Erk, 1976). We have examined microtubule organization during cortical migration and find that a network of interdigitating microtubules connects the migrating nuclei. These anti-parallel microtubule arrays are observed between migrating nuclei and yolk nuclei located deeper in the embryo. These arrays are present during nuclear movement but break down when the nuclei are not moving. We propose that cortical migration is driven by microtubule-dependent forces that repel adjacent nuclei, leading to an expansion of the nuclear ellipsoid established by axial expansion.

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Ichinokawa, Momoko, Atilio L. Coan,, and Yukio Takeuchi. "Transoceanic migration rates of young North Pacific albacore, Thunnus alalunga, from conventional tagging data." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 8 (August 2008): 1681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-095.

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This study summarizes US and Japanese historical North Pacific albacore ( Thunnus alalunga) tagging data and uses maximum likelihood methods to estimate seasonal migration rates of young North Pacific albacore. Previous studies related to North Pacific albacore migration have found that the frequency of albacore migrations is difficult to quantify because of inadequate amounts of tags released by the US tagging program in the western Pacific. Use of the combined Japan and US tagging data solves this problem. This study also incorporates specific seasonal migration routes, hypothesized in past qualitative analyses, to avoid overparameterization problems. The estimated migration patterns qualitatively correspond to those from previous studies and suggest the possibility of frequent westward movements and infrequent eastward movements in the North Pacific. This frequent westward movement of young albacore in the North Pacific would correspond to a part of albacore life history in which immature fish recruit into fisheries in the western and eastern Pacific and then gradually move near to their spawning grounds in the central and western Pacific before maturing.

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Baudchon, Gerard P. "Movement in the French Pacific: Recent Situation and Prospects." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100207.

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Population movements in the French Pacific territories (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna) are discussed. The local government of French Polynesia and the French authorities have tried since the beginning of the 1980s to prevent migration to Tahiti by retaining the population on the outer islands and by encouraging return migration. In New Caledonia, though the internal migration problem has been overshadowed by political turmoil, the 1988 Matignon Agreement addresses regional development and migration. The future of movement in the French Pacific is partly linked to the political status and economic prosperity of each territory because the actual policies are very expensive and cannot be maintained without external financial assistance.

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Patkus, Ronald D. "MUSICAL MIGRATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE TERESA CARREÑO PAPERS." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.6.1.239.

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When we focus on the migration of collections, we generally think of the movement of these collections into our own repositories, typically in North America. But as we widen our focus, we see other types of collection migrations, including those from America to other countries. What is more, we can even see cases where both of these movements—to and from America—apply to a single collection. Though less frequent than single migrations, multiple migrations raise a variety of key issues for scholars, librarians, and others. The papers of Teresa Carreño, the Venezuelan pianist, composer, and teacher, provide a case in point.

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Hammad, Ayat S., and Khaled Machaca. "Store Operated Calcium Entry in Cell Migration and Cancer Metastasis." Cells 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051246.

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Ca2+ signaling is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and modulates many cellular events including cell migration. Directional cell migration requires the polarization of both signaling and structural elements. This polarization is reflected in various Ca2+ signaling pathways that impinge on cell movement. In particular, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) plays important roles in regulating cell movement at both the front and rear of migrating cells. SOCE represents a predominant Ca2+ influx pathway in non-excitable cells, which are the primary migrating cells in multicellular organisms. In this review, we summarize the role of Ca2+ signaling in cell migration with a focus on SOCE and its diverse functions in migrating cells and cancer metastasis. SOCE has been implicated in regulating focal adhesion turnover in a polarized fashion and the mechanisms involved are beginning to be elucidated. However, SOCE is also involved is other aspects of cell migration with a less well-defined mechanistic understanding. Therefore, much remains to be learned regarding the role and regulation of SOCE in migrating cells.

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Montopoli, George, Nick Visser, and Hank Harlow. "An Investigation into Marmot Migration in Grand Teton National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 20 (January 1, 1996): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3289.

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In 1994 and 1995, a high abundant winter snowfall at higher elevations appeared to result in long distance movement patterns by yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) over snow to lower, snowfree elevations where food was more available. As the snow melted and food became abundant, the marmots return to higher altitudes. In 1996, we continued to investigate the potential for migrational movements, by studying two study sites at different elevations in the North Fork of Cascade Canyon. Four marmots at each site were implanted with intraperitoneal tracking transmitters. Of eight marmots that were equipped with intraperitoneal transmitters, six demonstrated significant movements of greater than 0.5 km, one did not, and one most likely died as a result of predation before any movement could be observed. Of the six that demonstrated significant movements within the canyon, only one moved distances greater than 1 km. Marmots, after emerging from hibernation, migrated down canyon to snowfree areas as they become available. With progressive snow melt, most marmots move upward to higher elevations, but not to the extent originally expected. Instead, they moved to the first available habitat where food was obtainable, and other (dominant) marmots accepted their presence. This movement is exhibited in both males and females, yearlings and adults, and melanistic and normal colored marmots.

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Dang, Anh, Sidney Goldstein, and James McNally. "Internal Migration and Development in Vietnam." International Migration Review 31, no. 2 (June 1997): 312–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100203.

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This article is a step toward understanding the nature of the interrelationship between population movement and development as Vietnam continues to move toward intensive market reforms. Underutilized tabulations from the 1989 census and national statistical data on characteristics of provinces were explored to gain insights into the roles of development in interprovincial migration within a context of institutional intervention. The overall results of OLS regression indicate that more developed provinces attracted higher volumes of inmigrants, whereas less developed provinces produced more outmigrants, other things being equal. Most of the migrants, especially females, moved to more urbanized and industrialized areas, regardless of their origin home provinces. The government's organized population movements towards remote resettlement areas were costly from the view of the migrants. The study results suggest the importance of interpreting population movement in Vietnam within the broader context of its current transition to a market economy. Government key-policy deliberations must include careful attention to how migration relates to long-term national development.

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Henderson, EE, M. Deakos, J. Aschettino, D. Englehaupt, and G. Alongi. "Behavior and inter-island movements of satellite-tagged humpback whales in Hawai’i, USA." Marine Ecology Progress Series 685 (March 10, 2022): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13976.

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Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae encountered off the island of Kaua’i, Hawai’i, USA, in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were photo-identified, and 19 whales were equipped with satellite telemetry tags to track their inter-island movements and use their movement behavior to estimate when and where the whales changed their behavior from breeding to migration. Fluke photographs were matched in the online photo-ID repository HappyWhale to track individual observation histories and movement records within the islands and on their way to their feeding grounds. Tag attachment periods were relatively short, with transmissions lasting 1.6-12.5 d. Movement behavior models were developed using hidden Markov models; whales in proximity to land were found to remain in area-restricted search or an intermediate behavior state, while whales that moved between islands or offshore tended to transition into directed travel behavior. Movement patterns and routes were similar between animals and across years, particularly when they transited between Kaua’i and O’ahu and began migrating from Ni’ihau to the first seamounts of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Dive data were also analyzed in association with the movement behavior. Whales that transited between Kaua’i and O’ahu as well as those in offshore waters conducted repeated series of deep (>100 m) dives only at night, whereas whales that remained in nearshore waters conducted less frequent and less deep dives day or night. These results provide insight into the inter-island movements and behavior of humpback whales while on the Hawaiian breeding grounds as well as where and how their behavior transitioned into migration.

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Qin, Lei, Dazhi Yang, Weihong Yi, Huiling Cao, and Guozhi Xiao. "Roles of leader and follower cells in collective cell migration." Molecular Biology of the Cell 32, no. 14 (July 1, 2021): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0681.

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Collective cell migration is a widely observed phenomenon during animal development, tissue repair, and cancer metastasis. Considering its broad involvement in biological processes, it is essential to understand the basics behind the collective movement. Based on the topology of migrating populations, tissue-scale kinetics, called the “leader–follower” model, has been proposed for persistent directional collective movement. Extensive in vivo and in vitro studies reveal the characteristics of leader cells, as well as the special mechanisms leader cells employ for maintaining their positions in collective migration. However, follower cells have attracted increasing attention recently due to their important contributions to collective movement. In this Perspective, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the “leader–follower” model is reviewed with a special focus on the force transmission and diverse roles of leaders and followers during collective cell movement.

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McCormick, Stephen D., Lars P. Hansen, Thomas P. Quinn, and Richard L. Saunders. "Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, S1 (January 1, 1998): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/d98-011.

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A variety of movements characterize the behavioral plasticity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fresh water, including movements of fry from redds, establishment of feeding territories, spawning movements of sexually mature male parr, movement to and from winter habitat, and smolt migration in spring. Smolting is an adaptive specialization for downstream migration, seawater entry, and marine residence. While still in fresh water, smolts become silvery and streamlined, lose their positive rheotaxis and territoriality, and begin schooling. Physiological changes include increased salinity tolerance, olfactory sensitivity, metabolic rate, scope for growth, and altered hemoglobin and visual pigments. Through their impact on the neuroendocrine system, photoperiod and temperature regulate physiological changes, whereas temperature and water flow may initiate migration. Smolt survival is affected by a limited period of readiness (a physiological "smolt window") and the timing of seawater entry with environmental conditions such as temperature, food, and predators (an ecological "smolt window"). Smolt development is adversely affected by acidity, pollutants, and improper rearing conditions, and is often more sensitive than other life stages. Unfortunately, the migration corridor of smolts (mainstems of rivers and estuaries) are the most heavily impacted by pollution, dams, and other anthropogenic activities that may be directly lethal or increase mortality by delaying or inhibiting smolt migration.

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Simone, AbdouMaliq. "The Urbanity of Movement." Journal of Planning Education and Research 31, no. 4 (August 15, 2011): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x11416366.

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The economies of Africa’s largest metropolitan regions reflect a contested intersection of orientations, practices, demands, values, and articulations to the larger world. While rural to urban migration may have substantially decreased, the circulation of populations within metropolitan regions, across primary and secondary cities, and along increasingly elaborated transnational circuits of movement and exchange raise important questions about conventional notions of population movement. As planning mechanisms tend to assume certain stability in the relationship of population to place, what kinds of understanding of movements may be necessary to engage the variegated ways that cities are articulated through these movements?

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Fullman, Timothy J., Brian T. Person, Alexander K. Prichard, and Lincoln S. Parrett. "Variation in winter site fidelity within and among individuals influences movement behavior in a partially migratory ungulate." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): e0258128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258128.

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Many animals migrate to take advantage of temporal and spatial variability in resources. These benefits are offset with costs like increased energetic expenditure and travel through unfamiliar areas. Differences in the cost-benefit ratio for individuals may lead to partial migration with one portion of a population migrating while another does not. We investigated migration dynamics and winter site fidelity for a long-distance partial migrant, barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) of the Teshekpuk Caribou Herd in northern Alaska. We used GPS telemetry for 76 female caribou over 164 annual movement trajectories to identify timing and location of migration and winter use, proportion of migrants, and fidelity to different herd wintering areas. We found within-individual variation in movement behavior and wintering area use by the Teshekpuk Caribou Herd, adding caribou to the growing list of ungulates that can exhibit migratory plasticity. Using a first passage time–net squared displacement approach, we classified 78.7% of annual movement paths as migration, 11.6% as residency, and 9.8% as another strategy. Timing and distance of migration varied by season and wintering area. Duration of migration was longer for fall migration than for spring, which may relate to the latter featuring more directed movement. Caribou utilized four wintering areas, with multiple areas used each year. This variation occurred not just among different individuals, but state sequence analyses indicated low fidelity of individuals to wintering areas among years. Variability in movement behavior can have fitness consequences. As caribou face the pressures of a rapidly warming Arctic and ongoing human development and activities, further research is needed to investigate what factors influence this diversity of behaviors in Alaska and across the circumpolar Arctic.

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Kubiak, Michał. "Uwarunkowania i konsekwencje migracji zarobkowych z Polski do innych państw Unii Europejskiej w perspektywie społeczno-ekonomicznej." Cywilizacja i Polityka 14, no. 14 (October 30, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0246.

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The subject of this article is the question of the social consequences of economic migration. Migrant workers contribute to growth and development in theircountries but in the long term perspective mass migrations of citizens abroad may causeserious social crisis. Migrations are a serious threat to family policy, employment policy andsocial security of citizens. Migration strategy the state should find a solution which on the onehand will make use of the gains offered by the free movement of persons on the other handwill stop the negative social effects of migration.

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Lester, RJG. "Reappraisal of the use of parasites for fish stock identification." Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 6 (1990): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900855.

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Analysis of the geographical distributions of parasites is an excellent source of information about the movement of host fish. Occasionally such analysis can also allow us to discriminate between fish populations, though unequivocal discrimination usually requires methods with a genetic basis. In assessing fish movement, parasites have two advantages over conventional tags: they can more readily detect mass migration and, because the fish only have to be caught once, the data are usually cheaper to obtain. The most important criterion in selecting a parasite to be used as a tag is its longevity in the fish; short-lived parasites give information on short-term movements of the fish, long-lived parasites on more extensive migrations.

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Park, Hahck Soo, and Young Jin Lim. "Epidural Catheter Migration Associated with Patient Movement." Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 42, no. 4 (2002): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2002.42.4.508.

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Riley, Joseph R., and V. Alistair Drake. "Technologies for insect movement and migration research." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 35, no. 2-3 (August 2002): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1699(02)00011-x.

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Mandel, J. T., K. L. Bildstein, G. Bohrer, and D. W. Winkler. "Movement ecology of migration in turkey vultures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 49 (December 5, 2008): 19102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801789105.

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Hardwick, Susan W. "Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets." Professional Geographer 59, no. 4 (November 2007): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00642.x.

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