Статті в журналах: "Middle ear electrical model"

1

Najda, S. A. "Electrical Models of the Human Middle and Inner Ear." Electronics and Communications 17, no. 3 (September 24, 2012): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2012.17.3.219591.

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2

SEONG, Ki-Woong, Eui-Sung JUNG, Hyung-Gyu LIM, Jang-Woo LEE, Min-Woo KIM, Sang-Hyo WOO, Jung-Hyun LEE, Il-Yong PARK, and Jin-Ho CHO. "Vibration Analysis of Human Middle Ear with Differential Floating Mass Transducer Using Electrical Model." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E92-D, no. 10 (2009): 2156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e92.d.2156.

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3

Liu, Houguang, Hehe Wang, Zhushi Rao, Jianhua Yang, and Shanguo Yang. "Numerical Study and Optimization of a Novel Piezoelectric Transducer for a Round-Window Stimulating Type Middle-Ear Implant." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010040.

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Round window (RW) stimulation is a new application of middle ear implants for treating hearing loss, especially for those with middle ear disease. However, most reports on it are based on the use of the floating mass transducer (FMT), which was not originally designed for round window stimulation. The mismatch of the FMT’s diameter and the round window membrane’s diameter and the uncontrollable preload of the transducer, leads to a high variability in its clinical outcomes. Accordingly, a new piezoelectric transducer for the round-window-stimulating-type middle ear implant is proposed in this paper. The transducer consists of a piezoelectric stack, a flextensional amplifier, a coupling rod, a salver, a plate, a titanium housing and a supporting spring. Based on a constructed coupling finite element model of the human ear and the transducer, the influences of the transducer design parameters on its performance were analyzed. The optimal structure of the supporting spring, which determines the transducer’s resonance frequency, was ascertained. The results demonstrate that our designed transducer generates better output than the FMT, especially at low frequency. Besides this, the power consumption of the transducer was significantly decreased compared with a recently reported RW-stimulating piezoelectric transducer.

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4

Kim, Min-Woo, Min-Kyu Kim, Ki-Woong Seong, Hyung-Gyu Lim, Eui-Sung Jung, Ji-Hun Han, Il-Yong Park, and Jin-Ho Cho. "Vibration characteristic analysis of differential floating mass transducer using electrical model for fully-implantable middle ear hearing devices." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 16, no. 3 (May 31, 2007): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2007.16.3.165.

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5

Osses Vecchi, Alejandro, Léo Varnet, Laurel H. Carney, Torsten Dau, Ian C. Bruce, Sarah Verhulst, and Piotr Majdak. "A comparative study of eight human auditory models of monaural processing." Acta Acustica 6 (2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2022008.

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A number of auditory models have been developed using diverging approaches, either physiological or perceptual, but they share comparable stages of signal processing, as they are inspired by the same constitutive parts of the auditory system. We compare eight monaural models that are openly accessible in the Auditory Modelling Toolbox. We discuss the considerations required to make the model outputs comparable to each other, as well as the results for the following model processing stages or their equivalents: Outer and middle ear, cochlear filter bank, inner hair cell, auditory nerve synapse, cochlear nucleus, and inferior colliculus. The discussion includes a list of recommendations for future applications of auditory models.

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6

Shin, Dong Ho. "Design Study of a Round Window Piezoelectric Transducer for Active Middle Ear Implants." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030946.

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This report describes the design of a new piezoelectric transducer for round window (RW)-driven middle ear implants. The transducer consists of a piezoelectric element, gold-coated copper bellows, silicone elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), metal cylinder (tungsten), and titanium housing. The piezoelectric element is fixed to the titanium housing and mechanical resonance is generated by the interaction of the bellows, PDMS, and tungsten cylinder. The dimensions of PDMS and the tungsten cylinder with output characteristics suitable for compensation of sensorineural hearing loss were derived by mechanical vibrational analysis (equivalent mechanical model and finite element analysis (FEA)). Based on the results of FEA, the RW piezoelectric transducer was implemented, and bench tests were performed under no-load conditions to confirm the output characteristics. The transducer generates an average displacement of 219.6 nm in the flat band (0.1–1 kHz); the resonance frequency is 2.3 kHz. To evaluate the output characteristics, the response was compared to that of an earlier transducer. When driven by the same voltage (6 Vp), the flat band displacement averaged 30 nm larger than that of the other transducer, and no anti-resonance was noted. Therefore, we expect that the new transducer can serve as an output device for hearing aids, and that it will improve speech recognition and treat high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss more effectively.

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7

Liu, Zhao, Yang, and Rao. "The Influence of Piezoelectric Transducer Stimulating Sites on the Performance of Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Devices: A Numerical Analysis." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110782.

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To overcome the inherent deficiencies of hearing aids, implantable middle ear hearing devices (IMEHDs) have emerged as a new treatment for hearing loss. However, clinical results show that the IMEHD performance varies with its transducer’s stimulating site. To numerically analyze the influence of the piezoelectric transducer’s stimulating sites on its hearing compensation performance, we constructed a human ear finite element model and confirmed its validity. Based on this finite element model, the displacement stimulation, which simulates the piezoelectric transducer’s stimulation, was applied to the umbo, the incus long process, the incus body, the stapes, and the round window membrane, respectively. Then, the stimulating site’s effect of the piezoelectric transducer was analyzed by comparing the corresponding displacements of the basilar membrane. Besides, the stimulating site’s sensitivity to the direction of excitation was also studied. The result of the finite element analysis shows that stimulating the incus body is least efficient for the piezoelectric transducer. Meanwhile, stimulating the round window membrane or the stapes generates a higher basilar membrane displacement than stimulating the eardrum or the incus long process. However, the performance of these two ideal sites’ stimulation is sensitive to the changes in the excitation’s direction. Thus, the round window membrane and the stapes is the ideal stimulating sites for the piezoelectric transducer regarding the driving efficiency. The direction of the excitation should be guaranteed for these ideal sites.

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8

SEONG, Ki-Woong, Eui-Sung JUNG, Hyung-Gyu LIM, Jang-Woo LEE, Min-Woo KIM, Sang-Hyo WOO, Jung-Hyun LEE, Il-Yong PARK, and Jin-Ho CHO. "Erratum: Vibration Analysis of Human Middle Ear with Differential Floating Mass Transducer Using Electrical Model [IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E92.D (2009) , No. 10 pp.2156-2158]." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E93-D, no. 1 (2010): 206_e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.e93.d.206_e1.

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9

Wisotzky, Eric L., Jean-Claude Rosenthal, Ulla Wege, Anna Hilsmann, Peter Eisert, and Florian C. Uecker. "Surgical Guidance for Removal of Cholesteatoma Using a Multispectral 3D-Endoscope." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 5334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185334.

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We develop a stereo-multispectral endoscopic prototype in which a filter-wheel is used for surgical guidance to remove cholesteatoma tissue in the middle ear. Cholesteatoma is a destructive proliferating tissue. The only treatment for this disease is surgery. Removal is a very demanding task, even for experienced surgeons. It is very difficult to distinguish between bone and cholesteatoma. In addition, it can even reoccur if not all tissue particles of the cholesteatoma are removed, which leads to undesirable follow-up operations. Therefore, we propose an image-based method that combines multispectral tissue classification and 3D reconstruction to identify all parts of the removed tissue and determine their metric dimensions intraoperatively. The designed multispectral filter-wheel 3D-endoscope prototype can switch between narrow-band spectral and broad-band white illumination, which is technically evaluated in terms of optical system properties. Further, it is tested and evaluated on three patients. The wavelengths 400 nm and 420 nm are identified as most suitable for the differentiation task. The stereoscopic image acquisition allows accurate 3D surface reconstruction of the enhanced image information. The first results are promising, as the cholesteatoma can be easily highlighted, correctly identified, and visualized as a true-to-scale 3D model showing the patient-specific anatomy.

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10

Ravicz, Michael E., and John J. Rosowski. "Chinchilla middle ear transmission matrix model and middle-ear flexibility." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (May 2017): 3274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4982925.

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11

WADA, HIROSHI, and TOSHIMITSU KOBAYASHI. "Dynamical behaviour of middle ear. Experimental study with artificial middle ear model." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 90, no. 5 (1987): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.90.717.

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12

Mojallal, Hamidreza, Martin Stieve, Ilka Krueger, Peter Behrens, Peter P. Mueller, and Thomas Lenarz. "A biomechanical ear model to evaluate middle-ear reconstruction." International Journal of Audiology 48, no. 12 (January 2009): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992020903085735.

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13

Wright, Charles G., William L. Meyerchoff, and Dennis K. Burns. "Middle ear cholesteatoma: An animal model." American Journal of Otolaryngology 6, no. 5 (September 1985): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(85)80010-7.

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14

Fränzer, Jürgen-Theodor, and Holger Sudhoff. "Middle ear cholesteatoma." e-Neuroforum 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13295-010-0001-2.

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AbstractCholesteatomas can originate at various sites on the temporal bone, which houses the middle ear among other structures. Distinction is made between three types of cholesteatoma: auditory canal, middle ear, and petrous apex. The most frequent type, middle ear cholesteatoma, can be subdivided into a congenital and an acquired form. A number of theories on the aetiology of this aggressive form of middle ear inflammation have been put forward and, in some cases, dismissed again.We investigated the role of bacterial infection as a trigger in the development of cholesteatomas. For this purpose, we used modern molecular, cellular biological and immunohistochemical approaches on human biopsy material, since it has not been possible to date to establish an animal model resembling the human cholesteatoma. We report the different theories on the origin and development of cholesteatomas, as well as the findings to support each of these hypotheses. Many investigations into hyperproliferation, the various morphological sections of cholesteatomas, as well as into the expression of different proteins in these areas complete the presentation of our work. Finally, we emphasize that there is evidence to indicate that a weakness in the innate antimicrobial defense system of the human external ear skin may make a decisive contribution in the development cholesteatomas.

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15

Kringlebotn, M. "Network Model for the Human Middle Ear." Scandinavian Audiology 17, no. 2 (January 1988): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01050398809070695.

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16

Hemilä, Simo, Sirpa Nummela, and Tom Reuter. "A model of the odontocete middle ear." Hearing Research 133, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00055-6.

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17

Nassef, Ahmed M., R. D. Finch, and L. Gray. "Coupled pendulum model for the middle ear." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, S1 (May 1987): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024305.

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18

Meister, H., M. Walger, A. Mickenhagen, H. von Wedel, and E. Stennert. "Standardized measurements of the sound transmission of middle ear implants using a mechanical middle ear model." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 256, no. 3 (March 26, 1999): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050123.

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19

Rusinek, Rafal. "Sound Transmission in the First Nonlinear Model of Middle Ear with an Active Implant." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (January 3, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4580467.

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This paper shows an influence of a transducer of a middle ear implant on ear dynamics on the basis of the multi-degree-of-freedom biomechanical system. Results of numerical simulations of an ear model with implant are compared with those of the healthy middle ear. Two variants of damping are analysed. The first one typical for a normal healthy middle ear structure and the second one describes pathological properties of the human ear. Moreover, the behaviour of the transducer under various external excitations is investigated. For some set of parameters, the middle ear with the implant behaves regularly but sometimes even chaotically in case of strong excitation.

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20

Maier, Hannes, Ismail Kuru, Tim C. Lueth, and Thomas Lenarz. "A Functional 3D Printed Human Middle Ear Model." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, S3 (May 2016): S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116003625.

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21

Bornitz, Matthias, Thomas Zahnert, Hans-Jürgen Hardtke, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink. "Identification of Parameters for the Middle Ear Model." Audiology and Neurotology 4, no. 3-4 (1999): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000013836.

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22

Dixit, Shilpi Gupta, Abhinav Dixit, Pushpa Potaliya, and Surajit Ghatak. "An Innovative 3 Dimensional Model of Middle Ear." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 52, no. 03 (July 2016): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712618.

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Abstract Background: Physical models are particularly useful in demonstrating complex topics in anatomy or those ones that are difficult to access when seen in the textbook or cadaver. One such topic is middle ear. Aim of the present study was to introduce a multicolored cardboard model of middle ear to provide ease in understanding of its anatomical structure. Methods: The participants were 2nd semester medical undergraduate class of students. They were exposed to a cuboidal multicolored model (made from cardboard box) with 6 walls that could be opened to see the details of structures related to them. Student feedback was taken through a structured Questionnaire based on Likert Scale (5 to 1). Results: More than 80% of students felt that this model was a good tool for visualizing complex anatomy of middle ear in small groups and it reduced the time needed for selfstudy. This model provided multifaceted feedback with active participation from students. A low fidelity middle ear model proved to be a practical low cost tool for use in both didactic and small group teaching. Conclusion: Low fidelity models continue to have a place in anatomy and can be integrated in the current curriculum.

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23

Chimona, Theognosia S., John G. Panayiotides, Chariton E. Papadakis, Emmanuel S. Helidonis, and George A. Velegrakis. "Antihistamine effects on experimental middle ear inflammatory model." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 265, no. 8 (January 4, 2008): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-007-0563-y.

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24

Yaguchi, Yuichiro, Daisuke Murakami, Masayuki Yamato, Takanori Hama, Kazuhisa Yamamoto, Hiromi Kojima, Hiroshi Moriyama, and Teruo Okano. "Middle ear mucosal regeneration with three-dimensionally tissue-engineered autologous middle ear cell sheets in rabbit model." Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 10, no. 3 (July 28, 2013): E188—E194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.1790.

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25

Kanick, Stephen Chad, and William J. Doyle. "Barotrauma during air travel: predictions of a mathematical model." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00974.2004.

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Middle ear barotrauma during flight is a painful disorder experienced by passengers who cannot properly regulate their middle ear pressure in response to the changing cabin pressures during ascent and descent. Previous reports emphasized the important role of poor eustachian tube function in disease pathogenesis but paid little attention to other moderating factors. Here we describe a mathematical model of middle ear pressure regulation and simulate the pressure response to the changes in cabin pressure experienced over typical flights. The results document buffering mechanisms that decrease the requisite efficiency of active, muscle-assisted eustachian tube opening for disease-free flight. These include the relative difference between destination and departure elevations and the ratio of maximum tympanic membrane volume displacement to middle ear volume, where greater absolute values require lesser efficiencies for disease-free flight. Also, the specific type of functional deficit is important since ears with a completely obstructed eustachian tube can be less susceptible to barotrauma than those with a eustachian tube that passively opens but fails to dilate in response to muscle activity. These buffering systems can explain why some children and adults with poor eustachian tube function do not experience middle ear barotrauma.

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26

Tian, Jia Bin, Na Ta, Zhu Shi Rao, Li Fu Xu, and Xin Sheng Huang. "Finite Element Modeling of Sound Transmission Based on Micro-Computer Tomography for Human Ear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.593.

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An accurate finite element (FE) model of the human ear can help in understanding the physiological mechanismof human ear and facilitate the design of implantable hearing devices. In this paper,a FE modelof the human ear consisting of the external ear canal, middle ear, and cochlea was developed. The geometry of the external ear canal and middle ear model was based on a fresh specimen of human temporal boneviamicro-computer tomography imaging. A harmonic sound pressure of 90 dB SPL was applied in the ear canal and the multi-field coupled FE analysis was conductedamong the ear canal air, cochlea fluid, and middle ear and cochlea structures. The results were compared with the established physiological data. The satisfactory agreements between the model and published experimental measurementsindicate the middle ear and cochlea functions can be well simulated and further application in terms of human ear can be achieved by the model.

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27

Wang, Xuelin, and Rong Z. Gan. "3D finite element model of the chinchilla ear for characterizing middle ear functions." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 15, no. 5 (January 19, 2016): 1263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0758-5.

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28

PRACY, J. P., A. WHITE, Y. MUSTAFA, D. SMITH, and M. E. PERRY. "The comparative anatomy of the pig middle ear cavity: a model for middle ear inflammation in the human?" Journal of Anatomy 192, no. 3 (April 1998): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19230359.x.

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29

Hof, Janny R., Emile de Kleine, Paul Avan, Lucien J. C. Anteunis, Peter J. Koopmans, and Pim van Dijk. "Compensating for Deviant Middle Ear Pressure in Otoacoustic Emission Measurements, Data, and Comparison to a Middle Ear Model." Otology & Neurotology 33, no. 4 (June 2012): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0b013e3182536d9f.

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30

Kuru, Ismail, Hannes Maier, Mathias Müller, Thomas Lenarz, and Tim C. Lueth. "A 3D-printed functioning anatomical human middle ear model." Hearing Research 340 (October 2016): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2015.12.025.

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31

Lim, Alan A. T., Lorenz F. Lassen, and John H. Greinwald. "The Guinea Pig Model for Hyperbaric Middle Ear Trauma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 2 (August 1995): P149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80844-7.

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32

Bowers, Peter, and John J. Rosowski. "A lumped-element model of the chinchilla middle ear." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 145, no. 4 (April 2019): 1975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5094897.

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33

Pascal, Jérôme, Antoine Bourgeade, Michel Lagier, and Claude Legros. "Linear and nonlinear model of the human middle ear." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (September 1998): 1509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.424363.

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34

Lemons, Charlsie, and Julien Meaud. "Parameter fitting of a lumped parameter middle ear model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4878019.

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35

Puria, Sunil. "A physical model for the middle ear cavity (MEC)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 4B (April 1991): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2029300.

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36

Wells, James R., William H. Gernon, George Warp, R. Kim Davis, and Leonard L. Hays. "Otosurgical Model in the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 95, no. 4 (November 1986): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609500406.

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The guinea pig is a useful model for otologic research. Common problems encountered In working with Individual animals include preexisting chronic middle ear disease, anesthetic deaths, and a lack of knowledge of the surgical anatomy and landmarks of the middle and inner ear. The methods detailed in this article will benefit those interested In a reliable, inexpensive, otosurgical animal model.

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37

Ball, Geoffrey R., Alex Huber, and Richard L. Goode. "Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry of the Middle Ear Ossicles." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 76, no. 4 (April 1997): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556139707600409.

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This paper describes measurements of the vibratory modes of the middle ear ossicles made with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. Previous studies of the middle ear ossicles with single-point laser Doppler measurements have raised questions regarding the vibrational modes of the ossicular chain. Single-point analysis methods do not have the ability to measure multiple points on the ossicles and, consequently, have limited ability to simultaneously record relative phase information at these points. Using a Polytec Model PSV-100, detailed measurements of the ossicular chain have been completed in the human temporal bone model. This model, when driven with a middle ear transducer, provides detailed three-dimensional data of the vibrational patterns of the middle ear ossicles. Implications for middle ear implantable devices are discussed.

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38

Pellegrino, Robert, and Thomas Hummel. "Chemical, Electrical and Tactile Sensitivity Changes After Middle Ear Surgery." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 6 (January 22, 2020): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419901136.

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Objective/Hypothesis: Taste disturbances are often seen in patients after middle ear surgery due to the stress received by an unprotected chorda tympani. It has also been reported that loss in tactile sensitivity may accompany this issue. The current study was designed to measure electrical, chemical, and tactile sensitives of several senses involved in oral processing, smell, taste and touch, over time. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: For three time points, one before middle ear surgery and two after operation (about 5 and 23 days), sensitivity thresholds were obtained using electrogustometry (electrical taste), taste strips (chemical taste), Sniffin’ Sticks (smell) and Von Frey Hairs (point-pressure tactile sensitivity). Results: The results show a decline in both chemical and electrical taste responses. Additionally, the electrical taste response showed more sensitivity to deviations and no sign of recovery unlike the chemical taste response. Mechanosensory function of the anterior tongue and olfactory function was not strongly affected by middle ear surgery. Conclusion: Taste responses, but not mechanosensory or olfaction function, are altered after middle ear surgery. Due to the effects that taste loss has on quality of life, gustometry is recommended for this group of patients. Levels of Evidence: 4

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39

Yamamoto-Fukuda, Tomomi, Haruo Takahashi, and Takehiko Koji. "Animal Models of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/394241.

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Middle ear acquired cholesteatoma is a pathological condition associated with otitis media, which may be associated with temporal bone resorption, otorrhea and hearing loss, and occasionally various other complications. Cholesteatoma is characterized by the enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells with aberrant morphologic characteristics. Unfortunately, our understanding of the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis is limited. To investigate its pathogenesis, different animal models have been used. This paper provides a brief overview of the current status of research in the field of pathogenesis of middle ear acquired cholesteatoma, four types of animal models previously reported on, up-to-date cholesteatoma research using these animal models, our current studies of the local hybrid ear model, and the future prospect of new animal models of middle ear cholesteatoma.

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40

Choi, Ji Eun, Jae-Hun Lee, So-Young Chang, Min Young Lee, and Jae Yun Jung. "Clinical Implications of Poloxamer 407 as Packing Material in an Animal Model." Audiology and Neurotology 24, no. 2 (2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500661.

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Background: Endoscopic ear surgery has recently increased, but it is still inconvenient and time-consuming to place packing material in the middle ear with one hand. Poloxamer 407 (P407) is a thermo-reversible gel that can be easily administered with one hand into the middle ear cavity in liquid form. Upon warming to body temperature, the gel form of P407 can support the graft in the target position and is known to prevent postsurgical tissue adhesion. Objectives: We aim to investigate the feasibility of P407 as packing material in an animal model. Male Hartley guinea pigs (350 and 400 g) were utilized in this study. Method: The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the packing material: the control group, the P407 group, and the gelatin group. To assess the role of packing material on bacterial colonization, left ears were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae through the tympanic membrane using a 0° endoscope. Five days after inoculation, the middle ear cavity was packed through a transbullar approach using 18% P407 or gelatin in both ears. In the control group, no ear pack was inserted. The tympanic membrane was examined every week using a 0° 1.9-mm endoscope until 6 weeks. Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed 6 weeks after placement of the packing materials. Results: Compared with the absorbable gelatin sponge, the P407 group showed little inflammation or fibrosis in the tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa regardless of bacterial inoculation. The gelatin group showed severe otorrhea or perforation until 2 weeks in the right ear (2 of 4) and the left ear (1 of 4). Even though the endoscopic findings were similar between both packing groups at 6 weeks, histological analysis showed persistent packing material, inflammatory cells, and fibrosis in the gelatin group compared to the P407 group. Conclusions: This study suggested that P407 is feasible as a packing material to handle with one hand and to prevent adhesion, especially in infected middle ear mucosa. Although there is a lack of data on how well P407 supports grafts, we suggest that P407 could be a candidate for packing material in endoscopic ear surgery.

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41

Sato, Katsuro, Carol L. Liebeler, Moses K. Quartey, Chap T. Le, and G. Scott Giebink. "Middle Ear Fluid Cytokine and Inflammatory Cell Kinetics in the Chinchilla Otitis Media Model." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.4.1943-1946.1999.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microbe causing middle ear infection. The pathophysiology of pneumococcal otitis media has been characterized by measurement of local inflammatory mediators such as inflammatory cells, lysozyme, oxidative metabolic products, and inflammatory cytokines. The role of cytokines in bacterial infection has been elucidated with animal models, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are recognized as being important local mediators in acute inflammation. We characterized middle ear inflammatory responses in the chinchilla otitis media model after injecting a very small number of viable pneumococci into the middle ear, similar to the natural course of infection. Middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured by using anti-human cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagents. IL-1β showed the earliest peak, at 6 h after inoculation, whereas IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations were increasing 72 h after pneumococcal inoculation. IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α but not IL-1β concentrations correlated significantly with total inflammatory cell numbers in MEF, and all four cytokines correlated significantly with MEF neutrophil concentration. Several intercytokine correlations were significant. Cytokines, therefore, participate in the early middle ear inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae.

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42

Mills, Robert, and Patrick Lee. "Surgical skills training in middle-ear surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 3 (March 2003): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503321192412.

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Until recently the practice of otological procedures on cadaver temporal bones was a common occurrence in otolaryngology departments. The difficulty in acquiring specimens has led to alternative techniques which involve artificial and computer-aided models. This article looks at the present situation in these rapidly developing areas and describes an artificial model developed by the senior author for training in middle-ear procedures.

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GENTIL, FERNANDA, MARCO MARQUES, MARCO PARENTE, PEDRO MARTINS, CARLA SANTOS, and RENATO NATAL JORGE. "TOTAL OSSICULAR REPLACEMENT PROSTHESIS OF THE MIDDLE EAR: A BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 15, no. 02 (April 2015): 1540006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519415400060.

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The main goal of the present study is to analyze and characterize the behavior of the middle ear, when a total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) is used in the ossicular chain, in order to troubleshoot conductive hearing loss. Using a finite element model (FEM), a dynamic study of the middle ear was made. The displacement values were obtained at the umbo and stapes footplate, for a sound pressure level of 80 dB sound pressure level (SPL) applied at the tympanic membrane, when a cartilage in membrane-prosthesis interface of different diameters and thicknesses was used. The results were compared with the healthy middle ear model. The usage of this model aims to achieve a set of techniques that promotes the best possible performance of prosthesis in the middle ear. The present study allows to conclude that the rehabilitation of the middle ear with TORP can lead to the best results when used with 4 mm diameter cartilages, with a thin thickness of 0.3 mm.

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44

Qi, Li, W. Robert J. Funnell, and Sam J. Daniel. "A nonlinear finite-element model of the newborn middle ear." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124, no. 1 (July 2008): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2920956.

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HODGES, A., T. BALKANY, R. RUTH, P. LAMBERT, S. DOLANASH, and J. SCHLOFFMAN. "Electrical middle ear muscle reflex: Use in cochlear implant programming." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 3 (September 1997): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70183-9.

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46

Péus, Dominik, Ivo Dobrev, Lukas Prochazka, Konrad Thoele, Adrian Dalbert, Andreas Boss, Nicolas Newcomb, et al. "Sheep as a large animal ear model: Middle-ear ossicular velocities and intracochlear sound pressure." Hearing Research 351 (August 2017): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2017.06.002.

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47

Berkowitz, R. G., B. K.-H. Franz, R. K. Shepherd, G. M. Clark, and D. M. Bloom. "Pneumococcal Middle Ear Infection and Cochlear Implantation." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 1_suppl (January 1987): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894870960s125.

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A limited study for the experimental induction of pneumococcal otitis media is presented. It is a useful model to study the effects of otitis media in the implanted and nonimplanted cochlea of the cat. Pneumococcal otitis media caused minor pathological changes in two nonimplanted cochleas and more widespread changes together with significant loss of neural elements in two implanted cochleas. However, the small number of animals used in this study did not allow us to distinguish between the effects of electrode insertion trauma, infection, or the combination of both.

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Rusinek, Rafal, and Andrzej Weremczuk. "Recent advances in periodic vibrations of the middle ear with a floating mass transducer." Meccanica 55, no. 12 (August 18, 2020): 2609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11012-020-01226-x.

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AbstractThe paper investigates periodic solutions of a nonlinear model of the middle ear with a floating mass transducer. A multi degree of freedom model is used to obtain a solution near the first resonance. The model is solved analytically by means of the multiple time scales method. Next, the stability of obtained periodic solutions is analysed in order to identify the parameters of the floating mass transducer that affect the middle ear dynamics. Moreover, some parameters of the middle ear structure are investigated with respect to their impact on obtained periodic solutions.

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49

Yao, Wen Juan, and Bo Te Luo. "Study on Mechanics Behavior of Human Ear Sound Transmission Based on Nonlinear Constitutive Relation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 432 (September 2013): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.432.381.

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Based on the normal CT scan image of human right ear, numerical model has been established combined with self-compiling program. The nonlinear constitutive relation of real middle ear material has been included, and sound - solid and liquid - solid coupling method have been adopted to simulate the sound transmission process from external auditory canal to tympanic membrane, auditory ossicle chain, and eventually to the inner ear. Frequency response and sound transmission behavior has been obtained, and numerical calculation results have been verified by comparing the calculation results with the experimental data. The amplitude, vibration velocity, and stress distribution of middle ear have been analyzed by the model, and the most easy damage part of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chains owing to stress concentration have been obtained in sound transmission of middle ear, which exposes the inner relationship between mechanical behavior of middle ear and pathological changes.

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Lobato, Lucas C., Stephan Paul, Júlio A. Cordioli, and Thiago G. Ritto. "Stochastic model of the human middle ear using a nonparametric probabilistic approach." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 3 (March 2022): 2055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0009763.

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Several mathematical models of the human middle ear dynamics have been studied since the mid-twentieth century. Despite different methods applied, all of these models are based on deterministic approaches. Experimental data have shown that the middle ear behaves as an uncertain system due to the variability among individuals. In this context, stochastic models are useful because they can represent a population of middle ears with its intrinsic uncertainties. In this work, a nonparametric probabilistic approach is used to model the human middle ear dynamics. The lumped-element method is adopted to develop deterministic baseline models, and three different optimization processes are proposed and applied to the adjustment of the stochastic models. Results show that the stochastic models proposed can reproduce the experimental data in terms of mean and coefficient of variation. In addition, this study shows the importance of properly defining the acceptable range of each input parameter in order to obtain a reliable stochastic model.

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