Готові списки джерел за темами / Microbial association

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Microbial association"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Microbial association"

1

Lo, Chieh, and Radu Marculescu. "MPLasso: Inferring microbial association networks using prior microbial knowledge." PLOS Computational Biology 13, no. 12 (December 27, 2017): e1005915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005915.

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2

Soja, Constance M., and Robert Riding. "Silurian microbial associations from the Alexander terrane, Alaska." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 5 (September 1993): 728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037021.

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Silurian calcareous algae, cyanobacteria, and microproblematica are abundantly preserved in the Alexander terrane of southeastern Alaska. They represent a diverse population of calcified microbes that contributed to the formation of a variety of shallow- and deep-water carbonate deposits. Five associations are recognized on the basis of recurring groups of microbial taxa. These include a Girvanella-Tuxekanella association that formed oncoids and thick encrustations on skeletal grains in shelf environments. A Renalcis association predominated in a stromatoporoid-coral reef that developed at the incipient shelf margin on a crinoid-solenoporid shoal (“Solenopora” association). Other organic buildups are characterized by a Ludlovia association, which constructed skeletal stromatolite reefs, and by an Epiphyton-Sphaerina association that contributed to the formation of a stromatolitic mud mound. A mixed microbial assemblage reflects transport and mixing of shallow-water microbial biotas that were deposited by turbidity currents, debris flows, and slumps in a slope environment.
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3

Wang, Yiqing, Huijun Wang, Annie Green Howard, Katie A. Meyer, Matthew C. B. Tsilimigras, Christy L. Avery, Wei Sha, et al. "Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated with Adiposity Measures in Chinese Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072127.

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Epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between obesity and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, while animal models suggest increased energy harvest through colonic SCFA production in obesity. However, there is a lack of human population-based studies with dietary intake data, plasma SCFAs, gut microbial, and anthropometric data. In 490 Chinese adults aged 30–68 years, we examined the associations between key plasma SCFAs (butyrate/isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate measured by non-targeted plasma metabolomics) with body mass index (BMI) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression. We then assessed whether overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) modified the association between dietary-precursors of SCFAs (insoluble fiber, total carbohydrates, and high-fiber foods) with plasma SCFAs. In a sub-sample (n = 209) with gut metagenome data, we examined the association between gut microbial SCFA-producers with BMI. We found positive associations between butyrate/isobutyrate and BMI (p-value < 0.05). The associations between insoluble fiber and butyrate/isobutyrate differed by overweight (p-value < 0.10). There was no statistical evidence for an association between microbial SCFA-producers and BMI. In sum, plasma SCFAs were positively associated with BMI and that the colonic fermentation of fiber may differ for adults with versus without overweight.
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4

Ai, Dongmei, Xiaoxin Li, Gang Liu, Xiaoyi Liang, and Li Xia. "Constructing the Microbial Association Network from Large-Scale Time Series Data Using Granger Causality." Genes 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10030216.

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The increasing availability of large-scale time series data allows the inference of microbial community dynamics by association network analysis. However, correlation-based association network analyses are noninformative of causal, mediating and time-dependent relationships between microbial community functional factors. To address this insufficiency, we introduced the Granger causality model to the analysis of a recent marine microbial time series dataset. We systematically constructed a directed acyclic network, representing both internal and external causal relationships among the microbial and environmental factors. We further optimized the network by removing false causal associations using the conditional Granger causality. The final network was visualized as a Granger graph, which was analyzed to identify causal relationships driven by key functional operators in the environment, such as Gammaproteobacteria, which was Granger caused by total organic nitrogen and primary production (p < 0.05 and Q < 0.05).
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5

Hernández, M. A. González, E. E. Canfora, and E. E. Blaak. "Faecal microbial metabolites of proteolytic and saccharolytic fermentation in relation to degree of insulin resistance in adult individuals." Beneficial Microbes 12, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2020.0179.

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The gut microbiota may affect host metabolic health through microbial metabolites. The balance between the production of microbial metabolites by saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation may be an important determinant of metabolic health. Amongst the best-studied saccharolytic microbial metabolites are the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, human data on the role of other microbial fermentation by-products in metabolic health are greatly lacking. Therefore, we compared in a cross-sectional study the faecal microbial metabolites (caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) (isobutyrate, isovalerate)) between insulin sensitive (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR<1.85, IS) and insulin resistant (HOMA-IR>1.85, IR) individuals. Additionally, we assessed the relationships between faecal metabolites and markers of metabolic health including fasting glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting substrate oxidation in 86 individuals with a wide range of body mass index. Faecal metabolite concentrations did not significantly differ between IS and IR. Furthermore, there were no associations between microbial metabolites and metabolic health markers, except for a slight positive association of isovalerate with carbohydrate oxidation (E%, std β 0.194, P=0.011) and fat oxidation (E%, std β -0.075, P=0.047), also after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In summary, faecal caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and BCFA (isobutyrate, isovalerate) were not different between IR and IS individuals, nor was there any association between these faecal metabolites and parameters of metabolic health. Further human intervention studies are warranted to investigate the role of these microbially-derived fermentation products and their kinetics in metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.
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6

Lee, Victoria. "Microbial Transformations." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 48, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 441–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2018.48.4.441.

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The domestication of penicillin production in Japan was a priority for the Allied occupation government (1945–1952) immediately after World War II, since manufacturing the drug using raw materials available locally would lower the cost of the occupation. In place of employing the analytical concept of technology transfer, this article explores processes of domestication (kokusanka) using the records of the Japan Penicillin Research Association (Nihon penishirin gakujutsu kyōgikai), an interdisciplinary academic association set up to mediate between government policy and industrial manufacturers, and which directed research in the critical early years of penicillin production. I argue that an examination of the occupation period is especially revealing of the contribution of indigenous knowledge from the World War II and prewar periods to the development of microbiology during Japan’s “economic miracle” (1950s to early 1970s), and I highlight the intellectual dimensions that were specific to Japanese science by comparison with other national cases of penicillin domestication. Beyond the transfer of submerged culture fermentation technology for antibiotic mass production, a distinctive engagement with agricultural chemistry’s longstanding perception of microbes—as alchemists of the environment, with the ability to transform resource scarcity into productive abundance—organized the knowledge by which penicillin scientists made the domestic environment work, and deeply shaped antibiotic research in the subsequent decades in Japan.
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7

Kolchyk, O. V., Т. R. Levytskyi, A. І. Buzun, E. Çelik, D. M. Hrynchenko, І. V. Korovin, and Yu V. Orda. "Microbial biofilms and microbial contamination of feed for livestock animals: Challenges and ways to overcome them." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 7, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2021-7-4-6.

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The article describes the problem of microbial contamination of feed in animal husbandry and the microflora that causes mastitis in lactating cows. The microbial contamination of 52 commercial batches of fodder from 5 farms of 3 regions of Ukraine (barley, corn silage, oat haylage, alfalfa hay, sunflower meal) has been determined. Pasteurella multocida in association with Neisseria lactamica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 61.5% of barley, 66.7% of corn silage, 60.0% of alfalfa hay, and 50.0% of sunflower meal. 262 samples of milk from cows with mastitis have been studied. Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus niger were most often isolated in association with Mycoplasma bovis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, Neisseria sicca, Clostridium perfringens. High film-forming activity of microorganisms in feed was determined, by optical density: Pasteurella multocida + Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia D620 = 3.76 and Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Neisseria lactamica D620 = 3.62. While from the milk of cows with mastitis we isolated associations of microorganisms that were strong producers of biofilms by the optical densities D620 = 4.02 and 4.23
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8

Liu, Fei, Shao-Wu Zhang, Ze-Gang Wei, Wei Chen, and Chen Zhou. "Mining Seasonal Marine Microbial Pattern with Greedy Heuristic Clustering and Symmetrical Nonnegative Matrix Factorization." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/189590.

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With the development of high-throughput and low-cost sequencing technology, a large number of marine microbial sequences were generated. The association patterns between marine microbial species and environment factors are hidden in these large amount sequences. Mining these association patterns is beneficial to exploit the marine resources. However, very few marine microbial association patterns are well investigated in this field. The present study reports the development of a novel method called HC-sNMF to detect the marine microbial association patterns. The results show that the four seasonal marine microbial association networks have characters of complex networks, the same environmental factor influences different species in the four seasons, and the correlative relationships are stronger between OTUs (taxa) than with environmental factors in the four seasons detecting community.
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9

Orlova, Ekaterina, Tom Dudding, Jonathan M. Chernus, Rasha N. Alotaibi, Simon Haworth, Richard J. Crout, Myoung Keun Lee, et al. "Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies and Transcriptome-Wide Association Study." Genes 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010059.

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Although genetics affects early childhood caries (ECC) risk, few studies have focused on finding its specific genetic determinants. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in five cohorts of children (aged up to 5 years, total N = 2974, cohorts: Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia cohorts one and two [COHRA1, COHRA2], Iowa Fluoride Study, Iowa Head Start, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC]) aiming to identify genes with potential roles in ECC biology. We meta-analyzed the GWASs testing ~3.9 million genetic variants and found suggestive evidence for association at genetic regions previously associated with caries in primary and permanent dentition, including the β-defensin anti-microbial proteins. We then integrated the meta-analysis results with gene expression data in a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). This approach identified four genes whose genetically predicted expression was associated with ECC (p-values < 3.09 × 10−6; CDH17, TAS2R43, SMIM10L1, TAS2R14). Some of the strongest associations were with genes encoding members of the bitter taste receptor family (TAS2R); other members of this family have previously been associated with caries. Of note, we identified the receptor encoded by TAS2R14, which stimulates innate immunity and anti-microbial defense in response to molecules released by the cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide insight into ECC genetic architecture, underscore the importance of host-microbial interaction in caries risk, and identify novel risk genes.
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10

Saikia, Surjya, Sudarshana Nandi, and Sandip Majumder. "‘Synbiofilm’- A Friendly Microbial Association in Aquatic Ecosystem." Annual Research & Review in Biology 5, no. 2 (January 10, 2015): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2015/10368.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Microbial association"

1

Coutts, David A. P. "Terminal anaerobic interactions in a microbial association isolated from landfill." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21471.

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A multi-stage (5-vessel) chemostat was used to enrich and isolate from landfill a microbial association capable of dissimilating hexanoic acid (5 mM) under anoxic conditions. Two possible catabolic mechanisms existed : (i) that hexanoate was mineralised completely to carbon dioxide, although this has only been reported in sulphate-reducing bacteria (Widdel, Kohring & Mayer, 1983); and (ii) that a syntrophic association was involved in which the hydrogen produced, during hexanoate catabolism to acetate, was removed by a hydrogen-oxidising species such as a methanogen or sulphate-reducing bacterium. The multi-stage chemostat was primarily used to facilitate spatial separation of the component species of the microbial association. Examination of the formation and subsequent utilisation of metabolites, however, indicated that no such separations were attained. Sulphate concentration increases from 1,4 to 5 mM and from 5 mM to 10 mM did, eventually, result in a partial shift in the metabolic activity of the methanogens from the first vessel to the second at the final concentration. The results indicated that at least four groups of bacteria were present in the association :a hydrogen-producing acetogen, a hydrogen-utilising sulphate reducer, a hydrogen-oxidising homoacetogen and an aceticlastic methanogen. It was thus apparent that a syntrophic association was present in which in the presence of sulphate a sulphate-reducing bacterium was the dominant hydrogen utiliser whereas in the absence of this electron acceptor an association between a homo-acetogen and a methanogen dominated. Acetate was metabolised exclusively by the methanogen both in the presence and absence of sulphate. To assess the effect of a non constant dilution rate regime on the microbial association a 3-stage chemostat was constructed in which the volume was increased from an initial 310 ml in the first vessel to 700 ml in the second and finally to 1600 ml in the third. The imposed dilution rate of 0.05 h-1 in the first vessel, together with an influent sulphate concentration of 1.4 mM, resulted in the displacement of the methanogenic population. Although maximum sulphate reduction remained in the first vessel complete dissimilation of hexanoic acid was only effected in the presence of the whole association. To investigate the metabolic processes of the microbial association closed culture studies were made in which it was found that maximum rates of hexanoate degradation, by Y-oxidation, required the intervention of sulphate reduction. Since the overall pattern of metabolism remained unchanged it was apparent that the sulphate-reducing bacteria outcompeted both the methanogens and acetogens for hydrogen. The methanogenic component of the association was found to catabolise acetate to methane via an aceticlastic reaction although this mechanism was inhibited in the presence of hydrogen supplementation. Thus it was apparent that hydrogen removal to facilitate not only catabolism of hexanoate but also the subsequent dissimilation of the metabolic intermediate, acetate, was an essential requirements.
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2

Khan, Intisar Chowdhury. "Spreads microbiology in association with product matrix, structure and chemistry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28996/.

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The overall aim of this study was to eliminate the root cause of the ‘cheese flavour’ in spread caused by four key microbes Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, yeasts and moulds. The major sources of these bacteria were in the product ingredients mainly sweet cream buttermilk and skimmed milk along with environmental aerosols. The causative organisms were present in about 63% of the products and mainly ‘feed’ on the oil element of the recipe, containing high level C12 that generates the distinctive cheese flavour when broken down by bacteria. The key hurdle factor in spread preventing microbial growth is water droplet size. The spread showing cheese off flavour had a droplet size distribution of 95% <10 micron. To achieve finer droplet size distribution, trial products were made in the Scrape Surface Heat Exchanger (SSHE) over the current churning method with a distribution of droplet size 98% <5 micron. The trial product showed a 50% reduction in the generation of the ‘cheese flavour’ methyl ketones. The Staphylococcus spp cross contamination source where from personnel with direct food contact processing area. Further education on personal hygiene helped to reduce the level of Staphylococcus spp contamination in the product. The trial product from the SSHE was further challenge tested with Listeria monocytogenes over a 10 week shelf life period to evaluate product robustness against microbial growth and spoilage. The organism did not show any growth over the period of time. The liquid phase of the emulsion was further modified with various salts at different concentrations and challenged with L. monocytogenes isolated from various parts of the dairy environment. It was observed that a pH range of 5.5 or lower with added 0.063% potassium sorbate showed significant antibacterial affect compared to the nutrient enriched MPC-broth and the unsalted liquid phase of the emulsion with no added potassium sorbate. To understand L. monocytogenes survival within a dairy process, the organism was further challenged by exposure to pasteurisation heat treatments and the standard CIP cycle of acid and caustic treatment. No recovery rate of the organism was observed. Therefore it could be concluded that the contamination within the industry is more likely to be post process or environmental contamination rather than survival through the plant itself as per RASFF alert of Listeria spp outbreak in dairy. Therefore, reducing the available water in the liquid phase of the spread and achieving a <5 μm droplet size and a finer distribution within the product will be limiting factors to microbial growth. An air purifier system BAXX has reduced the level of environmental contaminants, especially yeast and mould.
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3

Hausdorf, Lena [Verfasser], and Dietrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Knorr. "Microbial communities and pathogens in association with vegetable-processing / Lena Hausdorf. Betreuer: Dietrich Knorr." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023762161/34.

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4

Sathiananthamoorthy, Sanchutha. "Characterisation of the urinary microbial community and its association with lower urinary tract symptoms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10045597/.

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Lower urinary tract symptoms affect 2.3 billion individuals worldwide and pose a substantial burden on the quality of life. An important step in a LUTS investigation is the exclusion of a urinary tract infection with the help of nationally recommended urine tests. These tests include the routine midstream urine culture, which is regarded as the UK’s gold standard for detecting infection. Microbial confirmation of UTI stems from criteria that were originally proposed in the 1950s, following a study that examined patients with acute pyelonephritis. Whilst the clinical diagnosis of UTI is considered to be straightforward in patients that describe hallmark symptoms, notably acute frequency and dysuria, the presentation of less well-recognised LUTS may not be as straightforward to diagnose and treat. This thesis consists of original work from three specific studies. Firstly, a retrospective observational study was conducted to compare the clinical characteristics of patients describing LUTS with a suspected UTI, on the basis of their routine MSU culture findings. This study revealed the striking clinical similarities between patients with a culture result of doubtful significance that consists of multiple organisms and patients with a positive culture that represents significant bacteriuria. Secondly, an evaluation of the UK’s MSU culture was performed by comparing the microbial yield achieved with three different culture techniques. Additionally, the urinary bacterial community, represented by the cultured spun urinary cell sediment was characterised in three different cohorts. These were (i) first-visit symptomatic patients suspected to have a UTI, (ii) chronic patients with recurrent or unresolved LUTS from a previous symptomatic episode and (iii) asymptomatic individuals. Species-level microbial identification was achieved with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The criteria used to determine significant bacteriuria and the technique employed to perform the MSU culture were identified as factors with the potential to limit the microbiological detection of UTI. Finally, following the disproved assumption of the healthy urinary tract as a sterile environment, molecular characterisation of LUTS patient and asymptomatic control urinary tract bacterial communities was achieved using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The core bacterial taxa shared by both patient and healthy communities were determined, with Enterobacteriaceae identified as the most abundant bacterial group in patients and Streptococcus noted as the most abundant taxa in controls. Analysing unspun urine combined with concentrated urinary cell sediment significantly discriminated between the species richness of both communities. The presented original work establishes the potential significance of mixed growth urine cultures, prompting the question of their dismissal without further investigation. In addition to identifying the limitations of the UK’s MSU culture, the complex bacterial communities of asymptomatic and LUTS patients have been characterised mostly at the genus level and established as a foundation for subsequent functional characterisation to help elucidate the mechanisms involved in LUTS and UTI development.
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5

Le, Nhung Xuan Hong. "ASSOCIATION OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION WITH MICROBIAL DYNAMICS AND ABERRANT ESTROGEN METABOLISM IN REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1918.

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Chronic inflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of obstetrical disorders (e.g. preterm birth [PTB]) and gynecological diseases (e.g. endometriosis); however, the exact mechanism(s) for these conditions are unknown. Numerous immunological conditions and disease states (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematomus) also disrupt the microbiome homeostasis by inducing a number of changes in the microbial flora when compared to that of healthy individuals. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome is one of the principal regulators of circulating estrogens which are known to directly impact the female reproductive disorders endometriosis and PTB. Thus, an alteration of microbial species could indicate a shift in immune balance from homeostatic to pro-inflammatory, and an aberrant estrogen metabolism that precipitates the development of disease stages in endometriosis and/or PTB. The Braundmeier-Fleming lab has developed a systems biology model that investigates the interactions between the immune system, microbial dynamics (in the GI and reproductive system) and estrogen metabolism, in women, as a potential diagnostic tool for endometriosis and PTB. This dissertation, therefore, examined how inflammation triggered by female reproductive disorders (endometriosis or PTB) alter the systemic and localization immune responses, the microbial communities in the urogenital (UG), peritoneal and GI mucosal epithelium, as well as levels of excreted conjugated estrogen. The first specific hypothesis is that inflammation associated with endometriosis alters microbial dynamics and functions that are distinct from those of non-diseased patients. Preliminary data indicated that reproductive tract microbial communities from patients with endometriosis are unique when compared to non-disease patients. Therefore, the central aims of this study are to identify the immune and microbial profiles of patients diagnosed with endometriosis and determine if an alteration of these profiles impact estrogen signaling, thus driving disease pathogenesis. Additionally, I hypothesized that surgery or hormonal therapy will temporarily restore the microbiome and estrogen levels of patients with endometriosis. Differences in systemic (blood) regulatory T cell (Treg) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cell populations (tolerant and inflammatory, respectively) were measured by flow cytometry, and the immune mediators was measured by serum cytokine levels via 10-plex-ELISA kits. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify resident Th17/Treg immune cell distribution within the endometrium and ectopic endometriotic lesions, and RORγt+/FOXP3+ transcripts within these same tissues were analyzed by real-time-qPCR. We implemented high-throughput non genomic sequencing targeting bacterial-V4 16S rRNA and robust bioinformatics analyses to characterize microbial composition/diversity within the GI (fecal swab), vaginal (vaginal swab), and UG (urine) cavities. Alterations in estrogen metabolism, parent estrogens and metabolites, in urine were analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Patients with endometriosis exhibit 1) systemic and localized inflammation within ectopic and endometrial tissues, 2) altered GI/UG microbial dynamics, 3) aberrant levels of endogenous estrogen and estrogen metabolites, 4) dampened inflammation (caused by disease) due to hormonal therapy, 5) altered bacteria populations in the gut and vaginal canal of patients with endometriosis due to hormonal therapy treatment, and 6) increased post-surgical variability in microbial community dynamics. The second specific aims examined the hypothesis that induction of endometriosis in baboons (P. Anubis) results in chronic systemic and tissue specific inflammation through regulation of Th17 and Treg populations. Further, the induction of endometriosis altered GI/UG/peritoneal cavity microbial communities that are distinct from non-diseased animals. Utilizing a non-human primate animal model of induced endometriosis allowed us to characterize factors involved at the early onset of endometriosis and throughout the disease progression. We collected samples from 8 baboons at pre-inoculation (no evidence of disease) and at 3, 6, 9, and 15 months post-induction of the disease. We found that the induction of endometriosis decreased peripheral Tregs cells while Th17 cells increased at all post-induction collections with reduced ratio of total Tregs to Th17 cells indicating systemic inflammation. Microbial community diversities as well as abundances at each sample site (GI, UG [vagina, urine] tracts and peritoneal cavity) were also altered at post-induction. These results therefore suggest that induction of endometriosis in non-human primates caused an inflammatory shift. Disease induction also resulted in altered vaginal, urinary and fecal microbial profiles, which may drive inflammation through the production of inflammatory mediators. The last specific aims studied the hypothesis that patients who deliver preterm have a systemic and placental inflammatory phenotype and abnormal estrogen levels during pregnancy that are distinct from those of patients with term delivery. Biological samples were collected at 8-12 weeks, 20-24 weeks, 32-36 weeks, at delivery and 6 weeks postpartum. Subjects with PTB showed signs of systemic inflammation with an elevation in Th17:Treg ratio, greater Th17 and lower levels of natural Tregs during the 2nd trimester, and lower inducible Tregs during the 3rd trimester and at delivery. Placental tissues from subjects with PTB also had an inflammatory immune phenotype (higher Th17) within the decidua basalis and maternal-fetal interface. Immunological shifts from tolerant to inflammatory were observed in both patient groups, but these shifts occurred early in gestation for subjects with PTB and at a later gestational age for subjects delivering at term. Levels of conjugated parent estrogens and estrogen metabolites were reduced in subjects with PTB, indicative of an abnormal production of estrogen. These analyses gave us a better understanding of the inflammatory cascade with estrogen metabolism associated with pregnancy, and how these effects are correlated with premature labor. The data from this study suggest that the levels of endogenous estrogen and estrogen metabolites of estrogen metabolism were abnormal in PTB and endometriosis disease models of inflammation compared to their respective controls. In the human and non-human primate model of endometriosis studies, we observed that both patients and baboons with endometriosis had systemic and resident inflammatory phenotypes and an alteration in mucosal microbial community dynamics compared to their respective controls. All together, our long-term goal is to identify factors from the microbiome and/or the immune system that would allow us to have early non-invasive diagnostics for endometriosis or to predict which mothers are most at risk to encounter PTB. Furthermore, it would allow us to determine whether the mucosal microbiome may be a good indicator of immune stress, and if alternative therapies can alter microbial community dynamics—thereby eliminating immune stress associated with female reproductive diseases. These findings may have a substantial impact on the obstetrical care and management of patients with endometriosis and women at risk for PTB, as well as provide evidence to support the development of novel therapeutics to treat these diseases.
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6

Phelps, Charlie. "Microbial diversity and function, and an exploration of bleaching in the Australian kelp Ecklonia Radiata." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2586.

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Анотація:
The kelp, Ecklonia radiata is the dominant, temperate macroalgae in the Great Southern Reef (GSR) of Australia. As a foundation species, the kelp provides a habitat for many marine organisms in the GSR benthic reef ecosystems. Macroalgae such as kelps host a dense biofilm, consisting of a compositionally and functionally diverse consortium of microbiota. The macroalgal host and its associated microbiome constitute a ‘holobiont’, where interactions can contribute towards the success and survival of both the microbial community and host. Despite the importance of E. radiata, and the tightknit relationship with its associated microbial community, describing and interpreting diversity and functionality of the microbial community is in its infancy. There is a need to further understand the dynamics of the microbial community composition and gene function, and how these vary over space and time. An understanding of natural variation is of critical importance when attempting to interpret the impact of environmental perturbations (for example, heat waves and eutrophication), which can cause shifts in microbial community composition in holobionts, and may result in dysbiosis, the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens, and eventually disease. Ecklonia radiata is documented to experience bleaching disease across its habitat range, however there are no comprehensive investigations as to the possible pathogens that are associated with E. radiata bleaching disease. Thus, the overarching aim of this thesis is to investigate the microbial diversity and function associated with E. radiata and the relationship with tissue bleaching on the kelp. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, Chapter 2 aimed to (1) examine the temporal and spatial variations in the bacterial community of bacterial microbiota on the kelp E. radiata, and (2) investigate the relationship between environmental drivers and the bacterial community on kelp. These analyses revealed that over large geographical distances (∼3,300 kms), kelp microbiomes differed significantly, however within regions the community structure was relatively stable. The environmental factors that were measured somewhat influenced the community structure. A persistent core microbial community was identified with the same members dominating across regions, potentially suggesting these individuals play essential roles in maintaining host health. As such, it is imperative to define the key functional roles in the E. radiata microbiome and establishing key processes that maintain kelp holobiont health. The E. radiata microbial gene function profile was then investigated through metagenome shotgun sequencing (Chapter 3). Here, I aimed to examine the functional repertoire of the bacterial community of the kelp and to identify what relationship, if any, there is between spatial (four sites in the NSW region) and temporal (seven bi-monthly time points, over a 17-month period) patterns in microbial function and associated environmental conditions. I identified several key functional pathways in the E. radiata microbiome, including pathways associated with defence response mechanisms, biogeochemical cycling and nutrient metabolism. Additionally, spatiotemporal differences in gene function composition were noted, and environmental drivers, in particular temperature, were found to influence the E. radiata microbial gene functional profile. These novel findings are fundamental in identifying the E. radiata holobiont functional processes and are critical in the understanding of the role microbes play in maintaining kelp health and the subsequent reef ecosystem. The baseline microbial community composition and functioning can be altered, this generally occurs with extreme weather conditions and or anthropological disturbances such as eutrophication. When this occurs, host associated microbial communities can shift to a depreciated state, impacting the host, potentially exacerbating opportunistic pathogens, and facilitating disease. For E. radiata some taxa have been identified to be abundant on bleached kelp compared to healthy, but their role as pathogens has not been investigated. Koch’s postulates are a series of tests that aim to establish a causative relationship between disease and pathogens and are performed through a series of inoculation studies. In marine systems, a similar series of tests have been done in a range of studies to understand the role of individual strains of bacteria in diseases of corals, sponges and macroalgae, however, the methods among studies vary slightly in the way that the inoculation treatments are performed and controlled. In Chapter 4 I aimed to explore 1) the extent of confounding effects from bacterial growth media in inoculation studies of diseases of marine benthic organisms through a literature review; 2) the effect of bacterial growth media and its components on bleaching disease. The review identified confounding factors in previous inoculation studies, based on whether the putative pathogen cells were pre-treated prior to inoculation e.g., centrifuged washed and/or filtered and if a sterile media control was incorporated in the experimental design. I found that nutrient growth media used in inoculation studies contributes to bleaching disease in E. radiata and caused a shift in the overall microbial community composition. Furthermore, the microbial community composition was substantially altered when kelps were held in aquaria, in comparison to undisturbed kelps collected from the reef. These results were summarised into a framework recommending approaches for interpretating previous inoculation studies and for future inoculation research. The recommendations for future inoculation studies include having pre-treatment methods and controls to reduce nutrient addition. It is also recommended that the microbial community composition is assessed via a method such as 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, to identify any shifts in the microbiome when moved from the reef into the aquaria. The range of knowledge obtained from this research has widened the understanding of kelp holobiont interactions and provided invaluable data and a tool that can advise and inform researchers and managers on changes in kelp health dynamics in projected climate change conditions in the future. Hence, the key findings identified in this thesis are an important contribution for kelp conservation and identify possible concepts for restoration efforts through understanding of the E. radiata holobiont.
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Hall, G. S. "A study of the microbial association with root senescence in winter wheat following various long-established crop rotations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355006.

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Hall, Kimberlee K., Brian G. Evanshen, Kurt J. Maier, and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Using Multivariate Statistics to Identify Patterns Association Land Use to Fecal Pollution Sources.Similar Creeks in Northeast Tennessee to Identify Patterns Associating Land Use to Fecal Pollution Sources." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2948.

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Mari, Alfredo [Verfasser], Gunther Gutachter] Doehlemann, and Eric [Gutachter] [Kemen. "The association between overlooked microbial eukaryotes and plant holobiont: functionality and diversity / Alfredo Mari ; Gutachter: Gunther Doehlemann, Eric Kemen." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168245842/34.

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Mari, Alfredo Verfasser], Gunther [Gutachter] Doehlemann, and Eric [Gutachter] [Kemen. "The association between overlooked microbial eukaryotes and plant holobiont: functionality and diversity / Alfredo Mari ; Gutachter: Gunther Doehlemann, Eric Kemen." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168245842/34.

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Книги з теми "Microbial association"

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Dakora, Felix D. Biological Nitrogen Fixation: Towards Poverty Alleviation through Sustainable Agriculture: Proceedings of the 15th International Nitrogen Fixation Congress and the 12th International Conference of the African Association for B. Dordrecht: Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 2008.

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Workshop, on Genetics of Bark Beetles and Associated Microorganisms (3rd 2006 Asheville N. C. ). Proceedings from the Third Workshop on Genetics of Bark Beetles and Associated Microorganisms: In association with IUFRO WP 7.03.05 - Integrated Control of Scolytid Bark Beetles. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Center, 2007.

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Chowdhury, A. On taxonomy and ecology of earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from uncultivated and waste disposal sites of West Bengal with some notes on their microbial association. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2011.

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Verma, D. P.S. 1944- and Brisson Normand 1955-, eds. Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Associations, Montréal, Québec, Canada, July 27-31, 1986. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1987.

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Chimphango, Samson B. M., Alex J. Valentine, Felix D. Dakora, William E. Newton, and Claudine Elmerich. Biological Nitrogen Fixation : Towards Poverty Alleviation Through Sustainable Agriculture: Proceedings of the 15th International Nitrogen Fixation Congress and the 12th International Conference of the African Association for Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Springer Netherlands, 2010.

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6

Sheppard, Charles R. C., Simon K. Davy, Graham M. Pilling, and Nicholas A. J. Graham. Microbial, microalgal and planktonic reef life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787341.003.0005.

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Анотація:
Microbes, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, protozoans and microalgae, are the most abundant and arguably the most important members of coral reef communities. They occur in the water column and sediment, and in association with other reef organisms. This chapter describes the abundance, diversity, function and productivity of microbes, with an emphasis on free-living types. They are key to recycling and retention of organic matter via the ‘microbial loop’, and are an important food source for larger reef organisms. The metazoan zooplankton are also described, including larvae of most reef invertebrates and fish. They are described in terms of their duration in the plankton, their settlement behaviour (e.g. that of coral larvae), their daily migration patterns and their role as a food source for larger organisms. Their importance for inter-reef connectivity is discussed.
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7

Studies of collembola from agricultural fields and waste disposal sites of West Bengal with speical reference to their microbial association. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2003.

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8

Anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and association with microbial communities in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Laboratory experiments and comparisons to field data. Baltimore, Md: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.

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9

Birch, Jonathan. Gene Mobility and the Concept of Relatedness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0006.

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Social behaviour is widespread in the microbial world, yet social evolution theory was mostly developed with multicellular animals in mind. One difference between multicellular organisms and microbes is the prevalence of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, in microbial populations. Plasmids are often implicated in the production of so-called public goods, and relatedness may be at the heart of this phenomenon. However, gene mobility introduces a temporal aspect to relatedness: because genotypes can change over the life cycle, two bacteria may share a gene at one time point, but not at some earlier or later time point. This chapter argues that the best concept of relatedness in this context is a diachronic concept that captures the association between actor genotypes at the moment of gene expression and recipient genotypes at the end of the life cycle.
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1927-, Vančura Vlastimil, and Kunc František 1935-, eds. Soil microbial associations: Control of structures and functions. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Microbial association"

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Schauer, K., and K. Stingl. "‘Guilty by Association’ – Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) in Bacterial Pathogens." In Microbial Pathogenomics, 48–61. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000235762.

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Singh, Ankur, and Aryadeep Roychoudhury. "Augmenting the Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants Through Microbial Association." In Microbial Metatranscriptomics Belowground, 179–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9758-9_9.

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Iqbal, Aneela, Muhammad Arshad, and Iftikhar Ahmed. "Plant-Microbe Association for Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Substrates." In Microbial Action on Hydrocarbons, 387–414. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1840-5_16.

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De Mandal, Surajit, Sonali, Simranjeet Singh, Kashif Hussain, and Touseef Hussain. "Plant–Microbe Association for Mutual Benefits for Plant Growth and Soil Health." In Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology, 95–121. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6949-4_5.

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Natesan, Sivakumar, Shyamkumar Rajaram, Devaprakash Manoharan, and Thirumalaivasan Ramachandran. "The Beneficial Plant Microbial Association for Sustainable Agriculture." In Microorganisms for Sustainability, 137–210. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5029-2_7.

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Watanabe, T. "Microbial Degradation of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes." In Association Between Lignin and Carbohydrates in Wood and Other Plant Tissues, 237–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05191-7_7.

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Negi, Harshita, Anju Rani, Samiksha Joshi, and Pradeep Kumar Sharma. "Biodiversity of Microbial Community: Association with Sustainable Hill Agroecosystems." In Microbiological Advancements for Higher Altitude Agro-Ecosystems & Sustainability, 163–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1902-4_9.

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Reisser, W. "Signals in the Paramecium Bursaria — Chlorella Sp. — Association." In Cell to Cell Signals in Plant, Animal and Microbial Symbiosis, 271–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73154-9_19.

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Panneerselvam, P., Asish K. Binodh, Upendra Kumar, T. Sugitha, and A. Anandan. "Microbial Association in Brown Rice and Their Influence on Human Health." In Brown Rice, 159–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59011-0_10.

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Bhute, Shrikant S., Saroj S. Ghaskadbi, and Yogesh S. Shouche. "Rare Biosphere in Human Gut: A Less Explored Component of Human Gut Microbiota and Its Association with Human Health." In Mining of Microbial Wealth and MetaGenomics, 133–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5708-3_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Microbial association"

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Perdek, Joyce M., and Michael Borst. "Particle Association Effects on Microbial Indicator Concentrations for CSO Disinfection." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)43.

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Luksiene, Zivile. "Chlorophyllin-based photosensitization for microbial control of fresh produce (Conference Presentation)." In 17th International Photodynamic Association World Congress, edited by Tayyaba Hasan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2525570.

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Rasmussen, Pil Uthaug, Katrine Uhrbrand, and Anne Mette Madsen. "The association between microbial exposure and indoor climate in Danish nursing homes." In 1st International Conference on Moisture in Buildings 2021. ScienceOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/icmb210053.

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Bontognali, Tomaso R. R., Zulfa Ali Al Disi, Judith A. Mckenzie, Christian J. Strohmenger, John M. Rivers, Maria Dittrich, Fadhil Sadooni, and Hamad Al Saad Al-Kuwari. "Microbial Mats from the Khor Al-Adaid Sabkha, Qatar: Morphotypes and Association with Authigenic Minerals." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2016.eepp2895.

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Budden, K., S. F. Rehman, S. Shukla, K. Bowerman, C. Donovan, H. Gomez, C. Alemao, et al. "Association between dietary fibre, microbial metabolites and airway obstruction in COPD patients and murine models." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.3289.

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Huang, Nancy, and Yen-Jen Oyang. "Microbial abundance patterns of host obesity inferred by the structural incorporation of association measures into interpretable classifiers." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2014.6999176.

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Martinez-Ramirez, Rachell M., Miguel M. Girod-Hoffman, Abiel Roche-Lima, Kelvin Carrasquillo-Carrión, Josué Pérez-Santiago, and Abel Baerga-Ortiz. "Abstract 2124: Hotspots of sequence variability in gut microbial metagenomic datasets and their association with colorectal cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2124.

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Tan, Shiang-Chiet, Kai-Yee Toh, Jia-Pei Ho, Chun-Wie Chong, Jeremy Fung-Yen Lim, and Jonathan Wei-Jie Lee. "IDDF2021-ABS-0169 The association between exercise, nutrient and food habits with the singaporean gut microbial composition." In Abstracts of the International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF), Hong Kong, 4–5 September 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-iddf.3.

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Kameneva, I., T. Melnichuk, S. Abdurashitov, E. Andronov, A. Yakubovskaya, M. Gritchin, and A. Prikhodko. "The taxonomic composition of the microbial community of the southern chernozem when introducing plant substrates and their destructors." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.109.

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Анотація:
The influence of green manure (phacelia), wheat straw, and cellulolytic association on the taxonomic structure of chernozems southern in the steppe zone of the Crimea was studied. Changes in the proportion among representatives of 11 phila, 14 bacteria, and 2 archaea were established.
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Weh, Katherine M., Nita H. Salzman, Amy B. Howell, Jennifer L. Clarke, Bridget A. Tripp, and Laura A. Kresty. "Abstract 5250: Cranberry proanthocyanidins reverse microbial dysbiosis and inhibit bile acid metabolism in association with esophageal cancer prevention." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5250.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Microbial association"

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and association with microbial communities in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland : laboratory experiments and comparisons to field data. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024157.

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