Дисертації: "Middle ear electrical model"

1

Гарасюк, Анастасія Олегівна. "Моделювання і знаходження парціальних частот зовнішнього та середнього вуха людини". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/33867.

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Наша здатність чути залежить насамперед від звукових хвиль, які рухаються через зовнішнє та середнє вухо до внутрішнього вуха. Отже, характеристики зовнішнього та середнього вуха забезпечують передачу звуку до внутрішнього вуха. Тому вкрай важливо розуміти механізм роботи слухової системи людини. Дослідження людського слуху, як правило, засновані на експериментах в природних умовах або в пробірці на тимчасових кісткових зразках. Їхньою ціллю, по-перше, є отримання уявлення про функціональність всієї системи або середнього вуха та, по-друге, оцінка впливу захворювань і хірургічної реконструкції на здатності слуху. У роботі проведено аналіз існуючих методів моделювання середнього вуха людини та запропоновано розширену модель зовнішнього та середнього вуха людини з використанням методу електромеханічних аналогій.
Our ability to hear depends primarily on sound waves traveling through the outer and middle ear toward the inner ear. Hence, the characteristics of the outer and middle ear aect sound transmission to/from the inner ear. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the mechanism of the human auditory system. Studies of human hearing are usually based on experiments in vivo or in vitro on temporary bone samples. Their purpose, firstly, is to get an idea of the functionality of the entire system or middle ear and, secondly, to assess the impact of disease and surgical reconstruction on hearing. The main possible approaches for theoretical obtaining of the external and middle ear frequency response based on the results of the average frequency response of a healthy person are analyzed, namely: a mechanical model with concentrated parameters, a finite element method and an electromechanical analogy method. As a result, an equivalent electrical circuit is proposed that takes into account both the outer ear and the middle ear, and allows you to reproduce more of the characteristic resonances of the frequency response of the average healthy person.

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2

Bornitz, Matthias, Thomas Zahnert, Hans-Jürgen Hardtke, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink. "Identification of Parameters for the Middle Ear Model." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135790.

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This paper presents a method of parameter identification for a finite-element model of the human middle ear. The parameter values are estimated using a characterization of the difference in natural frequencies and mode shapes of the tympanic membrane between the model and the specimens. Experimental results were obtained from temporal bone specimens under sound excitation (300–3,000 Hz). The first 3 modes of the tympanic membrane could be observed with a laser scanning vibrometer and were used to estimate the stiffness parameters for the orthotropic finite-element model of the eardrum. A further point of discussion is the parameter sensitivity and its implication for the identification process
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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3

Bornitz, Matthias, Thomas Zahnert, Hans-Jürgen Hardtke, and Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink. "Identification of Parameters for the Middle Ear Model." Karger, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27677.

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This paper presents a method of parameter identification for a finite-element model of the human middle ear. The parameter values are estimated using a characterization of the difference in natural frequencies and mode shapes of the tympanic membrane between the model and the specimens. Experimental results were obtained from temporal bone specimens under sound excitation (300–3,000 Hz). The first 3 modes of the tympanic membrane could be observed with a laser scanning vibrometer and were used to estimate the stiffness parameters for the orthotropic finite-element model of the eardrum. A further point of discussion is the parameter sensitivity and its implication for the identification process.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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4

O'Connor, Kevin N. (Kevin Neill) 1977. "Analysis of exotic cat vocalizations and middle-ear properties." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86822.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-232).
by Kevin N. O'Connor.
M.Eng.

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5

Teoh, Su Wooi. "The roles of pars flaccida in middle ear acoustic transmission." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39751.

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6

Daniel, Sam J. "Finite-element model of the human eardrum and middle ear." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29429.

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Computer-generated models are increasingly being used in otolaryngology for teaching purposes, pre-operative planning and clinical simulations, especially when dealing with small complex areas such as the middle ear.
One technique used to analyse the mechanics of complex models is the finite-element method whereby the system of interest is divided into a large number of small simple elements. The mechanical properties and applied forces are represented by functions defined over each element, and the mechanical response of the whole system can then be computed.
A unique three-dimensional finite-element model of the human eardrum and middle ear was devised. This model takes advantage of phase-shift moire shape measurements to precisely define the shape of the eardrum. The middle-ear geometry is derived from histological serial sections and from high-resolution magnetic-resonance microscopy of the human ear.
The model allows an improved understanding of the mechanics of the human middle ear, can simulate various pathological conditions, and assist in the design of ossicular prostheses.

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7

Chhan, David. "Role of middle-ear inertial component of bone conduction in chinchilla." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82381.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55).
Bone conduction describes the mechanisms that produce a hearing sensation when the skull bones are subjected to vibration. Multiple components and pathways have been suggested to contribute to total bone-conducted sound. They include outer-ear cartilaginous wall compression, middle-ear inertia, fluid inertia, cochlear capsule compression and soft-tissue conduction. Due to the complexity of the possible interactions within these components and pathways, the true stimulus to the inner ear is not fully understood nor has it been adequately quantified. In this thesis work, we examined the relationship between inner-ear sound pressures and its sensory response in addition to determining the relative significance between the outer, middle and inner ear mechanisms that are prominent in bone conduction hearing in chinchilla. Using both mechanical and physiological recording techniques, we measured cochlear responses in chinchilla before and after interruption of the middle-ear ossicular system in both air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) stimulation. Our data suggest that differential intracochlear sound pressure is the driving source to the sensory response of the inner ear in AC and BC. Compared to those in AC, inner-ear sound pressure measurements in BC provide evidence of multiple mechanisms in BC process. After middle ear interruption, pressures in scala vestibuli Psv and scala tympani PST drop by as much as 40 dB in AC, but only decrease in Psv by 10 dB, with almost no change in PST in BC. The difference in the change of both Psv and PST in BC compared to AC suggest the main mechanisms that drive the inner ear response in BC are not derived from the outer ear or middle ear but the inner ear.
by David Chhan.
S.M.

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8

Slama, Michaël C. C. (Michaël Charles Chalom). "Middle ear pressure gain and cochlear input impedance in the chinchilla." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44909.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).
Measurements of middle ear conducted sound pressure in the cochlear vestibule PV have been performed in only a few individuals from a few mammalian species. Simultaneous measurements of sound-induced stapes velocity VS are even more rare. We report simultaneous measurements of VS and PV in chinchillas. The VS measurements were performed using single-beam laser-Doppler vibrometry; PV was measured with fiber optic pressure sensors like those described by Olson [JASA 1998; 103: 3445-63]. Accurate in-vivo measurements of PV are limited by anatomical access to the vestibule, the relative sizes of the sensor and vestibule, and damage to the cochlea when inserting the measurement device. The small size (170 [mu]m diameter) of the fiber-optic pressure sensors helps overcome these three constraints. PV and VS were measured in six animals, and the middle ear pressure gain (ratio of PV to the sound pressure in the ear canal) and the cochlear input impedance (ratio of PV to the product of VS and area of the footplate) computed. Our measurements of middle ear pressure gain are similar to published data in the chinchilla at stimulus frequencies of 500 Hz to 3 kHz, but are different at other frequencies. Our measurements of cochlear input impedance differ somewhat from previous estimates in the chinchilla and show a resistive input impedance up to at least 10 kHz. To our knowledge, these are the first direct measurements of this impedance in the chinchilla. The acoustic power entering the cochlea was computed based on our measurements of input impedance. This quantity was a good predictor for the audiogram at frequencies below 1 kHz.
by Michaël C.C. Slama.
S.M.

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9

Van, Wijhe Rene G. "A finite element model of the middle ear of the moustached bat /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31074.

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Recently smooth-muscle tissue has been observed in the annular ligament of the moustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii. In order to lead to improved understanding of the function of this highly developed smooth-muscle system surrounding the tympanic membrane, a finite-element model was developed.
The complex geometry of the middle ear was defined using both magnetic-resonance microscopy and histological data. Contributions were made to the locally written software which was used for image segmentation and finite-element mesh generation.
The action of the smooth-muscle fibres is modelled by applying a radial load to the model of the tympanic membrane. The radial load is represented by placing load vectors tangential to the model of the tympanic membrane.
Simulations were carried out in order to investigate convergence, sensitivity to tympanic-membrane shape, and to evaluate the effects of pressure and radial loads.

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10

Huang, Gregory T. (Gregory Tsan-Kao). "Measurement of middle-ear acoustic function in intact ears : application to size variations in the cat family." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79972.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-196).
by Gregory T. Huang.
Ph.D.

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11

Ghosh, Sudeshna S. "On the effects of incudostapedial joint flexibility in a finite-element model of the cat middle ear." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27485.

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A finite-element model of the cat middle ear was modified to include a shell representation of the incudostapedial joint. A low-frequency, uniform sound pressure was applied to the eardrum. Joint stiffness was varied from very low to very high. The resulting displacements of the stapedial footplate, incudostapedial joint, manubrium and eardrum were examined. The footplate tilts both anteroposteriorly and inferosuperiorly for almost all Young's modulus values. The in-plane rotation of the footplate is greatest when the incudostapedial joint is effectively rigid. The joint compresses most when it is extremely flexible and less as the joint becomes less flexible. The joint compression is greater than the joint shear. The displacement pattern of the eardrum is relatively insensitive to changes in the joint stiffness.

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12

Ghosh, Sudeshna S. "On the effects of incudostapedial joint flexibility in a finite-element model of the cat middle ear." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29860.pdf.

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13

Kuru, Ismail [Verfasser], Tim C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lüth, Hannes [Gutachter] Maier, Tim C. [Gutachter] Lüth, and Werner [Gutachter] Hemmert. "A New Postoperative Adjustable Middle Ear Prosthesis: Design and Validation Aided by a New 3D Printed Functional Middle Ear Model / Ismail Kuru ; Gutachter: Hannes Maier, Tim C. Lüth, Werner Hemmert ; Betreuer: Tim C. Lüth." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194162789/34.

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14

Runge, Annette. "Die Genauigkeit der menschlichen Hand im Vergleich mit einem Mikromanipulator- präklinische Evaluation für die Ohrchirurgie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-90122.

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Manual accuracy in microsurgery is reduced by tremor and limited access. A surgical approach through the middle ear also puts delicate structures at risk, while the surgeon is often working at an unergonomic position. At this point a micromanipulator could have a positive influence. A system was developed to measure “working accuracy”, time and precision during manipulation in the middle ear. 10 ENT- surgeons simulated a perforation of the stapedial footplate on a modified 3D print of a human skull in a mock OR. Each trial was repeated more than 200 times aiming manually and using a micro-manipulator. Data of over 4000 measurements was tested and graphically processed. Work strain was evaluated with a questionnaire. Accuracy for manual and micromanipulator perforation revealed a small difference. Learning curves showed a stronger decrease both in deviation and time when the micromanipulator was used. Also a lower work strain was apparent. The micromanipulator has the potential as an aiding device in ear surgery
Die manuelle Genauigkeit in der Mikrochirurgie wird duch Tremor und limitierten Zugang eingeschränkt. Ein chirurgischer Eingriff am Mittelohr birgt außerdem ein Verletzungspotential für empfindliche anatomische Strukturen. Überdies ist die Sitzposition des Operateurs oft unergonomisch. Ein neuartiger Mikromanipulator kann auf diese Faktoren einen positiven Einfluss haben. Eine spezielle Software wurde entwickelt und Genauigkeit, Zeit und Präzision bei einem Eingriff am Mittelohr zu bestimmen. 10 Kopf- Hals- Chirurgen simulierten die Perforation der Steigbügelfußplatte an einem 3D Modell eines menschlichen Schädels in einem Demonstrations- OP. Jeder Versuch wurde mehr als 200 mal zunächst manuell und später mit Hilfe des Mikromanipulators wiederholt. Die Daten von mehr als 4000 Messversuchen wurden getestet und grafisch dargestellt. Die Arbeitsbelastung wure mittels eines Fragebogens evaluiert. Manuelle und mikromanipulatorgestütze Genauigkeit zeigten einen signifikanten, jedoch ,absolut betrachtet,sehr geringen Unterschied der Genauigkeit. Die Lernkurven zeigten einen steileren Verlauf sowohl im Hinblick auf Genauigkeit als auch Versuchszeit, wenn der Mikromanipulator zur Anwendung kam. Weiterhin war eine geringere Arbeitsbelastung zu erkennen. Der Mikromanipulator birgt Potential als kompaktes Hilfsmittel für die Ohrchirurgie

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15

Madahana, Milka C. I. "A Port Hamiltonian model of the human outer, middle and inner ear, and its application." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29048.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in ful lment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, Johannesburg, September 2019
The objective of this research was to develop an integrated Port Hamiltonian model of the human outer, middle and inner ear. The developed Port Hamiltonian model of the human ear is based on the Dirac structure. The outer, middle and inner ear are developed in segments, tested and validated prior to the system being coupled. The outer, middle and inner ear are validated against existing literature and the results are found to be comparable. The application of the developed Port Hamiltonian model is illustrated using a developed feedback based noise policy management model for mine workers. This feedback based measurement system can be used to monitor mine workers in the mines hence provide the mine administrators with the current state of hearing of the individual worker. The information obtained from the system may be used by the administration to provide an early intervention and as a result the mine workers are protected from experiencing signi cant hearing threshold shifts. A control engineering approach is then used to formulate the mining noise occupational policies as a control law. Both social and measurements aspects of this system are explored. The International Standard Organization guide ISO:1999 is used to generate data and develop a basic feedback model. The basic feedback model is further re ned into a dynamic model which includes a Port Hamiltonian integrated ear model and the mining policies. The feedback based noise policy management model is validated using real data from the mine documented in open source literature. The models are implemented using MATLAB as a modelling platform and the results are generated using the Simulink model. This research work has been given an ethical clearance certi cate by the Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical), therefore, allowing for the ndings of the investigations to be published. In conclusion,to be developed is an integrated Port Hamiltonian model of the Human outer, middle and inner ear to be used for estimation of Noise induced hearing loss. The use of this model is then illustrated using a feedback based noise policy monitoring system for mine workers.
PH2020

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16

Thejane, Tshegofatso. "A comprehensive electrical model of the human auditory periphery for otoacoustic emissions study." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8395.

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M.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering)
This dissertation presents a comprehensive electrical model of the human auditory periphery. The model focuses on the generation and transmission of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) under biometric conditions. The auditory system model was divided and studied in three sections, namely the outer, middle and inner ear sections. Existing models were used and improved for the study. The outer ear model was derived using electroacoustic analogies. The middle ear model was derived empirically. The inner ear model was derived by relating the mechanical properties of the inner ear to electrical principles. The outer ear model includes an analog diffraction circuit and a linear transmission line representation of the auditory canal and the concha. The variation of the radius of the auditory canal along its length was incorporated when computing the model of the outer ear. A pair of second order polynomials were used to create a new radius-length function which approximates the relationship between the radius of the auditory canal and its length. The frequency response of the outer ear model obtained using the radius-length function gave a wide frequency range representation of the outer ear characteristics. The middle ear is modelled using an analog network. Only the linear operation region of the middle ear was considered, thus excluding its reflex nonlinear mechanisms, namely; the stapedius muscle action and the stapes clipping displacement. The influence of the middle ear on the transmission of OAEs was evaluated by considering both the forward and reverse transmission characteristics/path of the middle ear. The middle ear response demonstrated great sensitivity to changes in the terminal loads connected to the middle ear as well as the transformer ratio. The inner ear behavior is represented by means of a nonlinear transmission line model. The nonlinear mechanism of the outer hair cells, which are taken as the primary sources of OAEs, are modelled using nonlinear voltage sources. The inner ear model was evaluated for conditions of both the active and inactive outer hair cells voltage sources. Due to limitations in the simulation software, a reduced active inner ear model was computed.The influence of the number of segments of the inner ear was explored. A reduced inner ear model having 40 segments was found to be sufficient in representing the frequency characteristics of the inner ear, whilst preserving the frequency-latency relationship of OAEs. The study not only improved the model of the auditory periphery, but also suggested several factors that can be incorporated in future research in order to better design signal acquisition and processing methods for OAE biometric applications.

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17

Yu, Lu-Ming, and 余律明. "Establishing a biophysical auditory model from middle ear to brainstem and simulating the unmasking response of cochlea by delayed, frequency specific tuberculoventral inhibition." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89349487944583984067.

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碩士
國立清華大學
電機工程學系
100
This thesis describes efforts to establish a biophysical model which corresponds to the real physiological structure of the auditory system. By using this model, a lot of phenomena in true human hearing can be simulated. Based on the models of the middle ear to the cochlea and outer hair cells (Liu and Neely, 2009, 2010), we integrate several auditory models (Meddis, 1986; Sumner et al., 2002; Hewitt et al., 1992) and a new model－a tuberculoventral(TUB) cell model with delayed, frequency-specific inhibition－to construct the auditory pathway from middle ear to the brainstem. In the cochlear nucleus, TUB cells and T-multipolar cells are distributed tonotopically. In other words, every TUB cell and T-multipolar cell in different place has its own best resonance frequency. The T-multipolar cell can be inhibited by TUB cell which has the same best resonance frequency. If the acoustic stimulation is a pure tone of low frequency, the corresponding auditory nerve fibers will fire regularly and generate a special effect called phase locking. Because TUB cells and T-multipolar cells receive input from the same group of auditory nerve fibers, the delayed, frequency-specific inhibition of TUB cells can suppress the stable triggering in the phase locking cycle of T-multipolar cells. Since the input of medial olivocochlear(MOC) interneurons are from T-multipolars, this inhibition can lower the firing rate of MOC interneurons and cause the masking effect in the cochlea to reduce indirectly. If the acoustic stimulation is irregular background noise, there is no phase locking effect, so the TUB cells can not inhibit the T-multipolars effectively. Therefore the masking effect in the cochlea from MOC interneurons will be unaffected. The discrepancy of the inhibition from TUB cells can cause different masking intensity between background noise and pure tone, so the unmasking effect in the cochlea from MOC interneurons can be simulated.

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18

Wang, Yun-Ting, and 王韻婷. "Effects of Forelimb Electrical Stimulation on Motor Function and Brain Recovery in Acute Stroke – Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ygfg3.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
104
Background: Electrical stimulation (ES) is known to promote the recovery of motor function in rats with brain ischemia and to increase the expression of growth factors, which support neurogenesis in the brain. However, it is not known whether ES is beneficial or detrimental during acute brain ischemia. In this study, the ES effects on motor function and brain infarct volume after acute brain ischemia in rats were investigated. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) first and were then randomly assigned to the ES group (n=9) and control group (n=9). The ES was administered to the forepaw under isoflurane anesthesia for 30 min per day for 7 days with the intensity of 3-5 mA and frequency of 100 Hz beginning 24 hours post MCAO procedure. The control group received the sham ES. The motor function was measured by ladder-climbing, parallel-bar-crossing, and foot-fault-placing test before and after completing the ES (or sham ES). Brain recovery was determined by infarct volume using 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain. Independent t test was used to analyze the difference between ES and control group. Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: ES group demonstrated more improvement in ladder-climbing and foot-fault-placing test than the control group. The improvement in brain recovery as indicated by decrease of infarct volume was also significantly more than the control group. Discussion: According to our results, ES can induce motor recovery together with the decrease in infarct volume in acute brain ischemic rats. In this study, we further noted that the infarct volume correlated significantly with the motor function especially the forelimb. Therefore, ES applied to forepaw may enhance the neuroprotection and thus decrease further neuronal death to result in motor function recovery. Conclusion: The ES can reduce infarct volume and enhance motor functions in acute brain ischemic rats.

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19

Runge, Annette. "Die Genauigkeit der menschlichen Hand im Vergleich mit einem Mikromanipulator- präklinische Evaluation für die Ohrchirurgie." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11459.

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Анотація:

Manual accuracy in microsurgery is reduced by tremor and limited access. A surgical approach through the middle ear also puts delicate structures at risk, while the surgeon is often working at an unergonomic position. At this point a micromanipulator could have a positive influence. A system was developed to measure “working accuracy”, time and precision during manipulation in the middle ear. 10 ENT- surgeons simulated a perforation of the stapedial footplate on a modified 3D print of a human skull in a mock OR. Each trial was repeated more than 200 times aiming manually and using a micro-manipulator. Data of over 4000 measurements was tested and graphically processed. Work strain was evaluated with a questionnaire. Accuracy for manual and micromanipulator perforation revealed a small difference. Learning curves showed a stronger decrease both in deviation and time when the micromanipulator was used. Also a lower work strain was apparent. The micromanipulator has the potential as an aiding device in ear surgery.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 2 Bibliografische Beschreibung 3 Referat 3 1 Einführung 4 1.1. Mittelohrchirurgie= Mikrochirurgie 4 1.1.1. Stapedotomie- Operationsprinzip 4 1.1.2. Mögliche Komplikationen einer Stapedotomie durch manuelle Manipulation 4 1.2. Chirurgische Genauigkeit 5 1.3. Störfaktoren der Genauigkeit bei einem mittelohrchirurgischen Eingriff 6 1.3.1. Physiologische Limitationen der menschlichen Hand 6 1.3.2. Ergonomie des mittelohrchirurgischen Eingriffs 7 1.3.3. Besondere Bedingungen des mikrochirurgischen Eingriffs 8 1.4. Chirurgische Assistenzsysteme 8 1.5. Ziel der Arbeit 13 2 Publikationsmanuskript 15 3 Zusammenfassung 24 4 Literaturverzeichnis 30 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 36 Curriculum Vitae 37 Danksagung 39
Die manuelle Genauigkeit in der Mikrochirurgie wird duch Tremor und limitierten Zugang eingeschränkt. Ein chirurgischer Eingriff am Mittelohr birgt außerdem ein Verletzungspotential für empfindliche anatomische Strukturen. Überdies ist die Sitzposition des Operateurs oft unergonomisch. Ein neuartiger Mikromanipulator kann auf diese Faktoren einen positiven Einfluss haben. Eine spezielle Software wurde entwickelt und Genauigkeit, Zeit und Präzision bei einem Eingriff am Mittelohr zu bestimmen. 10 Kopf- Hals- Chirurgen simulierten die Perforation der Steigbügelfußplatte an einem 3D Modell eines menschlichen Schädels in einem Demonstrations- OP. Jeder Versuch wurde mehr als 200 mal zunächst manuell und später mit Hilfe des Mikromanipulators wiederholt. Die Daten von mehr als 4000 Messversuchen wurden getestet und grafisch dargestellt. Die Arbeitsbelastung wure mittels eines Fragebogens evaluiert. Manuelle und mikromanipulatorgestütze Genauigkeit zeigten einen signifikanten, jedoch ,absolut betrachtet,sehr geringen Unterschied der Genauigkeit. Die Lernkurven zeigten einen steileren Verlauf sowohl im Hinblick auf Genauigkeit als auch Versuchszeit, wenn der Mikromanipulator zur Anwendung kam. Weiterhin war eine geringere Arbeitsbelastung zu erkennen. Der Mikromanipulator birgt Potential als kompaktes Hilfsmittel für die Ohrchirurgie.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 2 Bibliografische Beschreibung 3 Referat 3 1 Einführung 4 1.1. Mittelohrchirurgie= Mikrochirurgie 4 1.1.1. Stapedotomie- Operationsprinzip 4 1.1.2. Mögliche Komplikationen einer Stapedotomie durch manuelle Manipulation 4 1.2. Chirurgische Genauigkeit 5 1.3. Störfaktoren der Genauigkeit bei einem mittelohrchirurgischen Eingriff 6 1.3.1. Physiologische Limitationen der menschlichen Hand 6 1.3.2. Ergonomie des mittelohrchirurgischen Eingriffs 7 1.3.3. Besondere Bedingungen des mikrochirurgischen Eingriffs 8 1.4. Chirurgische Assistenzsysteme 8 1.5. Ziel der Arbeit 13 2 Publikationsmanuskript 15 3 Zusammenfassung 24 4 Literaturverzeichnis 30 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 36 Curriculum Vitae 37 Danksagung 39

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Дисертації з теми "Middle ear electrical model"

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