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Дисертації з теми "Microélectrodes – Matériaux"
Oms, Olivier. "Ferrocenylphosphonates : de la molécule au solide hybride électroactif." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20174.
Повний текст джерелаBouazza, Sofiane. "Étude de l'incorporation de particules métalliques et de cations dans les matériaux en poudre : application de la microélectrode à cavité." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S076.
Повний текст джерелаLenz, Jennifer. "Structuration d’électrode contrôlée pour des applications (bio)électrochimiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14305/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work has been prepared within the framework of the European project ERUDESP and describes the research that has been carried out during this work. A bioreactor as a bioelectrochemical flow-cell was designed and realized with the goal to serve for enantiopure bioelectrosynthesis. The work deals with the cell design and screening of different mediators in a batch-cell and multi-cells, the development of different electroorganic and electroenzymatic reactions in an electrochemical batch- and flow-cell. With respect to the flow-cell, the upscaling of electrochemical reactions was carried out in the present work not only for electroorganic but also for electroenzymatic reactions with regard to the final application. A main focus of the present work represents the synthesis of three-dimensional macroporous electrodes in order to increase significantly the active surface. These macroporous structures were obtained by using the template approach. For the preparation of the templates monodisperse polystyrene particles were synthesized in different ways, and then used for the preparation of colloidal crystals serving as templates. As controlled assembly procedures, the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and the controlled evaporation method with subsequent electrodeposition of metals and metal oxides were chosen. With the present process the pore diameter could be exactly controlled by the diameter of the used particles. The approach of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique has been extended and optimized. For the first time, the Langmuir-Blodgett technique could be used with polystyrene particles. The deposition took place in the interspaces of the prepared colloidal crystals and is followed by the dissolving of the particles. Furthermore, the size of the porous electrodes could be upscaled (6 x 6 cm2). The obtained materials showed a very good interconnectivity with an open porosity and a highly increased active surface, which led to an increased electrochemical signal. The prepared porous materials represent a great benefit not only for (bio)electrosynthesis but also in the field of (bio)electroanalysis. In the framework of this work, the use of porous ruthenium oxide electrodes for direct oxidation of NADH with a significantly improved overvoltage was studied. Also in this context the increase of the surface led to an improved current density. Based on the ERUDESP project, the studied techniques for preparing porous electrodes with colloidal crystals were used for further scientific studies. The new variant of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique has also been used for the elaboration of a renewable electrode system where the surface can be simply renewed by applying a positive potential to the porous multilayers (click effect). The porous ruthenium oxide electrodes have not only been studied with respect to the ERUDESP project, but it was also possible to miniaturize this stable porous material as microelectrodes and use them as chemically and mechanically stable pH sensor with an improved signal to noise ratio. In this case the thermal noise decreased due to the porosity of the electrode. Due to the acquired expertise in the field of the preparation of porous microelectrodes, implantable microelectrodes for hand prosthesis were modified with a porous layer on the surface for increasing the active surface and decreasing their impedance.In addition, macroporous multicatalyst layers of platinum and nickel were synthesized for the simultaneous in-situ generation of hydrogen and hydrogenation reaction in the same catalyst system.As a final example for controlled surface structuring, nanoscale platinum islands were in detail examined and biofunctionalized. This led also to a significant increase of the current density
Roffat, Michaël. "Synthèse de titanate de lithium et de lanthane (LLTO) pour la réalisation de couches minces et épaisses : application à la réalisation de microélectrodes totalement solides pour la détection du pH." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA1017.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis challenge was based first on the realization of thin coatings, then of thick and no porous coatings of lithium lanthanum titanates of the series Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (LLTO). This oxide is a fast Li+ conductor with an ionic conductivity of σ = 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 °C. At first, a solution chemistry synthesis was chosen and developed to prepare coatings of LLTO on an appropriated wafer. The EISA (Evaporation Induced Self-Assembly) method was used, but these coatings (250 nm) are very porous and could find an application for gas sensors. For pH sensors or reference electrode applications, thick and non porous coatings are required. The DATEC process was used in this context. These films were realized with a slurry composition having ceramic powders and precursors sol-gel solution. LLTO thick coatings (10 μm) were obtained. These new materials are very interesting for an all-solid-state reference electrode
Hébert, Clément. "Matrices de microélectrodes tout diamant et composite diamant / nanotubes de carbone pour la neurophysiologie : du matériau aux composants d'interface." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805627.
Повний текст джерелаMehedi, Hasan-Al. "Diamond nanostructure fabrication by etching and growth with metallic nanoparticles." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT107/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne-dimensional structures with nanometre diameters, such as nanotubes and nanowires, have attracted extensive interest in recent years and form new family of materials that have characteristic of low weight with sometimes exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Without any change in chemical composition, fundamental properties of bulk materials can be enhanced at the nanometre scale leading to extraordinary nanodevices.Since a few years, nanowires of different semiconducting materials have been grown. To mention few of these, Si, GaN, SnO, SiC and ZnO nanowires were all successfully demonstrated. However, the growth of diamond nanowires has not yet been demonstrated, despite the strong interest for this material. Bulk diamond combines various exceptional properties for a wide range of applications: Chemical inertness, radiation hardness, biocompatibility, high hole/electron mobility (2000/1000 cm2/V/s), high thermal conductivity (22 W/cm/K), wide bandgap (5.5 eV), and wide electric potential window (3.25 eV H-O evolutions).Since about 30 years, the growth of diamond thin film is well controlled either as insulator or as semiconductor with p- and n- type dopants. Fabrication of 25x25 mm2 monocrystalline diamond wafer has already been reported, and two inches wafers are expected in a couple of years demonstrating the growing interest for this material. Among present or short-term applications one can mention alpha-particle detectors, solar-blind UV sensors, high voltage electronic devices, bio-sensors and single photon source. The realization of nanowires should improve the performance of some of these devices and also open a range of new high performance applications.The stability of 0D (nanocrystals) and 1D (nanowires) diamond nanostructures has been extensively studied using ab initio modelling and indicates that for specific crystallographic orientations clusters of nanometric size are thermodynamically stable. One experimental indication for diamond nanowire growth has been published by Sun et al. in 2005, based on nanocrystal nucleation and growth on carbon nanotubes followed by 1D growth. This particular nucleation process on carbon nanotube has furthermore been explained theoretically in 2009.Based on these experimental and theoretical results, the first objective of this thesis was to explore the growth of diamond nanowire and find suitable conditions to obtain nanowires in a reproducible way. A wide range of process conditions were explored, first without any catalyst, then with metallic catalyst in order to promote Vapour-Liquid-Solid (VLS) growth. Although a comprehensive knowledge regarding carbon nanotube stability in hydrogen atmosphere and diamond-catalyst interaction has been obtained and some carbon nanostuctures were grown, no diamond nanowires were obtained in a reproducible way.However, the careful study of the diamond-catalyst interaction revealed a very interesting etching process that could be very useful for the fabrication of diamond nanostructures. A second objective was then defined: development of the etching process for diamond using transition metal as catalyst and optimization of the process parameters for specific applications such as the fabrication of porous diamond membranes for bio-sensors
Tran, Chau Cam Hoang. "Conception d'oxydes fonctionnels de métaux de transition présentant des méso- ou des nanostructures pour le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4045/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to improve the electrochemical performance of C/MnO2 asymmetric devices by elaborating manganese oxides exhibiting nano- or mesostructures. Two preparation methods are proposed. A mesoporous material is obtained through the reaction of soft template CTAP with various A alkenes. The effect of CTAP-A colloidal solution on MnO2 texture and microstructure has been studied by establishing the relationship between aggregates dimension and pore diameter. Asymmetric devices performances can be optimized this way. Attempts to employ AAO as hard template for developing a performant MnO2 electrode were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, a MnO2 microelectrode containing the oxide on nickel nanowires electrodeposited on AAO provided excellent electrochemical performances, comparable with current microsupercapacitor electrodes. Asymmetric device energy retention with increasing power is good due to the excellent MnO2/nickel nanowires connection. This thesis offers insights on the MnO2 formation and proposes promising microelectrodes for microsupercapacitors
Dinh, Khac Huy. "Fabrication of solid state Micro-Supercapacitors based on transition metal nitride thin films for powering the Internet of Things." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN021.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has led in an increased demand for energy storage devices. Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for high-speed applications due to their high-rate capabilities, long cycle life and environmental friendliness. However, the main challenge to be addressed for the widespread industrial use of MSCs is their relatively low energy density. To address this issue, various solutions have been explored to increase the capacitance or the cell voltage by playing with the electrolyte used, electrode materials and device topologies to achieve high-performance MSCs. This work focuses on the investigation of thin film electrode materials prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition. In particular, vanadium tungsten nitride (VWN) and ruthenium nitride (RuN) have been investigated as efficient pseudocapacitive electrode materials. This work was carried out in the frame of the CAMISOL project selected by the Lille university through the PEARL program (Program for EArly-stage Researchers in Lille) cofunded by the European Commission, where the motivation was to fabricate solid-state VN (or VWN) // RuN asymmetric micro-supercapacitors (AMSC). VWN thin films were synthesized using co-sputtering and nanolaminate approaches and demonstrated excellent performance challenging the best multicatonic materials reported for MSCs. Advanced characterization mapping techniques were used to explore the correlation between the structural, electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the films. This approach offers new perspectives and provides a powerful characterization tool for the next generation of electrochemical materials fabricated by thin film deposition methods at Lille University.In the following part of the thesis, RuN films were investigated as efficient electrode materials, and solid-state VN // RuN AMSC was presented as a proof of concept. Sputtering parameters were carefully optimized to maximize the film porosity while maintaining high electrical conductivity. Various advanced techniques were employed to reveal the complexity of the structure and charge storage mechanism of RuN films. Taking advantage from the complementary working window of VN and RuN films in a 1M KOH aqueous electrolyte, the cell voltage of the VN // RuN AMSC device was significantly increased, reaching up to 1.15 V. As a result, the VN // RuN AMSC exhibited one of the highest areal energy densities reported so far for AMSCs based on transition metal nitride thin films. Finally, the study of the use of solid-state electrolyte, PVA/KOH hydrogel electrolyte and ionic liquids in the fabrication of all-solid-state AMSCs was presented