Дисертації з теми "MicroTik"
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1
Мартинець, Андрій Дмитрович. "Мережа магазину з розмежуванням доступів на базі обладнення MicroTik". Бакалаврська робота, Хмельницький національний університет, 2021. http://elar.khnu.km.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/10465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Під час виконання роботи було досліджено будівлю у якому потрібно побудувати локальну мережу, та розмежувати її. Були підібрані пристрої від компанії MicroTik. Також була створена модель фізична та логічна модель локальної мережі, яку можна використовувати для організацій.
2
Smith, Andrew. "Field-scale experiments in rodent-vector-pathogen interactions : field voles (Microtus agrestis), fleas (Siphonaptera) and trypanosomes (Trypanosoma microti)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422361.
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3
Backes, Sacha Akira. "Microdisk lasers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624363.
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BLOCH, KARINE. "Contribution a l'etude des clusters de malformations : analyse d'un pic d'incidence d'anotie/microtie observe dans la region rhone-alpes en 1987 : travail realise dans le cadre de l'institut des genomutations." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M418.
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Liu, Yuchen. "Invasion of Babesia microti in Northeastern USA." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172530.
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Rodríguez, Prieto Ana. "Filogenia, morfometría y especiación de dos topillos ibéricos: Microtus duodecimcostatus y Microtus lusitanicus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Establecer las relaciones existentes entre las especies y definir los límites entre las mismas ha sido uno de los objetos principales de estudio de la biología evolutiva durante las últimas décadas. El establecimiento de estos límites se hace más complejo cuanto más cercanas son las especies entre sí debido a que comparten más características, tanto genéticas como morfológicas, lo que hace que en algunas ocasiones estos límites sean muy difusos, generando una mayor complejidad en la búsqueda de los criterios más precisos y menos sesgados para establecer los límites entre las especies. Bajo este marco conceptual, el objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral ha sido la búsqueda, sirviéndose de herramientas morfológicas y filogenéticas, de los criterios que explican con un mayor grado de exactitud la relación existente entre dos especies cercanas de topillos, Microtus duodecimcostatus y Microtus lusitanicus, que se distribuyen a lo largo de la Península Ibérica.
Estos dos topillos ibéricos pertenecen al orden Rodentia y, teniendo en cuenta que los roedores componen la mitad de las especies de los mamíferos y que además cuentan con un genoma con ciertas particularidades con respecto al del resto de los mamíferos, se desarrolló un conjunto de marcadores nucleares intrónicos específicos para los roedores. A partir de genomas de las bases de datos y mediante la aplicación de una serie de filtros bioinformáticos se seleccionaron 208 marcadores con unas determinadas características (tamaño, copia única, alta divergencia y evolución ajustada a la del resto del genoma) que permitieran usar estos intrones para resolver cuestiones filogenéticas a los niveles taxonómicos más bajos dentro del orden Rodentia. Una vez obtenido este conjunto de marcadores se escogió un subconjunto de ellos y se comprobó su validez mediante la amplificación y posterior uso para la reconstrucción filogenética en especies pertenecientes a varias familias representativas del orden Rodentia. Se obtuvo un elevado éxito de amplificación (78%) y las reconstrucciones filogenéticas de máxima verosimilitud y de inferencia Bayesiana con estos marcadores seleccionados reflejaron las filogenias propuestas para este orden en la literatura.
Por otro lado, se empleó la técnica de la morfometría geométrica para determinar las características morfológicas principales que diferencian las dos especies de topillos, M. duodecimcostatus y M. lusitanicus, en las zonas de distribución alopátrica. Se identificaron cinco caracteres óseos que permitían una clara diferenciación morfológica entre las dos especies. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo, mediante estos caracteres, la asignación de especie a los individuos de las zonas de distribución solapada de las dos especies de topillos. A pesar de que en las zonas de distribución solapada se detectó una convergencia en forma entre las dos especies, se obtuvo una clasificación muy robusta de los individuos en una de las dos especies
Por último, se llevó a cabo la caracterización de las dos especies de topillos ibéricos a nivel filogenético mediante el uso de un marcador mitocondrial, citocromo b, y de seis intrones de los desarrollados en la primera parte de la tesis. Se estimó, usando metodologías de reconstrucción de árboles de especies, que el tiempo de especiación entre estas dos especies es de 0,65 millones de años y que ambas especies sufren procesos de expansión poblacional, siendo este mayor en el caso de M. lusitanicus. A pesar de que estas dos especies se comportan como dos entidades separadas se detectó la existencia de una discordancia mitocondrial. Utilizando diferentes metodologías basadas en la teoría de la coalescencia se determinó que la causa más plausible de esta discordancia es un proceso antiguo de introgresión por hibridación de la especie M. duodecimcostatus hacia M. lusitanicus, originado así secuencias mitocondriales introgresadas en individuos de M. lusitanicus, siendo posiblemente los machos de M. lusitanicus los que invadieron las áreas de distribución de M. duodecimcostatus.Establishing the relationships among species and particularly defining the boundaries among them has been one of the main goals of Evolutionary Biology in recent decades. Assessing these limits becomes more complex when species are closely related, since they share more features, both genetic and morphological, and their boundaries are more diffuse. In such cases, it is crucial to identify accurate criteria to set the limits among species. In this scenario, the aim of this thesis has been to explore, using morphological and phylogenetic tools, wich are the criteria that explain with a higher degree of accuracy the relationship between two closely related species of voles, Microtus duodecimcostatus and Microtus lusitanicus (order Rodentia), that are distributed along the Iberian Peninsula, with a partial range overlap. In order to perform a multi-locus analysis of these species, a bioinformatic pipeline to extract intron sequences from already available rodent genomes was used, which allowed the identification of 208 introns. These introns were shown to be optimal to solve phylogenetic questions of closely related species in the Rodentia order. In addition, geometric morphometrics on skull bones and teeth was used to identify five characters to discriminate between the two species in their allopatric ranges. These characters also proved to be very powerful to discriminate species in the overlapped range, despite the existence of morphological convergence processes in this area in the two species. Finally, by multi-locus coalescence methods applied to the cytochrome b marker and a selection of six of the developed introns, a divergence time of 0.65 million years ago was estimated for these two species. Although these species behave as two separate entities, the existence of a mitochondrial discordance was detected. Using different methodologies based on the coalescent theory, it was determined that the most plausible cause of this discordance is due to an ancient process of introgression by hybridization from M. duodecimcostatus to M. lusitanicus.
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Paccola, Elaine Cristina Moreto. "Sistema de frequência modulada e malformação de orelha: benefício e efeito do uso no ambiente educacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-24012019-085000/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As malformações congênitas de orelha causam dificuldades auditivas, interferindo no desenvolvimento das habilidades de fala e linguagem e, consequentemente, prejudicando o desenvolvimento social, emocional, cognitivo e acadêmico da criança. Para minimizar estas dificuldades, o aparelho de amplificação sonora individual (AASI) por condução óssea é indicado. Com a possibilidade de adaptação do sistema de frequência modulada (FM) pelo SUS, de acordo com a portaria n° 1.274 do Ministério da Saúde, de 25 de junho de 2013, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o benefício deste dispositivo em crianças e adolescentes com malformação de orelha externa e/ou média, usuários de AASI por condução óssea, sob a ótica dos próprios usuários, seus pais e professores. Participaram da pesquisa vinte e quatro crianças e adolescentes, doze pais ou responsáveis e doze professores. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Listas de Sentenças em Português, para avaliar a percepção de fala no ruído e Classroom Participation Questionnaire (CPQ), para a auto avaliação da participação em sala de aula (usuários); Questionário Avaliação do Sistema FM, para avaliar o desempenho em diferentes situações auditivas (pais) e Screening Instrument For Targeting Educational Risk in Secondary Students (SIFTER), para a avaliação do desempenho acadêmico (professor). Todas as avaliações foram realizadas nas condições com e sem o sistema de FM e para a comparação dos resultados foi utilizado o teste t pareado. Em todos os procedimentos estatísticos foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Foi observada diferença significante com o uso do sistema de FM para todos os aspectos avaliados, evidenciando o benefício da adaptação deste dispositivo para esta população.Congenital ear malformations cause hearing impairment, interfering with speech and language development, and, consequently, impairing the social, emotional, cognitive and academic development of the child. Bone conduction hearing aids are indicated to minimize these difficulties. With the possibility of fitting the FM System by the Brazilian Health Public System, according to the ordinance no. 1,274 from the Ministry of Health, dated June 25, 2013, this study aimed to evaluate the benefit of the FM System in children and adolescents with external ear and/or middle ear malformation, users of bone conduction hearing aids, through the perspective of the users, their parents and teachers. Twenty-four children and adolescents, twelve parents or guardians, and twelve teachers participated in this study. The instruments used were: Sentence Lists in Brazilian Portuguese, to evaluate speech perception in noise, and Classroom Participation Questionnaire (CPQ), for self-assessment of classroom participation (users); FM System Evaluation Questionnaire, to evaluate performance in different auditory situations (parents); and Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk in Secondary Students (SIFTER), to evaluate academic performance (teachers). All evaluations were performed with and without the FM System, and the paired t-test was used to compare the results. A significance level of 5% was adopted (p<0.05) in all statistical tests. A significant difference was observed with the use of the FM system in all aspects evaluated, demonstrating the benefit of fitting this device in this population.
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Wong, Susanna Wing Man. "Microdisk fabrication by emulsion evaporation." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Colloidal suspensions of disk-like particles have been of interest in both colloidal and liquid crystal studies because they exhibit unique liquid crystalline phases different from those of rod-like molecules. Disk-like particles, such as asphaltenes in heavy oil industry, clay particles in agriculture, and red blood cells in biology, are of great interest in a variety of industries and scientific areas. However, to fabricate monodisperse microdisks, uniform in structure or composition with precise control of particle size and shape has not yet succeeded. In this thesis, we show an experimental strategy of using microfluidic technique to fabricate homogeneous ñ-eicosene microemulsions with chloroform in an aqueous solution of sodium dedecyl sulfate (SDS). The monodisperse chloroform emulsions, generated by the glass-based microfluidic devices, ensure the precise control on microdisk particle size and shape. A systematic investigation was performed to study the relation between the resulted microdisk size and the initial concentration of ñ-eicosene in chloroform before evaporation. The smectic liquid crystalline phase inside the wax particles controls the coin-like disk shape below the melting temperature of waxâÂÂs rotator phase. The kinetics of the disk formation is observed using a polarized light microscope. Dynamic light scattering is used to characterize the Brownian motion of the microdisks, and the rotational diffusion is estimated from the image sequences taken by the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Effort has been put into collecting a large quantity of microdisks to investigate the discotic liquid crystalline phases, which can be readily probed by light scattering and microscope. In comparison, X-ray and neutron have to be used for the atomic liquid crystalline phase investigation.
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Luscombe, Darryl L., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Studies with voltammetric microdisk electrodes." Deakin University. School of Sciences, 1991. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051201.153433.
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O'Brien, Graham James. "Molecular analysis of microcin 24 : Genetics, secretion and mode of action of a novel microcin." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Plant and Microbial Sciences, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Colicins and microcins are proteinaceous antimicrobial agents produced by members of the Enterobacteriaceae which are active against other members of this family. Colicin24 is a novel bacteriocin produced by a uropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli isolated at Christchurch Hospital. Through detailed genetic analysis of the DNA encoding this toxin and assaying the toxic activity, colicin 24 was re-classified as microcin 24 and has been shown to have a similar genetic organisation to that of colicin V and a novel mode of activity.
The region of DNA encoding microcin 24 was subcloned from pGOB34 into pBR322 generating pGOB18 (5.44kb). Mutagenesis, DNA sequencing and transcomplementation identified two regions with high sequence similarity and functional homology to the ColV transporters CvaA and CvaB. The insert DNA of pGOB18 was sequenced in both directions and has been found to contain 5267bp encoding five open reading frames, mdbA, mtft, mtfS, mtfA and mtfB, forming three operons mdbA, mtfI/mtfS and mtfA/mtfB all of which were transcribed in the same direction. The predicted protein products of all the open reading frames except mtfB were confirmed by expressing the genes in minicells. Further mutagenesis and trans-complementation has identified mdbA as a cis acting positive regulatory gene with sequence similarity to the histone-like proteins. The mtfI and mtfS genes were confirmed as the Mcc24 immunity gene and the Mcc24 structural gene respectively. The genes mtfA and mtfB were found to encode the transport proteins homologous to CvaA and CvaB respectively, with mtfB encoding a protein which is a member of the ABC family of bacterial transporters. Transport also requires the TolC outer membrane protein. Analysis of the mtfS DNA sequence has identified a double glycine leader sequence, making MtfS the second microcin after ColV to belong to this class of peptide antibiotics. Experimental evidence suggested that unlike ColV, Mcc24 is inactive within the producing cell, however both toxins require the ABC transporter for post-translational modification of the pre-peptide.
The regulation of Mcc24 synthesis is controlled by the interaction between σs, Fur, and MdbA, encoded by the mdbA gene. Analysis of the promoter sequences has identified putative regions of DNA bending which might facilitate the binding of σs and MdbA. A Fur-box with good sequence similarity to the consensus Fur-box has been identified in the mtfI/mtfS promoter and is the proposed site for Fur binding.
The activity spectrum of Mcc24 is restricted to enteric bacteria and SernA, the MccE492 receptor, is also required as the receptor for Mcc24. Extracts of Mcc24 have been found to degrade both linearised and covalently closed circular DNA in vitro. The activity is absent in extracts from mtfS - strains, suggesting that Mcc24 inhibits the growth of sensitive cells by degrading DNA. The effect of Mcc24 expression on the virulence of E. coli was tested using the embryo lethality assay, however unlike ColV which increases the virulence of strains, the expression of Mcc24 did not appear to have a significant effect on E. coli virulence in this system.
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Jackson, Claire. "Studies of the environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the four striped field mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous studies of the control of reproduction in Rhabdomys pumilio have shown that day length alone does not inhibit spermatogenesis, that a reduction in food availability and ambient temperature results in an inhibition of gametogenesis, that females are more susceptible to inhibition than are males, and that mice that are able to maintain a body fat store in the face of an energetic challenge, are less likely to show reproductive inhibition than those that lose their fat store. In the present study, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of winter food supplementation on reproduction and population dynamics, and the effects of exogenous GnRH, leptin and mercaptoacetate (MA) on reproductive activity of Rhabdomys pumilio exposed to an energetic challenge. In the field food supplementation experiments in Thomas Baines Nature Reserve (2000, 2001), there was no winter inhibition of reproduction and provision of supplementary food had little effect. While at Mountain Zebra National Park (2002) winter was harsher, females became reproductively inactive, spermatogenesis continued and the provision of extra food resulted in higher rates of individual growth and larger reproductive organs. Treatment of mice that had been exposed to a prolonged energetic challenge, with exogenous GnRH (1µg/mouse/treatment) resulted in an increase in the masses of the testes and epididymides, and in the activity of the reproductive organs. Treatment with exogenous leptin (40µg/mouse/treatment), concurrently with an energetic challenge, countered the negative effects of the energetic challenge, and treated males had larger reproductive organs. MA (600µmol/kg body mass), given concurrently with an energetic challenge, did not inhibit fat metabolism, although the high-fat diet countered the effects of the energetic challenge. Results suggest that the first response of male Rhabdomys pumilio to an energetic challenge is a reduction in the size of the reproductive organs, without an inhibition of spermatogenesis. It is likely that this effect is mediated via white fat and leptin, and leptin’s influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis. Results of the study support the suggestion that females are more sensitive to reproductive inhibition than males and that reproduction in Rhabdomys pumilio is truly opportunistic.
12
Slawik, Alexander John. "Nonlinear Analysis of Silicon Microdisk Resonators." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3741327.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation addresses the character, control, and application of self-sustained oscillations in two-photon absorption dominated optical cavities. The complex interactions of photons, electrons, and thermal effects are understood to drive these emergent oscillations, with the dynamics captured by a system of ordinary differential equations. First, I explore the dynamics of the model and characterize the emergent optical oscillations as relaxation oscillations of a fast-slow system under certain conditions. Within this framework, I establish the entrainment of the oscillations to periodic forcing, providing an easy mechanism for control. The model is further extended to an opto-mechanical system which can be used as a sensor for atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the system predicts that two-photon absorption based effects can excite the mechanical modes of the sensor and increase the signal to noise ratio of the optical readout.
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Michael, Christopher Paul Painter Oskar J. Painter Oskar J. "Optical material characterization using microdisk cavities /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05282009-103510.
Повний текст джерела
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Lemieux, Jacob. "Genomic Analysis of Evolution in Plasmodium falciparum and Babesia microti." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:15821587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parasitic protozoan infections of the red blood cell are among the most widespread and devastating pathogens of vertebrates. In humans, two genera of pathogens cause disease: the Plasmodia, which cause malaria, and the Babesia, which cause babesiosis. In this thesis, we apply the tools of whole genome sequencing and evolutionary genetics to study factors contributing to the spread of these pathogens: in P. falciparum, the acquisition of multiple drug resistance, and in B. microti the development of azithromycin resistance and the population genetics of emergence.
In the first part of this work, we test whether an accelerated mutation rate predisposes to acquisition of drug resistance in P. falciparum. Epidemiologically, resistance tends to begin along the Thai-Cambodian border, and from there spreads to other parts of the world. Environmental conditions such as inadequate drug dosing likely facilitate drug resistance, but molecular evidence also suggests that parasites from the Thai-Cambodian border may harbor genetic traits that let them develop resistance to novel antimalarials at an elevated rate. Low-dose drug pressure has also been proposed to be mutagenic, since several antimalarial agents have known DNA binding properties and have been shown to impair DNA damage repair pathways in P. falciparum. To test these hypotheses, we directly assayed substitution rates in a parasite line from the Thai-Cambodian border and a South American isolate, with and without chloroquine pressure. Sampling parasite DNA over a total of 760 generations (~4.2 years), we identified 17 mutations, producing an estimate of the substitution rate at 1.065x10^9 substitutions per site, per generation. We find that chloroquine pressure does not alter the mutation rate. We further find that substitutions accrued at an approximately 3-fold rate in the lines from Southeast Asia, a result which trended toward but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.056). We argue that this is insucient by itself to account for the rapidly increased rate at which ARMD parasites acquire drug resistance. By sequencing intermediate timepoints, we also characterize the dynamics of allele substitution in vitro.
In the second part of this thesis, we characterize Babesia microti by sequencing clinical isolates and enzootic strains. Since the first case in 1969 [36], human babesiosis due B. microti has emerged as important infection in the Northeast USA [84]. In order to characterize natural selection, recent evolutionary history, and the genetic architec ture of Babesia microti populations, we created a map of genetic diversity from clinical strains. We describe this map, and show that B. microti isolates from the Northeast USA possess a paucity of nucleotide diversity, consistent with very recent common ancestry of circulating strains. We describe how B. microti genomes display a predominance of rare alleles and a number of segregating sites in excess of pairwise nucleotide diversity, suggestive of a recent population expansion. Finally, we identify RPL4 as a candidate gene for azithromycin resistance based on a non-synonymous substitution that occurs in a highly conserved arginine in the azithromycin binding region of the L4 component of the 50S ribosomal subunit in a patient with azithromycin failure.
15
Ibrahim, Mohamed Ali. "Mycobacterium microti and vole tuberculosis : improved diagnostics and molecular epidemiology." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511057.
Повний текст джерела
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Mekada, Kazuyuki, Kazuhiro Koyasu, Masashi Harada, Yuichi Narita, Shrestha Krishna C, and Sen-Ichi Oda. "Karyotype and X-Y chromosome pairing in the Sikkim vole (Microtus (Neodon) sikimensis)." Cambridge University Press, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10266.
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Jacques, Jason Tarl. "Microtask design : value, engagement, context, and complexity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crowdsourcing and microtasks are a relatively new way to issue units of work to a large group of potential workers. This form of outsourcing to a vast on-demand workforce offers the potential to significantly change the way we work. But how can design impact how both the requester and the workforce interact and benefit from these tasks? This dissertation considers four aspects of microtask design: value, engagement, context, and complexity. Through four distinct, but highly related, investigations these four facets are ex- plored, analysed and synthesised into a considered review of microtask design. First we build a picture of the demographic and financial status of these crowdworkers by surveying the US-based crowdworker labour-force on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. This improved understanding of the value of crowd work, not just to requesters but to workers as well, is crucial to appropriately listing tasks in a commoditised labour market. Second, worker engagement is also a significant factor, not just in quality and cost, but also in uptake and effective completion speed. By introducing a new metric, conversion rate, and contrasting a variety of differing presentational and conceptual features across two demographics, we demonstrate an improved understanding of how tasks engage workers. The increasing use of mobile devices, including among crowdworkers, offers new opportunities to collect additional context about worker behaviour. Enhancing the data gathered by requesters can be used, not only to improve quality, but also to expand the types of tasks which can be effectively crowdsourced. This third contribution highlights enthusiasm by some workers for mobile tasks, and demon- strates how previously small-scale sensor-based data collection can increasingly be carried out by the crowd. Finally, the boundary between microtasks and macrotasks is investigated. Exploring how complex tasks, such as software development, can be successfully crowdsourced offers insight into how task design can influence suitability of these larger tasks on microtask markets.
18
James, Allison Melissa. "Babesia microti cysteine protease-1 as a target for vaccine development." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4192.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Babesia species have a worldwide distribution, affecting a wide range of mammalian
hosts. The major route of transmission is inoculation by an infected Ixodid tick. Babesia
species of major economic concern are those that cause bovine and equine babesiosis.
Historically, bovine Babesia species, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina caused
significant economic losses in the United States in the 1860âÂÂs, as thousands of cattle
died. Also, outbreaks of equine babesiosis, caused by Babesia equi or Babesia caballi,
have occurred in the United States resulting in the death of some horses and millions of
dollars in losses. A constant risk of reinfection with bovine and equine Babesia species
exists, as stray and smuggled animals from Mexico, where bovine babesiosis is endemic,
may carry infected ticks as they cross the border, and, thousands of horses from B. equiand
B. caballi-endemic regions are imported through Florida every year.
Vaccines have been developed for a number of Babesia species, none of which result
in sterile immunity. The live attenuated vaccine is the most commonly used vaccine
against Babesia species. However, the basis for the vaccine is to maintain a carrier state in order to prevent disease. Other vaccine designs have been developed to invoke
protection without a carrier state but have been unsuccessful.
It has been shown that the cysteine protease is important in the life cycle of a number
of parasitic organisms, making it a good target for vaccine development. The vaccine
design for this study incorporated the cysteine protease of Babesia microti. Babesia
microti naturally infects Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) and is the major
cause of human babesiosis in the United States. Using B. microti in the vaccine design
allowed for the use of a mouse model to determine whether the cysteine protease of
other economically important Babesia species may make a good vaccine target. The
vaccine design incorporated a prime-boost strategy, priming with DNA encoding the
cysteine protease and boosting two times with either DNA encoding the cysteine
protease or cysteine protease peptide, followed by parasite challenge. Analysis of daily
percent parasitemias, packed cell volume, and seroconversion of all groups revealed that
a protective immune response against B. microti was not elicited by this vaccine strategy.
19
MISCHEL, ISABELLE. "La babesiose humaine." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15037.
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Tinney, Gregory Michael. "The structure and function of the gametes of the striped field mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was initiated in an attempt toadd the four-striped field mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) to the small group of mammals that are used to study and develop assisted reproductive technologies. To accomplish this, a complete knowledge of both the male and female gametes was necessary, as well as a repeatable and successful IVF protocol. The gametes of the field mouse, both the falciformspermand the mature oocytes, were shown to be similar in several respects to those of many other rodent species. The induction of both the capacitated state and the acrosome reaction in the sperm were readily achieved. The success of retrieving mature oocytes was very low, with the rare occurrence of polar bodies within ovulated oocytes. The difficulties with oocytes was either related to the lack of a regular oestrous cycle, or to the hormonal regime used to induce superovulation. Although several protocols were used to accomplish superovulation in this species, it was seldom achieved. In in vitro fertilization trials, sperm were found to attach to both the cumulus oophorus and the zona pellucida of the oocytes. However, fertilization was never accomplished. This failure to achieve fertilization was probably related to the immaturity of the oocytes. Without further studies on Rhabdomys pumilio and further attempts at accomplishing in vitro fertilization, it would seem that this species would not easily be introduced as an animalmodelfor assisted reproduction.
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Johnson, Thomas James Scherer Axel Painter Oskar J. "Silicon Microdisk Resonators for Nonlinear Optics and Dynamics /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03232009-120417.
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Robinson, Joshua J. "Phylogeographic analysis of the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1595600090967193.
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Depoix, Delphine. "Analyse chromosomique du génome de Babesia (B. Canis, B. Divergens, B. Microti)." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le génome des Babesia, hémoprotozoaires parasites du phylum des Apicomplexa, étant largement méconnu, nous avons effectué une approche chromosomique par PFGE, suivie d'expériences d'hybridation moléculaire du génome de l'espèce canine B. Canis mondialement répandue, de l'espèce bovine européenne B. Divergens et de l'espèce murine B. Microti (Theileria microti), principal agent de la babéiose humaine aux U. S. A. . L'utilisation d'une sonde télomérique dérivée du génome de Plasmodium berghei et de sondes spécifiques du génome des espèces étudiées, a permis de déterminer la taille du génome, le nombre de chromosomes et d'analyser le polymorphisme caryotypique de chacune d'elles. Ainsi, l'étude du génome de B. Divergens, à travers 7 isolats des deux sous-espèces canines les plus pathogènes i. E. B. Canis canis (Europe) et B. Canis rossi (Afrique du sud), a mis en évidence 5 chromosomes pour un génome estimé à 14,5 Mpb et 16 Mpb, respectivement. Toutefois, l'analyse comparée de l'organisation télomérique possible et du contenu génique de ces deux sous-espèces a montré qu'il existait autant de différences entre celles-ci qu'entre chacune d'elles et l'espèce B. Divergens. Le génome de B. Microti estimé à 6,5 Mpb pour 4 chromosomes, apparaît quant à lui comme le plus petit génome de Babesia décrit. Enfin, cette analyse chromosomique a permis de démontrer que les gènes Bd37 sont localisés sur le chromosome 2 de B. Divergens, tandis que ceux de la famille Bc3. 1 seraient localisés sur les 5 chromosomes de B. Canis. L'analyse du polymorphisme des deux membres de la famille Bc3. 1 indique un polymorphisme important entre les extrémités 3' des deux copies et une grande conservation de ces deux copies entre isolats géographiquement distants.
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Delsol, Cédric. "Le Génome mitochondrial des Mammifères et les données moléculaires hypervariables dans la description de l'histoire évolutive des Arvicolinae." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20190/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'acquisition, en laboratoire, des génomes mitochondriaux complets de plusieurs espèces de rongeurs Arvicolinae permet la définition de l'histoire évolutive du groupe dans un cadre évolutif et temporel. Ces relations phylogénétiques sont inférés sur un grand nombre de caractères (16000 pb), grâce à des méthodes d'analyses statistiques novatrices.La base de données moléculaires constituée représente un échantillon de génomes mitochondriaux à évolution dite "rapide", ouvrant des perspectives quant à la description des points chauds mutationnels dans des études de génomique comparative, et permettant d'identifier plus globalement la source de l'hétérogénéité des taux de substitution mitochondriale au sein des génomes mitochondriaux des MammifèresExperimental acquisition of complete mitochondrial genome for several Arvicolinae species allows defining evolutionary history of the group in evolutionary and temporal frames. These phylogenetic relationships are inferred on a great number of characters (16000 bp), thanks to innovator statistical analysis methods.Constituted molecular data set represents a sample of "fast evolving" mitochondrial genomes, and allows describing mutational hots spots in comparative genomic studies, and identifying globally the origin of mitochondrial substitution rate heterogeneity detected in Mammalian mitochondrial genomes
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Salo, Allen L. "Studies of general and sexual development in voles (Microtus)." Gainesville, FL, 1992. http://www.archive.org/details/studiesofgeneral00salo.
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26
Amarnath, Kuldeep. "Active microring and microdisk optical resonators on indium phosphide." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Gomes, Luís Alexandre Piteira. "Função das marcas odoríferas em microtus cabrerae (Thomas, 1906)." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A marcação odorífera é uma forma de comunicação química levada a cabo por diversas espécies de animais terrestres, que implica a deposição de fezes, urina e/ou secreções anogenitais sobre o substrato. O objetivo principal desta tese é reconhecer a existência de marcação odorífera pelo rato de Cabrera e identificar as suas principais funções. Nesta espécie foram identificadas duas funções principais: (1) aumentar a probabilidade de encontrar um parceiro para acasalar, mostrando a sua disponibilidade e/ou proximidade a conspecíficos do sexo oposto; (2) alertar conspecíficos para o aumento de risco de predação num determinado local. Em ambas, as marcas de urina são as únicas envolvidas, não ocorrendo diferenças na marcação entre géneros. Ambos os sexos parecem estabelecer vínculo de casal, sendo que nestas condições, suprimem a marcação associada ao aumento da probabilidade de acasalamento, o que sugere uma elevada plasticidade intraespecífica do comportamento de marcação odorífera; ABSTRACT: Scent-marking is a form of chemical communication used by several terrestrial species that typically involve the deposition of faeces, urine and/or anogenital secretions on the substrate. The main goal of this thesis is to describe the use of scent-marking in Cabrera voles (Microtus cabrerae) and indentify its main purposes. Two main scent-marking functions were identified: (1) increase mate-finding likelihood, by advertising its availability to mate and/or its presence in a nearby area; (2) alerting conspecifics of the increased predatory risk over a specific area. Only urine scent-marks were involved in both functions, and no differences were detected between genders. Both sex individuals seem to suppress mate-finding scent-marking when pair bonded with an opposite-sex conspecific, which suggests a relative high intraspecific plasticity of scent-marking behaviour.
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MacKinnon, James L. "Spatial dynamics of cyclic field vole, Microtus agrestis, populations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU483789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. Many ecologists have recently advocated the study of spatial patterns of abundance or growth rates as a means of better understanding population dynamics. In this study I described the spatial pattern of abundance of the field vole, Microtus agrestis, which has previously been shown to have cyclic temporal fluctuations of abundance in my study area in Kielder Forest, northern England. A combination of techniques was then used to investigate which processes determine the spatial pattern of dynamics in these vole populations.2. Previous analysis of spatial patterns in density of field voles from an area of approximately 80 km2 within Kielder forest over a 13-year period indicate that density varies as a periodic travelling wave moving across the landscape. I collected data on vole density from a larger area (approximately 600 km2) over a 2.5-year period and used the same analysis to show that the spatio-temporal variation in density was well explained by a travelling wave of density moving across the entire region. Estimates of the wave's speed of 14 kmyr-1 and direction of 66° from north were consistent with the estimates obtained from the data set covering a smaller spatial extent but spanning a longer temporal scale.3. Processes that determine population abundance do so by acting on vital demographic rates. Spatial patterns in demographic rates were therefore described to help identify potential causes of the spatial patterns of density. Eight 0.3 ha live-trapping grids were established within the study area and animals were trapped at monthly intervals during a period of extended low density and during a period of increasing densities. Capture-mark-recapture techniques were used to estimate abundance, juvenile recruitment rate, apparent survival rate and immigration rate at these sampling sites. The synchrony of changes in these parameters between sites was measured as the cross-correlation coefficient between the time series of each parameter and the spatial patterns in the synchrony of each demographic rate were described using Mantel correlations. Field vole abundance, juvenile recruitment rate and a derived estimate of mortality rate were most synchronous between the closest sites, however no directionality was found in these patterns and they could not therefore be related to the travelling wave pattern of density. I concluded that the process responsible for the wave probably only acted during the period of declining density and that therefore the factors causing spatial patterns in abundance could differ at different stages of the population cycle.
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Liesenjohann, Thilo. "Foraging in space and time." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4856/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All animals are adapted to the environmental conditions of the habitat they chose to live in. It was the aim of this PhD-project, to show which behavioral strategies are expressed as mechanisms to cope with the constraints, which contribute to the natural selection pressure acting on individuals. For this purpose, small mammals were exposed to different levels and types of predation risk while actively foraging. Individuals were either exposed to different predator types (airborne or ground) or combinations of both, or to indirect predators (nest predators). Risk was assumed to be distributed homogeneously, so changing the habitat or temporal adaptations where not regarded as potential options. Results show that wild-caught voles have strategic answers to this homogeneously distributed risk, which is perceived by tactile, olfactory or acoustic cues. Thus, they do not have to know an absolut quality (e.g., in terms of food provisioning and risk levels of all possible habitats), but they can adapt their behavior to the actual circumstances. Deriving risk uniform levels from cues and adjusting activity levels to the perceived risk is an option to deal with predators of the same size or with unforeseeable attack rates. Experiments showed that as long as there are no safe places or times, it is best to reduce activity and behave as inconspicuous as possible as long as the costs of missed opportunities do not exceed the benefits of a higher survival probability. Test showed that these costs apparently grow faster for males than for females, especially in times of inactivity. This is supported by strong predatory pressure on the most active groups of rodents (young males, sexually active or dispersers) leading to extremely female-biased operative sex ratios in natural populations.
Other groups of animals, those with parental duties such as nest guarding, for example, have to deal with the actual risk in their habitat as well. Strategies to indirect predation pressure were tested by using bank vole mothers, confronted with a nest predator that posed no actual threat to themselves but to their young (Sorex araneus). They reduced travelling and concentrated their effort in the presence of shrews, independent of the different nutritional provisioning of food by varying resource levels due to the different seasons. Additionally, they exhibited nest-guarding strategies by not foraging in the vicinity of the nest site in order to reduce conspicuous scent marks. The repetition of the experiment in summer and autumn showed that changing environmental constraints can have a severe impact on results of outdoor studies. In our case, changing resource levels changed the type of interaction between the two species.
The experiments show that it is important to analyze decision making and optimality models on an individual level, and, when that is not possible (maybe because of the constraints of field work), groups of animals should be classified by using the least common denominator that can be identified (such as sex, age, origin or kinship). This will control for the effects of the sex or stage of life history or the individual´s reproductive and nutritional status on decision making and will narrow the wide behavioral variability associated with the complex term of optimality.Das Verhalten von Tieren ist das Ergebnis eines kontinuierlichen Anpassungsprozesses im Laufe der Evolution einer Art und damit der Veränderung der Umgebung in der es lebt und der Interaktion mit anderen Arten. Dies wird besonders deutlich im Verhalten von potentiellen Beutetieren, ihre Strategien beinhalten meist ein möglichst unauffälliges Verhalten im Zusammenspiel mit reduzierter Bewegung und möglichst guter Tarnung. Dementgegen stehen essentielle Bedürfnisse, wie zum Beispiel die Nahrungssuche, die Verteidigung von Ressourcen (zum Beispiel Territorien, Futterstellen) und die Suche nach Paarungspartnern. Beutetiere leben also in einem Spannungsfeld indem sie Ihr Verhalten optimieren müssen. Hierbei stehen die Ernährung, erfolgreiche Verpaarung und andere Chancen auf der einen Seite, die Vermeidung von Begegnungen mit Prädatoren auf der anderen. Vor allem Kleinsäuger sind häufig als Beutetiere mit einer Vielzahl von Prädatoren aus der Luft und auf dem Boden konfrontiert. Sie müssen für die verschiedenen Bedrohungen adaptive Verhaltensanpassungen bereit haben und in der Lage sein, auf die optischen, olfaktorischen oder akustischen Signale, die die Gefahr durch Prädatoren anzeigen, mit plastischen Verhaltensmustern zu reagieren. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit bisher als Konstanten behandelten Faktoren und untersucht anhand von Verhaltensexperimenten mit wilden Wühlmäusen (Microtus arvalis) folgende Fragestellungen: - Wie verhalten sich Tiere, die einer homogenen Risikoverteilung ausgesetzt sind, zum Beispiel weil ihr Prädator genauso gross ist wie sie, im gleichen Habitat lebt und es keinen sicheren Ort gibt? - Mit welchen Anpassungen reagieren Tiere, wenn sie gleichzeitig verschiedenen Prädatoren ausgesetzt sind? - Wie unterscheiden sich die Nahrungssuchstrategien von Männchen und Weibchen? - Wie verhalten sich laktierende Weibchen, die einer permanenten, indirekten Gefahr, z.B. durch einen Nestprädator ausgesetzt sind? Die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Versuche in künstlichen Arenen und Aussengehegen zeigen, dass die Mäuse in der Lage sind, adaptive Verhaltensanpassung an homogenes Risiko und verschiedene Prädationstypen abzurufen. So sind sie in der Lage, Luft- von Bodenprädatoren zu unterscheiden und jeweils das Verhalten zu zeigen, dass die größtmögliche Sicherheit mit sich bringt. Die simultane Kombination von verschiedenen Prädatoren bewirkt hierbei additive Effekte. Gibt es keine Auswahl zwischen Habitaten, sondern nur unterschiedliche homogene Risikolevel, reagieren sie auf steigendes Risiko immer mit verminderter Aktivität und konzentrieren ihre Nahrungssuche auf weniger Futterstellen, beuten diese dafür jedoch länger aus. Die Wertigkeit von Futterstellen und alternativen Optionen verändert sich also mit dem Risikolevel. Ähnliches zeigt sich auch in den unterschiedlichen Futtersuchstrategien von Männchen und Weibchen. Die untersuchte Art ist polygyn und multivoltin, dementsprechend verbinden die Männchen mit ihrer Nahrungssuche Aktivitäten wie die Suche nach Paarungspartnern und unterscheiden sich die Aktivitätsmuster zwischen Männchen und Weibchen. Zusätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse, das laktierende Weibchen in der Lage sind, das Risiko für sich und für Ihre Jungen abzuschätzen, wenn sie mit einem Nestprädator (Sorex araneus) konfrontiert werden. Für die Interaktion zwischen diesen beiden Arten ist jedoch die Saison (und damit die Ressourcenlage), in der sie sich begegnen, von entscheidender Bedeutung. Wühlmäuse reagieren mit entsprechenden Verhaltensanpassungen zum Schutz des Nestes um die Überlebenschancen ihrer letzten Würfe im Herbst zu erhöhen. Die vorliegende Arbeit konnte grundsätzliche Probleme der antiprädatorischen Verhaltensanpassung von Beutetieren klären und wichtige Faktoren der Entscheidungsfindung unter Prädationsdruck analysieren. Sie zeigt, dass Tiere das Risiko in ihrer Umgebung nicht unbedingt über direkt Signale wahrnehmen, sondern ihre Verhaltensstrategien einem empfundenen Gesamtrisikolevel anpassen. Dies ermöglicht ihnen, adaptive Strategien zu verfolgen, auch wenn sie keine Auswahl an sicheren Habitaten haben. Sie zeigt auch die unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung von Risiken durch Männchen und Weibchen, die durch die unterschiedlichen mit der Aktivität zusätzlich wahrgenommenen Chancen verknüpft zu sein scheint. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss des reproduktiven Status (z.B. laktierend), sowie der Ressourcenlage (z. B. je nach Saison) nachgewiesen.
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Ferkin, Michael H. "Odor preference and social behavior in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus." Thesis, Boston University, 1989. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Seasonal differences in odor preference and social behavior existed among adult meadow voles. During the breeding season, a female preferred its own odor and the odor of males to the odor of another females. Males preferred the odor of females to the odor of other males. Paired encounters between breeding females were more agonistic than encounters between males or encounters between males and females. During the nonbreeding season, a female preferred the the odor of another female to the odor of males. Males did not display an odor preference for any conspecifics. Paired encounters between males were more agonistic than encounters between males and females or encounters between females. Encounters between nonbreeding females contained few agonistic acts. Seasonal differences also existed in the interactions between adults and juveniles. During the early breeding season, adult males were more agonistic than adult females toward juvenile males. During the late breeding season, adult females were more agonistic than adult males toward juvenile males. Encounters between an adult female and a juvenile female in the late breeding season contained few agonistic acts, indicating that overwintering groups are female-biased, and contain juvenile females. Juveniles did not display a shift in odor preferences. They preferred the odor of opposite-sex adults to the odor of same-sex adults, regardless of season. Familiarity, through association during rearing, reduced agonistic behavior between parents and young, and between siblings. Paired encounters between close-kin that were not familiar were agonistic, and similar to encounters between unfamiliar, and unrelated conspecifics. Conspecifics were more agonistic toward closely related males than females. Voles also preferred the odor of a familiar nestmate, independently of genetic relatedness. Familiarity decreased the number of agonistic behaviors between adult females, but increased the number of agonistic behaviors between adult males. Familiarity had no effect on the number of agonistic behaviors between a male and a female.
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31
Jackson, Claire. "Aspects of reproduction in the four-striped field mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005319.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rhabdomys pumilio, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, does not use short day length as an inhibitory cue for reproductive activity, and, despite previous records indicating that these mice are strictly seasonal in their reproduction, litters have been found during the winters of some years,both in the Eastern Cape and in the Western Cape. This led me to believe that the reproductive activity of Rhabdomys pumilio is more opportunistic and that the cue or cues used to control reproduction are less predictable and, or more variable than the photoperiod cue used by many seasonally reproducing rodents. Two experiments were conducted, investigating the influence of low ambient temperature (15⁰C)and reduced food availability on the reproductive activity of both male and female four striped field mice. Mice were maintained in one of four conditions (food restricted at 15⁰C, food restricted at 26⁰C, ad lib. food at 15⁰C, and ad lib. food at 26⁰C) for 4 (males) and 8 weeks (females)(photoperiod 12L:12D, humidity 40%). Results indicated that the males reduced their reproductive activity slightly when exposed to either low temperature or low food availability and that maximum inhibition of reproduction occurred when mice were exposed to both low temperature and low food availability. However, female reproductive activity was inhibited when exposed to low food availability, irrespective of the temperature. Both sexes of mice showed varying abilities to resist fat loss and, in the males, the size of the fat store had a significant effect on reproduction. This varying ability to resist fat loss could be related to levels of activity and in the females (where activity was quantified), high activity scores were significantly associated with reproductive inhibition. These results support the hypothesis that reproduction in Rhabdomys pumilio is opportunistic and controlled by the availability of energy. I propose that the females will be more sensitive to reproductive inhibition due to their far greater post-fertilization responsibilities, where the reproductive activity of the females is rapidly inhibited by a reduction in food availability, while the males are less readily inhibited by low food availability or low temperature, unless the change in the controlling factors is severe enough, or prolonged, at which stage their reproductive activity will cease. The significance of opportunistic reproduction in the seasonal but unpredictable climate of the study area is discussed.
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Luzi, Elisa. "Morphological And Morphometric Variations In Middle And Late Pleistocene Microtus Arvalis And Microtus Agrestis Populations: Chronological Insight, Evolutionary Trends And Palaeoclimatic And Palaeoenvironmental Inferences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Per aquesta tesi doctoral, les poblacions de M. arvalis i M. agrestis procedents de 13 jaciments de la Península Ibèrica, 14 de la Península italiana, nou de la Conca dels Càrpats, tres de Croàcia i dos de Bèlgica han estat analitzats des d'un punt de vista morfològic i morfomètric. Aquest estudi s'ha realitzat per tal d' accentuar similituds i diferències entre les poblacions d'ambdós especies, possibles patrons d'evolució comuns i la influència de les condicions climàtiques i ambientals sobre les seves variacions poblacionals. Comparant material de diferents cronologies i diferents procedències geogràfiques, s'han pogut refinar les atribucions cronològiques dels jaciments paleontològics i arqueològics de la regió mediterrània i identificar llinatges divergents, signes inicials d'especiació, esdeveniments de migració i desplaçament de poblacions. A més, es proposa l'ús d'un nou índex, Lagr / Larv, per quantificar les variacions entre si en la talla de M. agrestis i M. arvalis. Aquest índex ha demostrat ser un excel·lent indicador del nivell general d'humitat i permet detectar oscil·lacions i variacions en les condicions ambientals en l'entorn d'un jaciment determinat.Para esta tesis doctoral, las poblaciones de M. arvalis y M. agrestis del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior procedentes de 13 yacimientos de la Península Ibérica, 14 de la Península Italiana, nueve de la Cuenca de los Cárpatos, tres de Croacia y dos de Bélgica han sido analizadas desde una perspectiva morfológica y desde un punto de vista morfométrico. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo con la finalidad de destacar las similitudes y diferencias entre las diferentes poblaciones de ambas especies, posibles patrones comunes de evolución y la influencia de las condiciones climáticas y ambientales en sus variaciones poblacionales. Comparando material de diferentes cronologías y diferente procedencia geográfica, ha sido posible refinar las atribuciones cronológicas de los yacimientos paleontológicos y arqueológicos de la región mediterránea e identificar linajes divergentes, muestras tempranas de especiación, eventos de migración y desplazamiento de poblaciones. Además, proponemos el uso de un nuevo índice, Lagr / Larv, para cuantificar las variaciones entre sí del tamaño de M. agrestis y M. arvalis. Este índice ha demostrado ser un excelente indicador del nivel general de humedad y, permite detectar oscilaciones y variaciones en las condiciones ambientales en los alrededores de un yacimiento determinado.
For this PhD thesis, Middle and Late Pleistocene populations of M. arvalis and M. agrestis coming from 13 sites of the Iberian Peninsula,14 sites of the Italian Peninsula, nine of the Carpathian Basin, three of Croatia and two of Belgium were analysed from a morphological and morphometric point of view, in order to underlie similarities and differences among them, possible common patterns of evolution and the influence of climatic and environmental conditions on their variations. Comparing samples from different chronologies and different geographic provenance, it was possible to refine the chronological attributions of palaeontological and archaeological sites of the Mediterranean region and to identify divergent lineages, early signs of speciation, immigration events and displacement of populations. Furthermore, we propose the use of a new index, Lagr/Larv, to quantify the variations in size of M. agrestis and M. arvalis in relation to each other. This index proved to be an excellent indicator of the general humidity level and allow to detect oscillations and variations in the environmental conditions in the surroundings of a given sites.
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Debas, Hélène. "Émulsification en systèmes microstructurés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL075N/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse, intitulée « Emulsification en systèmes microstructurés », s’inscrit au sein de la tâche « Emulsification contrôlée » du projet européen IMPULSE. Deux micromélangeurs en acier inoxydable, un V-type et un Caterpillar, ont été testés en utilisant un pilote d’émulsification continue. Ces dispositifs conçus en acier inoxydable et fonctionnant comme des boîtes noires, des micromélangeurs transparents ont ensuite été utilisés afin de comprendre leurs mécanismes d’émulsification. Les paramètres-clés intervenant dans la formation de gouttes à un orifice à l’échelle macroscopique ont dans un premier temps été identifiés. A l’échelle microscopique, la formation des gouttelettes dans le micromélangeur V-type est issue de la mise en contact des jets des phases aqueuse et organique formés à la sortie de ce dispositif et d’un phénomène élongationnel avec des instabilités interfaciales. Dans le cas du Caterpillar, la taille des gouttelettes dépend de la géométrie interne des éléments en série de ce micromélangeur. La formation des gouttelettes est issue d’un phénomène de cisaillement au niveau de la jonction en Y. La réduction de la taille de ces gouttelettes est ensuite due à leur passage dans les éléments de mélange. L’utilisation de micromélangeurs transparents a, quant à elle, permis de caractériser davantage ces deux micromélangeurs par micro-PIV et caméra rapide. Enfin, une dépendance du diamètre des gouttelettes par rapport à l’énergie dissipée est constatée pour le Caterpillar mais par pour le V-type. L’énergie dissipée dans ces deux micromélangeurs semble être moindre et les émulsions formées de meilleure qualité par rapport aux procédés classiques d’émulsificationThis thesis, entitled “Emulsification in micromixers” was carried out within the framework of the Task “Controlled Emulsification” of the European IMPULSE project. Two micromixers in stainless steel, the V-type and the Caterpillar, were tested in an experimental setup. These microdevices working as black boxes, transparent micromixers were used after to gain insight into the fundamental mechanisms for emulsification. Firstly, the key parameters enabling the drop formation at macroscopic scale were identified. At microscopic scale, the droplet formation in the V-type micromixer results from the contact of aqueous and organic phases jets at the outlet of the microdevice and from elongational phenomena with interfacial instabilities. In the case of the Caterpillar, the droplets size depends on the internal geometry of the microdevice. The droplet formation can be mainly attributed to the shearing phenomena at the Y-junction. The decrease of the droplets’ size is then due to their passage through the mixing elements in series in the outlet channel. Moreover, the use of transparent micromixers allows to characterize these two micromixers by the micro-PIV and high speed camera. A straightforward relationship between the energy dissipation and the size of droplets was established for the Caterpillar, but not for the V-type. Moreover, the energy dissipation within these two micromixers is lower and the emulsions obtained having a more satisfactory quality than in the case of the classical emulsification processes
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Hazelton, Julie L. "Neuronal activation following cohabitation in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Koseki, Shinichi. "Monolithic waveguide coupled GaAs microdisk microcavity containing ingaas quantum dots /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Woolridge, Daniel 'Shane'. "An Open Architecture Approach to Networked Telemetry System." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605942.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaWhen designing data transport systems, Telemetry and Communications engineers always face the risk that their chosen hardware will not be available or supported soon after the hardware has been installed. The best way to reduce this risk and ensure the longevity of the system is to select an open architecture standard that is supported by multiple manufacturers. This open architecture should also have the ability to be easily upgraded and provide for all of the features and flexibility that are required to be a reliable carrier-grade edge-device. The PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG) developed the MicroTCA open standard to address the specific needs of these Communications and Network System Engineers. This paper describes the MicroTCA architecture and how it can be applied as the ideal edge-device solution for Networked Telemetry Systems applications.
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Gadiraju, Ujwal [Verfasser]. "It's getting crowded! : improving the effectiveness of microtask crowdsourcing / Ujwal Gadiraju." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150184809/34.
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Collin, Frederic. "Fragments of microcin B17 as a source of new topoisomerase inhibitors." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/35074/.
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Parks, William Matthew. "The interaction between DNA gyrase and the peptide antibiotic Microcin B17." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426951.
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ŤÁPAL, Jiří. "Optimalizace přenosového modelu \kur{Babesia microti}." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251671.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Babesia microti is the most common causative agent of human babesiosis which is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus in Europe. Due to the increasing number of cases of human babesiosis there is a growing public concern about this disease. So far there has not been established transmission model for Babesia sp. in the tick I. ricinus. This thesis addresses successful implementation of the transmission model of B. microti in I. ricinus, localization of the parasite in tick tissues and its transmission to the laboratory mice.
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李鎮安, Cheng-an Lee, and 李鎮安. "Tunable LiNbO3 Microdisk Resonators." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u69a3y.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電工程系研究所
101
This thesis studies the tuning characteristics of the microdisk device produced on the –z face of LiNbO3 by thermo-optic effect and the fabrication the undercut microdisk structure on the +z face of LiNbO3. The influences of the parameters on the device characteristics and the produced structures are discussed. For the first studied topic, it is found that the 40μm-diameter microdisk device has the quality factor as high as 5.8×10^4, which is three times higher than the 20μm-diameter one. The thermo-optic tuning characteristics of the 40μm-diameter microdisk device show that the temperature increase causes the resonant wavelength to have a red shift, which is the same as theoretical inference. In the wavelength range from 1535nm to 1560nm, the thermo-optic tuning rates for the three resonant modes were 21.5pm/°C, 22.2pm/°C and 22.6pm/°C. For the second studied topic, the fabrication techniques, including proton exchange, ion implantation, and wet etching, are used to produce the undercut microdisk structure on the +z face of LiNbO3. The proton-exchanged region can be etched by HF acid. When the etching depth achieves the depth of ion implantation, the etching would proceed laterally and the undercut microdisk structure is formed. Because the bottom face of the microdisk is the -z face of LiNbO3, which is easily etched by HF acid, the microdisk diameter would become smaller during the etching process. The hexagon shape of the microdisk structure is caused by the dependence of the etching rate on the lattice plane in LiNbO3.
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Bond, Monica L. "Density, sex ratio, and space use in the gray-tailed vole, Microtus canicaudus." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33372.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Female and male mammals have different behavioral strategies for maximizing their
reproductive success. Pregnancy and lactation obligate female mammals to provide greater
parental investment than males; thus, females compete with each other for food and space to
rear their offspring, while male mammals compete with each other for female mates.
Therefore, natural selection should favor any behavior among females that increases their
access to food and space to rear successful offspring and any behavior among males that
increases their access to females. In two enclosure experiments, the gray-tailed vole,
Microtus canicaudus, was used as a model species to study (1) the relative influence of male
competition versus access to females on space use by males and (2) facultative sex-ratio
adjustment at the population level in response to low and high population densities, skewed
adult sex ratios, and season.
Home-range sizes of male voles did not appear to expand beyond an overlap with
about five members of either sex. Intrasexual competition with 3-4 males and/or overlap
with five females appear to set the upper limits to home-range size. Space use by males is
influenced by intrasexual competition and by access to females with an upper limit of overlap
with either sex. Additionally, facultative sex-ratio adjustment in response to changing
population densities and skewing adult sex ratios did not occur, but a seasonal effect was
detected with significantly more males produced in autumn than in spring. Under the
conditions of this experimental study, I was not able to measure sex ratios of individual
litters, but if any sex-ratio adjustment occurred in response to densities and adult sex ratios, it
was not detectable at the population level.Graduation date: 1999
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Dalton, Christine L. "Effects of female kin groups on reproduction and demography in the gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus)." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 3-5 year cyclical fluctuations in populations of many vole and lemming species have perplexed ecologists for many years. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain microtine rodent cycles, including various aspects of social behavior. Microtine rodents commonly form kin groups composed of related females. Charnov and Finerty (1980) proposed that the formation and breakup of kin groups could, in part, explain the rates of population increase and decline associated with cycles. My experiment sought to determine if kin groups provided population-level benefits in gray-tailed voles, Microtus canicaudus. I compared unmanipulated populations with populations in which kin-structuring was experimentally disrupted to determine if kin groups affected population growth rates and size, reproduction, pregnancy and lactation rates, and recruitment, movement and survival of juveniles. I monitored demography and reproductive behavior in eight
0.2 ha experimental enclosures during a summer breeding season.
I found no differences in demographic or female reproductive parameters between control and treatment enclosures, with the exception of a delayed time to first pregnancy for females introduced into the treatment
enclosures. In addition, I found no differences in the time to sexual maturation or dispersal movements of juvenile males between control and treatment enclosures. I conclude that disrupting the formation of kin groups does not adversely affect demographic or reproductive parameters at the population-level in gray-tailed voles, and suggest that the contribution of kin groups to social behaviors that may affect population regulation is probably quite small.Graduation date: 1998
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Huang, Yu-Long, and 黃玉龍. "The Manufacture of microdisk tool by EDM and the Application of microdisk tool." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04137710218707985677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系碩士班
92
This paper was divided into two parts：the process of manufacturing micro-tool and the application of inventing stopping pin. The make of the tool adopted WEDG (Wire Electrical Discharge Grinding) and used the way of shifting two disks. Therefore, it can easily control the angle of the knife of micro-milling tool. Now, micro-grinding and micro-milling tool (forty-eight teeth, knife of ninety and forty-five) have been successfully finished. The diameter of micro-grinding and micro-milling are 1.9mm and the width of them 8~15µm. Using micro-tool to machine Al. If enlarging the diameter of the knife, increasing the numbers of teeth, and cooperating with high spin which can increase the speed of tangent, the removal of materials and surface quality can be raised largely. Besides, cross and the pin of multi-disk have been successfully make. The micro-structure of these pins can be divided into liquid tank (the pin of cross and the pin of multi-disks) and micro-slit (one step and two step). Micro-tool has been applied in machining micro-slit of the pin. The upper width of micro-tank is 25~30µm, the lower width of it is 10~15µm, the depth of it is 20µm, and the length of it is 2.5mm. These pins proceeded the test in lab：the cross of the pin got above 400 dots once and the pin of multi-disks got 100~140 dots. The diameter of these dots is 20~50µm.
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ŠNEBERGEROVÁ, Pavla. "Study of \kur{Babesia microti} acquisition by ticks." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Acquisition of the apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti by the tick host has not been intensively investigated so far. To address this circumstance, AMA-1 (Apical membrane antigen-1) known to participate in host cell invasion, and sexual stage-specific protein CCp2 were selected as potential markers of B. microti developmental stages inside the tick host. In line with previous research, AMA-1 has been validated by indirect immunofluorescence as a specific antigen of B. microti invasive stages in vertebrate host blood. In addition, the immunogenic potential of this protein was confirmed. Despite the ama-1 gene expression was examined in tick organs, AMA-1 protein was not detected in parasite stages - presumably kinetes - observed in epithelial cells of the tick gut wall. Therefore, AMA-1 protein does not appear to be a suitable universal marker of B. microti invasive stages in the tick. The ccp2 gene expression was confirmed also in the tick tissues and indicates the presence of the sexual stages in the gut lumen. Yet, the specificity of CCp2 protein as a marker for B. microti sexual stages needs to be further investigated.
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Evangelista, Rafaela Rodrigues. "Microtia: estado da arte na reconstrução do pavilhão auricular." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/121317.
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Evangelista, Rafaela Rodrigues. "Microtia: estado da arte na reconstrução do pavilhão auricular." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/121317.
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Li, Xia. "Evanescent field coupled microdisk cavities." 2007. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2222/index.html.
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Hsing, Jin-Yuan, and 邢晉源. "InGaAs Quantum Dots Microdisk Lasers." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rbc3pd.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
101
This thesis describes the fabrication of microdisk lasers that contain gain materials with InGaAs quantum dots. The spontaneous emissions from the specific sizes of quantum dots are enhanced by the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of the microdisk cavity. First, the lasing wavelength range of InGaAs QDs microdisk cavities is examined. A series of microdisk lasers with diameters that vary in steps of 10 nm from 1.62 μm to 1.86 μm is used, which have a first-order WGM with m=8 enhance the ground state emission of quantum dots in the wavelength range from 1180 nm to 1263 nm. The width of continuous wavelength tuning range is about 80 nm. The lowest threshold power among these QD-containing microdisk lasers is only about 13 μW with a spontaneous emission factor β= 0.674. Second, the bonding and anti-bonding modes of vertically-coupled double microdisk cavities are investigated by utilizing the optical coupling between them. Vertically-coupled double microdisk lasers with three gaps of 100, 200, and 480 nm were fabricated. Room-temperature lasing spectra of the vertically-coupled double microdisks with three gaps but similar diameters around 1.9 μm were obtained. The threshold powers for gaps of 100 nm and 200 nm were approximately 70 μW and 50 μW, respectively. These devices are attractive for use in multiple terahertz light sources based on frequency difference generation. Third, a QD-containing disk cavity is placed on an AlAs/GaAs DBR substrate to develop a mechanically stable current injection structure. The thermo-optical coefficients of AlAs and GaAs for wavelengths around 1200 nm were determined to be 2.2105×10-4 nm/K and 2.8789×10-4 nm/K, respectively. Three emission peaks at 1040 nm, 1090 nm, and 1146 nm were obtained from a DBR-supporting microdisk laser with diameter D=2 μm at T=110 K. These emission peaks were also verified as the first-order WGMs with m=12, 13, and 14. Finally, the emission behaviors of microdisk lasers at T=80 K when a metal nanoparticle is on the top surface of the microdisk cavity are studied. Without the metal NP, the threshold power of the microdisk laser is around 635 μW for the first-order WGM with m=22 at λ=1160 nm. With the metal NP, the threshold power of the microdisk laser is increased to 2.45 mW for the first-order WGM with m=24 at λ=1098 nm.
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Lowry, Jennifer Marie. "Systematics of northeastern meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) subspecies, with emphasis on the island endemic (M.P. shattucki, Howe 1901) in Penobscot Bay, Maine /." 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?Cmd=abstract&ID=WEE2002-001.
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