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1
Morey, Timothy E., Jerome H. Modell, Dushyant Shekhawat, Todd Grand, Dinesh O. Shah, Nikolaus Gravenstein, Susan P. McGorray, and Donn M. Dennis. "Preparation and Anesthetic Properties of Propofol Microemulsions in Rats." Anesthesiology 104, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200606000-00013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background The lipophilicity of propofol has required dispersion in a soybean macroemulsion. The authors hypothesized that the anesthetic properties of propofol are preserved when reformulated as a transparent microemulsion rather than as a turbid macroemulsion and that the dose-response relation can be selectively modified by altering the microemulsion's surfactant type and concentration. Methods Microemulsions of propofol were formulated using purified poloxamer 188 (3%, 5%, 7%), and sodium salt of fatty acids (C(8), C(10), C(12)) in saline and characterized using ternary/binary diagrams, particle sizing, and stability upon dilution. Rats received propofol (10 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1)) as either a microemulsion or a conventional macroemulsion to determine these end points: induction (dose; stunned; loss of lash reflex, righting reflex, withdrawal to toe pinch) and recovery (recovery of lash, righting, withdrawal reflexes). After a 14-day recovery period, rats were crossed over into the opposite experimental limb. Results Forty-eight microemulsions (diameter, 11.9-47.7 nm) were formulated. Longer carbon chain length led to a marked increase in the volume of diluent necessary to break these microemulsions. All rats experienced anesthetic induction with successful recovery, although significantly greater doses of propofol were required to induce anesthesia with microemulsions irrespective of surfactant concentration or type than with macroemulsions. The sodium salt of C10 fatty acid microemulsion required the greatest dose and longest time for anesthetic induction. Conclusion Propofol microemulsions cause induction in rats similar to that from macroemulsions. The surfactant concentration and type markedly affect the spontaneous destabilization and anesthetic properties of microemulsions, a phenomenon suggesting a mechanism whereby dose-response relation can be selectively modified.
2
Kaewbanjong, Jarika, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, and Prapaporn Boonme. "Formulation and Characterization of Clotrimazole Microemulsions and Microemulsion-Based Gels." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 04 (August 2014): 1440005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14400055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to formulate and physically characterized clotrimazole microemulsions and microemulsion based-gels compared with their blank counterparts. Microemulsions were prepared by simple mixing of isopropyl palmitate, 2:1 mixture of water and isopropyl alcohol and 1:1 mixture of polyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monooleate. To develop microemulsion-based gels, fumed silica was use as a thickening agent at 2.5, 5 or 7.5% w/w. All studied formulations, i.e., 2 microemulsions and 6 microemulsion based-gels were investigated for physical properties such as appearance, conductivity, pH, rheological behavior and spreadability. Afterwards, 2 microemulsions (ME1 and ME2) and 2 microemulsion based-gels (MBG1-3 and MBG2-2) were selected to incorporate with clotrimazole and then investigated for physical properties. All formulations showed good appearance and physical properties. Clotrimazole did not affect most characteristics of their blank counterparts, except conductivity. Therefore, the investigated microemulsions and microemulsion based gels could be used as the vehicles of clotrimazole for skin drug delivery.
3
Mishra, Amul, Ridhi Panola, and A. C. Rana. "Microemulsions: As drug delivery system." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 4 (August 25, 2014): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3412.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microemulsions are excellent candidates as potential drug delivery systems because of their improved drug solubilization, long shelf life, and ease of preparation and administration. The formulation of microemulsion for pharmaceutical use requires a thorough understanding of the properties, uses, and limitations of microemulsion. Three distinct microemulsions – oil external, water external and middle phase can be used for drug delivery, depending upon the type of drug delivery upon the type of drug and the site of action. In this article, Since the term ‘microemulsion’ was first coined almost fifty years ago to describe clear, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems composed of oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant, numerous and varied reports of the applications of microemulsions have appeared in the literature. Reports of the use of microemulsions in separation science began to appear in the literature in the early 1990’s when they were first used as mobile phases for HPLC and as carrier electrolytes for CE separations, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.
4
Rusling, James F. "Green synthesis via electrolysis in microemulsions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 12 (January 1, 2001): 1895–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173121895.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electrolysis in microemulsions is a promising approach for environmentally friendly chemical synthetic methods of the future. Employing microemulsions instead of organic solvents for electrosynthesis has the advantages of lower toxicity and cost, high dissolving power for reactants and mediators of unlike solubility, enhancement of reaction rates by controlling the reduction potentials of mediators, possible reaction pathway control, and recycling of microemulsion components. This paper reviews recent progress in using microemulsions for direct and mediated electrosynthesis, including formation of carboncarbon bonds. Rates of mediated reactions can be controlled by manipulating microemulsion composition. Examples are presented, in which reaction pathways of direct and mediated electrolyses can be controlled with microemulsions to give desired products in high yields. Such control has been demonstrated with dissolved and surface-bound mediators. For a covalently linked scaffold of poly(l-lysine) and cobalt corrin vitamin B12 hexacarboxylate attached to graphite, catalytic turnover rate for reduction of 1,2-dibromocylcohexane was optimized by optimizing microemulsion composition.
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Li, Menghua, Haixia Zhang, Zongxu Wu, Zhenxing Zhu, and Xinlei Jia. "DPD Simulation on the Transformation and Stability of O/W and W/O Microemulsions." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dissipative particle dynamics simulation method is adopted to investigate the microemulsion systems prepared with surfactant (H1T1), oil (O) and water (W), which are expressed by coarse-grained models. Two topologies of O/W and W/O microemulsions are simulated with various oil and water ratios. Inverse W/O microemulsion transform to O/W microemulsion by decreasing the ratio of oil-water from 3:1 to 1:3. The stability of O/W and W/O microemulsion is controlled by shear rate, inorganic salt and the temperature, and the corresponding results are analyzed by the translucent three-dimensional structure, the mean interfacial tension and end-to-end distance of H1T1. The results show that W/O microemulsion is more stable than O/W microemulsion to resist higher inorganic salt concentration, shear rate and temperature. This investigation provides a powerful tool to predict the structure and the stability of various microemulsion systems, which is of great importance to developing new multifunctional microemulsions for multiple applications.
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Lu, I.-Ju, Yaw-Syan Fu, Wen-Yu Chang, and Pao-Chu Wu. "Using Microemulsion as Carrier for Drug Transdermal Delivery: The Effect of Surfactants and Cosurfactants." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 10 (August 5, 2019): 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190527091528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of types of surfactants and cosurfactants on physicochemical properties and permeability of sumatriptan-loaded microemulsions through rat skin. Methods: Different types of surfactants and cosurfactants were used to prepare drug-loaded microemulsions. The physicochemical characters and permeability parameters of these formulations were measured. Results: The experimental microemulsions with varying components had small droplet size ranging from 24.6 nm to 2568.8 nm, low viscosity ranging from 7.49 to 43.34 cps and significant permeation enhancement ratio ranging from 23.0 to 98.6 when compared to the control group. Conclusion: The composition and proportion of surfactants and cosurfactants were key factors for the physiochemical properties of drug-loaded microemulsions. The cumulative transdermal amount of the microemulsion containing mixture surfactant of Laureth-3/Laureth-23 was higher than that of the microemulsion with a mixture of Tween 80/Span 20. In the selected cosurfactant, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGMEE) showed highest permeation enhancement. Thermodynamic stability tests revealed that the experimental microemulsion was a stable enough formulation to be considered as a suitable carrier for sumatriptan.
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Scomoroscenco, Cristina, Mircea Teodorescu, Adina Raducan, Miruna Stan, Sorina Nicoleta Voicu, Bodgan Trica, Claudia Mihaela Ninciuleanu, et al. "Novel Gel Microemulsion as Topical Drug Delivery System for Curcumin in Dermatocosmetics." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040505.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gel microemulsion combines the advantages of the microemulsion, which can encapsulate, protect and deliver large quantities of active ingredients, and the gel, which is so appreciated in the cosmetic industry. This study aimed to develop and characterize new gel microemulsions suitable for topical cosmetic applications, using grape seed oil as the oily phase, which is often employed in pharmaceuticals, especially in cosmetics. The optimized microemulsion was formulated using Tween 80 and Plurol® Diisostearique CG as a surfactant mix and ethanol as a co-solvent. Three different water-soluble polymers were selected in order to increase the viscosity of the microemulsion: Carbopol® 980 NF, chitosan, and sodium hyaluronate salt. All used ingredients are safe, biocompatible and biodegradable. Curcumin was chosen as a model drug. The obtained systems were physico-chemically characterized by means of electrical conductivity, dynamic light scattering, polarized microscopy and rheometric measurements. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity was accomplished by MTT assay. In the final phase of the study, the release behavior of Curcumin from the optimized microemulsion and two gel microemulsions was evaluated. Additionally, mathematical models were applied to establish the kinetic release mechanism. The obtained gel microemulsions could be effective systems for incorporation and controlled release of the hydrophobic active ingredients.
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Tunit, Prakairat, Chuda Chittasupho, Kusuma Sriyakul, Parunkul Tungsuruthai, Panlop Chakkavittumrong, Kesara Na-Bangchang, and Somboon Kietinun. "Emulgels Containing Perilla frutescens Seed Oil, Moringa oleifera Seed Oil, and Mixed Seed Oil: Microemulsion and Safety Assessment." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
P. frutescens seed oil and M. oleifera seed oil consist of fatty acids and sterols that are beneficial for skin. Mixing of these oils at 1:1 ratio has shown to increase antioxidant activity of oils. This study aims to formulate emulgels containing microemulsions of P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed P. frutescens and M. oleifera seed oils. The chemical constituents of P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil are analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The microemulsions are formulated by a phase titration method and characterized for the droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential value using a dynamic light scattering technique. The physical and chemical stability of the microemulsions are investigated using a rheometer and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The safety of microemulsion is evaluated on PBMC and human subjects. Emulgels containing three different types of microemulsion are formulated. The results show that P. frutescens seed oil is mainly composed of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid, whereas M. oleifera seed oil contains a high proportion of oleic acid. Mixed seed oil contains a comparable amount of alpha-linolenic acid and oleic acid. All types of oils are composed of β-sitosterol as the major plant sterol. Microemulsions of all types of oils are successfully prepared by using Tween 80 as a surfactant due to the largest transparent region of pseudoternary phase diagram. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of all types of microemulsion are in the acceptable range upon storage at 30 °C for 1 month. Microemulsions exhibit pseudoplastic flow behavior. The percent of remaining oils in all types of microemulsion is more than 90% after storage at 30 °C for 1 month. Emulgels containing three types of microemulsions exhibit good characteristics and no change in viscosity after storage at 4, 30, and 45 °C for 1 month. The safety results reveal that three types of microemulsion do not induce cytotoxicity to PBMC nor induce skin irritation and allergic reactions. Emulgels containing microemulsions developed in this study can be used to safely deliver P. frutescens seed oil, M. oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil to human skin.
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Kang, Sesik, Minsu Ju, and Junghun Kim. "A Study of Ni & Cu Surface Status in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide into a Microemulsion Using QCM." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2016010104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A set of Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCM's) was used to observe the film removal characteristics of three different CO2-nitric acid microemulsions. QCM's electroplated with nickel or copper were used as specimens. F-AOT, NP-4 and the synthesized Proline Surfactant-1 were used as surfactants to create microemulsions. While the F-AOT microemulsion yielded a relatively low removal rate, that of the Proline Surfactant-1 completely removed the Cu metal film within a short period of time. The NP-4 microemulsion removed the metal surface. However, removal rate measurements per QCM were not possible due to the instability of the microemulsion when Cu ions were present in the nitric solution. The reaction kinetics and metal removal capabilities of microemulsion formed by the different surfactants are explained along with the characteristics of reverse micelles.
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Tunit, Prakairat, Somboon Kietinun, Kusuma Sriyakul, Parunkul Tungsukruthai, and Chuda Chittasupho. "Enhancement of Antioxidant Activity by the Combination of Moringa oleifera and Perilla frutescens Seed Oils in Microemulsion." Key Engineering Materials 859 (August 2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.859.100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic antioxidant activity of microemulsion containing mixed Moringa oleifera seed oil and Perilla frutescens seed oils, compared with microemulsion of single oils. The novel microemulsions for the moringa, perilla, and mixed seed oils were formulated by mixing appropriate amount of surfactant, water, and oil phase. The formulation containing the maximum amount of oil which appeared transparent was further evaluated for particle size, size distribution, surface charge, pH, and rheological behavior. The in vitro antioxidant properties of microemulsions were investigated in comparison with essential oils. Cream containing microemulsion was prepared and its physical stability was investigated by heating-cooling cycles. The results showed that the maximum content of oil incorporated in microemulsion system was 12.5%. The mean droplet sizes of moringa, perilla, and mixed oil microemulsion were 159.33±0.77, 183.86±1.42, and 263.43± 9.40 nm, respectively. All formulations exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior. The mixture of moringa and perila seed oils in microemulsion possessed the highest significant antioxidant effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl compared with single oil microemulsion. The cream containing microemulsion exhibited good physical stability. Thus, the current research reveals the benefits of microemulsion containing mixed moringa and perilla seed oils based cream compared with single essential oils.
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Tartaro, Giuseppe, Helena Mateos, Davide Schirone, Ruggero Angelico, and Gerardo Palazzo. "Microemulsion Microstructure(s): A Tutorial Review." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091657.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, isotropic single-phase mixtures of two immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants (and possibly other compounds). The assortment of very different microstructures behind such a univocal macroscopic definition is presented together with the experimental approaches to their determination. This tutorial review includes a necessary overview of the microemulsion phase behavior including the effect of temperature and salinity and of the features of living polymerlike micelles and living networks. Once these key learning points have been acquired, the different theoretical models proposed to rationalize the microemulsion microstructures are reviewed. The focus is on the use of these models as a rationale for the formulation of microemulsions with suitable features. Finally, current achievements and challenges of the use of microemulsions are reviewed.
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Worachun, Narumon, Praneet Opanasopit, Theerasak Rojanarata, and Tanasait Ngawhirunpat. "Development of Ketoprofen Microemulsion for Transdermal Drug Delivery." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to prepare microemulsion for transdermal drug delivery of ketoprofen (KP). The physicochemical and chemical properties of microemulsion were evaluated. The microemulsion were composed of isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, water, PEG40-hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor® RH40) as surfactant and PEG400 as co-surfactant, and the surfactant: co-surfactant ratio used was 1:1. The viscosity, droplet size, pH, conductivity of microemulsion and skin permeation of KP through shed snake skin were evaluated. The particle size, viscosity and conductivity of microemulsions were in the range of 172-468 nm, 234.82-1067.35 cP and 6.80-20.87µS/cm, respectively. The ratio of IPM and surfactant mixture played an important role on KP loading capacity of microemulsions formulation and skin permeation of KP. While amount of surfactant increased, the loading capacity of KP increased, but the skin permeation of KP decreased. The results suggested that the novel microemulsion system composed of IPM, water, Cremophor® RH40:PEG400 (ratio 1:1) can be applied for using as a transdermal drug delivery carrier.
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Halde, B. R., A. B. Darekar, and R. B. Saudagar. "Design Development and Evaluation of Agomelatine Microemulsion for Intranasal Delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1-s (February 15, 2019): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize microemulsion containing agomelatine for intranasal delivery. Agomelatine, an antidepressant drug, has absolute bioavailability of only 5% due to high first pass metabolism. Agomelatine microemulsion and were prepared by titration method. Ternary phase diagram gave the microemulsion region and the concentration of oil; Smix and water were selected from ternary phase diagram. Based on solubility study, oleic acid, tween 80 and propylene glycol were selected as oil, surfactant and co surfactant respectively. Microemulsions were prepared using water titration method. 1:1% v/v ratio (Tween 80: Propylene glycol) was selected for formulation development. The prepared microemulsions were optimized optical transparency, viscosity measurement, phase separation, determination of pH, measurement of globule size, measurement of zeta potential, drug content, In vitro diffusion study, stability studies. The optimized batch was further characterized for optical transparency, viscosity measurement, phase separation, determination of pH, measurement of globule size, measurement of zeta potential, drug content, In vitro diffusion study, stability studies.
Keywords: Depression, Intranasal, Microemulsions, Agomelatine
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Malakar, Jadupati, Amit Kumar Nayak, and Aalok Basu. "Ondansetron HCl Microemulsions for Transdermal Delivery: Formulation and In Vitro Skin Permeation." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012 (June 19, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/428396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ondansetron HCl delivery through oral route suffers due to its low bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism. Therefore, the microemulsion-based transdermal delivery may be a better substitute for it. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine compositions of microemulsions, and ondansetron HCl microemulsions for transdermal delivery were developed using isopropyl myristate or oleic acid as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and isopropyl alcohol as the cosurfactant evaluated for in vitro skin permeation through excised porcine skin. The in vitro skin permeation from these formulated microemulsions was sustained over 24 hours. The microemulsion F-8 (contained 10% of isopropyl myristate as oil phase, 8% of aqueous phase, and 82% of surfactant phase containing Tween 80 and isopropyl alcohol, 3 : 1) showed the highest permeation flux of 0.284±0.003 μg/cm2/hour. All these microemulsions followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2=0.971 to 0.998) with non-Fickian, “anomalous” mechanism over a period of 24 hours.
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Solanki, Shehnaz H., and Sandeep R. Patil. "Phase studies of ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN)/sugar surfactant microemulsions: effect of chain length of alkanes and length of the hydrophobic chain of the non-ionic surfactant." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2021-2374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Microemulsions were formulated with the ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) used instead of water as the polar phase, hydrocarbon solvents (n-alkanes) and sugar-based non-ionic surfactants, and their phase behaviour and microstructure were investigated. The sugar-based non-ionic surfactants used are non-toxic, biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Due to these properties, their use in microemulsion systems is a clear alternative to the conventionally used non-ionic surfactants from the class of alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers (C i E j ). The influence of n-alkanes with different chain lengths and of sugar-based nonionic surfactants with hydrophobic chains of different lengths on the microemulsion system was also investigated. The results obtained for the microemulsions with EAN described here are similar to those obtained for microemulsion systems formulated with water as the polar solvent. Liquid crystalline (LC) phases were observed in microemulsion systems with sugar-based nonionic surfactants having longer hydrocarbon chains, at lower temperatures and higher surfactant mass fraction.
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Tatu, Alin Laurentiu, Alina Mihaela Elisei, Oana Lificiu, Camelia Diaconu, Magdalena Miulescu, and Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia. "Formulation, Preparation , Physico-Chemical, Microbiological Analysis and Clinical Uses of Capsaicin Microemulsions." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present paper aims at creating a pharmaceutical formulation, i.e. microemulsion with capsaicin as the active principle; the purpose was to solubilize capsaicin and draw up pseudoternary phase diagrams establishing the microemulsion domains. We created a pharmaceutical form: capsaicin ointment, aiming at releasing capsaicin in the microemulsion and ointment bases. Comparative microbiological determinations were performed between microemulsion and ointment. The novelty of the study is formulating microemulsions as a means of solving solubility issues and increasing the bioavailability of medicinal substances.
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Torres-Luna, Cesar, Naiping Hu, Abdollah Koolivand, Xin Fan, Yuli Zhu, Roman Domszy, Jeff Yang, Arthur Yang, and Nam Sun Wang. "Effect of a Cationic Surfactant on Microemulsion Globules and Drug Release from Hydrogel Contact Lenses." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11060262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study evaluates the in vitro release of diclofenac sodium (DFNa) from contact lenses based on poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogels containing an embedded microemulsion to extend release duration. The oil (ethyl butyrate)-in-water microemulsion systems are prepared with two non-ionic surfactants, Brij 97 or Tween 80, together with a long-alkyl chain cationic surfactant, cetalkonium chloride (CKC). Without CKC, Brij 97 or Tween 80-based microemulsions showed average droplet sizes of 12 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The addition of CKC decreased the average droplet sizes to 2–5 nm for both non-ionic surfactants. Such significant reduction in the average droplet size corresponds to an increase in the DFNa release duration as revealed by the in vitro experiments. Contact lens characterization showed that important properties such as optical transparency and water content of Brij 97-based contact lenses with cationic microemulsions was excellent. However, the optical transparency of the corresponding Tween 80 based contact lenses was unsatisfactory. The results indicate that cationic microemulsion-laden contact lenses can benefit from combinatory effects of microemulsions and cationic surfactant at low CKC weight percentage, e.g., with the release of 70% of the drug in 45, 10, and 7 h for B97-CKC-0.45%, CKC-0.45%, and control lenses, respectively. However, the microemulsion effect on extending DFNa release became negligible at the highest CKC weight percentage (1.8%).
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Sharma, Shreyasi, Eisha Ganju, Neeraj Upmanyu, and Prabhat Jain. "THERAPEUTIC MICROEMULSION OF CURCUMIN FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 1, 2018): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural polyphenolic compound with potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. However, its bioavailability is low as it is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Microemulsions offer the potential to improve the solubility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds; the present work investigated the topical delivery potential of microemulsion gel loaded with curcumas. Curcumin microemulsion was prepared by spontaneous emulsification method using oil (Oleic acid), surfactant:cosurfactant (Smix) (Ethanol and Tween 80, Span 80 and n Butanol) and water. The optimized formulations of microemulsions were subjected to thermodynamic stability tests. After stability study, stable formulation was characterized for droplet size, pH determination, centrifugation, % drug content in microemulsion, zeta potential and vesicle size measurement and then microemulsion gel were prepared and characterized for spreadability, measurement of viscosity, drug content, In-vitro diffusion, in-vitro release data. Tween 80, Span 80 was selected as surfactant, ethanol, n Butanol as co surfactant and Oleic acid as oil component based on solubility study. The optimized formulation contained Curcumin (10 mg). The in vitro drug release from curcumin microemulsion gel was found to be considerably higher in comparison to that of the pure drug. The in-vitro diffusion of microemulsion gel was significantly good. Based on this study, it can be concluded the solubility and permeability of curcumin can be increased by formulating into microemulsion gel.
Keyword: Curcumin, Microemulsion, In-vitro diffusion, Spreadability, Zeta potential, Stability, span 40
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Ryu, Kyeong-A., Phil June Park, Seong-Bo Kim, Bum-Ho Bin, Dong-Jin Jang, and Sung Tae Kim. "Topical Delivery of Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Microemulsion for Skin Regeneration." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040332.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to develop a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) microemulsion system with improved solubility, penetration, and wound healing efficacy. Based on the pseudo-ternary diagram, microemulsions containing isopropyl myristate (IPM), Cremophor EL®, and Transcutol® HP were selected and confirmed to be nanosized (<20 nm) and thermodynamically stable based on the dilution and thermodynamic stability tests. The CoQ10-loaded microemulsion with a surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) ratio of 2:1 (w/w %) demonstrated a higher permeation efficacy compared to microemulsions with S/CoS ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 (w/w %). Additionally, the CoQ10-loaded microemulsion with an S/CoS ratio of 2:1 demonstrated a relatively rapid wound healing effect in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Overall, these data suggest that a microemulsion based on IPM, Cremophor EL®, and Transcutol® HP could be an effective vehicle for the topical administration of CoQ10 and could be utilized for the application of other therapeutic agents that have difficulty in penetrating the skin.
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Simon, Miriam, Patrick Krause, Leonardo Chiappisi, Laurence Noirez, and Michael Gradzielski. "Structural control of polyelectrolyte/microemulsion droplet complexes (PEMECs) with different polyacrylates." Chemical Science 10, no. 2 (2019): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04013c.
Повний текст джерела
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Ningrum, Y. P., and S. A. Budhiyanti. "Formulation and stability of Ulva lactuca fatty acid oil in water (O/W) microemulsion." Food Research 6, no. 4 (July 14, 2022): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(4).575.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research was conducted to produce stable oil in water microemulsion (O/W) of Ulva lactuca fatty acid. Ulva lactuca green algae samples were taken from Ngandong Beach, Gunungkidul. This research consisted of several stages, including the extraction of U. lactuca fatty acids, and microemulsion formulations made of U. lactuca fatty acid microemulsions. The tests carried out include turbidity index, heating, centrifugation, electrical conductivity, and peroxide value. Ulva lactuca fatty acid extraction was carried out using ethanol-hexane at 70°C for 3 hrs, and then the extract was stored in the freezer until used. Microemulsion formulation was made of variations of Tween 80, Span 80, and Tween 20 surfactants with 0 to 90% water content at 70°C. All formulas were then tested for heating, centrifugation, turbidity index, and electrical conductivity. The results showed that stable oil in water microemulsions was the sample with a water content of 70, 80, and 90% of each formula. The stabilized microemulsions were added with U. lactuca extract with 100, 200, and 300 ppm concentrations, then tested for centrifugation, heating, and turbidity index. The most stable formula was tested for peroxide value. The two microemulsions with the best results were the formula of A2-200 (Tween 80: Span 80: Tween 20 = 92: 5.5: 2.5, v/v) and C2-200 (Tween 80: Span 80: Tween 20 = 87: 5.5: 7.5, v/v) with 80% water content and 200 ppm of U. lactuca fatty acid extract.
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Rukmini, Ambar. "INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID MICROEMULSION ON PHOTO-OXIDIZED VIRGIN COCONUT OIL." AGROTECH : JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37631/agrotech.v1i1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion containing ascorbic acid on photo-oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil (VCO) was investigated. To optimize the formulation, w/o microemulsions were prepared using hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) concept, consisted of ternary nonionic surfactants having low, medium, and high HLB values. From this optimum HLB number, the ratio of water, surfactant and oil was determined to obtain microemulsion areas. After optimization of the microemulsion system, the storage at room temperature, and the extreme condition were conducted for testing the microemulsion stability. Then, the stable formulas were used for delivering ascorbic acid. The solubility and photo-oxidative stability of ascorbic acid microemulsion were evaluated. The optimum formula of ascorbic acid microemulsion was applied into VCO at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10% w/w). Samples were subjected to photo-oxidation under fluorescent light exposure of 4000 lux for up to 8 hours. Peroxide values (PVs) and p-anisidine values (p-AnVs) of the samples were measured at 1 hour interval. The results indicated that w/o microemulsion could be formed on the HLB number of 7. W/o microemulsion containing 75% oils need surfactant concentrations of ≥ 4.5 part of water, and if containing 77.78% oils, the surfactant concentration must ≥ 5.5 part of water. These microemulsions remained stable during storage at room temperature, even after centrifugation, but did not tolerate at high temperature. The maximum solubility of ascorbic acid in w/o microemulsion was 1%. Ascorbic acid microemulsion resistant to photo-oxidation and effective inhibits that reaction in VCO. This study confirmed that w/o microemulsion can act as ascorbic acid delivery system to disperse into VCO for inhibiting its’ quality deterioration due to photo-oxidation.
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Rukmini, Ambar. "INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID MICROEMULSION ON PHOTO-OXIDIZED VIRGIN COCONUT OIL." AGROTECH : JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37631/agrotech.v1i1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion containing ascorbic acid on photo-oxidative stability of virgin coconut oil (VCO) was investigated. To optimize the formulation, w/o microemulsions were prepared using hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) concept, consisted of ternary nonionic surfactants having low, medium, and high HLB values. From this optimum HLB number, the ratio of water, surfactant and oil was determined to obtain microemulsion areas. After optimization of the microemulsion system, the storage at room temperature, and the extreme condition were conducted for testing the microemulsion stability. Then, the stable formulas were used for delivering ascorbic acid. The solubility and photo-oxidative stability of ascorbic acid microemulsion were evaluated. The optimum formula of ascorbic acid microemulsion was applied into VCO at various concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10% w/w). Samples were subjected to photo-oxidation under fluorescent light exposure of 4000 lux for up to 8 hours. Peroxide values (PVs) and p-anisidine values (p-AnVs) of the samples were measured at 1 hour interval. The results indicated that w/o microemulsion could be formed on the HLB number of 7. W/o microemulsion containing 75% oils need surfactant concentrations of ≥ 4.5 part of water, and if containing 77.78% oils, the surfactant concentration must ≥ 5.5 part of water. These microemulsions remained stable during storage at room temperature, even after centrifugation, but did not tolerate at high temperature. The maximum solubility of ascorbic acid in w/o microemulsion was 1%. Ascorbic acid microemulsion resistant to photo-oxidation and effective inhibits that reaction in VCO. This study confirmed that w/o microemulsion can act as ascorbic acid delivery system to disperse into VCO for inhibiting its’ quality deterioration due to photo-oxidation.
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Numin, Mohd Sofi, Khairulazhar Jumbri, Anita Ramli, and Noorazlenawati Borhan. "Microemulsion Rheological Analysis of Alkaline, Surfactant, and Polymer in Oil-Water Interface." Processes 8, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070762.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Injection of alkaline (A), polymer (P), and surfactant (S) chemicals in enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes increases output by changing the properties of the injected fluid. In this work, micellar fluid interactions were studied via microemulsion rheological analysis. Crude oil and stimulated brine with ASP or SP was used for bottle testing. The results revealed that no microemulsion was produced when ASP (Alkaline, Surfactant, and Polymer) or SP (Surfactant and Polymer) was left out during the bottle testing phase. The addition of ASP and SP led to the formation of microemulsions—up to 29% for 50% water cut (WC) ASP, and 36% for 40% WC SP. This shows that the addition of ASP and SP can be applied to flooding applications. The results of the rheological analysis show that the microemulsions behaved as a shear-thinning micellar fluid by decreasing viscosity with increase in shear rate. As per the power-law equation, the ASP micellar fluid viscoelastic behavior shows better shear-thinning compared to SP, suggesting more efficiency in fluid mobility and sweep efficiency. Most of the microemulsions exhibited viscoelastic fluid behavior (G’ = G”) at angular frequency of 10 to 60 rad s−1, and stable elastic fluid behavior (G’ > G’’) below 10 rad s−1 angular frequency. The viscosity of microemulsion fluids decreases as temperature increases; this indicates that the crude oil (i.e., alkanes) was solubilized in core micelles, leading to radial growth in the cylindrical part of the wormlike micelles, and resulting in a drop in end-cap energy and micelle length. No significant difference was found in the analysis of viscoelasticity evaluation and viscosity analysis for both ASP and SP microemulsions. The microemulsion tendency test and rheology test show that the addition of ASP and SP in the oil-water interface yields excellent viscoelastic properties.
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Sucitawati, Putu Ayu, Lutfi Suhendra, and G. P. Ganda Putra. "Karakteristik Mikroemulsi a-Tokoferol pada Perbandingan Campuran Tiga Surfaktan Nonionik dan Lama Pengadukan." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2021.v09.i01.p04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microemulsions have thermodynamics and stable kinetics as carriers of ?-tocopherol compounds. This study aimed to know the effect of mixtures ratio of three nonionic surfactants and stiring time on the characteristics of ?-tocopherol microemulsion, as well as to obtain the best stiring time and mixture ratio of three nonionic surfactants to produce ?-tocopherol microemulsion. This experiment used a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the ratio of a mixture of three nonionic surfactants with Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) 14.5. The second factor is stirring time. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with BNJ test. Test the effectiveness index to determine the best treatment. The results showed that the comparison of three surfactant mixtures, stirring duration and interaction between treatments significantly affected the characteristics of ?-tocopherol microemulsion. Comparison of the mixture of three surfactants Tween 80: Span 80: Tween 20 (v / v%) HLB 14.5 consisting of F2 (89,5 : 5,5 : 5) and 4 minutes stirring time is the best treatment for the characteristics of ?-Tocopherol microemulsion. The best treatment has the characteristics of ?-tocopherol microemulsions namely transparent appearance, stable to centrifugation (4500 rpm), pH (4.5; 5.5 and 6.5) and dilution (1: 9, 1:49 and 1:99) with Turbidity index values ??are below 1 percent. Microemulsion turbidity index values ??before and after centrifugation were 0.19 percent and microemulsion turbidity at pH 4.5 and 1: 9 dilution were 0.11 percent.
Keywords: microemulsion, stirring time, surfactan non ionic, ?-Tocoferol
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Pumival, Piyapong, Sarin Tadtong, Sirivan Athikomkulchai, and Chuda Chittasupho. "Antifungal Activity and the Chemical and Physical Stability of Microemulsions Containing Citrus hystrix DC Leaf Oil." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 9 (September 2020): 1934578X2095775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20957755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Citrus hystrix DC (kaffir lime) leaf oil exhibited antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of kaffir lime leaf oil and microemulsions containing kaffir lime oil against Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The chemical components of kaffir lime leaf oil were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions containing kaffir lime oil were formulated using Tween 80, propylene glycol, and water using a phase titration method. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential using a dynamic light scattering technique. The antifungal activities of kaffir lime oil and its microemulsion were investigated through macrodilution and agar well diffusion methods, respectively. The degradation of citronellal in the microemulsion was analyzed by validated UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of kaffir lime oil was 1.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil exhibited potent antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of freshly prepared microemulsion were 12.82 ± 0.40 nm, 0.183 ± 0.072, and −7.87 ± 0.06 mV, respectively. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil also demonstrated good physical and chemical stability at specific temperatures. The kaffir lime oil microemulsion was highly stable when stored at 4 °C and 30 °C for 1 month but was unstable at 45 °C. The microemulsion of kaffir lime leaf oil may be an alternative therapeutic against tinea pedis caused by T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale.
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Sánchez M., Jhon F., Miguel D. Sánchez, R. Dario Falcone, and Hernán A. Ritacco. "Production of Pd nanoparticles in microemulsions. Effect of reaction rates on the particle size." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 3 (2022): 1692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05049d.
Повний текст джерела
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Latsuzbaia, Roman, Emanuela Negro, and Ger Koper. "Bicontinuous microemulsions for high yield, wet synthesis of ultrafine nanoparticles: a general approach." Faraday Discussions 181 (2015): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00004a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The design of a synthesis strategy for metal nanoparticles by templating dense microemulsions is proposed. Particle size is controlled by surfactant size rather than by microemulsion composition. The strategy was demonstrated with various systems with different surfactant: cationic, anionic and non-ionic and of different sizes. Formulations were determined using the microemulsion phase diagrams. Synthesis was demonstrated for platinum nanoparticles with some examples for gold. The nanoparticles were subsequently extracted from the microemulsion by absorption onto a carbon support, after which the surfactant was recycled.
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Wu, Hao, Sang Xiong, Wei Lin, and Fanxin Kong. "Study on tribological behavior, lubrication and anti-corrosion properties of W/O microemulsion for cold rolling of copper strip." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 73, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2020-0227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve lubrication and anti-corrosion properties of the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion for rolling of copper strip and sheet to replace the traditional rolling oil. Design/methodology/approach The W/O microemulsion is prepared by using hydrogenated base oil, a deionized aqueous solution of 0.03 mol/L of Na2SO4 and composite emulsifier such as Sp20, Tx-7 or sodium petroleum sulfonate. Tribological behavior of the microemulsions and traditional cold rolling oil was conducted by MR-10A four-ball tester. The lubrication performance of microemulsion for cold rolling of copper strip was performed by cold-rolling experiment. The morphology of worn surface and the rolled copper was characterized. Anti-corrosion properties of microemulsion for rolled copper was investigated, and the corroded surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). Findings The results show that the extreme pressure and antiwear properties of the microemulsions have been improved; the average friction coefficient of the improved microemulsion is 0.065, which is 30% lower than the commercial cold rolling oil. For cold rolling of copper strip, the microemulsion has a higher thinning effect than the commercial cold rolling oil, and a smooth surface is obtained and the surface roughness (Sa) is decreased by 6.8%. The XPS analysis indicated microemulsion adsorbed on the copper surface mitigate the corrosion of oils. Originality/value This paper used the prepared W/O microemulsion as a new lubricant in the process of rolling for copper strip and sheet in industry, demonstrating the microemulsion has broad application prospects in the future. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2020-0227/
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Peng, Ke, Natalie Preisig, Thomas Sottmann, and Cosima Stubenrauch. "From water-rich to oil-rich gelled non-toxic microemulsions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 31 (2021): 16855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02522h.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gelled non-toxic microemulsions have great potential in transdermal drug delivery: the microemulsion provides optimum solubilization for drugs and promotes drug permeation through skin barrier, while the gel network provides mechanical stability.
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Pakpayat, Natthida, and Prapaporn Boonme. "Effects of Various Co-Surfactants and Oils on Microemulsion Formation in Decylglucoside System." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.653.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decylglucoside is a non-ionic, non-toxic, biodegradable surfactant. This work aimed to establish composition where stable microemulsions could form using hydrophilic lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept to optimise the formulations. Scanning for suitable ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant was carried out by altering the surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) ratios with two co-surfactants and seven different oils in order to find the optimum formulations. From the optimal S/CoS ratios, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams by dilution were subsequently performed, leading to obtain microemulsion zones. The zones of microemulsions could be observed in the systems composed of decylglucoside/sorbitan monooleate/isopropyl myristate/water at the 0.10/0.90 and 0.20/0.80 S/CoS ratios and decylglucoside/sorbitan monooleate /isopropyl palmitate/water at the 0.10/0.90, 0.15/0.85 and 0.20/0.80 S/CoS ratios. The microemulsion zones of two systems were similar and found at high surfactant concentrations. However, the studied decylglucoside microemulsion systems were interesting in drug and cosmetic applications because it consisted of non-ionic surfactant and co-surfactant, resulting low toxic products.
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NAEEM, MUHAMMAD, NISAR UR RAHMAN, GUILHERME D. TAVARES, SÁVIO F. BARBOSA, NÁDIA B. CHACRA, RAIMAR LÖBENBERG, and MUHAMMAD K. SARFRAZ. "Physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of flurbiprofen microemulsion." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTFlurbiprofen, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is widely used for relief of pain in patients suffering from rheumatic diseases, migraine, sore throat and primary dysmenorrheal. However, this drug has many gastrointestinal side effects produced by its oral administration, such as gastric bleeding and peptic ulcer. These effects were responsible for non-compliance among patients, which ultimately results in treatment failure. The physicochemical properties of flurbiprofen, make it a suitable candidate for transdermal drug delivery, which can overcome the drawbacks of oral administration. In this sense, microemulsions have been proved to increase the cutaneous absorption of lipophilic drugs when compared to conventional drug delivery systems. The purpose of this study was to formulate and characterize gel based microemulsions, for topical delivery of flurbiprofen. Different gel bases, containing microemulsion and hydro-alcoholic solution of flurbiprofen, were developed and compared. In vitro study showed that gels containing microemulsion had a higher permeation rate than those containing hydro-alcoholic solutions. Additionally, formulation of Carbopol-I (microemulsion) showed higher percent of inhibition of inflammation than others bases. Further, skin irritation study demonstrated that Carbopol-I was none irritating. Flurbiprofen microemulsion incorporated on Carbopol-I showed physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo characteristics suitable for the development of alternative transdermal delivery formulation.
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Tagavifar, Mohsen, Sumudu Herath, Upali P. Weerasooriya, Kamy Sepehrnoori, and Gary Pope. "Measurement of Microemulsion Viscosity and Its Implications for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery." SPE Journal 23, no. 01 (August 4, 2017): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179672-pa.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary The rheological behavior of microemulsion systems was systematically investigated with mixtures of oil, brine, surfactant, cosolvent, and in some cases polymer to determine their effects. A microemulsion-rheology model was developed and used to interpret the experimental results. The optimal microemulsion/oil-viscosity ratio without cosolvent was roughly 5:6, but it can be reduced to a more favorable ratio of approximately 2 by adding cosolvent. Even though the amount of cosolvent needed is case dependent, a clear trend of microemulsion-viscosity reduction with increasing cosolvent concentration was observed. Limited evidence suggests that large hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) molecules with a narrow molecular-weight (MW) distribution have negligible partitioning to Type II and Type III microemulsions.
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Chang, Nai-Fang, Feng-Jie Tsai, Ya-Min Zheng, Wei-Hsiang Huang, and Chih-Chien Lin. "Using a Cellular System to Directly Assess the Effects of Cosmetic Microemulsion Encapsulated DeoxyArbutin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
DeoxyArbutin (dA) is a tyrosinase inhibitor that has effective skin-lightening activity and has no obvious cytotoxicity toward melanocytes. With the aim of directly evaluating the effects of microemulsions containing dA on cells, we developed oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions with relatively lower cytotoxicities by using polysorbate-series surfactants. Measurement of the transparent properties and particle size analysis at different storage time periods revealed that the developed microemulsions were stable. Moreover, the developed microemulsions had direct effects on B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The anti-melanogenesis activities of dA-containing microemulsions were evidently better than that of the free dA group. The results demonstrated that the developed microemulsion encapsulating dA may allow the use of deoxyArbutin instead of hydroquinone to treat dermal hyperpigmentation disorders in the future.
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Fatehi, Parichehr, Ahmad Salihin Baba, Vicit Rizal Eh suk, and Misni Misran. "Preparation and characterization of palm oil in water microemulsion for application in the food industry." British Food Journal 122, no. 10 (July 30, 2020): 3077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2020-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeRed palm oil contains both tocopherol (∼30%) and tocotrienol (∼70%) with the latter having better antioxidant potency than the former by a factor of 60 times. The microemulsion is one of the most suitable carriers to protect this vitamin E from environmental stress due to food processing and storage. However, the instability of microemulsion might limit the presentation of vitamin E in the food industry. In the present study, we demonstrated the preparation of microemulsions from different ratios of palm oil and Span 60 to achieve potential carrier formulations for vitamin E delivery.Design/methodology/approachThe microemulsions with the different ratios of palm oil and water (o/w) and Span 60 were prepared by using homogenization technique, incubated and observed at 45.0 ± 0.1 °C, room temperature (25 °C ± 0.1) or 8.0 ± 0.1 °C. The microemulsion formed was analyzed by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to observe the molecular composition and the functional groups in the employed oil and emulsifier. Back-scattered dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was employed to determine the stability of microemulsion by measuring the average particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The zeta potential values of microemulsion were measured by Shape Zeta sizer Nano ZS. The shape and dynamic properties of the microemulsion were observed by Leica optical polarizing microscope (OPM). The creaming, sedimentation, the ratio of aqueous separation and clarification of the microemulsions were evaluated visually whereas the changes in pH were determined using pH meter.FindingsThe morphological study showed the presence of spherical-shaped particles. The average particle size was found to be the smallest in the presence of 7% Span 60 in the 70/30 (o/w) formulation, and the zeta potential was less than −30 mV for most of the formulations. The most stable pH (the least amount of changes in the pH at room temperature) prevailed for 7% Span 60. Accelerated stability test showed that formulations 30:70 and 50:50 (o/w), in the presence of 5% and 7% Span 60, were the most stable throughout the incubation period.Originality/valueThe palm oil in water microemulsion in the presence of 7% Span 60 has the potential to be further developed as a delivery system for hydrophobic nutrients such as vitamin E, proteins or peptides and antioxidants in the food and beverage industry.
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Janapareddi, Krishnaveni, and Anilgoud Kandhula. "Development and Ex vivo evaluation of Rasagiline Mesylate mucoadhesive microemulsion for intranasal delivery using Box-Behnken design." International Journal of Bio-Pharma Research 8, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 2514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.8.3.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rasagiline mesylate (RM), an irreversible, selective inhibitor of MAO-B enzyme, is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease as oral tablets. It has low oral bioavailability (36%) due to hepatic first pass metabolism. Oral route of administration is associated with nausea and vomiting. Hence present research work was aimed to develop intranasal RM- loaded mucoadhesive microemulsions for brain targeting via olfactory pathway. The microemulsions were developed using Box Behnken design and evaluated for globule size, PDI, Zeta potential, pH, viscosity and ex vivo permeation on excised porcine nasal mucosa. Based on drug solubility, Capmul MCM, Tween 20 and Transcutol P were selected as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant respectively. Microemulsions were prepared by water titration method. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed and the levels of surfactants, oil were selected. The influence of independent variables such as oil, Smix and water on responses size, zeta potential and flux were studied with the help of polynomial equations, contour plots and 3D response surface plots generated by design expert software. Optimized microemulsion formulation (ME18) was composed of oil (Capmul MCM), Smix (Tween 20: Transcutol P; 1:1), water and drug in the ratio 5:42:65:5.The globule size, zeta potential and flux of the optimized microemulsion was 150 nm, -29.6 mV and 291.7 μg/cm2/h respectively. Mucoadhesive agent (Chitosan) was added at 0.5% concentration to optimized microemulsion formulation (MME18). The size, zeta potential and flux of the MME18 was 176.4 nm, 12.1 mV and 323.1 μg/cm2/h respectively. The flux of ME18 and MME 18 was significantly higher than drug solution. The enhancement ratio of MME 18 was 4.2 times to that of drug solution, indicating potential advantage of microemulsion formulation.
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Vu, Quoc Lam, Chih-Wun Fang, Muhammad Suhail, and Pao-Chu Wu. "Enhancement of the Topical Bioavailability and Skin Whitening Effect of Genistein by Using Microemulsions as Drug Delivery Carriers." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14121233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genistein, the most abundant isoflavone of the soy-derived phytoestrogen compounds, is a potent antioxidant and inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, which can inhibit UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice and UVB-induced erythema on human skin. In current study, genistein-loaded microemulsions were developed by using the various compositions of oil, surfactants, and co-surfactants and used as a drug delivery carrier to improve the solubility, peremability, skin whitening, and bioavailbility of genistein. The mean droplet size and polydispersity index of all formulations was less than 100 nm and 0.26 and demonstrated the formation of microemulsions. Similarly, various studies, such as permeation, drug skin deposition, pharmacokinetics, skin whitening test, skin irritation, and stability, were also conducted. The permeability of genistein was significantly affected by the composition of microemulsion formulation, particular surfactnat, and cosurfactant. In-vitro permeation study revealed that both permeation rate and deposition amount in skin were significantly increased from 0.27 μg/cm2·h up to 20.00 μg/cm2·h and 4.90 up to 53.52 μg/cm2, respectively. In in-vivo whitening test, the change in luminosity index (ΔL*), tended to decrease after topical application of genistein-loaded microemulsion. The bioavailability was increased 10-fold by topical administration of drug-loaded microemulsion. Conclusively, the prepared microemulsion has been enhanced the bioavailability of genistein and could be used for clinical purposes.
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Malakar, Jadupati, Suma Oomen Sen, Amit Kumar Nayak, and Kalyan Kumar Sen. "Development and Evaluation of Microemulsions for Transdermal Delivery of Insulin." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2011 (July 7, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/780150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Insulin-loaded microemulsions for transdermal delivery were developed using isopropyl myristate or oleic acid as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and isopropyl alcohol as the cosurfactant. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the composition of microemulsions. The insulin permeation flux of microemulsions containing oleic acid as oil phase through excised mouse skin and goat skin was comparatively greater than that of microemulsions containing isopropyl myristate as oil phase. The insulin-loaded microemulsion containing 10% oleic acid, 38% aqueous phase, and 50% surfactant phase with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as permeation enhancer showed maximum permeation flux (4.93 ± 0.12 μg/cm2/hour) through goat skin. The in vitro insulin permeation from these microemulsions was found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R2=0.923 to 0.973) over a period of 24 hours with non-Fickian, “anomalous” mechanism. Together these preliminary data indicate the promise of microemulsions for transdermal delivery of insulin.
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Frielinghaus, Henrich. "Addendum to: Exploring Hidden Local Ordering in Microemulsions with a Weak Directive Second Order Parameter." Chemistry Africa 3, no. 3 (June 19, 2020): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42250-020-00156-1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In a recent publication, my group discussed a directive second order parameter that hypothetically could form micrometer large structures that influence the rheological behavior of a bicontinuous microemulsion. For this, the viscosities of two microemulsions with the non-ionic surfactants C10E4 and C8E3 were determined over the wide frequency and shear rate range. Contrarily to our previous publications there are no elevated viscosities towards slowest motions of the rheometer. Thus, no micrometer large structures form in microemulsions. However, we argue and confirm that there are compartments with the size of several correlation lengths. This finding supports the development of a directional order parameter in microemulsions.
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Lambert, Daniel, Michel Rod, Christine Dobbin, and Farah Hosseinian. "The Market Potential of a Grape Pomace Microemulsion." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n2p65.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Canada’s food waste reached $31 billion in 2014. 95% of this waste ended up in landfills across the country, being a severe burden both economically and environmentally. By implementing sustainable agriculture projects, alternative uses can be found for food waste that produce positive income for companies, and alleviate stresses on the environment. Grape pomace, a food waste produced through the process of wine-making, currently ends up in landfills after wine-production. However, this agricultural by-product holds great market potential for the production of chemical microemulsions. These microemulsion systems show great potential in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. The market potential was calculated by determining the volume of grape seed oil that could be extracted from grape pomace. The current market value of microemulsion surfactants were then obtained and a value was calculated based on the oil yield. Grape pomace microemulsions had the highest market potential as pharmaceutical raw ingredients, followed respectively by food additive and cosmeceutical raw ingredients. The purpose of this paper is to measure the market potential for grape pomace microemulsions in each of these industries and to provoke further investigations into the production of value added products from agricultural waste.
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Feng, Lei, Bo Cui, Dongsheng Yang, Chunxin Wang, Zhanghua Zeng, Yan Wang, Changjiao Sun, Xiang Zhao, and Haixin Cui. "Preparation and Evaluation of Emamectin Benzoate Solid Microemulsion." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2386938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The solid microemulsions of emamectin benzoate with the same content of surfactants were prepared by a self-emulsifying method. Emulsifier 600#and emulsifier 700#(3/2, w/w) screened from eleven kinds of commonly used surfactants displayed great emulsifying properties. The redispersed solution of the solid microemulsion presented aqueous microemulsion characteristic. The mean particle size and polydispersity index were 10.34 ± 0.10 nm and 0.283 ± 0.013, respectively. The solid microemulsion showed excellent storage stability and the bioassay compared with water dispersible granules against diamondback moths provided a proof of its improved biological activities. This formulation could significantly reduce surfactants and is perspective in plant protection for improving bioavailability and environmental friendliness.
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Dev, Asish, Jayesh Dwivedi, and Munira Momin. "Formulation and characterization of acyclovir based topical microemulsions by QBD approach." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The proposed study is focussed at developing acyclovir microemulsions for topical drug delivery systems. QbD was applied for better understanding of the process and to generate design space, using quality target product profile, critical quality attributes, and risk assessment. The aim of the experiment is to prepare a safe, efficacious, stable and patient compliant microemulsion dosage form of Acyclovir. Materials and methods: Pre-formulation studies were carried out which helped in developing a suitable dosage form. UV, FTIR and DSC studies were done for pre-formulation and post-formulation evaluations. QbD was applied to generate design space, using QTPP, CQA, and risk assessment. Microemulsions of acyclovir were developed by using 32 factorial designs. Pseudo terneary phase diagrams were constructed to screen various surfactants and co-surfactants for the preparation of microemulsions. Two independent variables Oil Concentration (X1) and Smix Concentration (X2) at three levels low, medium and high were selected and response surface plots were generated. The microemulsions were prepared by plotting pseudo terneary phase diagrams. Various characterizations that were carried out include % transmittance, Viscosity and % drug release. Statistical analyses of batches and surface response studies were done to understand the effect of various independent variables on the dependent variables. Results and Discussions: The λmax was confirmed at 251 nm by UV spectroscopy. The melting point was determined experimentally to be 2460C which confirms the drug to be Acyclovir. FTIR and DSC studies confirmed that the drug is Acyclovir. Conclusion: The study indicates that microemulsions of Acyclovir by QbD approach were successfully developed.
Keywords: Microemulsion, Acyclovir, DoE, QbD
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Kang, T., S. Qian, G. S. Smith, C. Do, and W. T. Heller. "Small-angle neutron scattering study of a dense microemulsion system formed with an ionic liquid." Soft Matter 13, no. 39 (2017): 7154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01516j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The structure of the microemulsion formed with an Ionic Liquid (IL) in specific systematic composition series has been investigated by small-angle neutron scattering to understand how the IL can be used to tune the structure and properties of microemulsions.
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Zhang, Yongtai, Hongmei Hu, Qian Jing, Zhi Wang, Zehui He, Tong Wu, and Nian-Ping Feng. "Improved Biosafety and Transdermal Delivery of Aconitine via Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether-Mediated Microemulsion Assisted with Microneedles." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the current study, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether-mediated microemulsions were combined with microneedles for enhanced transdermal aconitine delivery. The oil-in-water microemulsion increasedaconitine solubility and enhanced transdermal drug delivery and assistance with metal microneedles enhanced permeation of the aconitine-loaded microemulsion. Carried by the microemulsion, the in vitro permeability of aconitine was significantly enhanced, and further improved using microneedles. In vivo microdialysis revealed that the subcutaneous local drug concentration reached a high level within 30 min and remained relatively consistent to the end of the experimental period. AUC0-t of the microemulsion group was significantly higher than that of the aqueous solution group, and the microemulsion combined with microneedles group achieved the highest AUC0-t among the tested groups. The microemulsion and microdialysis probe also showed good biocompatibility with skin tissue. The microemulsion could be internalized by HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cells via lysosomes. The in vitro cytotoxicity of aconitine toward skin cells was reduced via encapsulation by microemulsion, and the prepared microemulsion developed no skin irritation. Hence, transdermal aconitine delivery and drug biosafety were effectively improved by loading into the microemulsion and assisting with microneedles, and in vivo microdialysis technique is suitable for realtime monitoring of transdermal drug delivery with microemulsion-based drug vehicles.
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Sanguansajapong, Vilasinee, Pajaree Sakdiset, and Panupong Puttarak. "Development of Oral Microemulsion Spray Containing Pentacyclic Triterpenes-Rich Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Extract for Healing Mouth Ulcers." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several publications have shown that Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and its active constituents (pentacyclic triterpenes) are effective in wound healing. The pentacyclic triterpenes-rich C. asiatica extract (PRE) was prepared following a previous study by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and fractionation with macroporous resin. This method provided the pentacyclic triterpene content in the extract up to 59.60% w/w. The PRE showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production with an IC50 value of 20.59 ± 3.48 μg/mL and a potent fibroblast proliferative effect (165.67%) at concentrations of 10 μg/mL. The prepared microemulsion consisted of a water: oil: surfactant mixture of 2: 2: 6, using coconut oil: clove oil (1:1) as the oil phase and Tween 20: Span 20 (2:1) as the surfactant mixture and 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% PRE. Cell proliferation, migration, and collagen production of the microemulsion base and microemulsions containing 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% PRE were evaluated. The results revealed that the microemulsion containing 1% PRE had the highest proliferation effect (136.30 ± 3.93% to 152.65 ± 3.48% at concentrations of 10 μg/mL), migration activities (100.00 ± 0.0% at 24 h), and collagen production in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells when compared with other formulations or blank. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of microemulsions containing 1% PRE was slightly lower than standard indomethacin. Anti-inflammation of the microemulsion containing PRE exhibited a dose-dependent trend, while 5% PRE was more potent than the standard drug. Considering the potent wound-healing activities and the good anti-inflammatory activity of the microemulsion containing PRE, the microemulsion with 1% PRE was identified as the most suitable oral spray formulation for oral ulcer treatment.
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Chittasupho, Chuda, Sakdanai Ditsri, Sudarshan Singh, Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul, Natthachai Duangnin, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, and Sirivan Athikomkulchai. "Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation." Gels 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8100639.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long-term UV radiation exposure can induce skin disorders such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. Natural products have been considered as non-irritate and potential sunscreen resources due to their UV absorption and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ultraviolet radiation protective effect and anti-inflammatory activity of K. galanga rhizome oil and microemulsions. The chemical components of K. galanga rhizome oil was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions containing K. galanga rhizome oil were formulated using a phase-titration method. The microemulsion was characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, using a dynamic light-scattering technique. The physical and chemical stability of the microemulsion were evaluated via a dynamic light scattering technique and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The UV protection of K. galanga rhizome oil and its microemulsion were investigated using an ultraviolet transmittance analyzer. The protective effect of K. galanga rhizome oil against LPS-induced inflammation was investigated via MTT and nitric oxide inhibitory assays. In addition, a hydrogel containing K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was developed, stored for 90 days at 4, 30, and 45 °C, and characterized for viscosity, rheology, and pH. The chemical degradation of the main active compound in the microemulsion was analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The formulated O/W microemulsion contained a high loading efficiency (101.24 ± 2.08%) of K. galanga rhizome oil, suggesting a successful delivery system of the oil. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of the microemulsion were optimized and found to be stable when stored at 4, 30, and 45 °C. K. galanga rhizome oil and microemulsion demonstrated moderate sun protective activity and reduced the nitric oxide production induced by LPS in macrophage cells, indicating that microemulsion containing K. galanga rhizome oil may help protect human skin from UV damage and inflammation. A hydrogel containing K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was developed as a topical preparation. The hydrogel showed good physical stability after heating and cooling cycles and long-term storage (3 months) at 4 °C. The use of K. galanga rhizome oil as a natural sun-protective substance may provide a protective effect against inflammation on the skin. K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was successfully incorporated into the hydrogel and has the potential to be used as a topical sunscreen preparation.
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Suhafri, M., and Iskandar Idris Yaacob. "Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Water in Oil Microemulsion." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High aspect ratios maghemite of iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using water in oil microemulsions. A four component microemulsion system with cationic HTAB, n-butanol, noctane, and salt solution was used. Precipitations of iron oxide were initiated by mixing a microemulsion system containing Fe2+ with another microemulsion system containing OH-. The resulting particles were characterized using XRD, AGM and TEM. The XRD result showed the formation of maghemite. TEM showed that the average length of needle shaped particles increased from 28 nm up to 42 nm as the aging time was increased from 4 to 24 hours while the average diameter spherical particle remained at around 8 nm. The AGM confirmed that the particles are superparamagnetic.
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Mayer, H. "Silicon-Microemulsions-Konzentrate / Silicone Microemulsion Concentrates." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 30, no. 2 (March 1, 1993): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-1993-300207.
Повний текст джерела
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López-Quintela, M. A., C. Tojo, M. C. Blanco, L. Garcı́a Rio, and J. R. Leis. "Microemulsion dynamics and reactions in microemulsions." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 9, no. 3-4 (November 2004): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2004.05.029.
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Romo, Liliana E., Hened Saade, Bertha Puente, Ma Luisa López, Rebeca Betancourt, and Raúl G. López. "Precipitation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Bicontinuous Microemulsions." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/145963.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were obtained directly, avoiding the calcination step, by precipitation at 70°C in bicontinuous microemulsions stabilized with a mixture of surfactants sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate/sodium dodecyl sulfate (2/1, wt./wt.) containing 0.7 M zinc nitrate aqueous solution. Two concentrations of aqueous solution of precipitating agent sodium hydroxide were used under different dosing times on microemulsion. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy allowed us to identify particles with an acicular rod-like morphology and a hexagonalwurtzitecrystal structure as small as 8.5 and 30 nm in average diameter and length, respectively. Productivities much higher than those typical in the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles via reverse microemulsions were obtained. Particle size was the same at the two studied sodium hydroxide concentrations, while it increases as dosing time of the precipitant agent increases. It is believed that the surfactant film on the microemulsion channels restricts the particle diameter growth.