Дисертації з теми "Microscopie acoustique haute fréquence"
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Fasolo, Christian. "Instrumentation acoustique de mesure vectorielle haute fréquence : application à la signature acoustique des matériaux par microscopie." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20225.
Повний текст джерелаLocatelli, Marie-Laure. "Etude du comportement électrique du transistor bipolaire de puissance en haute température." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0036.
Повний текст джерелаThe high temperature power device field concerns both the high ambient temperature applications an the systems opera ting at usual ambient temperature for which an increase in the power-to-weigh ratio is needed. In this frame, we particularly examined the electrical behaviour of the bipolar power transistor in the [30°C, 260°C] temperature range. We studied and analysed from a physical point view the on- and off-state characteristics, as also the switching characteristics under resistive and inductive load. An evaluation of the device dissipation versus junction temperature was made for each Phase of its switching operation Having left away all ageing and reliability problems, this study showed that the bipolar power transistor functionality is maintained in all the temperature range, though a perceptible performance diminution. The increase in power dissipation when the temperature is augmented leads to a limitation of the advantage of a high temperature operation of the component. Silicon, which is the sole semiconductor used for existing power devices, is personally involved especially because of its intrinsic carrier concentration and carrier mobility dependences on temperature. The analysis of the high temperature bipolar power transistor electrical characteristics, and the knowledge of the silicon carbide physical properties let us deduce the theoretical advantages of such a new semiconductor with regard to improvement of the bipolar power transistor performance at high temperature
Saikouk, Hajar. "Imagerie par microscopie acoustique haute résolution en profondeur de la surface interne d'une gaine de crayon combustible de type REP." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS101/document.
Повний текст джерелаPressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel rods are made of ceramic pellets (UO2,(U,Pu)O2 or gadolinium fuel) assembled in a zirconium alloy cladding tube. By design, an initial gap, filled with helium, exists between these two elements. However during irradiation this gap decreases gradually, on the one hand, owing to a variation in cladding diameter, due to creepdown caused by pressure from the coolant, and, on the other hand, increased pellet diameter, due to thermal expansion, and swelling. In hot conditions, during the second or third cycle of irradiation, the pellet/cladding gap is closed. However, during the return to cooler conditions, the gap can reopen. At a high burnup (generally beyond the 3rd cycle of irradiation) an inner zirconia layer of the order of 10 to 15 $mu$m is developed by oxidation leading to a chemical bonding between the pellet and the cladding. This bonding layer may contribute to a non-reopening of the pellet-cladding gap.Currently, only destructive examinations, after cutting fuel rods, allow the visualization of this area, however, they require a preliminary preparation of the samples in a hot cell. This limits the number of tests and measurements on the fuel rods. In this context, the Institute of Electronic and Systems of Montpellier University (IES - UMR CNRS 5214), in collaboration with the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Electricité de France (EDF) and Framatome, is developing a high frequency acoustic microscope adapted to the control and imaging of the pellet/cladding interface by taking into account the complexity of the structure's cladding which has a tubular form. Because the geometrical, chemical and mechanical nature of the contact interface is neither axially nor radially homogeneous, the ultrasonic system must allow the acquisition of 2D images of this interface by means of controlled displacements of the sample rod along both its axis and its circumference. The final objective of the designed acoustic microscope is to be introduced in hot cells
Meignen, Pierre-Antoine. "Capteur ultrasonore multiélément dédié à la caractérisation quantitative haute résolution." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT267/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis is applied to the characterization of mechanical properties by acoustic microscopy. It describes an innovative focused sensor that enables both topography and quantitative imaging of an elastic material. The innovation consists in the separation of the different propagation modes of a material excited by a focused multielement probe. Measuring the surface mode propagation velocity of elastic and anisotropic materials thanks to their time of flight provides a possibility of quantifying the module characterizing the elasticity: the Young's modulus. The dimensions of the multielement probe are described here and rely on an acoustic field model developed to anticipate the field radiated by each element. A second model studies the temporal behaviour of the focused probe and also verifies the discrimination of the different waves that propagate. The measurement of mechanical properties by the multielement probe is applied to different samples and provides consistent results with high sensitivity. The ability to produce images of mechanical properties is thus demonstrated. First suitable for frequencies near thirty megahertz, this sensor has a limited number of elements to ensure a simplicity of design and manufacture for a subsequent miniaturization of the sensor to achieve frequencies near the gigahertz
Ezziani, Youness. "Caractérisatiοn ultrasοnοre haute résοlutiοn d’un film adhésif dans un assemblage aérοnautique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH14.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the characterization of the properties of an adhesive film in a three-layer aeronautical assembly of the Titanium-Adhesive-Composite type, representative of the fan blade in the LEAP engine. The main objective is to accurately determine the thickness of the adhesive film, its mechanical properties, and the quality of adhesion it provides between the titanium and the composite, using high-frequency, and therefore high-resolution, non-destructive ultrasonic methods. However, this precise determination of the thickness of the bonded joint and its mechanical properties, which are key indicators of the quality of the bond, remains an unresolved technological challenge in the aeronautical industry due to the significant impedance contrast in this type of structure : high between the titanium and the adhesive, and low between the adhesive and the composite. Therefore, the challenge of this thesis is to address the detection of the background echo at the Adhesive-Composite interface at high frequency. This challenge is further complicated by the significant attenuation associated with high frequencies. It is essential to find an optimal compromise between a frequency high enough to match the wavelength to the thickness of the adhesive, but not too high, in order to detect the background echoes, particularly the background echo at the Adhesive-Composite interface, with a sufficiently exploitable amplitude. Initially, a qualitative study was conducted on six three-layer samples (TA6V-Epoxy-Composite, provided by Safran) using the PVA TEPLA 301 scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), which allows the precise measurement of the epoxy adhesive film's thickness and the assessment of the quality of the adhesion by analyzing the background echo of the epoxy film and examining the amount of energy transmitted to the composite layer using X-scan imaging. Different levels of adhesion were identified : strong, medium, and weak. A quantitative study was then carried out using an interphase model solved by the Debye series method, which allowed for the quantification of the adhesion levels in these samples: a strong adhesion level for sample 2 with adhesion coefficients (α = 1 and β = 1), a weak adhesion level for sample 1 with (α = 1 and β = 10⁻³), and a medium adhesion level for samples 3, 4, 5 and 6 with α = 1 and intermediate β values
Siry, Pierre. "Développement d'un dispositif d'acoustique picoseconde en microscopie optique de champ proche pour l'étude des propriétés élastiques de nano-objets." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066339.
Повний текст джерелаMéry, Yoann. "Mécanismes d'instabilités de combustion haute-fréquence et application aux moteurs-fusées." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECAP0012.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents a study of high frequency instabilities in rocket engines. This issue, which has plagued many engine development programs, is approached by three complementary viewpoints: experimental, theoretical, and numerical. First, experiments are carried out to identify the main processes involved and bring forth mechanisms taking place when an engine becomes unstable. To achieve this stage, a new modulator (the VHAM), capable of creating acoustic waves representative of what occurs in an actual engine, is designed and characterized. The second part of this thesis concern theoretical analysis. Two models are developed following the main conclusions of the experimental campaign: heat release oscillations are due to the transverse flames’ motion, and the phenomenon is triggered when droplets become small enough to be convected by the acoustic field. Using these models as a baseline, a numerical code (STAHF) is presented. Its purpose is to account for mechanisms identified previously for little computational cost. This code is validated on particularly responding situations observed during experiments. It is then shown that it can be used to study real scale rocket engines. The third point of view adopted to address the problem is numerical simulation. Full compressible LES is chosen to study the interaction between acoustics and combustion. A new combustion model for non-premixed flames with infinitely fast chemistry is presented and validated on a well documented flame (H3). It is then used to study the interaction between a transverse acoustic wave and the H3 flame. A comparison between the Rayleigh source term computed from the simulation and the one predicted by the theoretical model FAME is conducted eventually
Cugnet, Boris. "Caractérisation et modélisation des antennes acoustiques haute fréquence à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/cbd0ee1e-43f6-45fe-925f-f24dd7481846.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to create effective tools to design medical transducer arrays with the help of finite element codes ATILA and EQI. First of all, a tridimensional model has been developped which enables harmonic analysis of a piezoelectric structure radiating into water. This 3D model enables numerical modelling of 2D transducer arrays made of piezocomposite materials. Secondly, a numerical study has been performed, using a 2D model (ATILA, plane strain approximation), which measures the influence of a matching layer and a backing on the behavior of a transducer bar. A choice criterion of the matching material has been found guaranteing no harmonic coupled modes in the bandwidth of the transducer. Thirdly, a solution to the problem of element cross-coupling is proposed and numerically tested using a simple five elements linear array
Lescribaa, Dominique. "Caractérisation et contrôle des revêtements déposés au plasma par échographie impulsionnelle et microscopie acoustique basse fréquence." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0066.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with characterization and testing of plasma sprayed coatings using ultrasonic non destructive methods. The acoustic characterization of the coatings is made by measuring velocity and attenuation of waves with a method based on ultrasonic spectroscopy. Microstructural observations show porosity and microcracking in the plasma materials and allow us to explain the particular acoustic properties of these coatings that are a low velocity and a high attenuation. The testing of the interfaces bas been carried out using the pulse echograpby and the low frequency acoustic microscopy techniques. The knowledge of acoustic properties allows us to interpret, to model and to predict the acoustic responses got from the coated systems. In particular, in the case of the low frequency acoustic microscopy we have modelled the V(z) response of the systems using a method based on decomposition of the field radiated by the transducer in his plane waves angular spectrum. At last the coatings used like thermal barrier are tested at high temperature submitting them to repetitive thermal solicitations. The coating damage at its interface and the acoustic properties evolution are followed by the previously developed techniques
Ficuciello, Antonio. "Analyse des effets acoustiques à haute fréquence/haute intensité sur l'injection coaxiale : application aux moteurs-fusées." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR106/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe context of this work relies to high frequency combustion instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines (LRE). The present research focuses on the effects of high amplitude transverse acoustic fields on non-reactive coaxial injection. The acoustic response of injection domes is found to be dependent on the local properties of the acoustic field in the injection cavity. The modification of the atomization process, induced by the acoustic field, has been analyzed in single and multi-injection configurations. Experiments were performed from low to high Weber number atomization regimes. Three phenomena are observed: jet flattening, improvement of the atomization process and deviation. The combination of these phenomena in multi-injection configurations leads to a droplet clustering phenomenon. In the presence of combustion, such a clustering could lead to non-uniform heat release rate which can trigger or sustain combustion instabilities. A theoretical model based on non-linear acoustics has been developed, providing general expressions of radiation pressure and resulting radiation force, for spherical and cylindrical objects in standing and progressive wave field. The model has been successfully used to interpret and quantify experimental observations in liquid/gas, trans-critical/super-critical and gas/gas configurations and showed that the Helmholtz number α characterizing the acoustic field and the density ratio η characterizing the two media are two parameters of importance. The major conclusions are that the observed phenomena can be interpreted as resulting from non-linear acoustics, the key feature being the density ratio. It is claimed that the layer separating the two media, seen as an interface, does not need to be restricted only to a liquid/gas interface
Rey, Cédric. "Interactions collectives dans les instabilités de combustion haute fréquence : application aux moteurs fusées à ergols liquides." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0927.
Повний текст джерелаWalter, Benjamin. "Fabrication de micro-résonateurs haute fréquence pour la microscopie à force atomique sur des objets biologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10168/document.
Повний текст джерелаHigh speed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its potential applications in nanobiotechnology need to increase the resonance frequency of the probes limited in the case of the usual cantilever to a few megahertz. The first chapter describes the state of the art of the AFM and focus on the potential of MEMS in this area. The second chapter treats of the conception of a sensor taking advantage of the high resonance frequency of a silicon bulk mode resonator integrating a nanotip fabricated in batch process. We describe in the next chapter the realization of MEMS-based AFM Nanoprobes with integrated in-plane nanotip and 80nm self-aligned capacitive transduction gaps. The probes are fabricated using a photolithographic process and deep reactive ion etching. Small gaps being critical to maximize the capacitive transduction, the self-aligned 80nm capacitive gaps are obtained by thermal oxidation of the resonator side walls and polysilicon refilling. A chemical wet etching defines the in-plane nanotip thanks to the selectivity between the silicon planes. The radius of the tip apex obtained is about 10-20nm.One probe, working at 11MHz and showing a Q factor of 1300 is optically and electrically fully characterized. The probe holder of a Multimode Veeco microscope is replaced by a dedicated circuit board supporting the MEMS probe. The sample is constituted by DNA origami which is bimolecular self-assembled structure programmed to form various geometric shapes. In this case, 50nm side and 2nm height squares of DNA deposited on mica surface are used. For this probe, the minimal detectable force is estimated at 5pN.Hz-1/2
Cheuret, François. "Instabilités thermo-acoustiques de combustion haute-fréquence dans les moteurs fusées." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011656.
Повний текст джерелаBoisdron, Gilles. "Etude de l’atomisation d’un jet liquide assisté par air soumis à une onde acoustique stationnaire transverse haute fréquence." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES057.
Повний текст джерелаHigh frequency combustion instabilities ( ˜few kHz) in rocket engines imply a coupling between chamber acoustics and combustion. This study debates on the influence of a transverse acoustic field on the atomization of an air-assisted jet. A coaxial injector is placed at a pressure anti-node (PA) or velocity anti-node (VA) of a stationary plane acoustic wave with maximum fluctuation of 3600 Pa. At hte Pa, the acoustic wave modulates the annular gaseous flow and can induce the emission of intense vortices, which leads to a early shear-stress instability. Placed at a VA, non linear effects due to radiation pressure flattened the jet under the form of a sheet. A criterion, established from a radiation acoustic Bond number, determines its apparition. The sheet is atomised under the action of intrinsic sheet instabilities, Faraday instability and break-up of membranes. Acoustic effects organize the spray: amass and low speed droplets stay or go to the velocity anti-node
Leguerney, Ingrid. "Caractérisation de la microstructure et des propriétés matérielles de l'os cortical par microscopie acoustique à balayage de haute résolution." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066219.
Повний текст джерелаAssaad, Jamal. "Modélisation des transducteurs piézoélectriques haute fréquence à l'aide de la méthode des éléments finis." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/daff1271-db25-4894-82dd-828d666c589c.
Повний текст джерелаVandernoot, Guillaume. "Caractérisation et optimisation de la restitution haute-fidelité en véhicule." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066575.
Повний текст джерелаMoron, Philippe. "Mise en oeuvre de méthodes énergétiques dans l'étude du comportement vibratoire de structures complexes dans le domaine des moyennes et des hautes fréquences." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1734_pmoron.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this doctoral thesis project is the implementation and the validation of the so-called "simplified energy method", which pertains to the study of the vibrational behaviour in the mid-and-high-frequency range of mechanical systems. At first, it was proven that it is possible to predict correctly the energy density level of systems that have different dimensions. Thereby, on the one hand, the study of the coupling between a discrete absorbing system and a continuous system, such as a beam or a rectangular plate, was achieved, and likewise, so was between a stiffener and a plate. It may be noticed that the last application example is of interest to industry. Next, the vibrational behaviour of assembled-plate systems was studied. This study led to software implanted in the CATIA-ELFINI environment for Dassault-Aviation. A description of the bench-mark tests performed is included. It was revealed that the simpli¬fied energy method does not rely on the hypothesis of great reverberation of the statistical energy analysis and of the wave intensity analysis. Thus, it is possible to have a good prediction level even when the damping coefficient of the considered system is strong. As the final stage, an attempt to validate the experimental model was made, using the vibrational behaviour of a cylindrical shell submitted to bending excitation with the sim¬plified energy method with models of plates as panels as the test model. It is proven that the greater the number of panels, the better the prediction of the energy densities of the cylindrical shell. The convergence of the method in this particular case is validated. More¬over, we show that taking into account the experimental damping coefficient can provide much more effective predictions, notably in the frequency range corresponding to the sound radiation
Jaffré, Britta. "Mise au point de méthodes innovantes d'échographie quantitative de très haute résolution du cartilage articulaire : applications à l'évaluation de thérapeutiques." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112239.
Повний текст джерелаPURPOSE: Current imaging modalities do not allow early diagnosis of degenerative joint disease before irreversible damage occurs. Our group bas shown that 50 MHz ultrasonography (25 mM resolution) is able to detect early cartilage lesions induced by an experimental model of osteoarthritis in rats. Backscatter seems sensitive to collagen network organization but not to proteoglycan content. The purpose of the current work was the development of high-resolution ultrasound imaging techniques to characterize cartilage and subchondral bone and their application to the evaluation of therapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied the effects on rat cartilage and bone of a model of arthritis and of anti-inflammatory drugs by 50 MHz quantitative ultrasonography and scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM, 100-400 MHz). We have also used 50 MHz ultrasonography to characterize human osteoarthritic cartilage. Our results were compared to reference techniques such as histology, biochemistry and microradiography. RESULTS: 50 MHz ultrasound is sensitive to the effects of arthritis and anti-inflammatory drugs on rat cartilage and bone and to the reorganization of the collagen network related to the localization on the human tibial plateau. SAM allows visualization of the changes of calcified cartilage and bone during maturation and induced by a model of arthritis and appears to reveal a difference in the degree of mineralization between these two tissues. CONCLUSION: Our results show the value of 50 MHz quantitative ultrasonography for the characterization of human and animal cartilage in different pathological stages and its follow-up during therapeutic treatment. Quantitative SAM appears to be a promising technique to study the changes in density and/or elasticity of mineralised tissues
Bardaine, Anthony. "Elaboration de films piézoélectriques de PZT par procédé sol-gel composite : application à la transduction ultrasonore haute fréquence." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4031.
Повний текст джерелаAt high ultrasonic frequency (HF), from 30 to 50 Mhz, good piezoelectric films in the 0-40 um thickness range have to be prepared to build high performing probes. This study explores the sol-gel composite process to develop piezoelectric thick films of PbZr0,52Ti0,48O3 (PZT). From solutions synthesis to film in probes integration, each step of the process is studied to respect specification : piezoelectric performance focusing and high frequency. Composites films with effective coupling coefficient (Kt) above 40% have been here obtained. These promising results allowed the fabrication two types of transducter : a single element and a 128 element linear array. These transducters working at 20 and 30 MHz have both high electro accoustical performances, and definitively show that this composite sol-gel process is of interest for the high frequency ultrasonic transducer fabrication
Virgilio, Christophe. "Caractérisation du mouillage de surfaces micro/nanostructurées par méthode acoustique haute fréquence : application aux traitements humides dans l'industrie de la microélectronique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаLarge scale integration in the field of electronic components (CMOS, FDSOI 14 nm, flash memory), and the development of new devices (image sensors, photonic components) raise new issues in chip manufacturing in the microelectronics industry. Wet etching and wet cleaning efficiency of the patterned surface of the components can be limited by an incomplete wetting of the micro/nanostructures, for which dimensions shrink and aspect ratios increase highly. Wetting state and micro/nanostructures filling kinetics are then two key parameters to adapt the wet processes at best. This thesis work, conducted in partnership with STMicroelectronics, presents an original acoustic method of high frequency reflectometry for wetting characterization of industrial structured surfaces at the micrometric (vias) and nanometric scale (deep trenches for pixels insulation, CMOS transistor contacts). Two acoustic models have been developed: one numerical finite difference model and one analytical model based on diffraction. They enable us to have a better understanding of the acoustic wave behavior inside the micro/nanostructures and to interpret the experimental measurements of wetting. We determined the wetting state of the structures (Wenzel, Cassie, composite states) and imbibition of initially non-wetting surfaces has been detected by lowering the surface tension of the liquids. Micrometric vias filling kinetics has also been measured
Leclaire, Paul. "Hétérostructures ultra minces de type AlGaN/GaN sur substrat Si et applications aux résonateurs NEMS à haute fréquence." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10102/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicro-electro-mechanical resonant systems are widely investigated for their applications in actuators and sensors of small dimensions and co-integrated with electronic functions. In the area of vibrating resonant devices, most are based on silicon and quartz technologies. Even if Si based resonators exhibit ultrasensitive mass/force detection they lose their mechanical and electrical properties for temperature higher than 200°C whereas quartz devices are not easily co-integrated. To overcome these intrinsic limitations, other approaches such as wide bandgap semiconductor have been investigated. Especially GaN exhibits good piezoelectric properties and benefits of co-integration opportunity with AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. Therefore it seems to be an ideal candidate to address new generation of MEMS sensors that withstand harsh environment. To optimize the actual resonator based on AlGaN/GaN hétérostructures, we have chosen to study the device downscaling process. In this view, we developped the epitaxial growth, by molecular beam epitaxy, of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on 3 kinds of thin buffers. Structural, electrical and mechanical characterizations were carried out in order to select the best buffer for MEMS applications. Then, we suggested several designs of piezoelectric and electrothermal actuators as well as a gateless detector that are compatible with downscaling. Specific fabrication steps were developed and optimized. Finally, we compare the performances of resonators fabricated on thin buffers with one processed on thick commercial structure in order to bring forward the advantages of thin buffer and the performances of the transductor design
Abrahamians, Khanghah Jean-Ochin. "Quartz probes for embedded micro-robotics and imaging." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066130/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs self-sensing and self-exciting tools, quartz probes present many advantages over the heretofore dominant silicon cantilevers for mechanical micro-sensing applications. One of these advantages is that they can be embedded and calibrated without the need for a laser deflection setup. The more compact and self-sufficient tools can therefore be readily integrated and controlled with Scanning Electron Microscopy, which is favoured at the smaller scales of micro-robotic research. More generally, the development and use of quartz probes is bolstered by the fact that they can be fabricated from widely commercialized quartz components and customised through the addition of a microtip. The quartz probes found in the literature are however largely based on components with limited oscillation frequencies, and could benefit from higher operating speeds. In this context, we address the frequency improvement and embedded control of AFM probes with regard to their use in targeted micro-robotics and imaging. The properties of quartz probes are first covered towards the evaluation and use of higher frequency components; we next demonstrate that faster scanning can be achieved with quartz probes made from thickness shear resonators, making them suitable for fast applications which do not require high sensitivity. Lastly, we integrate a tuning fork probe inside a SEM, and establish through it a proof of concept for the non-destructive stiffness mapping of fragile micro-membranes
Cavatore, Etienne. "Microscopie optique appliquée à la micro-manipulation par pinces magnétiques à haute résolution et à la visualisation de nano-objets métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627431.
Повний текст джерелаDrevet, Claire. "Propagation d'une onde acoustique haute fréquence à l'interface plane eau-sable : théorie et expériences : application aux sonars imageurs de fonds dans la zone de déferlement." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22063.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Sizhe. "Optimisation technologique d'un laboratoire sur puce intégrant des fonctions acoustiques hautes fréquences : premières applications à l'actionnement en canal microfluidique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe interest of ultrasounds for media characterization or for actuation when using more power is well known. Nevertheless, the integration of these acoustic functions in silicon based Lab-on-chips requires specific technological developments. The possibility to use high frequency bulk acoustic waves in this kind of systems for characterization or detection has been presented previously in another PhD work. The main objective of this work was to optimize acoustic energy transfer to a microfluidic channel in a frequency range between 500 MHz and 1000 MHz. To do that, the main technological developments achieved among others concern the coating of the guiding mirrors to avoid acoustic mode conversion and ZnO thick films sputtering for the fabrication of piezoelectric transducers. The developed system has been used for particles detection or concentration evaluation. Moreover, a first evaluation of fluids/particles actuation was demonstrated, along with temperature evaluation using ultrasound were achieved in microfluidic channels
Monti, Fabrice. "Microrhéologie de suspensions colloïdales non ergodiques : Relaxations locales, dynamiques lentes et vieillissement." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00560061.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Tahhan Rania. "Interactions entre la sollicitation mécanique en fluage et la réactivité du zirconium et du zircaloy-4 à haute température (de 450°c à 550°C) sous oxygène." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1451.
Повний текст джерелаRigato, Annafrancesca. "Characterization of cell mechanics with atomic force microscopy : Mechanical mapping and high-speed microrheology." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4070/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe field of cell mechanics gained a growing interest because of its fundamental implication in several cellular processes, such as migration, division, differentiation and apoptosis. Among other techniques, atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated particularly useful for the mechanical characterization of living cells. In this thesis, two different aspects were investigated by AFM. In the first part, the elastic properties of epithelial cells grown on adhesive micropatterns were mapped. This study shows that the elasticity of a cell varies as a function of the geometry of its adhesive environment on both global and subcellular scales. The second part of this thesis focuses on the characterization of the viscoelastic response of a cell subjected to an oscillatory mechanical stimulus at high frequency. Previous studies show that the response of cells to such stimuli is mainly dominated by elastic stress and follows a weak power law at low frequency. Instead, a predominantly viscous behavior is expected at high frequency. Up to now, technical limitations prevented the experimental validation of this property. In this thesis, these limitations were overcome thanks to the modification of a high-speed AFM (HS-AFM). With this setup, active rheological measurements of living fibroblasts could be performed from 1 Hz to 120 kHz, extending of two orders of magnitude the frequency scale explored until now. This work highlights a response of cells to high-frequency stimuli which is more viscous than at low frequency, but also suggests a more complex response than expected
Patris, Julie. "Contributions en méthodes pour le suivi de mysticètes par acoustique passive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0016.
Повний текст джерелаPassive acoustic monitoring has a growing importance in marine mammals studies. This work is concerned with the largest of marine mammals, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus). We obtained a new corpus of acoustic data in the northern part of Chile, in the Humboldt archipelago. We show the presence of a song characteristic of the 'Chilean' blue whale, formerly described in southern Chile and Galapagos islands. Based on this sang type, we propose new methods of analysing and classifying pulsed sounds. Using the fundamental frequency thus obtained, we analyse the blue whale's sang, showing a general evolution of the frequency on a decadal scale. We also construct a method of monohydrophone source localisation based on high performance simulation of the acoustic wave field, by spectral elements methods. We conclude emphasizing on the importance of bioacoustic for monitoring the marine world
Hleis, Dany. "Evaluation de la contribution d'émissions sidérurgiques à la teneur en particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère à une échelle locale." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0263.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objectives of this thesis were to explain the temporal variation of airborne particulate levels at a local scale in the city of Dunkirk (North of France) and to assess a source apportionment. A particular attention was paid to the impact of industrial emissions on air quality during the sampling period. Airbornes particulates were collected over four month period in 2008 under various influences : urban, industrial, sea and continental. Particulate emissions from an integrated steelworks were also analyzed to get their characteristics : element profiles from global analysis and data on individual particulate composition. In ambient air, the levels of metals and soluble ions contents depend not only on local emissions, but also on the contribution of long range transport particulate. Source apportionment was provided from the application of a weighted non negative matrix factorization (NMF) tool developed within the scope of this work. Results analysis did permit the evaluation of both industrial and non industrial contribution on the composition of airborne particulate
Rimetz, Juliette. "Les aérosols de pollution en zone urbaine et industrielle sous influence marine : physico-chimie des particules." Phd thesis, Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-247.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMartignac, François. "Utilisation de deux outils hydroacoustiques pour analyser la dynamique migratoire du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L.) dans deux fleuves de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARH097/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is as emblematic as in a global decline, as most of the diadromous fish species. Dams have direct consequences on the river ecological continuity and indirect effects, such as the modification of the hydrological and hydrosedimentary dynamics which affects these populations. In Normandy (France), the Couesnon River’s estuary flood-gate dam has recently been replaced by a new dam proceeding to water releases at low tide stall. This functioning may decrease the salmon abundance or disturb their migration dynamic on this river. To study the dam influence, a split-beam echosounder has been settled upstream the dam and has recorded Philippe BOëTpermanently the salmon migrations during the summer period from 2010 to 2014. The hydroacoustic methods, non-intrusive and independent from the turbidity conditions, provide useful information, neither available nor quantifiable with other existing monitoring technics. To evaluate the disturbance of the estuarine damthe migration dynamic of the same species has also been monitored on a nearby river, the Sélune River, whose estuary is free-flowing. The hydroacoustic tool settled on this river, a DIDSON, belongs to the acoustic camera generation and benefits from recent technological improvements. The defined methodologies highlight the advantages and limits of both tools, revealing the information gain brought by the acoustic cameras. A dam functioning influence on the Atlantic salmon migration has been revealed, but no negative impact has been described on the salmon annual recruitment level. This study
Gerhard, Pierre. "Réduction de modèles cinétiques et applications à l'acoustique du bâtiment." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2020/pierre_gerhard_2020_ED269.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn this PhD thesis we are interested in the study of different numerical methods for the simulation of high-frequency acoustic problems taking place on the scale of the building. ln the high-frequency approximation the sound propagation can be modeled through a kinetic transport equation paired with the boundary conditions that describe the specular or diffuse nature of the reflections with the boundaries of the demain. ln the first part of this paper we will tackle the resolution of this model, posed in a seven-dimensional space, by the application of the discrete ordinates method. This method consists in the discretisation of the velocity space into a finite number of allowable directions and leads to a system of coupled transport equations having lest ail velocity dependence. Secondly, we will apply the method of moments with entropie closure. The resulting system, of a hyperbolic nature, allows the macroscopic dynamics to be described by only two conservative variables. ln two dimensions, the resolution of these models is performed through a finite volume scheme implemented on GPU. ln three dimensions, a discontinuous Galerkin method is used which can be executed on a hybrid GPU/CPU architecture. For comparative purposes, a particle method has aise been implemented and solved using a fully GPU-parallelised ray-tracing algorithm. Finally, we will apply and compare the developed methods on several test cases specific to room acoustics
Bouloc, Jeremy. "Système de contrôle pour microscope à force atomique basé sur une boucle à verrouillage de phase entièrement numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4307/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to characterize insulating materials or semiconductors with a resolution up to the atomic length scale. The microscope includes a force sensor linked to a control electronic in order to properly characterize these materials. Among the various modes (static and dynamic), we focus mainly on the dynamic mode and especially on the frequency modulation mode (FM-AFM). In this mode, the force sensor is maintained as a harmonic oscillator by the servo system. The research project ANR Pnano2008 entitled: "metal piezoresistivity silicon carbide cantilever for very high frequency dynamic AFM" aims to significantly increase the performance of a FM-AFM by developing new very high frequency force sensors. The goal is to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and to decrease the time necessary to obtain topography images of the material. The control system of this new sensor must be able to detect frequency variations as small as 100mHz for cantilevers with resonance frequencies up to 50MHz. Since the state-of-the-art systems doe not present these performances, the objective of this thesis was to develop a new control system. It is fully digital and it is implemented on a FPGA based prototyping board. In this report, we present the system overall functioning and its main features which are related to the cantilever resonant frequency detection. This detection is managed by a phase locked loop (PLL) which is the key element of the system
Rimetz, Juliette. "Les aérosols de pollution en zone urbaine et industrielle sous influence marine : physico-chimie des particules." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282543.
Повний текст джерелаSchneider, Solange. "Molybdophosphate d'ammonium immobilisé sur silice mésoporeuse pour l'adsorption sélective du radiocésium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29696/29696.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRadiocesium (137Cs) sources are commercially used in medical and industrial domains. Several methods, including γ-spectroscopy, can detect low concentrations of 137Cs. However, only mass spectroscopy can achieve the determination of the 135Cs/137Cs, which is important to characterize the radiosource. Radiocesium having several isobaric interferences, it is hence necessary to chemically separate the cesium from its matrix. Cesium separation has been studied by using ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) based adsorbents, this salt being known to be selective to Cs+. These sorbents are supported on mesoporous silicas (SBA-15), which allows to enhance the specific surface of the material and thus stabilizes the cationic exchanger, allowing regeneration. Materials have been analysed by inorganic mass spectrometry, X-ray diffration, thermogravimetric analysis and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine their chemicals characteristics. Physical characteristics have been determined by electronic microscopy and by nitrogen physisorption at -196 °C. Extraction capacities have also been studied by inorganic mass spectrometry.
Courtiade, Nicolas. "Experimental analysis of the unsteady flow and instabilities in a high-speed multistage compressor." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838695.
Повний текст джерелаLei, Fang. "Innovative solutions for acoustic resonance characterization in metal halide lamps." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20219/7/LEI_Fang_20219.pdf.
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