Дисертації з теми "Microbial biomass carbon (MBC)"
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Kolodziej, Scott Michael. "Management effects on labile organic carbon pools." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2424.
Повний текст джерелаStark, S. (Sari). "Reindeer grazing and soil nutrient cycling in boreal and tundra ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266927.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Vanessa, and u2514228@anu edu au. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080428.223144.
Повний текст джерелаAllen, Michael Frederick. "The effects of earthworms on carbon and nitrogen flows through the soil microbial biomass in a corn agroecosystem." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299759760.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Yujuan. "The Influence of Urban Soil Rehabilitation on Soil Carbon Dynamics, Greenhouse Gas Emission, and Stormwater Mitigation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51240.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Heuck, Christine [Verfasser], and Marie [Akademischer Betreuer] Spohn. "Microbial nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and microbial biomass stoichiometry as dependent on ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soils of temperate forests / Christine Heuck ; Betreuer: Marie Spohn." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177142074/34.
Повний текст джерелаSANTOS, Uemeson José dos. "Frações do carbono e indicadores biológicos em solo do semiárido sob diferentes usos e coberturas vegetais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6570.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The land use in Caatinga has caused changes in their properties, as well as behavior and quality of organic matter. extractive character changes, agro pastoral and agricultural biome has taken this to an unsustainable condition, with profound changes in the dynamics and the stock C and its fractions, linked to changes in the microbial community that plays an important role in nutrient cycling in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil C, its labile and recalcitrant but the activity and microbial diversity in soils under different vegetation covers and historical uses. seven areas were studied which consisted of native forest (F) without human action, forest with predominance of mimosa (AF) and the other with ipe (IP); three areas converted into farmland irrigated elephant grass (EG), irrigated corn (MI) and corn without irrigation (M); and a farmyard area (NF). They were collected in different areas samples at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Evaluated the total stocks of C and N, water-soluble carbon (CSA) and the C cumulative mineralized after 32 days of incubation, the carbon oxidizable fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and its fractions humic soil (C-FAH C-FAF and C-HUM), C microbial biomass, microbial quotient (qMIC) and structure the microbial community by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PFLA). The conversion of the savanna for maize cultivation causes a decrease of 56 and 38% in stocks of C and N in the soil. The larger C stocks were observed in AF coverage, while for N, M stood out with lower stocks of this element and also below at all depths to the CSA. The C mineralizable showed linear behavior, observing a reduction in average C mineralized accumulated up to 21.03% in the intermediate depth. The AF, F and IP coverage had higher carbon content in oxidizable fractions for all depths evaluated. The AF area showed higher C levels in labile forms. The C of humic fractions showed inventories in C-FAF fractions and C-FAH 3.59 and 3.73 t ha-1, respectively for AF area; and 22.64 t ha-1 in C-HUM fraction for EG. The area with MI showed greater efficiency in the use of C for microorganisms at different depths. For CBM, coverage with F had a higher concentration, down to 78.32% in depth. Further total Pflas EG concentrations were observed in the area with a larger population of bacteria and fungi in relation to the predominance of gram positive bacteria over gram negative. F1 fractions, CSA and CHUN contributed most significantly to the increase in the stock of C and N soil. Areas converted agícola production, has the potential to change the fractions of COS and microbial activity, especially when it is making use of irrigation in these environments. The EG coverage was more efficient in the use of C and preservation of MOS, combined with a high microbial community, providing better soil quality.
A utilização do solo sob Caatinga tem ocasionado alterações nas suas propriedades, assim como no comportamento e na qualidade da matéria orgânica. Alterações de caráter extrativista, agropastoril e agrícola tem levado esse bioma a uma condição de insustentabilidade, com profundas alterações na dinâmica e no estoque do C e suas frações, atreladas às modificações na comunidade microbiana que exerce importante função na ciclagem de nutrientes no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no C do solo, suas frações lábeis e recalcitrantes além da atividade e diversidade microbiana em solos sob diferentes coberturas vegetais e históricos de usos. Foram estudadas sete áreas que consistiram em floresta nativa (F) sem ação antrópica, floresta com predominância de angico (AF) e outra com ipê (IP); três áreas convertidas em cultivos agrícolas de capim elefante irrigado (EG), milho irrigado (MI) e milho sem irrigação (M); e uma área de capoeira (NF). Foram coletadas nas diferentes áreas amostras nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, respectivamente. Avaliaram-se os estoques totais de C e N, carbono solúvel em água (CSA) e o C mineralizável acumulado aos 32 dias de incubação, as frações oxidáveis do carbono (F1, F2, F3 e F4) e suas frações nas substâncias húmicas do solo (C-FAH, C-FAF e C-HUM), o C da biomassa microbiana, quociente microbiano (qMIC) e a estrutura da comunidade microbiana através da análise de fosfolipídeos de ácidos graxos (PFLA). A conversão da caatinga para o cultivo de milho ocasionou diminuição de 56 e 38% nos estoques de C e N no solo. Os maiores estoques de C foram observados na cobertura AF, enquanto para o N, o M destacou-se com menores estoques deste elemento, sendo também inferior em todas as profundidades para o CSA. O C mineralizável apresentou comportamento linear, observando-se uma redução na média de C mineralizado acumulado de até 21,03% na profundidade intermediária. As coberturas AF, F e IP obtiveram maiores teores de carbono nas frações oxidáveis para todas as profundidades avaliadas. A área AF apresentou maiores teores de C nas formas lábeis. O C das frações húmicas, apresentaram estoques nas frações C-FAF e C-FAH de 3,59 e 3,73 t ha-1, respectivamente para área AF; e 22,64 t ha-1 na fração C-HUM para EG. A área com MI demonstrou maior eficiência na utilização do C pelos microrganismos nas diferentes profundidades. Para o CBM, a cobertura com F obteve maior concentração, com redução de até 78,32% em profundidade. Maiores concentrações de PFLAs totais foram observadas na área EG, com uma maior população de bactérias em relação aos fungos e maior predominância de bactérias gram positivas em relação as gram negativas. As frações F1, CSA e a C-HUM contribuíram de forma mais expressiva para o aumento do estoque de C e N do solo. Áreas convertidas para produção agícola, tem o potencial de alterar as frações do COS e atividade microbiana, sobretudo quando faz o uso de irrigação nesses ambientes. A cobertura EG foi mais eficiente na utilização do C e preservação da MOS, aliada a uma alta comunidade microbiana, proporcionando melhor qualidade do solo.
Rigby, Deborah Monique. "Microbial Responses to Coarse Woody Debris in Juniperus and Pinus Woodlands." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3515.
Повний текст джерелаBorges, Clovis Daniel [UNESP]. "Alterações microbianas do solo sob sistema de semeadura direta e rotação de culturas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94944.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A rotação de culturas é um processo de cultivo que pode modernizar e aumentar o rendimento da atividade agropecuária de forma sustentável agregando maior qualidade ao solo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (I) avaliar o efeito dos sistemas culturais em plantio direto conduzidos em rotação de culturas e monitorar as alterações das propriedades microbiológicas bioindicadoras da qualidade do solo; (II) investigar as mudanças bioquímicas nos solos decorrentes da adição de diferentes tamanhos de resíduos de soja e milho durante o período de incubação. Foram determinados as biomassas microbianas- C, N e P (CBM, NBM e PBM, respectivamente), a atividade respiratória (C-CO2) e das enzimas desidrogenase, fosfatase e urease, conteúdo do carbono orgânico (Corg), carbono solúvel (Csol), fósforo orgânico (Porg), matéria orgânica (MO), potencial de mineralização do N. O quociente metabólico (qCO2) e microbiano (qMIC) do solo foram calculados. Experimento (I): A avaliação foi realizada em amostras de solo coletadas após a colheita das culturas de verão do ano agrícola 2007/2008, na camada de 0-0,15 m de profundidade em um experimento conduzido sob sistema de semeadura direta, por seis anos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com esquema de faixas com três repetições. As sequências utilizadas foram as monoculturas de soja (Glycine max L.) (SS) e de milho (Zea mays L.) (MM) e a rotação de culturas soja/milho (SM). As culturas de inverno foram milho, girassol (Helianthus anuus L.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e crotalária (Crotalária juncea L.). O conteúdo da biomassa microbiana-C, N e P do solo aumentou significativamente...
Crop rotation is a practice of growing dissimilar plants that can modernize and increase the farm economy in a sustainable form for adding more quality to the soil. The aims of this study were: (I) evaluate the effect of crop sequences under no-tillage systems on changes in the soil microbiological properties; (II) investigate the biochemistries changes during the incubation of the soil added with different sizes particles of soybean and corn. There were determined the contents of microbial biomass-C, N and P, the production of C-CO2, the activities of the enzymes dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase, the organic carbon (Corg), soluble carbon (Csol), organic phosphorous (Porg) and organic matter (MO) contents and the potential of mineralization N. The soil metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (qMIC) quotients were calculated. Experiment (I): The evaluation was performed in soil samples collected after the summer crops harvest, on 2007/2008 growing season, at 0-0.15 m soil depth layer on an experiment conducted under no-tillage system through six years. The experimental had a completely randomized block design, in strips plots with three replications. The crop sequences were continuous soybean (Glycine max L.) (SS), continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (MM), and crop rotation soybean/corn (SM). Winter crops were corn, sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalária juncea L.). The content of microbial biomass-C, N and P in the soil increased significantly in crop sequence SM compared to continuous crop. The interactions SM-millet and MMsorghum influenced the content of biomass-C, SM-hemp and SM-millet in the biomass-N content... (Summary complete electronic access click below)
Liao, Julia Den-Yue. "Woodland development and soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and storage in a subtropical savanna ecosystem." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1560.
Повний текст джерелаDavoudabadi, Mohammad Javad. "Bayesian model selection and inference for field studies of soil carbon cycling." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235037/1/Mohammad%20Javad_Davoudabadi_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFERREIRA, Juscélia da Silva. "Estoque de carbono e atividade microbiana em sistemas silvipastoris na zona da mata de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4824.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The conversion of native vegetation áreas into pastures may contribute to the emission of greenhouse effect gases, due to the soil use change. The use of silvopastoral systems, which integrate legume tree species and grasses, may be a viable option to mitigate these emissions and increase soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. This work aimed to evaluate carbon stock (EC) and microbial activity in silvopastoral systems in the Forest Zone of Pernambuco. To this end, soil samplings were done at the dry and rainy seasons in an experiment evaluating signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) with sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) or gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.). Soil samples were taken up to 100 cm depth at 0, ,4 and 8 m from the legume strip, and up to 20 cm at 0,2,4,6 e 8 m from the legume strip for biological analysis. Total organic carbon (COT), total nitrogen (NT), soil organic matter chemical fractioning (fractions fulvic acid – AF; humic acid – AH and humin –HUM), soil density, microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), soil basal respiration (RBS) were determined and metabolic quocient (qCO2) and carbon stock (EC) were calculated. There was no significant difference (p>0.10) for Cmic for the distances from the legume strip at the rainy season. Significant difference was found for RBS at the rainy season for legume strip distances and soil depth layers. There was no significant difference (p >0.10) for Cmic between legume strips distances for the rainy season, while there was significant differences (p<0.10) for RBS between legume strip distances and soil layers. At the dry season, the highest qCO2 was at the 0-10 cm layer, 2 m away from the legum strip. There was significant difference between systems and legume strip distances for COT at the dry season, with the highest contents at 8 and 4 m for gliricidia and sabiá, respectively. EC had significant differences (p<0.10) between soil layers at the dry season, with higher values at the 20-60 layers, while at the rainy season there was only a significant difference at the 0-10 layer at 8 m from the legume strips, when sabiá values were 33% higher than gliricidia ones. Significant difference (p<0.10) was found for NT between layers on both seasons, with higher values going from the upper to the deeper layers. In general the AF fraction was the smallest, with higher values for all three fractions (AF, AH and HUM) for sabiá. Biological activity, as represented by Cmic and RBS, confirmed the silvopastoral systems capability of maintaining soil microbiota. The the higher C content in more stable fractions in sabiá indicates it to be more efficient in carbon sequestration. The silvopastoral system had EC similar to other cropping systems, but it might increase in a longer term of evaluation.
A conversão de áreas de vegetação nativa em pastagem pode contribuir para a emissão de gases de efeito estufa, ocasionada pela mudança no uso do solo. O uso de sistemas silvipastoris, que integram espécies arbóreas leguminosas e gramíneas, pode ser uma opção viável para mitigar essas emissões com aumento do estoque de carbono e nitrogênio no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o estoque de carbono (EC) e atividade microbiana em sistemas silvipastoris na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Para isso foi realizada coleta de solo nos períodos seco e chuvoso em experimento avaliando consórcios de braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) com sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth) ou com gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.). Foram retiradas amostras de solo até 100 cm de profundidade aos 0,4,e 8 m de distância da faixa da leguminosa, e até os 20 cm em pontos com 0,2,4,6 e 8 m de distância da faixa da leguminosa para análises biológicas. Foram determinados carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT), fracionamento químico da matéria orgânica do solo (fração ácido fúlvico-AF; ácido húmico-AH e humina-HUM), densidade do solo, carbono da biomassa microbiana (Cmic), respiração basal do solo (RBS) e calculado o quociente metabólico (qCO2) e estoque de carbono (EC). Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,10) para Cmic entre distâncias da faixa da leguminosa no período chuvoso. A RBS apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,10) no período chuvoso entre distâncias da faixa da leguminosa e camadas. No período seco, o maior valor de quociente metabólico (qCO2) ocorreu na camada de 0-10 cm, na distância 2. Houve diferença significativa entre sistemas e distâncias da faixa da leguminosa para COT no período seco, com os maiores teores nas distâncias 8 e 4, para gliricídia e sabiá, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,10) entre camadas no EC no período seco, com maior estoque nas camadas de 20-60 cm. No período chuvoso observou-se maior uniformidade do EC, com diferença significativa apenas na camada de 0-10 cm na posição 8 com sabiá 33% superior. Para NT ocorreu diferença significativa (p<0,10) entre camadas com teores que variaram nos dois períodos avaliados, com maior concentração nas camadas superficiais reduzindo em profundidade. Para o fracionamento químico, no geral, a fração AF apresentou os menores teores de C, com os maiores teores das três frações (AF, AH e HUM) no consórcio com sabiá. A atividade biológica refletida pelos valores de Cmic e RBS comprovou a capacidade dos sistemas silvipastoris em sustentar a microbiota do solo. Os maiores teores de C nas frações mais estáveis no consórcio com sabiá o destacou com maior eficiência de reter carbono. O sistema silvipastoril apresentou EC semelhante a outros sistemas de manejo, mas não se descarta possibilidade de maior retenção de C em uma avaliação do experimento a longo prazo.
Borges, Clovis Daniel. "Alterações microbianas do solo sob sistema de semeadura direta e rotação de culturas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94944.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Lucia Helena Sipauba Tavares
Banca: Elcio Liborio Balota
Resumo: A rotação de culturas é um processo de cultivo que pode modernizar e aumentar o rendimento da atividade agropecuária de forma sustentável agregando maior qualidade ao solo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (I) avaliar o efeito dos sistemas culturais em plantio direto conduzidos em rotação de culturas e monitorar as alterações das propriedades microbiológicas bioindicadoras da qualidade do solo; (II) investigar as mudanças bioquímicas nos solos decorrentes da adição de diferentes tamanhos de resíduos de soja e milho durante o período de incubação. Foram determinados as biomassas microbianas- C, N e P (CBM, NBM e PBM, respectivamente), a atividade respiratória (C-CO2) e das enzimas desidrogenase, fosfatase e urease, conteúdo do carbono orgânico (Corg), carbono solúvel (Csol), fósforo orgânico (Porg), matéria orgânica (MO), potencial de mineralização do N. O quociente metabólico (qCO2) e microbiano (qMIC) do solo foram calculados. Experimento (I): A avaliação foi realizada em amostras de solo coletadas após a colheita das culturas de verão do ano agrícola 2007/2008, na camada de 0-0,15 m de profundidade em um experimento conduzido sob sistema de semeadura direta, por seis anos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com esquema de faixas com três repetições. As sequências utilizadas foram as monoculturas de soja (Glycine max L.) (SS) e de milho (Zea mays L.) (MM) e a rotação de culturas soja/milho (SM). As culturas de inverno foram milho, girassol (Helianthus anuus L.), nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) e crotalária (Crotalária juncea L.). O conteúdo da biomassa microbiana-C, N e P do solo aumentou significativamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Crop rotation is a practice of growing dissimilar plants that can modernize and increase the farm economy in a sustainable form for adding more quality to the soil. The aims of this study were: (I) evaluate the effect of crop sequences under no-tillage systems on changes in the soil microbiological properties; (II) investigate the biochemistries changes during the incubation of the soil added with different sizes particles of soybean and corn. There were determined the contents of microbial biomass-C, N and P, the production of C-CO2, the activities of the enzymes dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase, the organic carbon (Corg), soluble carbon (Csol), organic phosphorous (Porg) and organic matter (MO) contents and the potential of mineralization N. The soil metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (qMIC) quotients were calculated. Experiment (I): The evaluation was performed in soil samples collected after the summer crops harvest, on 2007/2008 growing season, at 0-0.15 m soil depth layer on an experiment conducted under no-tillage system through six years. The experimental had a completely randomized block design, in strips plots with three replications. The crop sequences were continuous soybean (Glycine max L.) (SS), continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (MM), and crop rotation soybean/corn (SM). Winter crops were corn, sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalária juncea L.). The content of microbial biomass-C, N and P in the soil increased significantly in crop sequence SM compared to continuous crop. The interactions SM-millet and MMsorghum influenced the content of biomass-C, SM-hemp and SM-millet in the biomass-N content... (Summary complete electronic access click below)
Mestre
Barkle, Gregory Francis. "The fate of carbon and nitrogen from an organic effluent irrigated onto soil : process studies, model development and testing." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1959.
Повний текст джерелаKemzūra, Paulius. "Žemės dirbimo įtaka dirvožemio organinės anglies ir mikroorganizmų biomasės sankaupoms." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140616_130929-96499.
Повний текст джерелаThe master work presents the results on soil organic carbon, humus, C/N ration, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration in soil with different soil tillage systems in two soil depths (0-10; 10-20 cm). Results were obtained in 2009 and 2013 and presented. Object of the research – The Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisol, where in 2009 and 2013 pea crops (Pisum sativum L.) have been growing. Soil tillage impact on soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon pools has been investigated. Method of the research – experiments was installed in four replications. Research area – 126 m2, research plot – 84 m2. Variants in blocks were rendomized. Soil respiration and microbial biomass pools were investigated in 2009 and 2013 in June in pea crops. Experiment variants were as followed: conventional tillage, reduced tillage, no tillage and ecological soil management with conventional tillage. Research results. Different soil tillage systems and ecological soil management system with conventional tillage had impact on soil organic carbon, humus, C/N ration, soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon pools. The highest org. C, humus, microbial biomass carbon concentrations and soil respiration intensity have been found in ecological soil management system. The fertilization with siderate crop may effect it mainly. The lower soil tillage intensity influenced the increase in org. C, humus concentration in 0-10 cm soil depth. In other hand, also along with lower tillage intensity... [to full text]
Scheuner, Thomas. "Auswirkungen atmogener Stickstoffeinträge auf die Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffdynamik unterschiedlich stark stickstoffbelasteter Waldböden." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1088587281875-60202.
Повний текст джерелаDeon, Diana Signor. "Mudança de uso da terra e impacto na matéria orgânica do solo em dois locais no Leste da Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-03072013-084639/.
Повний текст джерелаLand use changes affect organic matter dynamics and the accumulation of C and N in the soil and are associated with greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Amazon region is relevant to Brazilian GHG emissions from land use changes. The aim of this study was to determine quantitative and qualitative changes in C and N stocks in the soil due to land use changes in Santarém (PA) and São Luís (MA). Soil samples were collected under different land uses: native vegetation, secondary vegetation, degraded pasture, improved pasture and annual agriculture. Additionally, we evaluated burnt forest areas in Santarém (PA) and fruit-growing and horticulture in São Luís MA. There were differences between the soils of native vegetation in both sites, despite the C and N stocks were similar. In Santarém, phosphorus and soil particle size were related to C and N stocks. In São Luís potential acidity was used to estimate C stock; soil particle size and total cation exchange capacity estimated N stock. C and N stocks in secondary vegetation were similar to those of native vegetation in both sites and related with the soil potential acidity. In Santarém C stock (0-30 cm) in improved pasture was greater than in native vegetation. In São Luís, C soil stock was similar to that of native vegetation. N stocks had similar behavior to C stocks. In improved pasture of Santarém sum of bases was important to estimate the C and N stocks; in São Luís there was negative effect of soil density. C and N stocks in degraded pastures were similar to native vegetation, but were influenced by different parameters. Annual agricultural areas had C stocks below those of improved pastures and native vegetation and its maintenance is related to the reduction of soil potential acidity and to the increase of soil exchangeable bases. Quality of soil organic matter was evaluated in samples of São Luís. Land use changes reduced the content of C in organic fraction (75-200 ?m), while more conservationists uses have increased the C in stable shapes (< 53 ?m). Secondary vegetation and improved pasture presented carbon management index similar to native vegetation. Conversion of native forest to agriculture or pasture reduced the C microbial biomass, but systems with large organic material input and with reduced tillage presented microbial C content similar to native vegetation. Pasture and agriculture also presented the smallest ratios of microbial biomass C to total organic C, indicating stress of microbial biomass.
Silva, Lauris Del Carmen Mejia da. "Reutilização de meios do cultivo de Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis tratados com carvão ativado em pó e diferentes agentes coagulantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-18122014-152224/.
Повний текст джерелаThe cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, one of the most studied and cultivated photosynthetic microorganisms and, currently has been used for biomass production of biomass, with high contents of protein, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments, with potential use as a dietary supplement for human food supplement and animal feed. However, the cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms have a very high water demand. Thus, is important to carry out studies evaluating the possibility of reuse of Arthrospira culture medium, which, in addition to reducing the costs of nutrients, include the environmental aspect, preventing soil salinization and eutrophication of water bodies. This work has evaluated the reuse of effluent medium from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis cultivation treated with powdered activated carbon and different coagulants. The effluent, obtained from A. platensis batch cultivation in bench-scale open ponds, using sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source. The effluent went through physico-chemical treatments employing different concentrations of powdered activated carbon (30, 40, and 50 mg.L-1) and ferric chloride (6, 10, and 14 mg.L-1) or ferric sulphate (15, 25, and 35 mg.L-1) for them to be reused in cultured microorganism. The reuse through the cultivation of A. platensis showed acceptable results, observing that the growth of this cyanobacterium was satisfactory, obtaining maximum cell concentration (Xm) obtained 1093 mg.L-1 in Erlenmeyer flask, corresponding to the assay medium treated with 30 mg.L-1 of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and 6 mg.L-1 ferric chloride. The results of cell growth were the same order of magnitude as the results of Xm obtained with new culture medium and larger than those from growth in media treated with ferric sulfate as a coagulant agent, whose maximum values of cell concentration did not exceed 806 mg.L-1. The cultures in media from treatment with ferric chloride did not alter the composition of the biomass, reaching values of protein content of around 47%. It is concluded that the reuse of cultures medium may be feasible to produce biomass of A. platensis, reducing the production cost by recycling of nutrients.
Junior, Lauro Rodrigues Nogueira. "Caracterização de solos degradados pela atividade agrícola e alterações biológicas após reflorestamentos com diferentes associações de espécies da Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11142/tde-10082009-162256/.
Повний текст джерелаThis study seeks to: a) characterize the degree of physical and chemical degradation of the soils used in agricultural cultivation for several decades, originally covered by the Atlantic Forest (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest) in Botucatu, SP; b) evaluate the biological changes of these soils along a 16-month post-reforestation with different models of species association of the Atlantic Forest. The experimental areas were located in two properties (Fazenda Lageado and Edgardia) of the Agronomic Sciences College (FCA/UNESP) in Botucatu-SP. The climate in that region is the tropical type with dry winter (Cwa, Köppen class.). The soils of the experimental areas are: clayey Red Nitosol (NV), loamy alic Red-Yellow Argisol (AVA), and sandy alic Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA). Six treatments (randomized block design with three replications) were used: Test; Direct Seeding; Taungya; Consortium; Restoration and finally Forestal Fragments. The physical attributes (texture, density and porosity) were evaluated in layers of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm; the chemical attributes (pH, MO, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, H, Al, CTC, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in layers of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm and the biological attributes (Microbial biomass C, CO2 release and N mineralization) in layers of 0-5 and 5-20cm. The clay content in the degraded soil in NV was 57% higher than that obtained in soil under Forest Fragment (0-10cm layer), 33% higher in AVA, and 77% lower in LVA. This effect in NV and AVA was accredited to the removal of the soil top layers, which are sandier due to the erosion and exposition of the lower layers that are more clayey. In LVA the lowest clay and silt content in the degraded soil was accredited to the loss of these fractions by eluviation or flood suspension. The pH, MO, P and Ca contents in NV and LVA soils were much higher in Forestal iv Fragments regarding those reached in degraded soil areas. The less marking differences were observed in AVA and also detected for the textural composition, thus indicating that this soil is less degraded than the other ones. The CTC of the soils was highly correlated with the clay and MO contents. That highlights the importance of preserving the granulometric composition and elevation of the MO contents in order to restore important physical-chemical soil properties, such as the CTC. In primary forest areas (NV, AVA and LVA Forestal Fragments), the microbial biomass C presents higher values at the top layer and in the summer, a fact accredited to more favorable conditions (MO, pH, moisture, temperature, etc) for the maintenance of the microbial life in the soil. The microbial biomass C and, in a lesser scale, the CO2 release were good indicators of the changes occurred after the reforestation with the different species associations. In the LVA, since the soil of this area is more degraded in relationship to NV and AVA, the high correlation and microbial C/organic C relationship indicate that the microbial biomass is an important reserve compartment of the soil organic C. As to the biological attributes, the differences between the Forestal Fragments and the remaining treatments still exist in the three areas and layers, and the return to the pre-existing attributes is likely to be gradual; moreover, the time of return should undergo influences of the pedoclimatic conditions of the area and of the association of the present species.
Conner, Lafe G. "Environmental and Adaptive Buffers that Mediate the Response of Subalpine Ecosystems to Environmental Change." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5913.
Повний текст джерелаLangenbruch, Christina. "Effects of nutrient cycling through litter of different broadleaved deciduous tree species on soil biochemical properties and the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in soil." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F1C2-F.
Повний текст джерелаCzycza, Rodrigo Vianei. "Quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo em sistemas de colheita com e sem queima da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-17032010-111859/.
Повний текст джерелаThere is a trend for expansion in the area cultivated with sugarcane, mainly due to the increase in global demand for biofuels. Due to economic and legal reasons unburned sugarcane harvesting system is increasing rapidly. However, little is known about the sugarcane trash effect on carbon dynamics and stability in soils. The increase in soil carbon content can promote benefits on agronomic, environmental and also on economic aspects. In this context, the objective of this study was to quantify and compare soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and to evaluate soil organic matter quality through the characterization of humic substances in areas cultivated with sugarcane under burned and unburned harvesting system. Chronosequences with 6 and 12 years under burned and unburned sugarcane and an adjacent area under native vegetation (used as reference) were evaluated. The areas were located at Sao Martinho Mill, in Pradopolis, Sao Paulo State. The soil is classified as clayey Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distroférico de textura muito argilosa). Unburned sugarcane soils presented higher carbon stocks in all evaluated layers compared to the burned areas. The increments of 1.77 and 0.25 Mg ha-1 year-1 on soil carbon and soil nitrogen, respectively, were observed between the 6 and 12 years under unburned sugarcane in the 0-30 cm layer. No significant differences were observed for soil chemical attributes neither for the spectroscopic (fluorescence) analyses due to the harvesting system. Spectroscopic results showed no differences on humification degrees between areas with 12 years under sugarcane. The area with 19 years under unburned sugarcane showed higher humification degree for the 0- 10 and 10-20 cm layers in comparison with the other evaluated areas, not only for the humic acid but also for the fulvic acid. Fourier Transformed Infrared analyses on humic acids indicated higher concentrations of phenolic groups and carboxylic acids in the area under 19-year old unburned sugarcane and lower values in the native vegetation for the two evaluated soil layers. For the fulvic acids no differences were observed among the evaluated areas.
Böhm, Christian. "Dynamik des Stickstoffhaushaltes einer Sand-Braunerde nach vierjähriger Brache in Abhängigkeit von der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1127215398022-54219.
Повний текст джерелаCambou, Aurélie. "Evaluation du stock et de la stabilité du carbone organique dans les sols urbains." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARD086/document.
Повний текст джерелаSoils are the largest terrestrial pool oforganic carbon and thus play a key role in mitigatingclimate change. The urban soils account for 3% of theworld’s territory and urbanization is currently theprimary cause of land use change. The increase ofartificial areas have led to a growing interest in theurban soil ability to store organic carbon. This workaimed to understand the contribution of urban soils tothe global organic carbon stock and to propose astandardized method for its monitoring. The researchalso focused on studying the stability of organic carbonin urban soils and modeling its dynamics. A databasewas built using data available at the French territorylevel as well as using additional measurements acquired in three French cities.The organic carbon stock in urban open soils aresimilar between cities, and equivalent, or even higherin depth, than that of surrounding forest soils. Thestock in open soils is particularly dependent upon themanagement methods of the urban green spaces,and on the specific site history. Thus, open urban soilsare characterized by a high proportion of labileorganic matter at 0-44 cm depth. Conversely, sealedsoils have very low carbon stocks. They arecharacterized by a high proportion of stable organicmatter whose evolution (storage or mineralization)depends on the dormant state of the microbialcommunities. A conceptual model of carbon dynamicsfor these two soil types has been developed. Finally,recommendations for optimizing carbon monitoringand urban soil management have been proposed
Durigan, Mariana Regina. "Mudanças nos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio do solo em função da conversão do uso da terra no Pará." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-03062013-093119/.
Повний текст джерелаThe land use change in the Brazilian Amazon has been identified as the main source of CO2 to the atmosphere due to emissions of soil carbon and nitrogenl. The management practice adopted can strongly influence the soil C and N stocks and may works like a sink or source of C and N to the atmosphere. Furthermore, can be changed: the soil fertility and bulk density as well as the SOM fractions and C source of the SOM. With the objective of evaluate the impact of the land use change in eastern Amazonia soil samples were collected in the main land uses in Santarém region, Para State of Brazil, at three depths: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Through the samples was performed the physicochemical characterization of the areas and were determined the soil C and N contents as well the isotopes ? 13C and ? 15N in order to quantify the soil C and N stocks and understand the SOM dynamics and evaluate the SOM origin. For a subset of samples were performed the physical fractionation of SOM and the determination of microbial biomass C to understand how the land use change may interfere in these fractions. Added to these determinations were estimated the emission factors based on the methodology described by the IPCC. Through the physicochemical characterization study areas can be characterized as a clayey loamy soils. The highest values of pH, macronutrients, CEC , sum of bases and base saturation were observed in croplands (CP), suggesting that the use of practices such as fertilization and liming are able to change the soil fertility patterns in the Amazon, increasing their fertility. For C and N stocks can be said that the land use change in the study area is contributing to the loss of soil C and N, especially when the conversion is done for croplands (CP) and grasslands (GS) areas and the value observed for soil C stocks in the 0-30 cm layer in these areas were 49.21 Mg C ha-1 (GS) and 48.60 Mg C ha-1 (CP). The highest ? 13C value was found in GS, -25.08 ?, suggesting that for these areas is occurring an isotope dilution and that part of the soil C is still remaining from forest. The SOM fractions showed changes in the amount of C and in the proportion of light and occluded fractions, especially in the uses CP and GS. The labile SOM fractions (microbial biomass) also showed a large difference between the UF and CP uses (526.21 and 296.78 mg g-1 of dry soil), indicating that CP affects the soil C and N stocks and also the SOM fractions. The emission factors calculated confirm all results observed for the conversion of UF for CP, and for this use the emission factor was 0.93 ± 0.033, and then this was the use that emitted more C. Based on the results we conclude that the introduction of croplands in Santarem region is the main cause of soil C and N loss and consequently contributes more to the greenhouse gases emission.
Jiang, Jian. "Impact of Roundup and Clearfield herbicides on soil nutrients, and the biomass, activity and diversity of soil microorganisms." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/114124.
Повний текст джерелаRoundup and Clearfield are herbicides that have been widely used globally and their use is expected to increase in the coming years. However, these herbicides may affect soil microbes that are important for soil health because of their roles in cycling carbon and soil nutrients. There have been no studies to explore the effect of Clearfield on microorganisms. In this study, the effect of Roundup and Clearfield GM resistant herbicides on microorganisms was investigated. The experiments were designed to measure soil nutrients (available phosphorus and nitrogen), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial activity (respiration and enzymes) in the soil every 7 days over a 28 day period. Soil microbial diversity was also measured at 28 days using an amplicon sequencing based approach. The results revealed no positive or negative effects of either herbicide at their recommended and five times recommended rates. This study was conducted on soil samples in the lab, but a larger scale studies on the agronomic effects of the two herbicides on microbes in field environments are recommended.
Thesis (M.Bio.(PB)) -- University of Adelaide, Masters of Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016.
Elmajdoub, Bannur Mohamed Ahmed. "Microbial activity and biomass in saline soils as affected by carbon availability." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/86830.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2014
Wong, Vanessa. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49369.
Повний текст джерела"Soil Microbial Responses to Different Precipitation Regimes Across a Southwestern United States Elevation Gradient." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.55561.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2019
Braman, Sarah. "Soil health after 19 years under organic and conventional agriculture and restored prairie grassland." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/8918.
Повний текст джерелаButterly, Clayton Robert. "Drying/rewetting cycles in southern Australian agricultural soils: effects on turnover of soil phosphorus, carbon and the microbial biomass." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/48167.
Повний текст джерелаhttp://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1321018
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008
Frederick, Kurt R. "Productivity and carbon accumulation potential of transferred biofilms in reclaimed oil sands-affected wetlands." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1667.
Повний текст джерелаLand Reclamation and Remediation
Vicena, Jakub. "Vliv diversity mikrobiálního společenstva na dekomposici organické hmoty." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344019.
Повний текст джерелаLemanski, Kathleen. "Structure of and carbon flux through soil food webs of temperate grassland as affected by land use management." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-992E-7.
Повний текст джерелаSTAŇKOVÁ, Pavla. "The effect of forest management and plant dominant on nitrogen transformation in soils of acidified mountain spruce forests in the Bohemian Forest National Park." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166251.
Повний текст джерелаBagherzadeh, Chaharjouee Ali. "Mechanisms of Carbon and Nitrogen transformations in Forest floors of Beech-, Spruce- and Mixed Beech-Spruce Stands." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B108-0.
Повний текст джерелаJohn, Bettina Maria. "Kohlenstoffumsatz in aggregierten Böden bestimmt mit Hilfe der natürlichen 13C Abundanz." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AB54-F.
Повний текст джерелаHorváth, Balázs. "Auswirkungen von Ökosystemmanipulationen auf Vorratsänderung und Freisetzung von C- und N- Verbindungen." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B0ED-3.
Повний текст джерела