Статті в журналах: "Microbial decontamination"

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S, Murukesan. "Microbial Contamination of Toothbrush and Methods to Overcome - A Review." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.11.03.art030.

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Numerous microbes found in household toothbrushes can lead to contamination of the oral cavity. These microorganisms can survive on the toothbrush for several days or weeks. Several studies have found a link between tooth decay and toothbrush bacterial residues. As a result, toothbrush disinfection is critical for toothbrush and oral hygiene maintenance. Furthermore, brush disinfection is required to prevent disease transmission, especially in children, the elderly, and high-risk patients, such as those with immunodeficiency or undergoing organ transplants or chemotherapy. This paper aims to analyse various methods of decontaminating toothbrushes. Numerous techniques have been discussed in the literature regarding decontamination of toothbrushes between uses. However, no single completely efficacious technique has been found to the said effect. Therefore, the search is still on for a rapidly effective, cost-effective, nontoxic, and easily implementable suitable alternative. Keywords: Chemical, Contamination, Decontamination, Physical, Toothbrush.

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Bernuzzi, Maria Luisa. "Decontamination and Validation of Isolators for Sterility Testing." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 50, s3 (April 1, 2016): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-50.s3.27.

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Abstract Decontamination with hydrogen peroxide is a technology widely used to reduce microbial contamination. A typical application of this technology is in the decontamination of sterility test isolators. This article describes how to decontaminate sterility test isolators and validate the process in order to demonstrate that the microbiological target has been achieved and that the risk of false negatives due to residuals of hydrogen peroxide is excluded. Hydrogen peroxide can adversely affect some materials, resulting in inhibition of microbial growth. A package integrity verification, focused on the risk of penetration of decontaminating agent into different product containers and through different materials, is one of the main topics. Several case studies let readers understand the most critical items, choose their materials correctly, and validate the process itself. Hydrogen peroxide measurements on the surface of several materials, inside the primary packaging container, and inside aqueous solutions are part of this article. Validation of the decontamination cycle as well as validation of the operative procedure are key elements for a good laboratory practices approach.

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Nair, Ashrit, Amanpreet Behl, Pooja Yadav, Paresh Meel, Navneet Sharma, and Bhupendra Singh Butola. "Dynamic Mechanism-Based Portable Anti-Microbial Green Decontamination Station." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 16, no. 45 (December 13, 2023): 4280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v16i45.266.

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Lavoie, Jacques, and Paul Comtois. "Microbial Decontamination of Ventilation Systems." Indoor and Built Environment 2, no. 5-6 (1993): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463273.

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Lavoie, Jacques, and Paul Comtois. "Microbial Decontamination of Ventilation Systems." Indoor Environment 2, no. 5-6 (September 1993): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9300200506.

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Carvalho, Clairde, Moara Pinto, Samuel Batista, Patrick Quelemes, Carlos Falcão, and Maria Ferraz. "Decontamination of Gutta-percha Cones employed in Endodontics." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 33, no. 1 (June 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.33/1/045.

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The gutta-percha cones used in endodontic treatment are produced in aseptic conditions and their composition includes zinc oxide, which is responsible for antibacterial activity. However, there is the possibility of microbial contamination by manipulation, aerosol or during storage. Although several chemical agents have been tested for their decontamination, there is no consensus on the best disinfection protocol to be used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decontamination of gutta-percha cones contaminated with the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, by using chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at different concentrations for short exposure times. For this purpose, gutta-percha cones (size 40) were selected at random from a sealed box and immersed for 1 min in a microbial suspension. Then they were immersed in specific Petri dishes for different groups containing: CHX 2%, NaClO 1% or NaClO 2.5% for 30 s or 1 min, and subsequently placed in tubes containing BHI broth. After incubating the tubes for 48 h, it was observed that 1% and 2.5% NaClO and 2% CHX were effective for decontaminating the cones at those exposure time intervals. Microbial growth was detected in one of the replicates of the group with CHX applied for 30 s. To prevent the possibility of failures at this stage, the

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Zuaretz‐Peled, S., Y. Tchorsh, A. M. Nasser, and B. Fattal. "Active microbial decontamination of tilapia fish." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 6, no. 1 (March 1996): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603129609356874.

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Feroz, F., K. K. Das, and T. Islam. "Comparison of commercially available food decontaminants with established methods of decontamination for household practices which are used to keep foods safe." Food Research 4, no. 5 (May 30, 2020): 1688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(5).175.

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The microbiological safety of food has been a major concern in Bangladesh following several reports of food borne outbreaks associated with contaminated food and vegetables. To minimize the outbreak, several studies suggested that decontamination is necessary before cooking. Washing with water is the most common technique for decontamination in Bangladesh. In order to ensure food safety, the use of different food washing agents is also becoming popular day by day. For this reason, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various sanitizers and treatment method for decontamination. In this study, several decontamination methods including washing with hot water, cold water, salt water, vinegar and commercially available food sanitizer to evaluate for their efficacy against different microorganisms. Here, salad vegetables were washed with various sanitizers and then microbiological analysis was done to reveal the bacterial and fungal load. This study revealed that most of the sanitizing methods were able to reduce microbial load minimum by 2 log CFU/g. Vinegar and hot water wash were the most effective method of decontamination compare to others with the former showing a 3 log CFU/g reduction. This can be concluded that common items like the use of vinegar and hot water were more effective than the commercial decontaminating agents available.

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Alfred, Myrtede, Ken Catchpole, Emily Huffer, Larry Fredendall, and Kevin M. Taaffe. "Work systems analysis of sterile processing: decontamination." BMJ Quality & Safety 29, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009422.

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BackgroundFew studies have explored the work of sterile processing departments (SPD) from a systems perspective. Effective decontamination is critical for removing organic matter and reducing microbial levels from used surgical instruments prior to disinfection or sterilisation and is delivered through a combination of human work and supporting technologies and processes.ObjectiveIn this paper we report the results of a work systems analysis that sought to identify the complex multilevel interdependencies that create performance variation in decontamination and identify potential improvement interventions.MethodsThe research was conducted at a 700-bed academic hospital with two reprocessing facilities decontaminating approximately 23 000 units each month. Mixed methods, including 56 hours of observations of work as done, formal and informal interviews with relevant stakeholders and analysis of data collected about the system, were used to iteratively develop a process map, task analysis, abstraction hierarchy and a variance matrix.ResultsWe identified 21 different performance shaping factors, 30 potential failures, 16 types of process variance, and 10 outcome variances in decontamination. Approximately 2% of trays were returned to decontamination from assembly, while decontamination problems were found in about 1% of surgical cases. Staff knowledge, production pressures, instrument design, tray composition and workstation design contributed to outcomes such as reduced throughput, tray defects, staff injuries, increased inventory and equipment costs, and patient injuries.ConclusionsEnsuring patients and technicians’ safety and efficient SPD operation requires improved design of instruments and the decontamination area, skilled staff, proper equipment maintenance and effective coordination of reprocessing tasks.

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Chong, Joaquín A., and José A. Dumas. "WOODCHIP PATHOGEN DECONTAMINATION WITH A BENEFICIAL MICROBIAL MIXTURE." Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 106, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46429/jaupr.v106i1.21058.

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Mikelsaar, Marika. "Human microbial ecology: Lactobacilli, probiotics, selective decontamination." Anaerobe 17, no. 6 (December 2011): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.07.005.

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Nkosi, Davies Veli, Johan Leon Bekker, and Louwrens Christian Hoffman. "The Use of Organic Acids (Lactic and Acetic) as a Microbial Decontaminant during the Slaughter of Meat Animal Species: A Review." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102293.

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Wild ungulate species provide a much-needed protein source to many communities in developed and developing countries. Frequently, these game meat animals are slaughtered, and the meat is unknowingly contaminated by microorganisms and released to the unsuspecting public. This review investigates the global usage of organic acids (lactic and acetic acids) as microbial decontamination strategies during slaughter. The results show that there is a more open-minded approach to adopting possible decontamination plans as a tool to improve meat safety during slaughter. Developed countries continue to adopt these strategies, while developing countries are lagging behind. While decontamination of carcasses can lead to a reduction of microbial load on these carcasses, this strategy must not be seen as a replacement of hygiene management during the animals’ slaughter.

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Dąbrowiecki, Zbigniew, Małgorzata Dąbrowiecka, Romuald Olszański, and Piotr Siermontowski. "Microbial Contamination of a Diving Suit." Polish Hyperbaric Research 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2018-0005.

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Abstract Pathogenic micro-organisms can easily transfer from the surface of a diver’s skin onto the surfaces of a protective suit. A long-term stay in a hyperbaric chamber during a saturation dive increases the risk of infection if in the chamber there is even a single carrier of disease-causing pathogens. The conducted research has confirmed that the diving equipment located in Diving Centres is a place of many different bacteria and fungi, including pathogenic ones. The vast majority of microbes found on the surfaces of wetsuits, etc. are commensals (with some being opportunistic organisms). This fact allows us to realise that the surfaces of diving equipment are an excellent “transmission route” for various dermatoses and other diseases. In order to reduce the risk of infection the diving equipment used by various people should be subject to the process of decontamination. The authors recommend decontamination with the use of gaseous hydrogen peroxide which does not cause damage to equipment.

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Kordová, Tereza, Vladimír Scholtz, Josef Khun, Hana Soušková, Pavel Hozák, and Miroslav Čeřovský. "Inactivation of Microbial Food Contamination of Plastic Cups Using Nonthermal Plasma and Hydrogen Peroxide." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (July 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5616437.

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The inactivation effect of the combination of nonthermal plasma and hydrogen peroxide aerosol for the microbial decontamination of inner surface of cylindrical container buckets is studied on one bacterial and seven filamentous micromycete species and on airborne-contaminated cups. While the decontamination by single nonthermal plasma or hydrogen peroxide is not observable after 120 s, the strong decontamination by their combination occurs after 30 s of exposure. Moreover, observed total elimination of airborne contamination of plastic cups predetermines this method as a suitable alternative to the currently used method based on the application of hydrogen peroxide.

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Oliveira, Márcia, Brijesh K. Tiwari, and Geraldine Duffy. "Emerging Technologies for Aerial Decontamination of Food Storage Environments to Eliminate Microbial Cross-Contamination." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121779.

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Air is recognized as an important source of microbial contamination in food production facilities and has the potential to contaminate the food product causing food safety and spoilage issues for the food industry. Potential for aerial microbial contamination of food can be a particular issue during storage in cold rooms when the food is not packaged and is exposed to contaminated air over a prolonged period. Thus, there are potential benefits for the food industry for an aerial decontamination in cold storage facilities. In this paper, aerial decontamination approaches are reviewed and challenges encountered for their applications are discussed. It is considered that current systems may not be completely effective and environmentally friendly, therefore, it is of great significance to consider the development of nonresidual and verified decontamination technologies for the food industry and, in particular, for the cold storage rooms.

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Zimmerman, Peta-Anne, Michael Browne, and Dale Rowland. "Instilling a culture of cleaning: Effectiveness of decontamination practices on non-disposable sphygmomanometer cuffs." Journal of Infection Prevention 19, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757177418780997.

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Background: Sphygmomanometers and their cuffs are non-critical items that can act as a fomite for transmission of pathogens which may cause healthcare-associated infection (HAI), leading to an argument that disposable equipment improves patient safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that decontamination decreased in microbial contamination of non-disposable sphygmomanometer cuffs, providing evidence to negate the need to purchase, and dispose of, single-patient-use cuffs, reducing cost and environmental impact. Methods: A pre–post intervention study of available sphygmomanometer cuffs and associated bedside patient monitors was conducted using a series of microbiological samples in a rural emergency department. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysed the effect of the decontamination intervention. To further examine the effect of the decontamination intervention, Mann–Whitney U-tests were conducted for each aspect. Findings: Contamination was significantly higher before decontamination than afterwards (Z = −5.14, U = 55.0, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.61 inner; Z = −5.05, U = 53.5, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.59 outer). Discussion: Decontamination of non-disposable sphygmomanometer cuffs decreases microbial load and risk of HAI, providing evidence to negate arguments for disposable cuffs while being environmentally sensitive and supportive of a culture of patient safety and infection control.

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Epelle, Emmanuel I., Andrew Macfarlane, Michael Cusack, Anthony Burns, Ngozi Amaeze, Kenny Richardson, William Mackay, Mostafa E. Rateb, and Mohammed Yaseen. "Stabilisation of Ozone in Water for Microbial Disinfection." Environments 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9040045.

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In current times of increasing global decontamination concerns, sustainable and environmentally-friendly technologies that possess rapid and effective disinfection capabilities are necessary for public health and safety. In this study, we evaluate the potential of ozone-based technology to reveal its immense potential in disinfection applications. Ozonated water generated by an electrolytic method was utilised to quantify ozone retention as a function of mineralogical composition for microbial decontamination. The impacts of temperature and detergent concentration on ozone concentration are critically analysed, as well as ozone’s decomposition and stain removal characteristics. In addition, fabric swatches inoculated with known concentrations of environmental microbes (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus) are washed with ozonated water to ascertain the impact of wash duration on bacterial removal efficiency. The results show significant improvement in the stability and retention potential of ozone in mineral water at low temperature and in the presence of a detergent. The experiments demonstrate first-order decomposition kinetics of ozone in aqueous formulations. The disinfection potency of ozone is also substantiated by a significant removal of microbiota on the fabric utilised (up to 7 log reduction for the bacteria analysed), thus making it effective for sterilisation applications. This also reduces the need for toxic chemicals or chemicals with toxic by-products (e.g., chlorine) for large-scale decontamination operations in various industries.

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B, Nwokoma Darlington, Dagde Kenneth K, Akpa Jackson G, and Ehirim Emmanuel. "Biokinetic Study of Microbial Decontamination of Oilfield Produced Water." International Journal of Chemical and Process Engineering Research 9, no. 1 (September 19, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/65.v9i1.3129.

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This work was aimed at identifying microbials and determining the biokinetic parameters for bio-decontamination of oilfield produced water. An extant physical treatment unit for produced water was re-engineered and retrofit with a discontinuous aerobic bioreactor (Bio-Unit) system. The Bio-Unit was operated in a fill-and-draw sequence and the rates of total organic carbon (TOC) removal and biomass growth were monitored. The isolated microbial strains were identified as Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Chryseobacterium spp. The biokinetic parameters of the bio-detoxification process were determined by fitting experimental data into the Monod Equation. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k_m), maximum specific growth rate (μ(m,h )), substrate half saturation coefficient (K(STOC )), yield (Y), and endogenous decay rate (b_h), were found to be 0.20 day-1, 0.31 day-1, 2.7 mg TOC/l, 1.6 mg MLSS/mg TOC, and 0.23 day-1, respectively. These values are within the range published in literatures for oilfield produced water, thus will suffice for designing, modeling and control of biological treatment systems, since biokinetic parameters for real oilfield produced water treatment using discontinuous biological configuration is scanty.

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Katsui, Noriaki, Michiko Manabe, and Eiji Kita. "Microbial Decontamination of Nebulizers and Their Proper Use." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 70, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.70.7_311.

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Cairns, SA, and ET Hegarty. "Microbial Load and Decontamination in the Theatre Suite." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 8 (November 2008): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588408x321819.

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Lung, Hsiang-Mei, Yu-Chi Cheng, Yin-Hsuan Chang, Hsiao-Wen Huang, Binghuei Barry Yang, and Chung-Yi Wang. "Microbial decontamination of food by electron beam irradiation." Trends in Food Science & Technology 44, no. 1 (July 2015): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.03.005.

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Bukhartseva, E. V., G. Ya Kivman, and T. A. Shub. "Microbial contamination of suppositories, possibility of their decontamination." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 29, no. 11 (November 1995): 806–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02331871.

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Hu, Yueming, Wei Nie, Xinzhong Hu, and Zaigui Li. "Microbial decontamination of wheat grain with superheated steam." Food Control 62 (April 2016): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.001.

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Hosseinpour, Sepanta, Ashwin Nanda, Laurence J. Walsh, and Chun Xu. "Microbial Decontamination and Antibacterial Activity of Nanostructured Titanium Dental Implants: A Narrative Review." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092336.

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Peri-implantitis is the major cause of the failure of dental implants. Since dental implants have become one of the main therapies for teeth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has been rising. Like the periodontal diseases that affect the supporting tissues of the teeth, peri-implant diseases are also associated with the formation of dental plaque biofilm, and resulting inflammation and destruction of the gingival tissues and bone. Treatments for peri-implantitis are focused on reducing the bacterial load in the pocket around the implant, and in decontaminating surfaces once bacteria have been detached. Recently, nanoengineered titanium dental implants have been introduced to improve osteointegration and provide an osteoconductive surface; however, the increased surface roughness raises issues of biofilm formation and more challenging decontamination of the implant surface. This paper reviews treatment modalities that are carried out to eliminate bacterial biofilms and slow their regrowth in terms of their advantages and disadvantages when used on titanium dental implant surfaces with nanoscale features. Such decontamination methods include physical debridement, chemo-mechanical treatments, laser ablation and photodynamic therapy, and electrochemical processes. There is a consensus that the efficient removal of the biofilm supplemented by chemical debridement and full access to the pocket is essential for treating peri-implantitis in clinical settings. Moreover, there is the potential to create ideal nano-modified titanium implants which exert antimicrobial actions and inhibit biofilm formation. Methods to achieve this include structural and surface changes via chemical and physical processes that alter the surface morphology and confer antibacterial properties. These have shown promise in preclinical investigations.

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Ni, Hongjun, Kaixuan Wang, Shuaishuai Lv, Xingxing Wang, Lu Zhuo, and Jiaqiao Zhang. "Effects of Concentration Variations on the Performance and Microbial Community in Microbial Fuel Cell Using Swine Wastewater." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2020): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092231.

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The variation of substrate concentration in anode chamber directly affects the power generation efficiency and decontamination performance of microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this study, three concentrations of swine wastewater with 800 mg/L, 1600 mg/L and 2500 mg/L were selected as substrates, and the performance of MFC and response characteristics of anode microbial community were investigated. The results show that the concentration of a selected substrate is positively correlated with the output voltage of MFC and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate. The microbial community diversity in the anode chamber and the performance of battery can be significantly affected when concentration changes in different ways, which helps to selectively cultivate the adaptable dominant bacteria to enhance the stability and decontamination performance of MFC. The community structure of anodic biofilm is mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Spirochaetae. These findings are meaningful to improve the treatment effects of swine wastewater and can help to find out the mechanism of varying concentration that influences the production of microorganisms in MFC.

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Scott, Vikki-Jo. "Evaluating the effectiveness of octenidine-containing wash mitts in reducing infections in intensive care." British Journal of Nursing 31, no. 16 (September 8, 2022): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.16.838.

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Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at a greater risk of developing hospital-acquired infections (HCAIs). Decontamination, which usually includes a regimen of body washing with an antimicrobial skin cleanser, is used to prevent HCAIs. Approaches can be: targeted, where carriers are identified and decontaminated; or universal, where all patients undergo a decontamination regimen. Universal rather than targeted decontamination is more effective at reducing infection rates and is more cost-effective. Decontamination in the ICU can lower HCAI rates across the entire hospital. Microbial resistance to chlorhexidine, however, which is the main active agent used for decontamination is increasing, and there are also adverse effects, leading to interest in octenidine as an alternative. This article explores the use of octenidine-containing single-use wash mitts in ICUs, which have been positively evaluated regarding antimicrobial activity, and ease and effectiveness of use.

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BAGCI, UFUK, and AYHAN TEMIZ. "Microbiological Quality of Fresh-Squeezed Orange Juice and Efficacy of Fruit Surface Decontamination Methods in Microbiological Quality." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-021.

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The aims of this study were to evaluate the microbiological quality of fresh-squeezed orange juice and to reduce the microbial population by using various chemical and physical fruit surface decontamination methods. In the first step of the study, polyethylene-bottled fresh-squeezed orange juice samples purchased in Ankara, Turkey, were examined. The average aerobic plate count (APC) and coliform count (CC) varied within the ranges of 3 to 5 log CFU/ml and 1 to 4 log MPN/ml, respectively. Ten of 60 samples contained various levels of Escherichia coli, while Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in any of the samples. Comparing the efficacy of various fruit surface decontamination methods on microbial population of oranges, the best results were obtained following two applications of submersion in boiling water and 5% H2O2 solution for both the uninoculated and inoculated samples. Orange juice samples obtained from surface-inoculated and decontaminated oranges were also examined. We showed that about 17.4% of the E. coli population was transferred to orange juice after extraction, indicating the separation of microbial contaminants from fruit peel during extraction. Finally, the levels of microbial contamination occurred throughout the extraction process on the inner surfaces of a commercial juice extractor at one of the sale points investigated. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the APC and CC were determined in surface samples of the extractor after the extraction. Surface decontamination and extraction are critical steps in fresh juice production for preventing microbial contamination. Immersion in boiling water for 0.5 min, without using any chemicals, can be offered as an effective method to reduce microbial population on orange surfaces.

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Rana, Divyansh, Sumedha Mohan, and Sakshi Singh. "E-waste Management Using Microbial Biotechnology." International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 08, no. 04 (2024): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2024.804013.

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Electronic waste is an alarming problem faced globally in today’s constantly changing world of technological innovations. The major challenge is to create various innovative and cost-effective ways for decontaminating polluted environments so that they are safe for human habitation, consumption and functioning of various ecosystems that support life. To date, for the management of e-waste no sound eco-friendly technique is available. Hence, biological approach using microorganisms is currently being applied for recovering leached metals from contaminated soil, groundwater, surface water polluted by e-waste, removing toxicity and decontamination of these abiotic components polluted due to e-waste. There are different technologies used for management of e-waste using microorganisms which include microremediation, phytoremediation and vermiremediation. Microremediation involves the use of various microorganisms, phytoremediation the use of plants and symbiotic microorganisms, whereas vermiremediation involves the use of earthworms and necessary associated microbes for e-waste management. These technologies are becoming attractive alternatives as compared to the primitive disposal technologies because they are cost effective, work at ambient temperatures, do not have any major environmental impacts, generate minimum secondary waste and have an inherently aesthetic nature. This paper summarizes the status of ewaste and its harmful effects on life as well as environment and use of innovative microbial biotechnological approaches for handling of e-waste and metal recovery thereof.

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Assaf, Jean Claude, Sahar Nahle, Ali Chokr, Nicolas Louka, Ali Atoui, and André El Khoury. "Assorted Methods for Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Using Microbial Adsorbents." Toxins 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060304.

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Aflatoxins (AF) are carcinogenic metabolites produced by different species of Aspergillus which readily colonize crops. AFM1 is secreted in the milk of lactating mammals through the ingestion of feedstuffs contaminated by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Therefore, its presence in milk, even in small amounts, presents a real concern for dairy industries and consumers of dairy products. Different strategies can lead to the reduction of AFM1 contamination levels in milk. They include adopting good agricultural practices, decreasing the AFB1 contamination of animal feeds, or using diverse types of adsorbent materials. One of the most effective types of adsorbents used for AFM1 decontamination are those of microbial origin. This review discusses current issues about AFM1 decontamination methods. These methods are based on the use of different bio-adsorbent agents such as bacteria and yeasts to complex AFM1 in milk. Moreover, this review answers some of the raised concerns about the binding stability of the formed AFM1-microbial complex. Thus, the efficiency of the decontamination methods was addressed, and plausible experimental variants were discussed.

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Garvey, Mark I., Craig W. Bradley, and Jimmy Walker. "A Year in the Life of a Contaminated Heater-Cooler Unit With Mycobacterium chimaera?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 06 (May 5, 2017): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.64.

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OBJECTIVE Heater-cooler units (HCUs) have been shown to be a source of Mycobacterium chimaera infections. For the past year, weekly water samples have been taken from HCUs used at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) NHS Foundation Trust. We report the microbial contamination of the HCUs over a year detailing the decontamination regimes applied at UHB to reduce the microbial load. DESIGN Observational study SETTING UHB is a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Birmingham, United Kingdom, that provides clinical services to nearly 1 million patients every year. The UHB Cardiac department is one of the largest in the United Kingdom and provides treatment for adult patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases. METHODS Water samples taken from HCUs used at UHB for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were sampled over a year to determine the number of microorganisms by membrane filtration. Various decontamination processes were employed throughout the year. RESULTS Varying total viable counts containing a wide variety of microorganisms were obtained from water inside the HCUs. No M. chimaera were isolated after replacement of the HCU internal tubing. Stringent decontamination regimes resulted in degradation of the HCUs and increased TVCs after several months. CONCLUSION More work is required to ensure effective decontamination processes to reduce the microbial load within the HCUs. Our studies indicate that weekly water sampling for TVC will be required indefinitely to monitor the water quality in these units as well as regular replacement of the tubing to control the build-up of biofilm. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:705–711

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Agrawal, Santosh Kumari, Sirjana Dahal, TV Bhumika, and N. Sreekumaran Nair. "Evaluating Sanitization of Toothbrushes Using Various Decontamination Methods: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 41 (January 27, 2019): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i41.1198.

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Toothbrushes play an essential role in personal oral hygiene by effective plaque removal.However, they get heavily contaminated by bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and fungi which may originate from the oral cavity after every use as well as from the environment where they are stored. This systematic review was conducted to identify various decontamination interventions attempted scientifically and it summarizes the efficacy of each. Meta-analysis illustrated that the use of Ultra-violet rays and Microwave had a significant effect on reduction of the microbial count of a used toothbrush with a mean difference of -2.61 and CI (-4.66,-0.76) with I2=98%. When compared with non-active treatment group, the natural agents (garlic, green tree and tea-tree oil) proved to sterilize the toothbrushes effectively with mean difference of -483.34, CI (-914.79, -51.88) and I2=100%.In contrast, chlorhexidine showed the insignificant result with a mean difference of -347.55 and CI (-951.90, 256.80) with I2=100%. The evidence from this review suggests that decontaminating toothbrush reduces bacterial load. Toothbrushes exposed to radiation and natural agents proved to sanitize them effectively but chlorhexidine rendered insignificant results.Keywords: Chemical agent; disinfection; radiation; microbial load; natural agent; toothbrush.

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Ranjan, Rahul, Smruti B. Bhatt, Rohit Rai, Sanju Kumari Sharma, Rishabh Ranjan, Ankit Bharti, and Prodyut Dhar. "Rice husk valorisation by in situ grown MoS₂ nanoflowers: a dual-action catalyst for pollutant dye remediation and microbial decontamination." RSC Advances 14, no. 17 (2024): 12192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00862f.

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Gurtler, Joshua B. "Pathogen Decontamination of Food Crop Soil: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 9 (August 7, 2017): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-040.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this review is to delineate means of decontaminating soil. This information might be used to mitigate soil-associated risks of foodborne pathogens. The majority of the research in the published literature involves inactivation of plant pathogens in soil, i.e., those pathogens harmful to fruit and vegetable production and ornamental plants. Very little has been published regarding the inactivation of foodborne human pathogens in crop soil. Nevertheless, because decontamination techniques for plant pathogens might also be useful methods for eliminating foodborne pathogens, this review also includes inactivation of plant pathogens, with appropriate discussion and comparisons, in the hopes that these methods may one day be validated against foodborne pathogens. Some of the major soil decontamination methods that have been investigated and are covered include chemical decontamination (chemigation), solarization, steaming, biofumigation, bacterial competitive exclusion, torch flaming, microwave treatment, and amendment with biochar. Other innovative means of inactivating foodborne pathogens in soils may be discovered and explored in the future, provided that these techniques are economically feasible in terms of chemicals, equipment, and labor. Food microbiology and food safety researchers should reach out to soil scientists and plant pathologists to create links where they do not currently exist and strengthen relationships where they do exist to take advantage of multidisciplinary skills. In time, agricultural output and the demand for fresh produce will increase. With advances in the sensitivity of pathogen testing and epidemiological tracebacks, the need to mitigate preharvest bacterial contamination of fresh produce will become paramount. Hence, soil decontamination technologies may become more economically feasible and practical in light of increasing the microbial safety of fresh produce.

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Meto, Aida, Enrico Conserva, Francesco Liccardi, Bruna Colombari, Ugo Consolo, and Elisabetta Blasi. "Differential Efficacy of Two Dental Implant Decontamination Techniques in Reducing Microbial Biofilm and Re-Growth onto Titanium Disks In Vitro." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 3191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153191.

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Dental implants are crucial therapeutic devices for successful substitution of missing teeth. Failure cases are mainly pathogen-associated events, allowing clinical progression toward peri-mucositis or peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two mechanical decontamination systems, Nickel-Titanium brush (Brush) and Air-Polishing system with 40 µm bicarbonate powder (BIC-40), by means of a novel bioluminescence-based model that measures microbial load in real time. Briefly, 30 disks were contaminated using the bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (BLI-P. aeruginosa), treated with Brush (30 s rounds, for 90 s) or BIC-40 (30 s, at 5 mm distance) procedure, and then assessed for microbial load, particularly, biofilm removal and re-growth. Our results showed that Brush and BIC-40 treatment reduced microbial load of about 1 and more than 3 logs, respectively. Furthermore, microbial re-growth onto Brush-treated disks rapidly occurred, while BIC-40-treated disks were slowly recolonized, reaching levels of microbial load consistently below those observed with the controls. In conclusion, we provide evidence on the good performance of BIC-40 as titanium device-decontamination system, the clinical implication for such findings will be discussed.

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Pérez-Lavalle, Liliana, Elena Carrasco, and Antonio Valero. "Strategies for Microbial Decontamination of Fresh Blueberries and Derived Products." Foods 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111558.

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Increasing consumption of blueberries is associated with appreciation of their organoleptic properties together with their multiple health benefits. The increasing number of outbreaks caused by pathogenic microorganisms associated with their consumption in the fresh state and the rapid spoilage of this product which is mainly caused by moulds, has led to the development and evaluation of alternatives that help mitigate this problem. This article presents different strategies ranging from chemical, physical and biological technologies to combined methods applied for microbial decontamination of fresh blueberries and derived products. Sanitizers such as peracetic acid (PAA), ozone (O3), and electrolyzed water (EOW), and physical technologies such as pulsed light (PL) and cold plasma (CP) are potential alternatives to the use of traditional chlorine. Likewise, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) or pulsed electrical fields (PEF) successfully achieve microbial reductions in derivative products. A combination of methods at moderate intensities or levels is a promising strategy to increase microbial decontamination with a minimal impact on product quality.

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Shahi, Naresh, ByungJin Min, and Eunice A. Bonsi. "Microbial Decontamination of Fresh Produce (Strawberry) Using Washing Solutions." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 3 (March 30, 2015): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n3p128.

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This study was carried out to determine the effect of natural antimicrobial washing solutions against microbial growths on fresh produce specifically strawberries. Selected washing solutions used for strawberry washing, and treatments were sterile water (control), white vinegar (VI), crude lemon juice extract (LE), VI+Origanum oil (VIO), LE+Origanum oil (LEO), and VI+LE+Origanum oil (VILEO). From the preliminary study of antimicrobial activity of washing solutions in aqueous model system tested at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min against S. Typhimurium, washing time was determined as 5 min to be used for this study. After the washing, strawberries were stored at 4 °C for 5 days. Results showed that all natural washing solutions exhibited inhibitory effect against total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold. On day 5, compared to the control, all washing solutions significantly reduced S. Typhimurium by 2.7 Log CFU/g (P<0.05). Color results showed that samples color were slightly changed by washing with VIO and VILEO. However, there was no significant difference in total color change on strawberries compared to the control (P>0.05). Based on the results, it is indicated that the combination of vinegar with crude lemon juice extract and essential oil might be suitable as natural sanitizer for decontamination of fresh produce.

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Savitha, S., Snehasis Chakraborty, and Bhaskar N. Thorat. "Microbial Contamination and Decontamination of Onion and its Products." Applied Food Research 2, no. 1 (June 2022): 100032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2021.100032.

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Cabello, Juan Ramón, Salud Serrano, Inmaculada Rodríguez, Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel, María Dolores Hernando, and José Manuel Flores. "Microbial Decontamination of Bee Pollen by Direct Ozone Exposure." Foods 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112593.

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The bee pollen is a complete and healthy food with important nutritional properties. Usually, bee pollen is consumed dehydrated, but it is possible to market it as fresh frozen pollen, favoring the maintenance of its properties and greatly increasing its palatability, compared to dried pollen. However, fresh frozen pollen maintains a high microbiological load that can include some pathogenic genus to human health. In this work, ozonation combined with drying is applied to reduce the microbiological load. The lowest timing exposure to ozone (30 min) was chosen together with hot-air drying during 15 min to evaluate the shelf-life of treated bee-pollen under cold storage (4 °C), and initial reductions of 3, 1.5, and 1.7 log cycles were obtained for Enterobacteriaceae, mesophilic aerobes, and molds and yeasts counting, respectively. Six weeks after treatment the microbial load was held at a lower level than initially observed in fresh bee-pollen. In addition, ozone treatment did not have a negative impact on the polyphenols evaluated. Likewise, the sensory profile of the bee pollen under different treatments was studied. For all these assays the results have been favorable, so we can say that ozonation of fresh pollen is safe for human consumption, which maintains its polyphenols composition and organoleptically is better valued than dried pollen.

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Ehlbeck, J., U. Schnabel, M. Polak, J. Winter, Th von Woedtke, R. Brandenburg, T. von dem Hagen, and K.-D. Weltmann. "Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma sources for microbial decontamination." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 44, no. 1 (December 8, 2010): 013002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/1/013002.

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40

Aviv, Oren, Shady Farah, Nir Amir, Natalia Laout, Stanislav Ratner, and Abraham J. Domb. "N-Bromo-dimethylhydantoin Polystyrene Resin for Water Microbial Decontamination." Biomacromolecules 16, no. 4 (March 12, 2015): 1442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00249.

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Levy, Caroline, Xavier Aubert, Bernard Lacour, and Frédéric Carlin. "Relevant factors affecting microbial surface decontamination by pulsed light." International Journal of Food Microbiology 152, no. 3 (January 2012): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.022.

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Kim, Jung Eun, Dong-Un Lee, and Sea C. Min. "Microbial decontamination of red pepper powder by cold plasma." Food Microbiology 38 (April 2014): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2013.08.019.

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Alcock, S. R. "The effect of selective digestive decontamination upon microbial colonisation." Réanimation Urgences 1, no. 3 (January 1992): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(05)80327-5.

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WOOLTHUIS, CASPAR H. J., and FRANS J. M. SMULDERS. "Microbial Decontamination of Calf Carcasses by Lactic Acid Sprays." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.10.832.

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Six experiments were done with a total of 73 veal calves. Two pilot experiments were concerned to determine the maximal concentrations of lactic acid sprays that were acceptable in terms of fat cover color score and flavor score of lean Longissimus muscle. These pilot experiments indicated that concentrations up to 1.25% (vol/vol) of L-lactic acid did not produce unacceptable discoloration, and concentrations up to 2.00% (vol/vol) were not significantly different from controls in terms of flavor. In four additional experiments, the bactericidal properties of 1.25% L-lactic acid sprays were quantified. When measured 24 h postmortem, aerobic colony counts (3 d, 30°C) were reduced by 0.8 and 1.3 log10 CFU/cm2 on breast and perineum, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae counts, that were approximately 1.8 log10 CFU/cm2 initially, were reduced below their limit of detection (<1.3 log10 CFU/cm2) as a result of lactic acid treatment. All tests for Salmonella were negative. Few, if any, Lactobacillaceae were isolated both in treatment and control groups.

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Mishra, B. B., S. Gautam, and A. Sharma. "Microbial Decontamination of Tea (Camellia sinensis) by Gamma Radiation." Journal of Food Science 71, no. 6 (August 2006): M151—M156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00057.x.

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46

Geerdink, M. J., R. H. Kleijntjens, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, and K. C. A. M. Luyben. "Microbial Decontamination of Polluted Soil in a Slurry Process." Journal of Environmental Engineering 122, no. 11 (November 1996): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1996)122:11(975).

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Hoffmann, Angeline, Volker Fingerle, and Matthias Noll. "Analysis of Tick Surface Decontamination Methods." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8070987.

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Various microbial pathogens have been found in ticks such as Ixodes ricinus. However, most studies assessed tick microbiomes without prior decontamination of the tick surface, which may alter the results and mislead conclusions regarding the composition of the tick-borne microbiome. The aim of this study was to test four different decontamination methods, namely (i.) 70% ethanol, (ii.) DNA Away, (iii.) 5% sodium hypochlorite and (iv.) Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL), which have been previously reported for tick surface and animal or human skin decontamination. To test the efficiency of decontamination, we contaminated each tick with a defined mixture of Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dog saliva and human sweat. No contamination was used as a negative control, and for a positive control, a no decontamination strategy was carried out. After nucleic acid extraction, the recovery rate of contaminants was determined for RNA and DNA samples by qPCR and tick-borne microbiome analyses by bacterial 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Ticks treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite revealed the lowest number of contaminants followed by DNA Away, RSDL and 70% ethanol. Moreover, tick microbiomes after 5% sodium hypochlorite decontamination clustered with negative controls. Therefore, the efficiency of decontamination was optimal with 5% sodium hypochlorite and is recommended for upcoming studies to address the unbiased detection of tick-borne pathogens.

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Delso, Carlota, Alejandro Berzosa, Jorge Sanz, Ignacio Álvarez, and Javier Raso. "Two-Step PEF Processing for Enhancing the Polyphenol Concentration and Decontaminating a Red Grape Juice." Foods 11, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040621.

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This study’s aim is to evaluate Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) technology as an alternative method for the processing of red grape juice. For this purpose, two PEF treatments were applied: first to grapes for polyphenol enrichment of the juice, and subsequently for microbial decontamination of the obtained juice. Juice obtained from PEF-treated grapes (5 kV/cm, 63.4 kJ/kg) had the polyphenol content 1.5-fold higher and colour intensity two times higher of control juices by spectrophotometric measurement (p ≤ 0.05). A subsequent decontamination treatment by PEF (17.5 kV/cm and 173.6 kJ/kg) achieved inactivation of the present microbiota (yeasts, moulds, and vegetative mesophilic bacteria) below detection level (<30 CFU/mL). Furthermore, PEF-treated juices were microbiologically stable up to 45 days, even at abusive refrigeration storage temperatures (10 °C). PEF juice quality and sensory characteristics were similar to a fresh juice; they were neither affected by the PEF decontamination treatment, nor by storage time and temperature. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the considerable potential of PEF for the production of a polyphenol-enriched and microbially stabilized red grape juice as a unique and sustainable alternative for the juice industry, while avoiding enzymatic and heat treatments.

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Pottage, T., S. Macken, K. Giri, J. T. Walker, and A. M. Bennett. "Low-Temperature Decontamination with Hydrogen Peroxide or Chlorine Dioxide for Space Applications." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 12 (April 6, 2012): 4169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07948-11.

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ABSTRACTThe currently used microbial decontamination method for spacecraft and components uses dry-heat microbial reduction at temperatures of >110°C for extended periods to prevent the contamination of extraplanetary destinations. This process is effective and reproducible, but it is also long and costly and precludes the use of heat-labile materials. The need for an alternative to dry-heat microbial reduction has been identified by space agencies. Investigations assessing the biological efficacy of two gaseous decontamination technologies, vapor hydrogen peroxide (Steris) and chlorine dioxide (ClorDiSys), were undertaken in a 20-m3exposure chamber. Five spore-formingBacillusspp. were exposed on stainless steel coupons to vaporized hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide gas. Exposure for 20 min to vapor hydrogen peroxide resulted in 6- and 5-log reductions in the recovery ofBacillus atrophaeusandGeobacillus stearothermophilus, respectively. However, in comparison, chlorine dioxide required an exposure period of 60 min to reduce bothB. atrophaeusandG. stearothermophilusby 5 logs. Of the three otherBacillusspp. tested,Bacillus thuringiensisproved the most resistant to hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide with D values of 175.4 s and 6.6 h, respectively. Both low-temperature decontamination technologies proved effective at reducing theBacillusspp. tested within the exposure ranges by over 5 logs, with the exception ofB. thuringiensis, which was more resistant to both technologies. These results indicate that a review of the indicator organism choice and loading could provide a more appropriate and realistic challenge for the sterilization procedures used in the space industry.

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Lee, Gaeul, Sung-Wook Choi, Miyoung Yoo, Hyun-Joo Chang, and Nari Lee. "Effects of Plasma-Activated Water Treatment on the Inactivation of Microorganisms Present on Cherry Tomatoes and in Used Wash Solution." Foods 12, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12132461.

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Herein, we investigated the potential of plasma-activated water (PAW) as a wash solution for the microbial decontamination of cherry tomatoes. We analyzed the efficacy of PAW as a bactericidal agent based on reactive species and pH. Immersion for 5 min in PAW15 (generated via plasma activation for 15 min) was determined as optimal for microbial decontamination of fresh produce. The decontamination efficacy of PAW15 exceeded those of mimic solutions with equivalent reactive species concentrations and pH (3.0 vs. 1.7 log reduction), suggesting that the entire range of plasma-derived reactive species participates in decontamination rather than a few reactive species. PAW15-washing treatment achieved reductions of 6.89 ± 0.36, 7.49 ± 0.40, and 5.60 ± 0.05 log10 CFU/g in the counts of Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp., and Escherichia coli O157:H7, respectively, inoculated on the surface of cherry tomatoes, with none of these strains detected in the wash solution. During 6 days of 25 °C storage post-washing, the counts of aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds were below the detection limit. However, PAW15 did not significantly affect the viability of RAW264.7 cells. These results demonstrate that PAW effectively inactivates microbes and foodborne pathogens on the surface of cherry tomatoes and in the wash solution. Thus, PAW could be used as an alternative wash solution in the fresh produce industry without cross-contamination during washing and environmental contamination by foodborne pathogens or potential risks to human health.

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