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Статті в журналах з теми "Microstructural and mechanical characterizations"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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1

Solmaz, Mehmet, Hasan Kotan, Sabriye Açıkgöz, and Mehmet Bağcı. "Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Tests of Mill Rolls." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.204.

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In this study, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope (OM), microstructural characterizations of both the surfaces and deep microstructural characterization of the rolls were carried out from the outer layer to the inner layer and the matrix structure, carbide phases and graphite structures were depicted. The types of carbide phases present in the microstructure were determined using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The densities of the inner layer and the outer layer were calculated with the samples cut from the appropriate regions. Within the scope of mechanical tests, hardness test, compression and tensile tests and impact tests were applied to the samples prepared by cutting wire erosion from the appropriate area of the mill roll. The fracture surfaces obtained as a result of the impact test were analyzed by SEM and the fracture characteristics of the material were interpreted. Finally, wear tests were carried out at both room temperature and high temperature (150 ºC), and the wear resistance of the roll surface during use was determined for different temperatures.

2

Ferreira-Palma, Carlos, Héctor J. Dorantes-Rosales, Víctor M. López-Hirata, and Alberto A. Torres-Castillo. "Effect of Ag additions on the microstructure and phase transformations of Zn-22Al-2Cu (wt.%) alloy." International Journal of Materials Research 112, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-8009.

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Abstract The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties is studied for eutectoid Zn-22Al (wt.%) alloys modified with Cu and Ag. Three alloys with a Cu content of 2 wt.% and varying amounts of Ag were cast and hot-extruded. Different microstructural characteristics were induced by heat treatments: natural aging, artificial aging and furnace cooling. Structural and microstructural characterizations were carried out with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile testing. Dilatometry was used for determining the effects of composition on the transformation points. The addition of Ag increased the ε phase fraction and provided solid solution strengthening, improving the mechanical strength and reducing ductility. Ag additions also displaced the eutectoid reaction to higher temperatures. The microstructure of the matrix has proven to have a strong impact on mechanical properties. The naturally aged specimens presented the highest ductility and tensile strength; however, these properties are severely affected by aging. Lamellar microstructures present the lowest ductility and values of tensile strength between those of the natural and artificially-aged specimens.

3

Francisco, Fernanda Regina, Joao Roberto Moro, Evaldo Jose Corat, R. A. Campos, and Osmar Bagnato. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Diamonds Substrates Brazed with Active Filler Metal." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.254.

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This study aims to identify the effects caused by diffusion through heat treatment in diamonds, brazed components with metals and its effects on mechanical properties and microstructure. It will be used diamond films produced by CVD process, brazed by active filler metals with metallic substrate, using a high vacuum furnace at MAT / LNLS / CNPEM; the samples were heat treated in the atmosphere furnace at MAT too. The characterizations are carried out by hardness testing, vacuum sealing equipment at the MAT / LNLS / CNPEM facilities, and chemical and microstructural characterization will be performed using the scanning electron microscopes and EDS at LNNano / CNPEM.

4

Benlamnouar, Mohamed Farid, Mohamed Hadji, Riad Badji, Nabil Bensaid, Taher Saadi, Yazid Laib dit Laksir, and Sabah Senouci. "Optimization of TIG Welding Process Parameters for X70-304L Dissimilar Joint Using Taguchi Method." Solid State Phenomena 297 (September 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.297.51.

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The optimization of mechanical properties of the welded joints requires a statistical approach such as Taguchi experimental designs associated with experimental techniques and laboratory characterizations. The aim of this work is to propose a method of optimization of the mechanical performances of a TIG dissimilar welding of two grades of steels: a high strength low alloy steel X70 and an austenitic stainless steel 304L. The experimental designs were chosen according to the Taguchi method L9. The metallurgical characterization includes optical microscopy, SEM microscopy, EDX analyses and mechanical tests to establish a relationship between welding parameters, microstructures and mechanical behavior in different zones of a dissimilar weld joint. The results showed that the hardness is more strongly related to microstructural evolution than tensile strength of dissimilar joint. It was found that gas flow is the main significant TIG welding parameter affecting dissimilar weld characteristics.

5

Dos Santos, Silas Cardoso, Orlando Rodrigues Júnior, and Letícia Lucente Campos. "Formation and EPR response of europium-yttria micro rods." QUARKS: Brazilian Electronic Journal of Physics, Chemistry and Materials Science 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2674-9688.2019.v1.28229.

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Designing new materials with suitable dose-response efficiency is a great challenge in radiation dosimetry search. Yttria (Y2O3) has excellent optical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Besides, yttria exhibits crystal characteristics that provide insertion of other rare earths, forming innovative materials. Nevertheless, there are quite few studies on formation, microstructural and EPR response evaluation of yttria. This work reports the formation and EPR characterization of europium-yttria micro rods for radiation dosimetry. Ceramic rods obtained by sintering at 1600ºC/4h in air were exposed to gamma radiation with doses from 1Gy to 150kGy. Particle, microstructural and dosimetry characterizations were performed by PCS, XRD, SEM, OM, and EPR techniques. As sintered europium-yttrium rods exhibited dense microstructure (90% theoretical density) and linear EPR dose response behavior up to 10kGy. These results show that europium-yttria is a promising material for radiation dosimetry.

6

Sheng, Hua, Inge Uytdenhouwen, Guido Van Oost, and Jozef Vleugels. "Mechanical properties and microstructural characterizations of potassium doped tungsten." Nuclear Engineering and Design 246 (May 2012): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.10.008.

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7

Dzhurinskiy, Dmitry, Abhishek Babu, Stanislav Dautov, Anil Lama, and Mayuribala Mangrulkar. "Modification of Cold-Sprayed Cu-Al-Ni-Al2O3 Composite Coatings by Friction Stir Technique to Enhance Wear Resistance Performance." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081113.

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An innovative hybrid process combining two effective surface modification techniques, cold spray (CS) and friction stir processing (FSP), was proposed to refine the microstructure of Cu-Al-Ni-Al2O3 composite coating material. FSP was performed under constant rpm using extensive cooling conditions to remove heat generated during the operation. Microstructural characterizations such as optical micrography (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to evaluate the microstructural evolution of the coatings before and after FSP treatment. Mechanical characterizations such as microhardness and elastic modulus were measured using micro-depth sensing techniques. Furthermore, sliding wear tests were performed to study the wear resistance of the as-sprayed and processed coatings. The findings suggest that after FSP, there is an improvement in microstructure of the coating layers with the elimination of particle boundaries, micro-pores and micro-cracks, and processed coatings showed an improvement in mechanical properties. Furthermore, there was a slight reduction in the wear rate of the deposited CuAlNi-Al2O3 composite coatings. Among all the test coatings, friction stir processed S1 coating showed the lowest wear rate, which was an almost two times lower wear rate than its unprocessed counterparts.

8

Liu, Yuan, Qingqing Ding, Xiao Wei, Yuefei Zhang, Ze Zhang, and Hongbin Bei. "The Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Welded Ni-Based Hastelloy X Superalloy." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101336.

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The Hastelloy X superalloy is a widely used solid-solution Ni-based sheet alloy for gas turbines, aero-engine combustion chambers, and other hot-end components. To investigate the effect of microstructure, especially grain size, on its weldability, Hastelloy X alloy bars are homogenized, cold-rolled to thin sheets, and recrystallized under different conditions to obtain equiaxed grain microstructures with average grain sizes of ~5 μm, ~12 μm, and ~90 μm. The laser welding process is used for joining the alloy sheets, and then the alloy’s weldability is investigated through microstructural and mechanical property characterizations. The microstructures in weld consist of coarse columnar grains with dendrite, and grain sizes of these columnar grains are almost the same when grain size of Hastelloy X base metal increases from ~5 μm to ~90 μm. Moreover, although all welds exhibit lower yield strengths (YS), ultimate tensile strengths (UTS), and elongations to fracture (EF) than the base metal, the degrees of reduction in them become slight when the grain size of base metal increases from ~5 μm to ~90 μm.

9

Maury, Nicolas, Moukrane Dehmas, Claude Archambeau-Mirguet, Jérôme Delfosse, and Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier. "MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTIONS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DURING LONG-TERM AGEING OF TITANIUM ALLOY Ti-17." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 12004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032112004.

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Microstructural evolutions and resulting mechanical properties have been investigated in the near-β Ti-17 alloy following long- term ageing heat-treatment up to 6000 h at 450 °C. The initial microstructure was bimodal lamellar, consisting of two populations of α grains (αlam-primary and αsecondary) in a β phase matrix. Two microstructures were obtained either via controlled heat- treatments from the β phase field - in order to generate significant differences in the grain fraction, size, density and spatial distribution - or sampled from a part submitted to an industrial processing route. High energy XRD reveals that whatever the initial microstructure, the amount of α phase increases significantly after 1000 h long-term ageing. Complementary SEM and image analysis characterizations enable to deduce that this evolution is the consequence of αsecondary growth and/or coarsening. Also, TEM observations and EDX analysis show that the Mo and Cr contents of the β phase increase and that α2 nano-precipitates form within the αlam-primary grains. Considering the mechanical properties, long-term ageing leads to an increase in the yield and ultimate tensile strength, as well as a decrease in the elongation at failure, at an extent which depends on the ageing time.

10

Mohan, Dhanesh G., Jacek Tomków, and S. Gopi. "Induction Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials AA5052 Aluminium Alloy and X12Cr13 Stainless Steel." Advances in Materials Science 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2021-0015.

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Abstract This research aimed to study the induction in-situ heated hybrid friction stir welding (IAFSW) method to join AA5052 aluminium alloy with X12Cr13 stainless steel (SS) to enhance joint strength. The potency of this method on the mechanical properties and microstructural characterizations were also investigated. The results show that the transverse tensile strength gained was 94% of the AA5052 base metal that is 229.5 MPa. This superior strength was achieved due to the annealing that happened to the AA 5052 region and elevated plastic flow in the weld zone by the in-situ induction heating, which resulted in the elongation of the weld region. The microstructure characterization indicates that a refined grain structure was gained in the nugget zone without defects.

11

Santos, Dagoberto Brandão, Élida G. Neves, and Elena V. Pereloma. "Effect of Processing Route on Mechanical Behavior of C-Mn Multiphase High Strength Cold Rolled Steel." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4375.

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The multiphase steels have complex microstructures containing polygonal ferrite, martensite, bainite, carbide and a small amount of retained austenite. This microstructure provides these steels with a high mechanical strength and good ductility. Different thermal cycles were simulated in the laboratory in order to create the microstructures with improved mechanical properties. The samples were heated to various annealing temperatures (740, 760 or 780°C), held for 300 s, and then quickly cooled to 600 or 500°C, where they were soaked for another 300 s and then submitted to the accelerated cooling process, with the rates in the range of 12-30°C/s. The microstructure was examined at the end of each processing route. The mechanical behavior evaluation was made by microhardness testing. The microstructural characterization involved optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The use of multiple regression analysis allowed the establishment of quantitative relationship between the microstructural parameters, cooling rates and mechanical properties of the steel.

12

Rocha, Francisca, and Sónia Simões. "Aluminum Nanocomposites Reinforced with Al2O3 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8010033.

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This work comprehensively investigates the production and characterization of an innovative nanocomposite material and an aluminum matrix reinforced with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The powder metallurgy route was used to produce the nanocomposite, and subsequent microstructural and mechanical characterizations were conducted to evaluate its performance. The nanoparticles and metal powders were dispersed and mixed using ultrasonication, followed by cold pressing and sintering. The results indicated that dispersion using isopropanol made it possible to obtain nanocomposites efficiently through powder metallurgy with a high density and an 88% increase in hardness compared to the Al matrix. The process led to the production of nanocomposites with high densification if the volume fraction of the reinforcement did not exceed 1.0 wt.% of Al2O3. The volume fraction of the reinforcement plays an essential role in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite because as it increases to values above 1.0 wt.%, it becomes more difficult to disperse through ultrasonication, which results in less promising results. The addition of Al2O3 significantly affects the Al matrix’s microstructure, which influences the mechanical properties. However, this new approach is proving effective in producing Al matrix nanocomposites with high mechanical properties.

13

Sroka, Marek, and Grzegorz Golański. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Alloys." Crystals 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100945.

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This Special Issue on “Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Alloys” features eight papers that cover the recent developments in alloys (engineering materials), methods of improvement of strength and cyclic properties of alloys, the stability of microstructure, the possible application of new (or improved) alloys, and the use of treatment for alloy improvement.

14

Jordan, Laurence, Anthony Sultan, and Philippe Vermaut. "Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of new Ni-Ti endodontic instruments." MATEC Web of Conferences 33 (2015): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20153303005.

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15

Huo, Qinghuan. "Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Light Alloys." Materials 16, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 5915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175915.

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The present Special Issue titled “Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Light Alloys” aims to report the close relation between mechanical performance and microstructure in light alloys, such as Al, Mg, Ti, and their alloys [...]

16

Barcellona, A., L. Cannizzaro, and D. Palmeri. "Microstructural Characterization of Thermo-Mechanical Treated TRIP Steels." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.71.

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The increasing demand for the reduction of automobiles CO2 emissions for environmental preservation leads the automotive industries towards the mechanical components weight reduction. Sheet steels with multiphase microstructures exhibit favourable combinations of strength and ductility. The so called TRIP steels have a metastable microstructure that consists of a continuous ferrite matrix containing a dispersion of hard second phases martensite and bainite. These steels also contain retained austenite, at room temperature, that represents the source of the TRansformation Induced Plasticity effect. When the material is subjected to deformation step, the retained austenite transforms itself into martensite; the produced martensite delays the onset of necking resulting in a product with high total elongation, excellent formability and high crash energy absorption. In the present research the steel TRIP 800 zinc coated has been subjected to different thermo–mechanical treatments in order to evaluate the relation between microstructure of material and TRIP effects. Whit this aim the microstructural analysis has been performed and the evaluation of content of different phases has been made by means of the image analysis techniques. The relation among the strain level, the content of different phases, the thermal treatments and the work hardening properties of materials have been valued. Furthermore, it has been also highlighted the dependence of the bake hardening properties of material on the different thermo-mechanical treatments.

17

Kumar, M. Anil, V. Srinivasan, and P. Ramamurthy Raju. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of the Mg Based Functionally Graded Material Fabricated through Centrifugal Casting Process." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 7 (February 15, 2024): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i7.2828.

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the mechanical and microstructural properties of functionally graded material (FGM) composites based on magnesium (Mg). Magnesium alloys are commonly employed in the development of biomaterials for implant applications owing to their favorable corrosion properties. The research objective is to study the microstructural and mechanical properties and produce Zn/Mo reinforced functionally graded magnesium composites using the centrifugal casting. Methods: A triple layered cylindrical shaped Mg based functionally graded material (FGM) was fabricated through a centrifugal process from (Mg (80%) +Zn (10%) + Mo (10%) alloy. The developed FGMs have been analyzed for their mechanical and microstructural characteristics. The microstructure was analyzed via the OM AND SEM microscope. It is identified that denser particle molybdenum (Mo) have influenced the mechanical and microstructural characteristics. Findings: Results recommend that, all the three layered testing’s, Mg (80%) +Zn (10%) + Mo (10%) composite exhibited favorable mechanical and microstructural properties. It is identified that denser particle of Mo which is influenced the microstructural characteristics. The alteration in micro hardness in the direction of centrifugal force is observed, and it is perceived that top surface has higher hardness as compared to the middle and bottom region. The flexural strength of top surface sample is 254 MPa, which is 10% greater than middle surface sample and 12.36% greater than bottom surface sample. Compressive strength of 385 MPa, surpassing the middle surface sample by 17.11% and the bottom surface sample by 19.36%. Novelty: In this study, a novel three-layered centrifugal casting technique was devised. Owing to its rapid degradability, the anticipated duration of the implants within the human body is significantly shorter in comparison to alternative biomaterials such as Titanium and Stainless steel. Furthermore, the findings from the conducted tests strongly advocate for the utilization of this technique in biomedical implantations. Keywords: Functionally graded material (FGM), Centrifugal casting, Mechanical properties, Microstructural behavior and bioimplants

18

Larosa, Maria Aparecida, André Luiz Jardini, Cecília Amélia de Carvalho Zavaglia, Paulo Kharmandayan, Davi Reis Calderoni, and Rubens Maciel Filho. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of a Custom-Built Implant Manufactured in Titanium Alloy by Direct Metal Laser Sintering." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 945819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/945819.

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Custom-built implants manufacture has always presented difficulties which result in high cost and complex fabrication, mainly due to patients’ anatomical differences. The solution has been to produce prostheses with different sizes and use the one that best suits each patient. Additive manufacturing technology, incorporated into the medical field in the late 80's, has made it possible to obtain solid biomodels facilitating surgical procedures and reducing risks. Furthermore, this technology has been used to produce implants especially designed for a particular patient, with sizes, shapes, and mechanical properties optimized, for different areas of medicine such as craniomaxillofacial surgery. In this work, the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V samples produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) are studied. The microstructural and mechanical characterizations have been made by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness and tensile tests. Samples produced by DMLS have a microstructure constituted by hexagonal α′ martensite with acicular morphology. An average microhardness of 370 HV was obtained and the tensile tests showed ultimate strength of 1172 MPa, yield strength of 957 MPa, and elongation at rupture of 11%.

19

Lavigne, Olivier, Andrei Kotousov, and Vladimir Luzin. "Microstructural, Mechanical, Texture and Residual Stress Characterizations of X52 Pipeline Steel." Metals 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2017): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met7080306.

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20

Lala, S., B. Satpati, T. Kar, and S. K. Pradhan. "Structural and microstructural characterizations of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite synthesized by mechanical alloying." Materials Science and Engineering: C 33, no. 5 (July 2013): 2891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.03.015.

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21

Dey, Arjun, and Anoop K. Mukhopadhyay. "In VitroDissolution, Microstructural and Mechanical Characterizations of Microplasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 11, no. 1 (April 9, 2013): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijac.12057.

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22

Bahador, Reyhan, Navid Hosseinabadi, and Amirhossein Yaghtin. "Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of stir cast aluminum 356–Nb2O5 composite." Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials 3, no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 594–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42114-020-00173-1.

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23

HASHMI, Muhammad Luqman, and Abdul WADOOD. "Microstructural, mechanical and shape memory characterizations of Ti–Mo–Sn alloys." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 30, no. 3 (March 2020): 688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(20)65246-3.

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24

Nogueira Ottoboni Dias, Alexandre, Márcia Regina Baldissera, Eduardo Carvalho Rossi, Gilberto Carvalho Coelho, Andersan dos Santos Paula, Mírian de Lourdes Noronha Motta Melo, and Geovani Rodrigues. "Microstructural Characterization and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Steel with Different Biphasic Microstructures Obtained from LNE 500 Steel." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.227.

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In this work was carried out the microstructural characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties of steel with different microstructures. The intercritical region and the existing phases in function of temperature were determined using the THERMOCALC software. The samples of steel were quenched at different temperatures to obtain differents microstructures consisting of ferrite, pearlite and martensite. The microstructural characterization of the samples was performed by qualitative and quantitative metallography. The determination of volume was performed with the "Image J" software. The mechanical properties were determined by uniaxial stress test, which determined the parameters: yield strength, tensile strength, breaking point and total elongation.

25

Neogy, S., S. Acharya, Karri V. Mani Krishna, Dinesh Srivastava, G. K. Dey, C. Phani Babu, Gourahari Das, et al. "Texture and Microstructure Development during Swaging and Annealing Process of Fabrication of Zircaloy-4 Rod Products." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.830.

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In this study a systematic characterization of the microstructural and textural evolution in each thermo-mechanical processing step of Zircaloy-4 rod fabrication has been carried out. The possible micro-mechanisms leading to the observed microstructural evolutions have been discussed. The thermo-mechanical steps followed resulted in a completely recrystallized microstructure and retention of the hot-extruded texture in the finished product.

26

Konečná, Radomila, Denisa Medvecká, and Gianni Nicoletto. "Structure, Texture and Tensile Properties of Ti6Al4V Produced by Selective Laser Melting." Production Engineering Archives 25, no. 25 (December 1, 2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.25.12.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing has recently expanded its potential with the development of selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic powders. This study investigates the relation between the mechanical properties and the microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by SLM followed by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment. HIP treatment minimizes the detrimental influence of material defects. Tensile specimens produced with reference to specific building axes were prepared using a Renishaw A250 system. It has been found that the tensile strength and elongation depend on specimen building direction. Microstructural and textural characterizations were carried out to identify the source of differences.

27

Yang, Y., S. T. Zhang, H. B. Huang, Y. F. Chen, Z. G. Liu, and J. M. Liu. "Microstructural characterizations of ferroelectromagnet lead iron niobate crystals." Materials Letters 59, no. 14-15 (June 2005): 1767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.01.063.

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28

Aktaş Çelik, G., Ş. Polat, Ş. H. Atapek, and G. N. Haidemenopoulos. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Solidified Austenitic Stainless Steels." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0110.

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Abstract Among the family of stainless steels, cast austenitic stainless steels (CASSs) are preferably used due to their high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. These steels owe their properties to their microstructural features consisting of an austenitic matrix and skeletal or lathy type δ-ferrite depending on the cooling rate. In this study, the solidification behavior of CASSs (304L and 316L grades) was studied using ThermoCalc software in order to determine the solidification sequence and final microstructure during cooling. Theoretical findings were supported by the microstructural examinations. For the mechanical characterization, not only hardness measurements but also tribological studies were carried out under dry sliding conditions and worn surfaces were examined by microscopy and 3D profilometric analysis. Results were discussed according to the type and amount of microstructural features.

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Rajesh, R. "Entropy-guided VIKOR technique for optimal selection of aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites." i-manager's Journal on Material Science 11, no. 2 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jms.11.2.20299.

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The objective of this study is to assess the most suitable aluminum hybrid metal matrix composite through mechanical and physical characterizations utilizing the Entropy-VIKOR optimization method. To appraise the optimal composite, aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites were manufactured following the L18 Taguchi orthogonal array, which was designed by considering three levels of matrix materials, two levels of hybrid reinforcements, and three levels of weight percent of reinforcements. The production of Aluminum Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (AHMMCs) was conducted using the stir casting process under optimal conditions and subjected to testing for mechanical and physical characterization, including hardness, tensile strength, porosity, and density. These characterizations were examined using the Entropy-VIKOR method to determine the optimum AHMMC. Ultimately, the Entropy-VIKOR optimization outcomes revealed that a 9% silicon carbide with flyash-reinforced AA5083 composite emerged as the optimal AHMMC material concerning its mechanical and physical characteristics. Finally, microstructural studies were carried out on the optimal AHMMC using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to assess the uniformity of particle distribution in the matrix. The SEM results demonstrated the uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles with no voids.

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Bouleghlem, Mohamed, Moussa Zahzouh, Mohamed Hamidouche, Abdelyamine Boukhobza, and Mamoun Fellah. "Microstructural and Mechanical Investigation of WC-TiC-Co Cemented Carbides Obtained by Conventional Powder Metallurgy." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 45 (November 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.45.1.

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WC-Co cemented carbide is one of the widely hard materials used for cutting in machining industry, due to its microstructural and mechanical stability even at high temperature. However, diffusion wear is the most serious problem that WC-Co suffers from. One of the most applied approaches to improve the WC–Co cemented carbide performances is the addition of transition metal carbides such as: TiC, TaC and NbC which prevents diffusion wear thanks to the gamma phase (Ti,Ta,Nb,W)C which is formed during sintering. Therefore, and in order to understand the thermal metallurgical reactions occurred between WC-Co cemented carbide and (Ti, Ta, Nb)C transition carbides and theirs effects on the microstructural and mechanical properties. The WC–TiC– TaC– NbC–Co cemented carbide was elaborated by conventional powder metallurgy then thermal, microstructural and mechanical investigations were performed on the elaborated carbide. A temperature of sintering was determined to be more than 1347 oC by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) observations showed that the microstructure consists in a mixture of angular WC grains and (W,Ti)C rounded grains embedded in the Co-rich binder. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of these three phases with free carbon. The results of EDS analysis highlight the solution-reprecipitation phenomena caused by liquid phase sintering and clearly revealed the presence of small amount of free carbon. The mechanical characterizations showed that the WC–TiC– TaC– NbC–Co cemented carbide exhibits excellent hardness-fracture toughness combination.

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Monthien, Chanoknan, Kanjana Silikulrat, Gobwute Rujijanagul, Tawee Tunkasiri, Sittiporn Punyanitya, and Anirut Raksujarit. "Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Dense Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.771.

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During recent years, there have been efforts in developing nanocrystalline bioceramics, to enhance their mechanical and biological properties for use in hard tissue engineering applications. In this work, we study the effects of some sintering additive nanopowders dopants on the properties of the sintered HA structures. Calculated quantities of silica nanopowders are incorporate as dopants into dried HA nanopowder. The mixing powders are uniaxially compacted and then sintered at 1200°C by rate-controlled sintering method in air. Compositional, microstructural, morphological and mechanical characterizations are carried out on sintered HA samples.

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Kulosa, Matthias, Matthias Neumann, Martin Boeff, Gerd Gaiselmann, Volker Schmidt, and Alexander Hartmaier. "A Study on Microstructural Parameters for the Characterization of Granular Porous Ceramics Using a Combination of Stochastic and Mechanical Modeling." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 05 (July 2017): 1750069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117500697.

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To correlate the mechanical properties of granular porous materials with their microstructure, typically porosity is being considered as the dominant parameter. In this work, we suggest the average coordination number, i.e., the average number of connections that each grain of the porous material has to its neighboring grains, as additional — and possibly even more fundamental — microstructural parameter. In this work, a combination of stochastic and mechanical modeling is applied to study microstructural influences on the elastic properties of porous ceramics. This is accomplished by generating quasi-two-dimensional (2D) and fully three-dimensional (3D) representative volume elements (RVEs) with tailored microstructural features by a parametric stochastic microstructure model. In the next step, the elastic properties of the RVEs are characterized by finite element analysis. The results reveal that the average coordination number exhibits a very strong correlation with the Young’s modulus of the material in both 2D and 3D RVEs. Moreover, it is seen that quasi-2D RVEs with the same average coordination number, but largely different porosities, only differ very slightly in their elastic properties such that the correlation is almost unique. This finding is substantiated and discussed in terms of the load distribution in microstructures with different porosities and average coordination numbers.

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NAGARAL, Madeva, Raghavendra Pai K, V. Auradi, Bharath V, Shanawaz Patil, and Mahantesh S. Tattimani. "Effect of micro graphite particles on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of aluminium 6061 (Al-Mg-Si) alloy composites developed by novel two step casting technique." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 31, no. 2 (June 27, 2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v31i2.1046.

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In the present research, the effect of micron sized graphite addition on the microstructure and tensile failure of Al6061 alloy has been studied. The Al6061 alloy metal matrix composites reinforced with 6, 9 and 12 varying weight percentages of graphite particles were fabricated by novel two step stir cast route which helps in improving the wettability of Al6061 alloy matrix with graphite particles. The synthesized composites were subjected to microstructural studies, density, hardness and tensile properties testing. Microstructural characterizations of obtained samples were carried out by SEM microscopy, EDS and XRD patterns. The occurrence of graphite particles were confirmed by the XRD patterns. The density and hardness of metal composites have been decreased with adding of graphite reinforcement, while the ultimate tensile strength and yield strengths were improved with the addition of graphite particles. There was increase in the elongation of the Al6061 alloy composite after the incorporation of the reinforcement. Various fracture mechanisms were observed in the Al6061-graphite composites using SEM.

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Nishida, M., M. Matsuda, Y. Shimada, K. Takashima, K. Ishikawa, and K. Aoki. "Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of rapidly solidified Nb-TiNi hydrogen permeation alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 144 (January 1, 2009): 012106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/144/1/012106.

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Cheng, Weili, Miao Wang, Zhongping Que, Hongxia Wang, Jinshan Zhang, Chunxiang Xu, Bongsun You, and Changdong Yim. "Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu alloys." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 29, no. 4 (August 2014): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-014-1000-x.

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36

Zhang, Huibo, W. Li, Xujie Yang, Yongchun Zhang, and Yadong Chen. "Microstructural characterizations and mechanical behavior of polyurethane elastomers strengthened with milled fiberglass." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 190, no. 1-3 (July 2007): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.053.

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Baker, Ian. "Exploring the Microstructure of Ice." AM&P Technical Articles 176, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2018-01.p027.

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Abstract Characterizing ice and snow is important not only for building accurate climate models, but also for activities such as relating the mechanical properties of sea ice to its microstructure so that the interaction of ice with ships and structures can be better understood. This article describes the microstructural characterization of ice. Many microstructural characterization techniques that can be applied to other materials also can be used to examine ice.

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Alkahlan, Bandar, Thamer Tabbakh, Abdulaziz Kurdi, Alokesh Pramanik, and Animesh K. Basak. "Formation and Characterization of the Recast Layer Formed on Inconel 718 during Wire Electro Discharge Machining." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030930.

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The present work investigates the formation and microstructural and micro-mechanical characterization of the recast layer that formed on Inconel 718 alloy in the course of the wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM). The as-machined surface contains globules, shallow cracks, and re-deposition of molten materials, together with the elements from the decomposition of wire electrode and electrolyte, which does not exceed beyond the surface of the recast layer. Under presently investigated machining parameters, the recast layer was about 6.2 ± 2.1 µm thick. There was no presence of a heat-affected zone (HAZ), as otherwise indicated for other hard-to-cut materials. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) investigations show that the microstructure of the recast layer is similar to that of bulk alloy. Micro-mechanical characterizations of the recast layer were investigated via in-situ micro-pillar compression on the micro-pillars fabricated on the recast layer. The strength of the superficial layer (1151.6 ± 51.1 MPa) was about 2.2 times higher than that of the base material (523.2 ± 22.1 MPa), as revealed by the in-situ micro-pillar compression.

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Teker, Tanju, S. Osman Yilmaz, and S. Özmen Eruslu. "Effect of austempering treatment on metallurgical structure of Ce inoculated X210Cr12 cold work tool steel." Materials Testing 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2014.

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Abstract The effect of austempering treatment on metallurgical structure of X210Cr12 cold work tool steel inoculated with Ce was researched. Microstructural changes, elemental characterizations, and phase formations of the samples were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental mapping, and microhardness test. Ce inoculation reduced the grain size, and the austenitizing temperature had a huge effect on the austenitizing process. The austenitizing process increased the hardness by reducing the retained austenite, but the degree was dependent on the austenitization temperature. The austempering treatment improved the hardness resistance by depositing more equal carbides composed of nano-sized carbides. High austempering period and increase of austempering temperature decreased the homogeneity and hardness of the microstructure.

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Bouhamla, Khedidja, Amel Gharbi, Oualid Ghelloudj, Ali Hadji, Maouche Hichem, Saleh Remili, and Samia Chettouh. "Microstructural Characterization, Tribological and Corrosion Behaviour of Forged and Cast Grinding Balls a Comparative Study." Defect and Diffusion Forum 406 (January 2021): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.406.334.

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Various facilities are used in mineral processing to prepare raw material. Practically, two types of balls are used, cast balls and forged balls. They are respectively made from high chromium cast iron and forged steel and are supplied in different sizes and chemical compositions. The cast and forged balls have different microstructures and consequently display dissimilar wear behavior. The target aimed in this work is to achieve a comparative study taking into account the type of microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of these two kinds of materials. Specimens have undergone chemical, metallographic and XRD characterizations. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to hardness measurements, abrasion and friction tests in order to evaluate their wear behaviour. Tribological tests, under unlubricated environment, are carried out on both types of grinding balls in order to study the wear system. Corrosion tests are also performed on forged steel and high chromium cast iron ball samples. The obtained results reveal a large difference in terms of chemical composition and microstructural components. Chromium cast iron balls are more resistant to friction, whereas forged balls are more resistant to abrasion. Additionally, the corrosion tests reveal a narrow discrepancy in corrosion behaviour between the studied materials.

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Bouhamla, Khedidja, Amel Gharbi, Oualid Ghelloudj, Ali Hadji, Maouche Hichem, Saleh Remili, and Samia Chettouh. "Microstructural Characterization, Tribological and Corrosion Behaviour of Forged and Cast Grinding Balls a Comparative Study." Defect and Diffusion Forum 406 (January 2021): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.406.334.

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Various facilities are used in mineral processing to prepare raw material. Practically, two types of balls are used, cast balls and forged balls. They are respectively made from high chromium cast iron and forged steel and are supplied in different sizes and chemical compositions. The cast and forged balls have different microstructures and consequently display dissimilar wear behavior. The target aimed in this work is to achieve a comparative study taking into account the type of microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of these two kinds of materials. Specimens have undergone chemical, metallographic and XRD characterizations. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to hardness measurements, abrasion and friction tests in order to evaluate their wear behaviour. Tribological tests, under unlubricated environment, are carried out on both types of grinding balls in order to study the wear system. Corrosion tests are also performed on forged steel and high chromium cast iron ball samples. The obtained results reveal a large difference in terms of chemical composition and microstructural components. Chromium cast iron balls are more resistant to friction, whereas forged balls are more resistant to abrasion. Additionally, the corrosion tests reveal a narrow discrepancy in corrosion behaviour between the studied materials.

42

Liu, Lishuai, Peng Wu, Yanxun Xiang, and Fu-Zhen Xuan. "Autonomous characterization of grain size distribution using nonlinear Lamb waves based on deep learning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 3 (September 2022): 1913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0014289.

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Characterization of grain microstructures of metallic materials is crucial to materials science and engineering applications. Unfortunately, the universal electron microscopic methodologies can only capture two-dimensional local observations of the microstructures in a time-consuming destructive way. In this regard, the nonlinear ultrasonic technique shows the potential for efficient and nondestructive microstructure characterization due to its high sensitivity to microstructural features of materials, but is hindered by the ill-posed inverse problem for multiparameter estimation induced by the incomplete understanding of the complicated nonlinear mechanical interaction mechanism. We propose an explainable nonlinearity-aware multilevel wavelet decomposition-multichannel one-dimensional convolutional neural network to hierarchically extracts multilevel time-frequency features of the acoustic nonlinearity and automatically model latent nonlinear dynamics directly from the nonlinear ultrasonic responses. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach establishes the complex mapping between acoustic nonlinearity and microstructural features, thereby determining the lognormal distribution of grain size in metallic materials rather than only average grain size. In the meantime, the integration of the designed nonlinearity-aware network and the quantitative analysis of component importance provides an acceptable physical explainability of the deep learning approach for the nonlinear ultrasonic technique. Our study shows the promise of this technique for real-time in situ evaluation of microstructural evolution in various applications.

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Chatterjee, Arpita, Soumyadeep Sen, Subhodeep Paul, Pallab Roy, Asiful H. Seikh, Ibrahim A. Alnaser, Kalyan Das, Goutam Sutradhar, and Manojit Ghosh. "Fabrication and Characterization of SiC-reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composite for Brake Pad Applications." Metals 13, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030584.

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The wear debris from conventional brake pads is a growing source of environmental contamination that often leads to life-threatening diseases for human beings. Though the emerging organic brake pads show potential to serve as an eco-friendly alternative, their mechanical and tribological properties are not adequate to withstand the demands of high-wear resistance of a functioning braking system under regular use. Metal matrix composites have served as an optimal solution with minimal environmental pollution and appreciable physical properties. Owing to the popularity of aluminium metal matrix composites, the present study is based on the fabrication and characterization of SiC-reinforced LM6 alloy through stir casting methodologies for evaluating its worthiness in application as a brake pad material. Microstructural, compositional, and phase characterizations were executed through optical micrography, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Although mechanical properties were evaluated through surface hardness investigation, parallel thermal properties were estimated through thermal conductivity evaluation. Finally, the execution of tribological analysis and precise microstructural observations of wear track at ambient and elevated temperatures helped in establishing the datum that the fabricated metal matrix composite (MMC) is a reliable brake pad material alternative.

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Williams, Colin L., Parisa Shokouhi, Matthew H. Lear, Carly Donahue, and Colt J. Montgomery. "Ultrasonic methods for the characterization of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015658.

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This research utilizes linear and nonlinear ultrasonic techniques to establish a linkage between microstructure and macroscale mechanical properties of additively manufactured (AM) stainless steel 316L samples. The specimens are manufactured using two methods: laser-powder bed fusion and traditional wrought manufacturing. Using the nonlinear ultrasonic method of second harmonic generation, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter is estimated in samples with different heat treatment levels intended to alter microstructural and mechanical properties. Linear ultrasonic parameters including wave speed and resonant frequency are additionally measured. Mechanical properties are obtained through tensile testing of coupons corresponding to the test samples. Microstructural information for the samples is obtained using electron backscatter diffraction to help elucidate the relationships between microstructure, mechanical properties, and ultrasonic response. Results indicate correlations between the nonlinearity parameter and both ultimate tensile strength and yield strength, where nonlinearity generally decreases as sample strength increases, particularly in the AM samples. We hypothesize that microstructural evolution of grain characteristics across different heat treatments influences trends in measured nonlinearity, as well as substructures at smaller scales such as dislocations. These results show promising evidence for the feasibility of AM parts qualification using nondestructive nonlinear ultrasonic testing.

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Brahami, Abdessamad, Benattou Bouchouicha, Mokhtar Zemri, and Jamal Fajoui. "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diverse Range of Aluminum Alloy: a Comparison." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0028.

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AbstractIn practice for all metallic materials, damage by fatigue usually takes in two steps, the appearance of an initial crack which then grows as a function of the present microstructure. The objective of this study is to identify the elements influencing the fatigue crack growth rate on aluminum alloys of different microstructures. Characterization tests and microstructural analysis on 2024-T3, 5083-H22, 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 shades have been carried out. Based on the experimental results obtained, AA7075-T6 has the best fatigue crack rate resistance which is explained by its behavior as well as the nature and dispersive distribution of the secondary element.

46

Brahami, Abdessamad, Benattou Bouchouicha, Mokhtar Zemri, and Jamal Fajoui. "Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diverse Range of Aluminum Alloy: A Comparison." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 4 (September 2, 2020): 1453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0113.

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AbstractIn practice for all metallic materials, damage by fatigue usually takes in two steps, the appearance of an initial crack which then grows as a function of the present microstructure. The objective of this study is to identify the elements influencing the fatigue crack growth rate on aluminum alloys of different microstructures. Characterization tests and microstructural analysis on 2024-T3, 5083-H22, 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 shades have been carried out. Based on the experimental results obtained, AA7075-T6 has the best fatigue crack rate resistance which is explained by its behavior as well as the nature and dispersive distribution of the secondary element.

47

Santa-aho, Suvi, Aki Sorsa, Mari Honkanen, and Minnamari Vippola. "Detailed Barkhausen noise and microscopy characterization of Jominy end-quench test sample of CF53 steel." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 11 (December 12, 2019): 4896–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-04284-z.

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Abstract Jominy end-quench test samples from CF53 were used for studying the relationship of microstructural changes with the magnetic Barkhausen noise (BN) response. As the Barkhausen noise method is sensitive to both stress and microstructural state, it can be applied for material characterization. This study presents observations from BN measurements with different sensors and from different locations (as-quenched and ground) on the sample surface. Detailed microstructural characterization with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope was carried out to correlate the BN responses with the microstructural features. In addition, residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the ground surface displayed mainly the effect of the grinding compressive stress state, while the as-quenched surface had variations due to higher microstructure sensitivity. An important finding of the results was that the sensitivity of BN to different surface conditions varied: The BN response in the ground area was mainly generated by both the residual stress and the microstructural effect, whereas for the as-quenched surface the microstructural effect was more evident.

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Ahmadi, Haerul, Rizky Abdul Aziz, Suprapto Suprapto, Tjipto Sujitno, and Sophie Hapsari. "Study of Microstructural and Corrosion Properties of Aluminium Alloy 7075 after Plasma Nitriding." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2019.21.1.5649.

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Plasma nitriding is a treatment process of metals by depositing nitrogen into metal that considered to be nitrided by mean of increasing the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the metal. This treatment will form a hard layer compund of Al-N on the surface of the sample. In this study, aluminium alloy 7075 was nitrided which the application of it to structural part of aircraft makes it vulnarable to not only corrosion and wear attack but also decreasing the hardness of the material. One method to overcome these issues is plasma nitriding. The purpose of of this research is to do the characterizations of plasma nitrided aluminium alloy 7075 regarding its microstructure, mechanical, and chemical properties. The characterizations that had been done were microhardness Vickers testing, SEM-EDX, and electrochemical corrosion testing Potensiostat. The hardness of the sample increased 55% from 75,88 VHN (raw material) to 117,68 VHN (at optimum parameter). The depth of the white layer of plasma nitriding is approximately 6 µm, while the EDX result reported carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen presence. Corrosion testing showed that the highest corrosion rate is on the raw material, 0,15393 mpy. While the optimum one is 0,07184 mpy.

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Singh, Bharat, C. Praveen Kumar, Ravi Kalra, Koushal Dhamija, Zahraa N. Salman, and Manish Kumar. "Characterization of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Materials using Advanced Techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001111.

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In this study, we present an in-depth analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast materials, employing advanced characterization techniques. The research focuses on the utilization of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) for microstructural analysis, alongside nanoindentation and tensile testing for mechanical property evaluation. The materials under investigation include a variety of industrially relevant cast alloys, providing a comprehensive understanding of their behavior under different casting conditions. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the microstructural features, such as grain size, phase distribution, and defect morphology, and the mechanical properties, including hardness, yield strength, and ductility. The study also highlights the influence of casting parameters on these properties, offering insights for optimizing casting processes. The results of this research not only contribute to the existing body of knowledge on cast materials but also pave the way for the development of advanced materials with tailored properties for specific applications. This work underscores the importance of integrated microstructural and mechanical characterization in understanding and predicting the performance of cast materials, thereby aiding in their effective utilization in various industrial sectors.

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Goel, Sunkulp, Nachiket Keskar, R. Jayaganthan, I. V. Singh, D. Srivastava, G. K. Dey, and N. Saibaba. "Mechanical behaviour and microstructural characterizations of ultrafine grained Zircaloy-2 processed by cryorolling." Materials Science and Engineering: A 603 (May 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.02.025.

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