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Статті в журналах з теми "MicroTik"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Suhadin, Suhadin. "Evaluation Of Network Access Restrictions Using Mac Address Filtering On Microtik To Improve Network Security." Journal Of World Science 1, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jws.v1i3.12.

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Freedom in the use of the internet network needs to be implemented in a security system in order to keep the hotspot / wifi facilities used by responsible users. Ibnu khaldun Vocational School 1 is a state school that has many study programs, one of which is Computer and Network Engineering. The problem that occurs in the Vocational High School Ibnu Khaldun is the absence of restrictions on internet network access in the use of internet networks at schools so that students, teachers, and school staff are free to use hotspot / wifi facilities, in terms of WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) network security. The purpose of this study is to evaluate internet network security using Mac Address Filtering which is implemented at SMK Ibnu Khaldun by registering Mac Address clients on the Access List menu to obtain access permissions in an effort to improve network security. The research approach used in this research is the quantitative approach. The result of this research is that after the Wilcoxcon test, the value of Asymp.Sig is obtained. (2-tailed) of 0.000 which indicates that the value of Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. So the results of the evaluation of internet network access restrictions using MAC Address Filtering to improve network security are accepted

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2

Pariddudin, Adiat, and Hongky Suteja. "Penerapan Metode FIFO Untuk Traffic Control Jaringan Aplikasi Client UNBK." Teknois : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi dan Sains 9, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36350/jbs.v9i1.6.

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Penerapan First in first out dapat digunakan sebagai solusi untuk mendukung traffic control jaringan pada jaringan aplikasi client Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer di sekolah menengah. Algoritma First in first out adalah algoritma yang berfungsi sebagai metode pengolahan dan retrieving data. Artinya, data yang pertama masuk adalah data yang pertama keluar, dengan kata lain data yang pertama keluar menurut urutan masuknya. Pengolahan ini tentunya akan berjalan dengan sebuah perangkat untuk mekanisme arus datanya. Salah satunya adalah perangkat Microtik yang saat ini populer. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah traffic control jaringan informasi pada aplikasi client Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer (UNBK) yang menerapkan algoritma First In First Out menggunakan perangkat Mikrotik yang memanfaatkan menu yang ada, yaitu menu New Queue pada seting mikrotik, dengan pilihan Pfifo untuk memperlancar peserta ujian nasional berbasis komputer dalam mengirim hasil pekerjaan ujian mereka menuju server lokal di sekolah. Sehingga dengan penerapan algoritma First In First Out menggunakan perangkat Mikrotik maka dapat meminimalisir kepadatan (packet loss) yang sangat signifikan pada saat proses tranfer hasil ujian dari client menuju server lokal UNBK, yaitu rata-rata berkurang 8,5 % saat akses soal dan 16,5% saat transfer hasil ujian.

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3

Rasna, Rasna, and Ahmad Ashari. "Application of Load Balancing with the Nth Method on Multiple Gateway Internet Networks." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.39074.

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The Performance of a Network Is Necessary by the Office of the Special Jayapura Regent in matters related to networking. One of the technological problems to increase connections in the network is to use three ISPs and become microtik as a balanced load. Each ISP uses load sharing that can be divided evenly in each section. Wireless networks that are connected to distributed systems make load balancing techniques that can be received from a system. Load balancing can be applied to HTTP servers, proxies, databases, and gateways. This research implements a proxy with load balancing method on an internet network that has three gateway lines through a router. Expected to be expected to be expected to be expected to load three ISP. The results of the research on the application of load balancing with the method on several internet gateways in the Jayapura District Regent Office is an inconsistency in bandwidth for each client before the implementation of the Nth method and using the Nth method with ten active clients can used when bandwidth on some clients is not much different and more evenly distributed than without load load balancing Nth.

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4

Imai, Yoshinor, Kiyoshi Matsuo, and Naomi Imai. "Resonance Imaging of the Eustachian Tube Cartilage in Microtia." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 1 (January 1998): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0026_riotet_2.3.co_2.

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether external and internal defects in microtia are related. Method Magnetic resonance images of the eustachian tube cartilage were evaluated for 20 patients who had unilateral microtia. Nineteen patients were classified as Grade 2, and one was classified as Grade 3. The Grade 3 patient also had unilateral facial palsy. Results On T1-, T2-, and proton-density-weighted images, the eustachian tube cartilage was clearly identified as a pair of straight lines with low signal intensity. There was no evidence of hypoplasia of the eustachian tube cartilage on the microtic side in any Grade 2 patient, but hypoplasia was evident on the microtic side of the patient classified as Grade 3. Conclusion These findings are consistent with the view that impairment of embryonic development before 6 weeks results in injury to the immature pri-mordium and malformation of both the external and middle ear. In contrast, injuries that occur at a later fetal age (i.e., after 3 months) do not appear to cause middle ear malformations.

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5

Firmin, Françoise. "Ear reconstruction in cases of typical microtia. Personal experience based on 352 microtic ear corrections." Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02844319850158930.

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6

Putri, Indri Lakhsmi, Alexandria Stephanie, Rachmaniar Pramanasari, Moshe Kon, and Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu. "The role of genetic factors in microtia: A systematic review." F1000Research 11 (May 18, 2022): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.111995.1.

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Background: Microtia is a congenital malformation of the outer ears caused by improper embryonic development. The origin of microtia and causes of its variations remain unknown. Because of the lack of clarity regarding the role of genetic variables in microtia, we conducted a systematic review to qualitatively identify the genes most important in the development of microtia to provide an up-to-date review. Methods: Using six search engines, we searched all published studies related to the genetic factors of isolated microtia and syndromic microtia. The identified publications were screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by the authors and assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. We found 40 studies, including 22 studies on syndromic microtia and 18 studies on isolated microtia. Data extraction of each study was arranged in tabulation for syndromic and isolated microtia. The extracted data were: first author’s surname, year of publication, country of origin, study design, sample characteristic and gene assessed. Results: After the data were extracted, analyzed, and reviewed, the most common gene suspected to be involved in isolated microtia was Homeobox A2 (HOXA2, 12.1%). Conversely, in syndromic microtia, the two most common genes supposed to play a role were Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 (FGF3, 47.2%) and Treacher–Collins–Franceschetti syndrome 1 (TCOF1, 30.2%). From the studies, the three most prevalent genes associated with microtia were HOXA2 (10%), FGF3 (8.4%), and TCOF1 (5.4%). In syndromic microtia, the most common mutation types were deletion in TCOF1 (46.9%) and missense and deletion in FGF3 (both 38%), and in isolated microtia, the most common mutation type was silent in HOXA2 (54.2%). Conclusions: In summary, genetic factors are involved in microtia; thus, molecular analysis is strongly advised. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021287294 (25/10/21).

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7

Ünal, Ömer Faruk. "Microtia." Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology 2, no. 3 (December 5, 2014): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5606/kbbu.2014.22931.

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8

Llano-Rivas, Isabel, Ariadna, Victoria del Castillo, Raquel Reyes, and Alessandra Carnevale. "Microtia." Archives of Medical Research 30, no. 2 (March 1999): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0188-0128(98)00023-2.

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9

Bennun, Ricardo D., John B. Mulliken, Leonard B. Kaban, and Joseph E. Murray. "Microtia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 76, no. 6 (December 1985): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198512000-00010.

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10

Bennun, Ricardo D., John B. Mulliken, Leonard B. Kaban, Joseph E. Murray, and D. E. Poswillo. "Microtia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 76, no. 6 (December 1985): 864–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198512000-00011.

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11

Xin, Huang, Wang Changchen, Liu Lei, Yang Meirong, Zhang Ye, and Pan Bo. "The Phenolyzer Suite: Prioritizing the Candidate Genes Involved in Microtia." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 6 (April 2, 2019): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419840052.

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Анотація:

Objective: Microtia is a congenital malformation of the external ear. Great progress about the genetic of microtia has been made in recent years. This article was to prioritize the potential candidate pathogenic genes of microtia based on existing studies and reports, with the purpose of narrowing the range of following study scientifically and quickly. Method: A computational tool called Phenolyzer (phenotype-based gene analyzer) was used to prioritize microtia genes. Microtia, as a query term, was input in the interface of Phenolyzer. After several steps, including disease match, gene query, gene score system, seed gene growth, and gene ranking, the final results about genetic information of microtia were provided. Then we tracked details of the top 10 genes ranked by Phenolyzer on the basis of previous reports. Results: We detected 10 348 genes associated with microtia or related syndromes, and 78 genes of those genes belonged to seed genes. Every gene was given a score, and the gene with higher scores was more likely influence microtia. The top 10 ranked genes included HOXA2, CHD7, CDT1, ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDC6, MED12, TWIST1, and GLI3. Otherwise, four gene-gene interactions were displayed. Conclusion: This article prioritized candidate genes of microtia for the first time. High-throughput methods provide tens of thousands of single-nucleotide variants, indels, and structural variants, and only a handful are relevant to microtia or associated syndromes. Combine the ranked potential pathogenic genes list from Phenolyzer with the results of samples provided by high-throughput methods, and more precise research directions are presented.

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12

Chen, Wei-Hong, Hen-Yu Liu, Ching-Yu Tsai, Chia-che Wu, Hong-Jian Wei, Alice Liu, Ming-Tang Lai, Chiung-Fang Huang, and Win-Ping Deng. "The Potential Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Reconstruct the Microtia Chondrocyte in Human Auricular Cartilage Regeneration." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/250615.

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Microtia is characterized as an incomplete auricular development and surgical reconstruction for microtia is still limited even with emerging developments. This study aimed to apply bionanomaterials (PRP/collagen scaffold) for human auricular neocartilage reconstruction by using microtia chondrocytes. The results showed that PRP (TGF-β1 750 pg/mL and 1 ng/mL) increased cell viability of microtia chondrocytes during in vitro 9-day cultures. Additionally, chondrogenic-specific mRNA of Aggrecan and type II collagen (Col II) was significantly and continuously expressed with PRP treatment during the 21-day in vitro expansion. Tissue engineering of auricular neocartilage was performed by seeding microtia chondrocytes in bionanomaterials (PRP/collagen scaffold) 3-dimensional (3D) cultures. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of Col II showed intensive signals between cells and matrix after 4-week cultures. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that PRP promotes proliferation and redifferentiation of microtia chondrocytes and provides regenerative potentials in auricular neocartilage reconstruction.

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13

Hamlet, Claire, and Diana Harcourt. "Exploring the Experiences of Adults With Microtia: A Qualitative Study." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 10 (July 9, 2020): 1230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665620931611.

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Objective: Microtia is a medically complex condition, with the option of surgery to address hearing and reconstruct the ear. The current study explored adults’ experiences of microtia, with a particular focus on the psychosocial impact and experiences of ear reconstruction. The ultimate aim was to identify areas for support and future research that could improve patient care. Design: Fifteen adults (12 females) aged between 20 and 62 years took part in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Three main themes were identified in the data: microtia as an invisible difference, surgery as a welcome opportunity, and living well with microtia. Participants had incorporated microtia into their self-concept and did not report a lasting negative impact on their lives. However, some psychosocial challenges were reported, including anxiety about showing their ears (even after reconstruction), disclosing their diagnosis to romantic partners, surgical decision-making, and feeling unsupported in the work environment. Conclusion: Individuals with microtia may benefit from psychosocial interventions to increase confidence, access to support for treatment decision-making, and guidance around disclosing microtia to employers.

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14

Боброва, Oksana Bobrova, Танцев, Aleksey Tantsev, Епихина, Tamara Epikhina, Тикунов, et al. "BABESIA INFECTION OF SMALL MAMMALS FROM SOUTHERN TAIGA OF OMSK REGION." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21488.

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Blood samples were taken from 541 small mammal captured in 2013–2015 in Znamensky district of Omsk region from Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes trianguliceps sympatric area and examined for the Babesia spp. presence by nested PCR with subsequent sequencing of positive samples. Babesia microti DNA was found in 31,1 % of positive samples; a proportion of infected mammals varied from 5,3 % to 61,6 % in different sampling periods. B. microti DNA was found in samples from three prevailing Myodes species as well as from a root vole (Microtus oeconomus), field voles (Microtus argestis) and Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus). It was shown that identified B. microti samples belong to two genetic groups: B. microti ‘US’-type and B. microti ‘Munich’-type; notably that > 90 % infected mammals contained DNA of nonpathogenic for human B. microti ‘Munich’-type. We suppose that I. trianguliceps tick is the most probable vector of B. microti ‘Munich’-type.

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15

Brodin, Priscille, Karin Eiglmeier, Magali Marmiesse, Alain Billault, Thierry Garnier, Stefan Niemann, Stewart T. Cole, and Roland Brosch. "Bacterial Artificial Chromosome-Based Comparative Genomic Analysis Identifies Mycobacterium microti as a Natural ESAT-6 Deletion Mutant." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 10 (October 2002): 5568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5568-5578.2002.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in voles. Most strains of M. microti are harmless for humans, and some have been successfully used as live tuberculosis vaccines. In an attempt to identify putative virulence factors of the tubercle bacilli, genes that are absent from the avirulent M. microti but present in human pathogen M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis were searched for. A minimal set of 50 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that covers almost all of the genome of M. microti OV254 was constructed, and individual BACs were compared to the corresponding BACs from M. bovis AF2122/97 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Comparison of pulsed-field gel-separated DNA digests of BAC clones led to the identification of 10 regions of difference (RD) between M. microti OV254 and M. tuberculosis. A 14-kb chromosomal region (RD1mic) that partly overlaps the RD1 deletion in the BCG vaccine strain was missing from the genomes of all nine tested M. microti strains. This region covers 13 genes, Rv3864 to Rv3876, in M. tuberculosis, including those encoding the potent ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens. In contrast, RD5mic, a region that contains three phospholipase C genes (plcA to -C), was missing from only the vole isolates and was present in M. microti strains isolated from humans. Apart from RD1mic and RD5mic other M. microti-specific deleted regions have been identified (MiD1 to MiD3). Deletion of MiD1 has removed parts of the direct repeat region in M. microti and thus contributes to the characteristic spoligotype of M. microti strains.

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16

Olshinka, Asaf, Matthew Louis, and Tuan Truong. "Autologous Ear Reconstruction." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 31, no. 03 (August 2017): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603959.

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Since the pioneering use of autologous rib cartilage for the reconstruction of microtia, there have been significant advances in surgical technique that have helped to ameliorate the psychological burden of microtia. To date, the use of rib cartilage for auricular reconstruction is one of the most enduring and ubiquitous techniques for microtia reconstruction as it provides excellent aesthetic results with lasting durability. In this review, the authors outline the most common methods of microtia reconstruction with a comparison of each technique and illustrative case examples.

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17

Panteix, G., M. C. Gutierrez, M. L. Boschiroli, M. Rouviere, A. Plaidy, D. Pressac, H. Porcheret, et al. "Pulmonary tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium microti: a study of six recent cases in France." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.019372-0.

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Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium microti is rare, but its prevalence and clinical significance may have been underestimated. To the best of our knowledge, 21 cases have been reported in the literature in the last decade. We report six recent pulmonary cases caused by M. microti over a period of 5 years detected in French clinical mycobacteriology laboratories of the hospital network. Our data confirm the potential of M. microti to cause clinical illness in immunocompetent patients. M. microti grew slowly from specimens, delaying the final microbiological diagnosis. Therefore, patients with tuberculosis caused by M. microti could benefit from the use of rapid diagnostic molecular techniques directly on clinical samples. From a review of the literature and this study, a classical antituberculous therapy seems effective in treating patients with M. microti disease.

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18

Berta, Annalisa. "Atelocynus microtis." Mammalian Species, no. 256 (June 16, 1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3503815.

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19

Staffenberg, David A. "Microtia Repair." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 14, no. 4 (July 2003): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200307000-00016.

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20

Chen, Xia, and Ruhong Zhang. "Microtia epigenetics." Medicine 98, no. 41 (October 2019): e17468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000017468.

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21

Thomson, Hugh G., and James Winslow. "Microtia Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 84, no. 6 (December 1989): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198912000-00007.

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22

Quatela, Vito, and Neal Goldman. "Microtia Repair." Facial Plastic Surgery 11, no. 04 (October 1995): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064542.

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23

Quatela, Vito C., Scott K. Thompson, and Neal D. Goldman. "Microtia Reconstruction." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 14, no. 2 (May 2006): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2006.01.002.

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24

Wilkes, Gordon H., Joshua Wong, and Regan Guilfoyle. "Microtia Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 134, no. 3 (September 2014): 464e—479e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000000526.

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25

Amali, Amin, Alireza Karimi Yazdi, Amir Arvin Sazgar, Mohammad Sadeghi, Maziar Motiee Langeroudi, Farzad Firoozi, and Hamed Emami. "Microtia Reconstruction." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 147, no. 2_suppl (August 2012): P41—P42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812451438a18.

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26

Osorno, Gabriel. "Microtia reconstruction." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 24, no. 3 (June 2001): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380100266.

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27

Cabin, Jonathan A., Michael Bassiri-Tehrani, Anthony P. Sclafani, and Thomas Romo. "Microtia Reconstruction." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 22, no. 4 (November 2014): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2014.07.004.

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28

Bly, Randall A., Amit D. Bhrany, Craig S. Murakami, and Kathleen C. Y. Sie. "Microtia Reconstruction." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 24, no. 4 (November 2016): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.011.

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29

Tuvshintulga, Bumduuren, Edouard Vannier, Dickson S. Tayebwa, Sambuu Gantuya, Thillaiampalam Sivakumar, Azirwan Guswanto, Peter J. Krause, Naoaki Yokoyama, and Ikuo Igarashi. "Clofazimine, a Promising Drug for the Treatment of Babesia microti Infection in Severely Immunocompromised Hosts." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 6 (April 20, 2020): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa195.

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Abstract Background Persistent and relapsing babesiosis caused by Babesia microti often occurs in immunocompromised patients, and has been associated with resistance to antimicrobial agents such as atovaquone. Given the rising incidence of babesiosis in the United States, novel drugs are urgently needed. In the current study, we tested whether clofazimine (CFZ), an antibiotic used to treat leprosy and drug-resistant tuberculosis, is effective against B. microti. Methods Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency were infected with 107B. microti–infected erythrocytes. Parasites were detected by means of microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears or nested polymerase chain reaction. CFZ was administered orally. Results Uninterrupted monotherapy with CFZ curtailed the rise of parasitemia and achieved radical cure. B. microti parasites and B. microti DNA were cleared by days 10 and 50 of therapy, respectively. A 7-day administration of CFZ delayed the rise of parasitemia by 22 days. This rise was caused by B. microti isolates that did not carry mutations in the cytochrome b gene. Accordingly, a 14-day administration of CFZ was sufficient to resolve high-grade parasitemia caused by atovaquone-resistant B. microti parasites. Conclusions Clofazimine is effective against B. microti infection in the immunocompromised host. Additional preclinical studies are required to identify the minimal dose and dosage of CFZ for babesiosis.

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30

Ramprasad, Vaibhav H., Amber D. Shaffer, and Noel Jabbour. "Utilization of Diagnostic Testing for Renal Anomalies and Congenital Heart Disease in Patients with Microtia." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 162, no. 4 (January 21, 2020): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820901351.

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Objective Congenital ear anomalies are associated with congenital cardiac and renal defects. Renal ultrasounds, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram can be utilized for diagnosis of these concurrent defects. No standard of care exists for the workup of patients with microtia. The goals of this study were to describe the utilization of diagnostic testing for cardiac and renal anomalies and to identify their prevalence in patients with microtia. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Subjects and Methods This study is an Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective review of consecutive patients born between 2002 and 2016 who were diagnosed with microtia and seen in the otolaryngology clinic at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Demographics, sidedness and grade of microtia, comorbid diagnoses, and details of renal and cardiovascular evaluations were recorded. Factors associated with retroperitoneal ultrasound and cardiac testing were assessed with logistic regression. Results Microtia was present in 102 patients, and 98 patients were included as they received follow-up. Microtia was associated with craniofacial syndrome in 34.7% of patients. Renal ultrasound was performed in 64.3% of patients, and 12.9% of patients with ultrasounds had renal aplasia. Cardiac workup (electrocardiogram or echocardiogram) was completed in 60.2% of patients, and of this subset, 54.2% had a congenital heart defect. Conclusion Diagnostic testing revealed renal anomalies and cardiac defects in patients with isolated microtia at a higher rate than in the general population. This suggests the need for further evaluation of the role of routine screening in patients with microtia.

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Frota, Cristiane C., Debbie M. Hunt, Roger S. Buxton, Lisa Rickman, Jason Hinds, Kristin Kremer, Dick van Soolingen, and M. Joseph Colston. "Genome structure in the vole bacillus, Mycobacterium microti, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with a low virulence for humans." Microbiology 150, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26660-0.

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Mycobacterium microti, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is phylogenetically closely related to M. tuberculosis, differing in a few biochemical properties. However, these species have different levels of virulence in different hosts; most notably M. microti shows lower virulence for humans than M. tuberculosis. This report presents genomic comparisons using DNA microarray analysis for an extensive study of the diversity of M. microti strains. Compared to M. tuberculosis H37Rv, 13 deletions were identified in 12 strains of M. microti, including the regions RD1 to RD10, which are also missing in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In addition, four new deleted regions, named MiD1, RD1β, MiD2 and MiD3, were identified. DNA sequencing was used to define the extent of most of the deletions in one strain. Although RD1 of M. bovis BCG and M. microti is thought to be crucial for attenuation, in this study, three of the four M. microti strains that were isolated from immunocompetent patients had the RD1 deletion. In fact, only the RD3 deletion was present in all of the strains examined, although deletions RD7, RD8 and MiD1 were found in almost all the M. microti strains. These deletions might therefore have some relation to the different host range of M. microti. It was also noticeable that of the 12 strains studied, only three were identical; these strains were all isolated from immunocompetent humans, suggesting that they could have arisen from a single source. Thus, this study shows that it is difficult to ascribe virulence to any particular pattern of deletion in M. microti.

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Liu, Mingming, Shengwei Ji, Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni, Eloiza May Galon, Jixu Li, Yongchang Li, et al. "Transient Transfection of the Zoonotic Parasite Babesia microti." Pathogens 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020108.

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The development of genetic manipulation techniques has been reported in many protozoan parasites over the past few years. However, these techniques have not been established for Babesia microti. Here, we report the first successful transient transfection of B. microti. The plasmids containing the firefly luciferase reporter gene were transfected into B. microti by an AMAXA 4D Nucleofection system. Twenty-four-hour synchronization, the 5′-actin promoter, program FA100, and 50 μg of plasmid DNA constituted the best conditions for the transient transfection of B. microti. This finding is the first step towards a stable transfection method for B. microti, which may contribute to a better understanding of the biology of the parasite.

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DUH, D., M. PETROVEC, T. TRILAR, and T. AVSIC-ZUPANC. "The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia." Parasitology 126, no. 2 (February 2003): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002743.

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In Europe, the zoonotic cycle of Babesia microti has not been determined so far. Recently, B. microti was detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Slovenia by using molecular methods. In order to investigate the mammalian hosts of B. microti in Slovenia we collected 261 small mammals representing 11 species. They were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a PCR assay based on the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (nss-rDNA). The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) were infected with B. microti. The prevalence rate was 15·9% for C. glareolus and 11·8% for A. flavicollis. Nucleotide sequences of amplified portions of B. microti nss-rDNA from C. glareolus and A. flavicollis were indistinguishable from each other and identical with those previously described in I. ricinus ticks collected in Slovenia. The results of this study represent molecular evidence of B. microti in small mammals in Europe.

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Michelet, Lorraine, Céline Richomme, Edouard Réveillaud, Krystel De Cruz, Jean-Louis Moyen, and Maria Laura Boschiroli. "Mycobacterium microti Infection in Red Foxes in France." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061257.

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Mycobacterium microti, member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, complex is known to interfere in the screening and diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. This pathogen is increasingly detected in the frame of surveillance programs for tuberculosis in livestock and wildlife. Recently, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were found infected by Mycobacterium bovis in four French endemic areas. M. microti infection was concomitantly found during this investigation. Rates of infection by M. microti and M. bovis are not different except in one of the four areas (lower prevalence for M. microti in Charente). As for M. bovis infection, none of the infected foxes presented gross TB-like lesions. Infection of red foxes by M. microti seems to occur by ingestion of contaminated food, as mesenteric lymph nodes are mostly infected albeit no fecal excretion could be detected. Red foxes appear to be susceptible to Mycobacterium microti infection but seem to play a role of dead-end host for the transmission of this bacillus.

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Johns, Alexis L., Daniel D. Im, and Sheryl L. Lewin. "Early Familial Experiences With Microtia: Psychosocial Implications for Pediatric Providers." Clinical Pediatrics 57, no. 7 (September 29, 2017): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817734358.

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This study focuses on early experiences of families with a child with microtia to better inform their ongoing care by pediatric providers. Parents and children (n = 62; mean age of 6.9 ± 3.9 years) with isolated microtia participated in semistructured interviews in Spanish (66.1%) or English (33.9%). Qualitative analysis of responses used open coding to identify themes. Parents reported stressful informing experiences of the diagnosis with multiple negative emotions. Parents and children generally reported not understanding microtia etiology, while some families identified medical, religious, and folk explanations. Parental coping included learning about surgeries, normalization, perspective taking, and support from family, providers, religion, and others with microtia. Family communication centered on surgery and reassurance. Pediatricians of children with microtia need to understand families’ formative psychosocial experiences to better promote positive family adjustment through clarifying misinformation, educating families about available treatment options, modeling acceptance, psychosocial screening, and providing resources.

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Parveen, Nikhat, and Purnima Bhanot. "Babesia microti—Borrelia Burgdorferi Coinfection." Pathogens 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030117.

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The incidence and geographic distribution of human babesiosis is growing in the U.S. Its major causative agent is the protozoan parasite, Babesia microti. B. microti is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of Ixodes scapularis ticks, which are vectors for a number of other pathogens. Other routes of B. microti transmission are blood transfusion and in rare cases of mother-to-foetus transmission, through the placenta. This review discusses the current literature on mammalian coinfection with B. microti and Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent Lyme disease.

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van Soolingen, Dick, Adri G. M. van der Zanden, Petra E. W. de Haas, Gerda T. Noordhoek, Albert Kiers, Norbert A. Foudraine, Francoise Portaels, Arend H. J. Kolk, Kristin Kremer, and Jan D. A. van Embden. "Diagnosis of Mycobacterium microtiInfections among Humans by Using Novel Genetic Markers." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 7 (1998): 1840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1840-1845.1998.

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As a result of DNA typing of Mycobacterium microtiisolates from animals in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, we diagnosed four human M. microti infections. These are the first M. microti infections among humans to be reported. Three of the patients were immunocompromised and suffered from generalized forms of tuberculosis. The fourth patient was a 34-year-old immunocompetent male with a persistent cough and undefined X-ray abnormalities. Two of the M. microti infections were recognized by their IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, which showed a high degree of similarity with those of M. microti strains isolated from a pig and a ferret in The Netherlands. The two other humanM. microti infections were recognized by using the recently developed DNA fingerprinting method, “spoligotyping,” directly on clinical material. All M. microti isolates from the United Kingdom and The Netherlands were found to contain an exceptionally short genomic direct repeat region, resulting in identical two-spacer sequence reactions in spoligotyping. In contrast, the highly similar IS6110 RFLP patterns of the vole strains from the United Kingdom differed considerably from the RFLPs of all M. microti strains isolated in The Netherlands, suggesting that geographic isolation led to divergent strains in the United Kingdom and on the continent.

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Alipour, Marzieh, and Khalil Khashei Varnamkhasti. "Case Report of Congenital Microtia-Atresia." Qom Univ Med Sci J 15, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/qums.15.5.1975.4.

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Background and Objectives Microtia-atresia is a rare congenital anomaly, which characterized by a small, abnormally shaped auricle (microtia) accompanied with narrow, blocked or absent ear canal (atresia). Microtia can occur appear either as independent clinical abnormality or as part of a syndrome. Due to hearing loss, 80%–90% of patients are at increasing risk of speech and poor academic performance. This abnormality with genetic predisposition and autosomal dominant or recessive mode of Mendelian hereditary, as well as forms due to chromosomal aberrations, occur in varying degrees from 0.83 to 17.4 per 10,000 births, usually unilateral form with more common in males. Case Presentation In this article, a term male neonate with microtia-atresia, born of a 34-year-old mother, was reported. On initial examination by a pediatrician, not properly formation of external right ear and absence of the ear canal was observed in infant. In a closer examination no craniofacial anomalies and no microtia associated syndrome was not observed.

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Yokoyama, Naoaki, Sabine Bork, Mitsuhiro Nishisaka, Haruyuki Hirata, Tomohide Matsuo, Noboru Inoue, Xuenan Xuan, Hiroshi Suzuki, Chihiro Sugimoto, and Ikuo Igarashi. "Roles of the Maltese Cross Form in the Development of Parasitemia and Protection against Babesia microti Infection in Mice." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 1 (January 2003): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.1.411-417.2003.

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ABSTRACT Babesia microti, a hemoprotozoan parasite of rodents, is also important as a zoonotic agent of human babesiosis. The Maltese cross form, which consists of four masses in an erythrocyte, is characteristic of the developmental stage of B. microti. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2-1E, which specifically recognizes the Maltese cross form of B. microti, has been described previously. In the present study, we examined the roles of the Maltese cross form during the infectious course of B. microti in mice. The number of the Maltese cross form increased in the peripheral blood of infected mice prior to the peak of parasitemia. With confocal laser scanning microscopy, MAb 2-1E was found to be reactive with the ring form, with the parasites undergoing transformation to the Maltese cross form and subsequent division, and also with extracellular merozoites. Furthermore, the Maltese cross form-related antigen (MRA) gene was isolated from a B. microti cDNA library by immunoscreening with MAb 2-1E, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Genomic analyses indicated that the MRA gene exists as a single-copy gene in B. microti. Immunization of mice with recombinant MRA induced significant protective immunity against B. microti infection. These findings indicate that the Maltese cross form plays important roles in both the development of parasitemia and the protective response against the infection.

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Guo, Jiaying, Xiaoying Luo, Sen Wang, Lan He, and Junlong Zhao. "Xanthohumol and Gossypol Are Promising Inhibitors against Babesia microti by In Vitro Culture via High-Throughput Screening of 133 Natural Products." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (October 16, 2020): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040613.

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Human babesiosis caused by Babesia microti is an emerging threat for severe illness and even death, with an increasing impact worldwide. Currently, the regimen of atovaquone and azithromycin is considered as the standard therapy for treating human babesiosis, which, however, may result in drug resistance and relapse, suggesting the necessity of developing new drugs to control B. microti. In this regard, natural products are promising candidates for drug design against B. microti due to their active therapeutic efficacy, lower toxicity, and fewer adverse reactions to host. Here, the potential inhibitors against B. microti were preliminarily screened from 133 natural products, and 47 of them were selected for further screening. Gossypol (Gp) and xanthohumol (Xn) were finally shown to effectively inhibit the growth of B. microti with IC50 values of 8.47 μm and 21.40 μm, respectively. The cytotoxicity results showed that Gp and Xn were non-toxic to erythrocytes at a concentration below 100 μm. Furthermore, both of them were confirmed to be non-toxic to different types of cells in previous studies. Our findings suggest the potential of Gp and Xn as effective drugs against B. microti infection.

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Pawełczyk, Olga, Marek Asman, and Krzysztof Solarz. "The Discovery of Zoonotic Protozoans in Fleas Parasitizing on Pets as a Potential Infection Threat." Acta Parasitologica 65, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00221-2.

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Abstract Purpose Fleas are insects with a high medical and veterinary importance. They may participate in spreading of many pathogenic agents, but still there is limited information about their possible reservoir or vector role for protozoans. The main aim of this study was an attempt of detection zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia microti and Toxoplasma gondii in fleas Ctenocephalides felis felis and Ctenocephalides canis. Methods In 2013–2017, 155 fleas were captured from domestic dogs and cats in veterinary clinics, animal shelters and pet grooming salons in Upper Silesia Region in Poland. Then, the DNA was extracted from each Ctenocephalides flea by using the ammonia method. Samples were screened for the presence of B. microti and T. gondii using PCR and nested PCR methods. Results B. microti was reported in 6.6% of C. felis felis and 9.1% of C. canis, whereas the prevalence of coinfection with B. microti and T. gondii was 1.9% in cat fleas and 2.3% in dog fleas. Conclusion This study shows the first cases of B. microti occurrence and B. microti and T. gondii coinfection in Ctenocephalides fleas. The estimation of prevalence of examined protozoans may be useful considering the possibility of infection among companion animals, as well as during presentation of the potential risk of infection in humans. In order to clarify the role of C. felis felis and C. canis in transmission of B. microti and T. gondii, the another studies with in vitro cultures and laboratory animals are needed.

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Manabe, Yukari C., Cherise P. Scott, and William R. Bishai. "Naturally Attenuated, Orally Administered Mycobacterium microti as a Tuberculosis Vaccine Is Better than Subcutaneous Mycobacterium bovis BCG." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 3 (March 2002): 1566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.3.1566-1570.2002.

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ABSTRACT Mycobacterium microti is phylogenetically closely related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a member of that complex of organisms. It is a curved, acid-fast bacillus that is naturally attenuated with a narrow host range for Microtus species only. In this study, we confirm the unique susceptibility of voles to infection with M. microti and the relative resistance of mice with a significantly lower organism burden after 8 weeks of infection. In addition, histopathologic examination of lungs reveals a lack of cellular, granulomatous aggregates characteristically seen in murine M. tuberculosis infection. In the past, M. microti has been used successfully in humans as a vaccine against tuberculosis but was associated with cutaneous reactions. In an attempt to circumvent this adverse effect, we report the efficacy of aerosol and oral vaccination with M. microti. High-dose orogastric vaccination with M. microti resulted in a statistically significant improvement in protection against aerosol challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis in the murine model compared with subcutaneous M. bovis BCG Pasteur vaccination.

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ANDREONE, FRANCO, and RONALD A. NUSSBAUM. "A revision of Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, and a comparison with other large Madagascan stream frogs (Anura: Mantellidae: Mantellinae)." Zootaxa 1105, no. 1 (January 10, 2006): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1105.1.5.

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We revise two stream frogs, Mantidactylus microtis and M. microtympanum, providing data on its known distribution and life history traits, based upon observations in nature. For M. microtis we show for the first time photographs of the live individuals, while for M. microtympanum we also describe its putative tadpoles. The transfer of microtis from Boophis to Mantidactylus is formally justified by morphological and ecological traits, e.g., the lack of nuptial pads, the torrenticolous life style and the low number of eggs. Mantidactylus microtis shares some characters with M. microtympanum: distribution (both live in south-eastern Madagascar), natural history (both are stream frogs), morphology (wide digital expansions, lack of femoral glands, presence of a mostly unforked omosternum, cryptic dorsal colouration, small tympanum, and presence of a derived cloacal structure). Mantidactylus microtympanum differs from the species of the subgenus Mantidactylus (M. grandidieri and M. guttulatus), to which it was so far ascribed, for the lack (vs. presence) of femoral glands, and presence of expanded (vs. moderately expanded) fingertips. Whether M. microtis and M. microtympanum are phylogenetically related, or their overall similarity is due to convergence, is discussed.

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Ali, Kausar, Kriti Mohan, and Yi-Chun Liu. "Otologic and Audiology Concerns of Microtia Repair." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 31, no. 03 (August 2017): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603957.

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Microtia is a congenital auricular deformity that commonly presents with associated congenital aural atresia. The most acute concern in these patients is concomitant hearing loss at birth. A team-based approach by plastic surgeons and otologists is necessary to address both the otologic and audiologic concerns of microtia and atresia. Hearing rehabilitation is imperative; yet it should not compromise the aesthetic components of reconstruction and vice versa. Here, the authors propose a framework to evaluate and manage patients with microtia and atresia with the goal of optimizing functional and cosmetic outcomes.

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Linstrom, Christopher J., Thomas Romo, and Suzanne Mccormick. "Congenital Auricular Atresia: A Team Approach." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (May 1995): P65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80140-8.

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Educational objectives: To evaluate and diagnose children and adults with microtia, to understand the management options for patients with microtia, and to be able to educate parents regarding these treatment options and to coordinate the care of these children.

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Nakai, Hiroyasu. "Reconstruction of Microtia." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 17, no. 2 (April 1990): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-1298(20)31244-x.

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Holmes, R. E. "Bilateral microtia reconstruction." Yearbook of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery 2012 (January 2012): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yprs.2011.02.049.

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Bauer, Bruce S. "Reconstruction of Microtia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 124, Supplement (July 2009): 14e—26e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3181aa0e79.

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Muraoka, Michinari, Yoshiaki Nakai, Kenichi Shimada, Hideharu Yagi, and Yoshihiro Nakaki. "Otoplasty in Microtia." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 111, sup486 (January 1991): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489109134994.

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Chafai Elalaoui, S., I. Cherkaoui Jaouad, L. Rifai, and A. Sefiani. "Autosomal dominant microtia." European Journal of Medical Genetics 53, no. 2 (March 2010): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.02.002.

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