Дисертації: "Microfinance programme"

1

Habte, Amine Teclay. "The impact of microfinance on household livelihoods : evidence from rural Eritrea." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4885.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Eritrea, a relatively young African nation, is one of the least developed countries in the world. Its economy is predominantly dependent on subsistence agriculture and the level and magnitude of poverty is more severe in rural areas. The formal financial sector is underdeveloped, state-owned, far from being competitive, and limited in terms of depth and breadth as measured by the relevant financial sector development indicators. To address the limitations of the formal banking sector and to help fill the financing gap, and improve the general livelihood of those at the lower income group, the Government of Eritrea introduced a Saving and Microcredit Programme (SMCP) in 1996 for which no scientific study measuring its impact has been done at the household level. The study was conducted in rural areas to find out whether the SMCP as a microfinance institution has improved the livelihood of its clients. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the characteristic feature of rural livelihoods in terms of the resources owned, the strategies pursued and outcomes achieved, identify and examine the determinants of household participation in the SMCP and finally assess the impact of participation in SMCP on household livelihoods. The study employed a quasi-experimental cross-sectional survey design involving structured and semi-structured questionnaire administered to 500 respondents of whom 200 represented the treated group and 300 the controlled group. Logit regression was employed to identify the factors that determine household participation in the SMCP. In regard to this, age of the client household, household size, marital status, level of education of the client household, the size of first round loan, entrepreneurial experience, type of loan product offered by the institution, ownership of livestock and microenterprise, the perception of the client on involuntary deposits, the occurrence of a negative events (shock) to the household and village access to electricity were found to have statistically significant effect on the household‟s probability to participate in the SMCP. Furthermore, the marginal effects were also computed to evaluate the contribution of each of these factors to the likelihood of participating in the SMCP. A propensity score matching model was applied to assess the impact of the programme on the livelihood of its clients. The findings reveal that participation in the SMCP has a significantly higher average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) households. Profits generated from off-farm and small microenterprises, the values of household and livestock assets, food and non-food consumption expenditures and nutrition quality, were found to be on average higher for the treated households than for the controlled households. Therefore, it could be argued that the provision of micro financial resources has significant positive effects on household livelihood outcomes. The study has important social and economic policy implication regarding the role of finance in rural development.

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Duval, Lise. "La microfinance dans une économie rurale en transition : l'amélioration de l'accès des ménages ruraux au marché financier en République de Moldavie, par un programme de microfinance." Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0004.

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3

Karlsson, Julia, and Elin Aronsson. "Women's vulnerability to poverty : An ethnographic study of the life of women participating in a Red Cross microfinance programme in Entebbe, Uganda." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1324.

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This dissertation was made possible with a Minor Field Study scholarship, financed by SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). The study is based upon the life stories of women participating in a micro finance programme within the Red Cross in Uganda, Entebbe branch. A microfinance programme means giving financial services in the form of small loans for poor people in developing countries.

Our purpose is to examine why the women participating in the programme need support to start up their own businesses. Further our emphasis is to examine how the programme affects and changes the life situation of the women participating.

Our dissertation is an attempt to an ethnographic study. Empirical findings mainly consist of information gained through conversations with Red Cross workers and women participating in the programme and visits to villages and women groups. A qualitative strategy can further give a description of our methodological approach; we analysed how the women participants themselves described and interpreted their life situation.

The study’s results describe how the women’s subordination in relation to men affects to their limited access to resources and vulnerability to poverty. The women’s subordination in the villages is recognized trough situations of exploitation, monopolisation and an acceptance of their marginalised position. Women are by men many times deprived from their benefits in work and excluded from important resources as for example education, because of their allotted labour. The women’s response to their subordination is acceptance, which preserves their situation.

The Red Cross micro finance programme improves the women’s life situation in many ways but do not focus on changing their subordination in relation to men, which is the main factor that limits their access to resources and keeps them from rupturing their marginalisation.

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4

Tesfamariam, Berhane Ghebreslasie. "Assessing the sustainability of Saving and Micro-Credit Programme (SMCP), Eritrea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1963.

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5

Bayen, Bayen Edmund. "The determinants of participation in microfinance and its impact on rural welfare: case study of the National Development Bank Botswana's Temo Bokamoso Lending programme in Kweneng District." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28988.

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This thesis investigates the determinants of participation in microfinance programmes and its impact on rural welfare in order to suggest improvements to the level of participation and the effectiveness of the programmes. The level of participation by rural smallholders in Botswana is much lower than expected in spite of the availability of schemes and their ease of access. The study uses one of National Development Bank Botswana's credit schemes in Kweneng District to investigate this problem. A field survey was carried out on 112 smallholder farmers, half of whom are scheme participants, to establish what factors affect the probability of their participation in the scheme. The study applied a logit model to determine which variables significantly affected the probability of participation in the credit scheme. The results indicated that some variables like gender and educational status had little effect on the probability of participation. A number of policy variables which include age, previous experience of credit use, respondents' perception of group collateral, distance from the National Development Bank, access to irrigation and total landholding size were found to have a significant effect. On the welfare effect, more than half of participants in the microfinance credit scheme indicated that their welfare improved as a direct result of the programme. As future research, it would be useful if the study could be extended to all districts of the country to enable the generalization of findings and provide valuable information for agricultural and poverty alleviation policy purposes.

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6

Haldar, Antara. "Rethinking law and development : evidence from land titling and microfinance programmes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609180.

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7

Langevin-Laprise, Marie. "Les relations entre la participation aux programmes de microfinance et les processus d'empowerment des femmes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26527/26527.pdf.

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8

Langevin, Marie. "Les relations entre la participation aux programmes de microfinance et les processus d'empowerment des femmes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21190.

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Ce mémoire analyse les relations entre la participation aux programmes de microfinance et les processus d'empowerment des femmes. Au moyen d'une étude de cas à portée comparative de deux institutions de microfinance asiatiques, la Grameen Bank du Bangladesh et Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) en Inde, j'examine, en fonction des données secondaires déjà publiées, dans quelle mesure ces institutions ont un effet sur les processus d'empowerment des participantes. J'analyse précisément les effets en regard de six dimensions de l'empowerment (économique, socioculturelle, familiale/interpersonnelle, juridique, politique et psychologique) se manifestant au niveau personnel ou du ménage et au niveau de la communauté. Enfin, j'étudie dans quelle mesure, ces effets sont modulés par le contexte d'action des institutions et par le type d'approche qui encadre la mise en oeuvre de leurs programmes de microfinance.

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9

Ibrahim, Sabir M. "Assessing the impact of micro-lending programmes in the informal sector in Cape Town. A case study, The Nations Trust Organization." University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7810.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
The promotion of widespread entrepreneurship through the setting up of small and medium sized enterprises (SMMEs ) is crucial for the transformation to a market economy and the democratisation of society in \the new South Africa. SMMEs are recognized as an engine of economic \ \growth and a source of sustainable development. Within this sector micro , 1nd small enterprises are of special importance because they are considered as the cradle of entrepreneurship, particularly in environments facing high ketllPIQYII'1:en!and poverty,. as j!) the case ~~.South Africg,

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10

Ghalib, Asad Kamran. "How effective are microfinance programmes in serving the poorest? : empirical perspectives on outreach and impact from survey-based research." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/how-effective-are-microfinance-programmes-in-serving-the-poorest-empirical-perspectives-on-outreach-and-impact-from-surveybased-research(f7ae1e26-6c5f-4f86-8c09-369e9d66adf3).html.

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The Microfinance Model has been applied extensively on a global scale as a strategy for reducing poverty and promoting development. The ensuing results have transformed both the social and economic lives of countless households worldwide. While some practitioners and academics consider the results to be indisputably affirmative, others have questioned the legitimacy and sanctity of the findings, and have even argued that in certain cases (gender empowerment, for instance) the impact has not been as promising as portrayed. This research centres on two questions: first, it measures the depth (as opposed to breadth) of programme outreach, i.e. how ‘deep down’ microfinance has been able to reach by gauging what category of the poor it currently serves; and second, it assesses the nature and extent of impact that programme participation has had on borrowers’ livelihoods. The study draws on first-hand observations and empirical data gathered from 1,132 households across eleven districts in the rural areas of the province of Punjab in Pakistan. In order to accurately portray the multi-dimensional nature of poverty, the survey captures household characteristics over four dimensions divided into a multitude of variables. The study employs quasi-experimental research design and hence makes use of data collected by interviewing both borrower (treatment) and non-borrower (control) households. By applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model, each household is allocated a specific poverty score in relation to all other households in the sample, to generate a poverty index which enables ranking and further analysis. In order to account for the problem of selection bias in the sample, the study uses propensity scores and assesses programme impact by applying both kernel and stratification methods, across the four dimensions on which poverty levels are captured. Study findings reveal that depth of programme outreach is poor, as there is a proportionately higher distribution of borrowers in the ‘less poor’ category (41 percent); the ‘middle poor’ are 35 percent, and the smallest proportion of borrowers served (22 percent) belongs to the ‘very poor’ category. Regarding programme impact, there are mixed results; although borrowers seem to fare better across around 70 percent of the indicators, a majority of these are not statistically significant. This suggests that despite producing some degree of positive impact, microfinance institutions still have to do a lot more if they are to make a real difference to the poors’ livelihoods. Finally, policy implications that can assist towards both deepening outreach and enhancing programme impact are discussed.

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11

Ahmad, Adnan. "Exploring the influence of interest free microfinance programmes on empowerment of the participating women borrowers in Pakistan : an interpretative inquiry." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/48497/.

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This study has argued that conventional microfinance has failed to serve a large number of Muslim consumers worldwide, which provided an opportunity to interest free microfinance to emerge as a subsector within the microfinance industry to serve this unserved target market. In the last few years, it has acquired particular recognition in Pakistan; however, there is lack of evidence to suggest that interest free microfinance is more successful than conventional microfinance. In this context, this study investigates the influence of interest free microfinance on empowerment of the women borrowers, which is one of the two main objectives of microfinance interventions. This study has also highlighted that extant microfinance literature has ignored the contextual and subjective nature of women empowerment in conceptualising the impacts of microfinance on women empowerment, which may significantly misrepresent the potential of microfinance. This study has attempted to fill the knowledge gap by employing interpretative phenomenology as a research methodology to achieve two specific research objectives: (a) to explore, in the microfinance context, women borrowers' perceptions on what empowerment means in their respective lives to identify empowerment indicators; and (b) to explore women's experiences of participation in interest free microfinance programmes to study the influence of interest free microfinance on women's perceived empowerment. Applying theoretical lens of capability approach, this study has used in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation to gain insights from women's perceptions and lived experiences of participation in interest free microfinance programmes. The study has been carried out in Pakpattan district of Pakistan in the context of Akhuwat foundation, which is the largest interest free microfinance organisation in Pakistan. Akhuwat offers a range of small-scale financial products and services to the poor throughout Pakistan. Consistent with the research methodology, interpretative phenomenological analysis has been used to analyse the data collected from 29 purposefully selected women borrowers of Akhuwat in Pakpattan district. This study has identified eight empowerment indicators from local women's perspective, which have been organised under three superordinate themes: personal empowerment, financial empowerment, and socio-cultural/political empowerment. Based on research findings, this study has found no major influence on women's perceived levels of empowerment, although, majority of the research participants experienced improvements in their financial circumstances at household and business level. The study findings show that the many of the research participants experienced improved self-confidence, greater sense of financial stability, improved relationships and a sense of control on life. A significant and unique finding of this study is that empowerment indicators are not only context specific but person specific as well; since empowerment indicators did not mean or signify empowerment for research participants collectively.

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Martínez, Dajui Esteban. "A construção da cidadania através da identidade socioprofissional das mulheres rurais que participam em programas de microfinanciamento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7907.

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A tese analisa o processo de construção de cidadania através da (re)definição da identidade socioprofissional de mulheres rurais. Trata-se de mulheres envolvidas em atividades agropecuárias, agroindustriais e artesanais, que participam em dois programas de microfinanciamento – o Proyecto de Desarrollo Rural Integral Autosostenible (PDRIA), no México, e o Sistema de Cooperativa de Crédito com Integração Solidária (CRESOL), no Brasil – para o acesso aos instrumentos produtivos (crédito, capacitação e assistência técnica). Neste sentido, a (re)definição da identidade profissional, as qualifica para o domínio dos instrumentos produtivos e dos processos decisórios que lhes atribui reconhecimento pela validação social dessas atividades, através do acesso ao mercado ao serviço de assistência técnica. Este processo de inclusão, através do microfinanciamento, agrega renda na família e dinamiza o desenvolvimento rural tanto na propriedade familiar quanto na localidade. O acesso e usos do crédito possibilitam às mulheres agregarem atividades que contribuem para a reprodução social das famílias agricultora, porém, sem romper com as atividades tradicionais e em muitos casos, ampliando-as. Esta aquisição de identidades socioprofissional possui profunda inter-relação com o sentido e conceito do trabalho. O desenvolvimento da cidadania está se materializando através do processo de profissionalização com apoio das políticas do microfinanciamento e, esta experiência estimula a participação em outras organizações na sociedade e mesmo na política. Este processo amplia suas necessidades simbólicas, além das materiais, estimulando a apropriação de conhecimentos e de acessos a bens culturais que facilitam a vinculação de sua cidadania ao processo de globalização, atribuindo maior competitividade às atividades produtivas.
This thesis deals with the process of construction of citizenship through the redefinition of professional identity of rural women. It concerns to women that are involved in farm, agro industrial and craftsmanship activities who participate in two programs of microfinance – Proyecto de Desarrollo Rural Integral Autosostenible (PDRIA), in Mexico, and Sistema de Cooperativa de Crédito com Integração Solidária (CRESOL), in Brazil – in order to access the productive instruments (credit, capacitation and technical assistance). In this sense, the redefinition of the professional identity qualifies them to the domain of the productive instruments and the processes of decision which attribute them recognition for the validation of these activities through the access to the market and technical assistance services. This process of inclusion through microfinance adds economic resources in the family and becomes rural development more dynamic in the familiar property and also in the community. However, the access and the uses of the credit become possible to the women to add activities that contribute to the social reproduction of the agricultural families without breaking traditional activities and, in many cases, wide them. This acquisition of socioprofissional identities has some deep interrelation with sense and concept of work. The citizenship development is raising through the process of professionalization with some support of microfinance policies and this experience stimulates the participation in other organizations of the society and even so in politics. This process increases their symbolical necessities, besides material necessities, stimulating the appropriation of knowledge and the access of cultural possessions that facilitate the linkage of their citizenship to the globalization process, and become their productive activities more competitive.

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Souza, Marcus Humberto Leitão de. "A inserção das microfinanças na agenda de reformas para o desenvolvimento: origens, premissas e significados dos programas de incentivo às microfinanças no brasil." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2007. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/marcus_humberto_leitao_de_souza.pdf.

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Este estudo buscou evidenciar e analisar as premissas em que se sustentam as políticas de incentivo às microfinanças, estabelecendo a sua relação com as transformações econômicas e sociais promovidas pelo novo paradigma de desenvolvimento adotado pelos governos brasileiros a partir da década de 90. Baseado numa pesquisa exploratória, o estudo visou também interpretar os significados da implementação de tais políticas como reflexo da visão predominante da sociedade brasileira sobre as causas e meios de combater a pobreza no país. As evidências apresentadas no trabalho mostraram que as políticas de incentivo às microfinanças fazem parte de um conjunto de reformas que os governos brasileiros vêm implementando de modo a adequar o mercado nacional à crescente integração do sistema econômico mundial, com o apoio e influência das organizações da cooperação internacional. Após o primeiro ciclo de medidas de caráter macroeconômico, o foco das políticas públicas foi direcionado para as variáveis microeconômicas, entre elas a ampliação do mercado de crédito, que está na origem do apoio às microfinanças. O estudo concluiu que o discurso e as práticas sobre o segmento de microfinanças são baseados na tese liberal de que a redução das desigualdades sociais pode ser atingida por políticas de criação de oportunidades para que os pobres possam desenvolver atividades produtivas gerando trabalho e renda. Há evidências de que o acesso aos serviços financeiros pela população pobre produz benefícios como a possibilidade de um melhor planejamento dos gastos das famílias e a viabilização de negócios para os micro-empresários e empreendedores de pequeno porte. Contudo, constatou-se que a manutenção do elevado patamar de pobreza no Brasil tem várias causas, o que permite afirmar que as microfinanças, pelo seu limitado alcance, pouco podem contribuir para a diminuição desse problema, cuja natureza é estrutural. Por fim, este estudo concluiu que uma possível explicação para o crescente apoio da sociedade brasileira a esse tipo de política pública reside na busca por soluções para a pobreza que eludem os conflitos de interesse que são, porém, essenciais ao entendimento do problema.
Salvador

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Nurchasanah. "Post-project Sustainability Analysis Using Complex System Approach: A Case Study in Microfinance (Revolving Loan Fund Project) in Indonesia." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135990.

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Poverty and other human development issues remain a large global problem requiring a solution. The long-term effectiveness of international development projects aiming to address the issues is difficult to achieve. Even for projects that are successful in their implementation phase. One important criterion of long-term project success is sustainability which can provide long-term benefits to society. Microfinance potentially provides enduring solutions for poverty alleviation by providing permanent access to microcredit for the poor, yet it also faces challenges in its sustainability. Further, the complex characteristics of international development projects and their sustainability have created the need for a comprehensive and complex approach to projects. This study involved a post-project sustainability analysis of an international development project (microfinance/revolving loan fund) using a complex systems approach. The analysis resulted in the provision of a sustainability evaluation framework for an international development project and its application in a microfinance project; understanding the sustainability of microfinance projects through a complex systems approach; and exploration of factors that can influence the sustainability of microfinance projects. This study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches with case study design in a microfinance (Revolving Loan Fund) project in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews, observation, document review, focus group discussions (FGDs) and a survey. The data collection was conducted in the province from October 2019 to December 2020. SPSS and NVivo software was used to analyse the data. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, a framework to evaluate the sustainability of an international development project is proposed. The framework’s application shows that a complex systems approach is applicable to post-project sustainability evaluation. Moreover, the case study showed that the project is sustainable. The study has implications for project sustainability and microfinance. First, the framework provides more comprehensive information about the sustainability of a project. Second, microfinance programmes can be sustainable without subsidies and can achieve financial and social goals. Second, the results revealed that some issues arose in response to the closure of the project, and actions were taken to cope with those issues. These are related to project governance, accountability, capital and profitability, competition and empowerment. The analysis also showed that the move towards a sustainable project presents characteristics of complex systems, including interconnectedness, adaptive capacity, feedback, self-organisation and emergence (IAFSE). Further, this study’s findings have implications for microfinance sustainability management and programme design. First, they demonstrate the importance of effective stakeholder management, leadership and a network-based governance system. Second, they identify the importance of including flexibility in programme design; planning by the governing body, accountability and control mechanisms after project completion; equipping the community with knowledge and skills; and recruiting the right people. Third, an exploration of factors that may influence the sustainability of microfinance projects showed that project-based microfinance (RLF) sustainability is influenced by local project characteristics, community support and project management. This implies that project implementation and its sustainability are concomitant. Further, project implementation that considers the local community and is supported by project management may play an essential role in the project’s sustainability.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2022

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Dekker, Reinder Albertus. "The design of a micro-finance programme in San communities in Western Botswana." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1037.

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The objective of this thesis is to examine the need for people and communities to develop liquid assets through a savings programme and to work productively with these savings. It had to be taken into consideration that at least some members of the population could be considered non-monetary in their orientation. In order to achieve this objective a participatory and culturally sensitive micro-finance programme was designed through an Action Research methodology. By combining mainly quantitative baseline information, detailed and more qualitative work with some of the participants and routine output from the programme activities, the study aimed to arrive at concrete conclusions concerning the way a micro-finance programme has worked in San conununities and make recommendations regarding its future. lt was found that the programme has made at least some of the participants more conversant with the handling of cash and also contributed to increased self-respect. Developing liquid assets was most difficult for the poorest participants and the majority of these poorest are women. The San people are the poorest; even among other marginal rural minorities and should receive special assistance. The programme was moderately successful in helping participants to save towards larger needs and to even out income flows. It could not be established whether the programme could make a contribution to the development of long~term assets. Initiatives to establish microenterprises with the capital met with only limited success. The programme was not successful in establishing a savings programme as an alternative to cattle farming and should rather be seen as a complementary strategy for increasing household assets. It was found that the emphasis on savings mobilisation, rather than the creation of debt through credit was valid. Increased incomes will lead to increased indebtedness. A higher influx of cash in a San community is likely to be unevenly spread and is also likely to increase the gap between the wealthier and poorer community members. It was concluded that projects that meet basic and immediate needs such as food, shelter and housing, should be integrated with programmes that address larger needs such as loss of culture and land. A process of empowerment cannot be supported when rural poverty is not addressed.
Development Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Development Administration)

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Dhlamini, Sinelisiwe Lebohang. "Microfinance programmes : working towards empowering women living in a rural context?" Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8424.

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This study aimed to investigate the experiences of women living in a rural area who participate in a microfinance programme called SaveAct. Microfinance programmes have been established to assist people, financially, living on a low income. Their primary focus is women because of the high level of poverty amongst them. Microfinance programmes seek to promote entrepreneurship in order for people to start income generating activities and to be more self-sufficient. This initiative intends to empower women by making funds available to them, so that these funds can transform into something more sustainable and help them in improving their lives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 female participants from the rural areas of Richmond and Obonjaneni, KwaZulu-Natal, in South Africa. A thematic analysis showed that women have experienced some change in their lives, as a result of getting access to funds and participating in SaveAct. Some of these changes included increased personal autonomy, self-confidence and business knowledge. These changes suggest that this sample of women has been empowered despite the backdrop of a patriarchal society. Women felt more in control of their lives and had gained some independence in their homes in terms of contributing to household income. Despite these changes more integrated services are still needed so that both genders are equipped with financial information as it affects the household, so that there is more equality in the household economically. More quality financial services are also needed in rural contexts in order for communities to be more knowledgeable about finances and to build businesses that will feed into the economy in the long term.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

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Pereira, Fernanda Sofia Domingues. "Porquê as taxas aplicadas no microcrédito diferem de país para país? : uma discussão com dados seccionais." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/19780.

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Анотація:

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Social
O objectivo deste trabalho é analisar as variáveis socioeconómicas que influenciam o número de projectos de Microcrédito em todo o mundo centrando o estudo nas variáveis que levam a uma maior taxa de incumprimento e o que motiva a prática de elevadas taxas em programas de Microcrédito levados a cabo por MFIs (Instituições de Microfinanças). Pretende-se explorar o porquê do número de devedores / credores ser maior ou menor dependendo de cada país, e que variáveis influenciam o seu comportamento. Isto irá permitir distinguir as regiões onde se pratica mais microcrédito, em que base e por que é que, em alguns casos, se detecta uma maior incidência de incumprimento. Os resultados mostraram que os casos “verdes” (caracterizados por uma menor probabilidade de incumprimento) aumentam quando é obrigatória a presença de colateral e se o caso não se passa em África. Níveis mais elevados de população abaixo da linha da pobreza, níveis mais elevados do índice de Gini, e ser um país Africano pode levar a níveis mais elevados de casos amarelos. Observou-se que a percentagem de casos vermelhos (caracterizados por uma maior probabilidade de incumprimento) tende a ser mais elevada se tivermos um valor menor de empresas que utilizam os bancos para financiar os investimentos, se observamos uma redução da expressão de pequenas empresas, e se tivermos valores menores de colateral associados ao empréstimo em causa. Nesta época de desafio para a economia mundial, será interessante verificar/acompanhar como o sector das Microfinanças será capaz de superar o incumprimento do crédito e tentar responder á seguinte pergunta: "Quais são os determinantes para o incumprimento?". Irei tentar responder a esta questão nas secções seguintes.
The purpose of this work is to study the socio-economic variables that influence the number of Microcredit projects worldwide. I also intend to study the socio-economic variables that lead to a higher default rate. In order to do this study, it will be used a database from MIX-Market and some more variables will be included. The intention is to explore why the number of debtors/lenders is higher or lower depending on each country, and what variables influence this behavior. This will allow to distinguish the regions where there is more microcredit and on what basis and why, in some cases, it is found to have a higher incidence of default. The results showed that green cases (characterized by a lower probability of default) are increased when more collateral value is required and if the case is not in Africa. Higher levels of population under the poverty line, higher levels of the Gini Index, and being an African country lead to higher levels of yellow cases. It was observed that the percentage of red cases (characterized by a higher probability of default) tend to rise if we have a smaller value of firms using banks to finance investments, if we observe a reduced expression of small firms, and if we have smaller values of collateral needed for a loan. In this time of challenge for the world economy, it will be interesting to monitor how the Microfinance sector will be able to overcome the failure of credit and will try to answer the following question: "What are the determinants for failure?" In the following sections, i will try to answer this question.

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Дисертації з теми "Microfinance programme"

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