Статті в журналах: "Micro-Violence"

1

Goffman, Alice. "Violence: A Micro-Sociological Theory." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 2 (March 2009): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610903800250.

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2

Collins, Randall. "The micro-sociology of violence." British Journal of Sociology 60, no. 3 (August 24, 2009): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01256.x.

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3

Papusha, V. V. "VIOLENCE PREVENTION IN ADOLESCENT MICRO SOCIETY." Habitus, no. 39 (2022): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2022.39.42.

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4

Collins, Randall. "Preventing Violence: Insights from Micro-Sociology." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 48, no. 5 (September 2019): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306119867058.

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5

Hagedorn, John M. "Collins, Randall: Violence. A Micro-Sociological Theory." Anthropos 104, no. 1 (2009): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2009-1-211.

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6

Aho, James. "Randall Collins: Violence: A Micro-Sociological Theory." Human Studies 36, no. 1 (December 9, 2011): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10746-011-9203-z.

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7

Armstrong, Paul. "Randall Collins, Violence: A Micro-sociological Theory." Canadian Journal of Sociology 33, no. 4 (December 11, 2008): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs4430.

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8

Iqbal, Meesha, Zafar Fatmi, Kausar Khan, and Asaad Nafees. "Violence and abuse among working children in urban and suburban areas of lower Sindh, Pakistan." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 27, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2021.27.5.501.

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Background: Child labourers are exposed to an insecure environment and higher risk of violence. Violence among child labourers is an under-studied phenomenon which requires contextual assessment. Aims: We applied Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model (micro-, exo- and macro-system) to understand the interplay of individual, community, societal and policy context fuelling violence. Methods: Focus group discussions and family ethnographies of child-labourers working in common occupational sectors of suburban areas of Sindh were carried out to gain in-depth understanding of their immediate environment and abuse (micro-system). Frequency of emotional, physical and sexual violence (5–14 years; n = 634) was also determined. Indepth interviews with employers (exo-system, n = 4) and key-informant-interviews of prominent stakeholders in Pakistan (macro-system, n = 4) working against labour/violence were carried out Thematic-content analysis was performed using MAXQDA, version 8.0. Results: We estimated that 21%, 19% and 9% of children suffered from emotional, physical and sexual violence respectively. Child labourers’ interviews indicated the existence of all forms of abuse at home and in the workplace; sexual violence by grandfathers was highlighted (micro-system). Children reported frequent scolding and insults in the workplace along with physical violence that could be fatal (exo-system). The legal environment of violence in Pakistan was considered deficient as it did not address the hidden forms (touching, kissing, etc.; macro-system). Conclusion: We documented that all forms of violence were rampant among the child labourers, and improved efforts and comprehensive legislation is direly needed to alleviate the situation.

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9

Braun, Andreas. "Interpersonal Violence as an Intrinsic Part of The Civilizing Process." European Journal of Sociology 60, no. 2 (August 2019): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975619000122.

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AbstractEven though Elias himself does not focus on an explicit theory on violence inThe Civilizing Process, due to his research question on pacific social processes, violence is not generally theoretically excluded. Against this backdrop, and contrary to criticisms regarding a general loss as well as a biological rather than a sociological explanation of violence, and besides theories that explain meso and macro-level violence within Elias’s framework, this article considers interpersonal micro-level violence as an intrinsic part of the civilizing process. Especially by supplementing Elias’s assumptions of drive control and self-constraint with recent neuroscientific findings, it is possible to conceptualize interpersonal micro-level violence as situational exceedance of a subjective threshold of pain. Here, despite a normative civilized frame of behavior, aggression, as a (neuro)biologically-based reactive drive, is no longer controlled by socially learned self-constraint, leading to violence as a subjectively perceived rewarding behavior and socially performed action.

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10

Henriksen, Ann-Karina. "“What about Last Time?”." Conflict and Society 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2021.070111.

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The article explores how violence as actuality and potentiality shapes the lives of Danish at-risk girls and young women. The article draws on seven months of ethnographic fieldwork in Copenhagen and includes 25 girls and young women aged 13 to 23 who have all experienced using physical violence. Centering on a single young woman’s narrative, violence is analyzed as a meaningful social practice intimately linked to navigating violent social terrains and managing precarious everyday lives characterized by instability and marginalization. Drawing on the concept of potentiality, it is argued that violent interactions are shaped by both the fear of oncoming danger and the desire for powerful social positions. This perspective opens a micro-longitudinal perspective, which explores situational dynamics of violence through time, hereby contributing to micro-sociological studies of violence.

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11

Waddington, P. A. J. "Collins, R. (2008). VIOLENCE: A MICRO-SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY." Policing 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pap027.

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12

Collins, Randall. "Theorizing the time-dynamics of violence." Violence: An International Journal 1, no. 1 (April 2020): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633002420907768.

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Violence depends not only on long-standing background conditions but on time-patterns that determine when and if it breaks out, how long it lasts and how severe it is. Advances in recording technology including video cameras and CCTV have made it possible to locate turning points and sequences on the micro level. Different scales of violence have different time-dynamics, ranging from micro to meso to macro. These include the following: micro-rhythms (fractions of seconds) of synchronization and dominance in setting rhythms in face-to-face interaction; violence-triggering thresholds (a few minutes or less) in small groups, where boredom makes violence abort; tension-building danger time-zones (lasting a few hours) in organized crowds; revolutionary tipping points (a few days); duration of riots (a few days, but several weeks long if the riot moves from place to place or is intermittently scheduled); mass crisis and hysteria zone of national solidarity, rapidly reaching a plateau and lasting 3 to 6 months before declining; and macro time-forks, where sudden victory is relatively low in casualties, but where a stalemate leads to years of dispersed conflict with high attrition costs.

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13

Hovland, Ingie. "Macro/Micro Dynamics in South Africa: Why the Reconciliation Process Will Not Reduce Violence." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 1, no. 2 (September 2003): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2003.194812506437.

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The reconciliation process in South Africa has been hailed as an astounding example of a non-violent transition to democracy, and its Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has subsequently served as the starting point for reflections on reconciliation, transitional justice and the possibility of truth commissions in other countries. This article suggests that it is necessary to examine South Africa's reconciliation process more critically, focusing on why it has not brought about a reduction in the high levels of violence. It is argued that the reconciliation process has failed in this respect - despite good intentions - because it has not managed to transform the macro/micro dynamic in South Africa, i.e. the interaction between macro-level divisions and micro-level tensions which have fed off each other throughout South Africa's history. Macro-level violence has included - and still includes - economic policies that generate wealth for a minority while perpetuating the production of poverty for the majority. Micro-level violence includes extremely high levels of violent incidents at an interpersonal and local level. The use of the concept ‘reconciliation’ in post-apartheid South Africa may in certain respects have served as opium for the people - opium that has enabled continued accommodation of the interaction between macro and micro-level violence in the country.

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14

Bjarnegård, Elin, Karen Brounéus, and Erik Melander. "Honor and political violence." Journal of Peace Research 54, no. 6 (October 18, 2017): 748–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317711241.

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Who participates in political violence? In this study, we investigate the issue at the micro-level, comparing individuals who have used violence in political uprisings with those who have not. We develop our argument from the observation that men are strongly overrepresented in political violence, although most men do not participate. Literature on masculinities emphasizes the role of honor and its links to different forms of violence, such as domestic abuse, criminal violence, and violent attitudes. Building on this literature, we discern two separate but related aspects of honor: honor as male societal privilege and control over female sexuality, that is, patriarchal values, and honor as ideals of masculine toughness, that is, the perceived necessity for men to be fierce and respond to affronts with violence or threats of violence in order to preserve status. We argue that patriarchal values combined with ideals of masculine toughness together constitute honor ideology, which contributes in turn to the explanation of who participates in political violence. We present new and unique individual-level survey data on these issues, collected in Thailand. We find that honor ideology strongly and robustly predicts a higher likelihood of participating in political violence among male political activists. A number of previous studies found a macro-level relationship between gender equality and peacefulness in a society. This study provides evidence for one micro-level mechanism linking gender equality and political violence at the macro level. Based on these results, we conclude that honor ideology endorsement is a driver of violence in political conflicts.

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15

Klusemann, Stefan. "Massacres as process: A micro-sociological theory of internal patterns of mass atrocities." European Journal of Criminology 9, no. 5 (September 2012): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370812450825.

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Mass atrocities are episodes of violence that do not unfold at random: (a) there are recurrent patterns in the forms that violent behavior takes; (b) the chain of events in which violence unfolds is patterned internally, that is, there are processual patterns. These patterns are not the mere outcome or reflection of larger structures such as ethnic conflict; violence instead has patterns (including processual patterns) with a logic of their own. By tracing the onset and early phases of massacres in Srebrenica and Rwanda, it is shown that patterns of violence are shaped by local emotional dynamics. The paper builds on recent findings in the micro-sociology of violence by Collins and others and on Horowitz’s research on the processual character of violence in riots.

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16

Laitin, David D. "National revivals and violence." European Journal of Sociology 36, no. 1 (May 1995): 3–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007098.

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Micro factors that induce violent confrontations amidst national revival movements are identified. These factors include the nature of local social structures, tipping phenomena, and fortuitous events that set off action/reaction cycles. They are shown to he better explanations than reigning macro theories to account for the peaceful nationalist revival in Catalonia in contrast to the violent one in the Basque Country. A robustness test for the micro factors succeeds in differentiating levels of violence in the politics of separation from the Soviet Union in the Ukraine and Georgia.

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17

Malešević, Siniša. "The organisation of military violence in the 21st century." Organization 24, no. 4 (July 2017): 456–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508417693854.

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In this article, I analyse the sociological foundations of military violence in the 21st century. The first part of the article engages critically with the three dominant contemporary approaches in the study of organised violence: (a) the decline of violence perspective, (b) the new wars theories and (c) the technological displacement approach. I argue that despite their obvious merits, these three perspectives do not provide adequate interpretation of recent social change. In particular, I contest their emphasis on the radical discontinuity in the character of the contemporary military violence when compared to the previous historical periods. Hence, to remedy this – in the second part of the article – I develop an alternative, a longue durée, sociological interpretation centred on the role of organisational, ideological and micro-interactional powers in the transformation of military violence. In contrast to the three dominant perspectives, I argue that the 21st-century organisation of military violence has changed but it still exhibits much more organisational continuity with the last two centuries than usually assumed. More specifically, my argument centres on the long-term impact of the three historical processes that have shaped the dynamics of military violence over long stretches of time: the cumulative bureaucratisation of coercion, centrifugal ideologisation and the envelopment of micro-solidarity.

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18

Ravi, Shamika, and Rahul Ahluwalia. "What explains childhood violence? Micro correlates from VACS surveys." Psychology, Health & Medicine 22, sup1 (February 5, 2017): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1282162.

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19

Domokos, Andrea. "The impact of economic, social and health crises on victims of domestic violence." Belügyi Szemle 72, no. 10 (October 18, 2024): 1915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2024.v72.i10.pp1915-1925.

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Aim: The situation of victims of domestic violence and partner abuse becomes even more serious in crisis situations. There have been and are ongoing conflicts in the world, which have been scrutinised by economists, sociologists, criminologists, health professionals and lawyers alike in recent years. The latest related research worldwide provides a lot of important new information that can help prepare for the problem and provide professionally competent answers. Methodology: A selection of research conducted in different parts of the world. Summary reports were prepared to shed light on similarities and differences. Findings: It is clear from the processed literature that the individual forms of violence are connected in crisis situations and pose an even greater danger. Violence at the macro level, such as war, also increases violent conflict at the micro level. The crises caused by the fear of COVID, the lockdown, war conflicts, hunger, and the climate disaster spill over into family homes and make the victims of domestic violence and partner abuse even more vulnerable. Most of the processed materials analyse research born after COVID. The COVID–19 epidemic also provided many lessons regarding the management and prevention of the economic effects of future natural disasters and the associated increased domestic violence. Value: Analyses point to relationships that need further research and evaluation. In the future, macro- and micro-level violence research must be continued, common global results must be aggregated, and complex, global solutions must be developed. International organisations must continue to collect data and provide clear guidelines to public bodies and social organisations for the joint management of macro- and micro-level problems.

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20

Domokos, Andrea. "A gazdasági, társadalmi és egészségügyi válságok hatása a családon belüli erőszak áldozataira." Belügyi Szemle 72, no. 10 (October 18, 2024): 1771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2024.v72.i10.pp1771-1783.

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Aim: The situation of victims of domestic violence and partner abuse becomes even more serious in crisis situations. There have been and are ongoing conflicts in the world, which have been scrutinized by economists, sociologists, criminologists, health professionals and lawyers alike in recent years. The latest related research worldwide provides a lot of important new information that can help prepare for the problem and provide professionally competent answers. Methodology: A selection of research conducted in different parts of the world. Summary reports were prepared to shed light on similarities and differences. Findings: It is clear from the processed literature that the individual forms of violence are connected in crisis situations and pose an even greater danger. Violence at the macro level, such as war, also increases violent conflict at the micro level. The crises caused by the fear of COVID, the lockdown, war conflicts, hunger, and the climate disaster spill over into family homes and make the victims of domestic violence and partner abuse even more vulnerable. Most of the processed materials analyse research born after COVID. The COVID-19 epidemic also provided many lessons regarding the management and prevention of the economic effects of future natural disasters and the associated increased domestic violence. Value: Analyses point to relationships that need further research and evaluation. In the future, macro- and micro-level violence research must be continued, common global results must be aggregated, and complex, global solutions must be developed. International organizations must continue to collect data and provide clear guidelines to public bodies and social organizations for the joint management of macro- and micro-level problems.

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21

Chakravartty, Avaniendra. "Need for Newer Perspectives on Violence: A Subaltern View." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v5i1.65408.

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This article explains the intricate relationship between violence and health, aiming to transcend the conventional and restricted perspectives through which violence is typically perceived and conceptualized. The limitation regarding the conceptualisation of violence, by researchers, when the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is taken into consideration, leads us to think that those researching violence and health are limited to the WHO definition and conceptualisation of violence due to various historical processes of knowledge production and flows, which leads to a ‘violence of closure’. I follow a reflexive approach and identify several types of violence from which I focus on cognitive violence, epistemic violence, ontological violence, and neoliberal violence. Understanding of violence needs to acknowledge that multiple forms of violence overlap entangle and intersect in a rhizomatic manner. Only sticking to the WHO definition of violence leads to a condition that creates a condition of ‘violence of closure’ that neglects various systemic and structural processes through which violence is experienced at the individual micro-level.

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22

Balcells, Laia, and Patricia Justino. "Bridging Micro and Macro Approaches on Civil Wars and Political Violence." Journal of Conflict Resolution 58, no. 8 (September 4, 2014): 1343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002714547905.

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This article reflects on the importance of linking micro and macro levels of analysis in order to advance our current understanding of civil wars and political violence processes and discusses the contributions of the articles in this special issue. We first identify the main problems in research on political violence that is focused on a single level of analysis and describe the challenges faced by research that attempts to establish connections between different levels. We then introduce the different articles in the special issue, with an emphasis on the micro–macro-level linkages they develop and highlighting their commonalities. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of a new research agenda for the study of civil wars and political violence that bridges social, economic, and political dynamics occurring at the local level and conflict processes taking place in the macro arena.

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23

Harvey, Frank P. "Primordialism, Evolutionary Theory and Ethnic Violence in the Balkans: Opportunities and Constraints for Theory and Policy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 33, no. 1 (March 2000): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900000032.

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The literature on evolutionary theory tends to address questions of ethnicity from two perspectives: (1) macro, or long–term selection processes associated with basic human preferences for individual or group survival, ethnic identity or kinship affiliations; and (2) intermediate selection mechanisms associated with the fitness and adaptability of specific cultures, religions or belief systems in different regions of the world. Comparatively less time has been spent addressing micro–evolutionary questions about the timing, escalation and duration of ethnic violence — that is, micro or short–term selection processes and fitness mechanisms that account for the escalation and/or duration of ethnic hatreds, violence or war at a particular time.

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24

Weitzman, Abigail, Mónica Caudillo, and Eldad J. Levy. "Hybrid Interpersonal Violence in Latin America: Patterns and Causes." Annual Review of Criminology 7, no. 1 (January 26, 2024): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-022422-014603.

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In this review, we argue that to understand patterns and causes of violence in contemporary Latin America, we must explicitly consider when violence takes on interpersonal qualities. We begin by reviewing prominent definitions and measurements of interpersonal violence. We then detail the proliferation of interlocking sources of regional insecurity, including gender-based violence, gangs, narcotrafficking, vigilantism, and political corruption. Throughout this description, we highlight when and how each source of insecurity can become interpersonal. Next, we outline mutually reinforcing macro and micro conditions underlying interpersonal violence in its many hybrid forms. To conclude, we call for more multifaceted conceptualizations of interpersonal violence that embrace the complexities of Latin American security situations and discuss the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in this area.

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25

Weidmann, Nils B. "Micro-cleavages and violence in civil wars: A computational assessment." Conflict Management and Peace Science 33, no. 5 (July 8, 2016): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215570433.

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26

Jackson-Jacobs, Curtis. "Competitive Violence and the Micro-Politics of the Fight Label." Sociological Review 62, no. 2_suppl (December 2014): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12197.

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27

Reichardt, Sven. "Violence and Community: A Micro-Study on Nazi Storm Troopers." Central European History 46, no. 2 (June 2013): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938913000617.

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Established in spring 1928, the Sturmabteilung's (SA's) Sturm 33 was known in the Berlin area for its bloody street fighting. Four years after its founding, the well-known journalist Gabriele Tergit observed in the Weltbühne that “People know it—when Sturm 33 is involved, . . . there is terror. But no newspaper says as much any longer, no police pass it on as news—it is civil war as habit.” The Berlin-Charlottenburg district's SA-Sturm represented the Nazi movement's systematic application of violence in an especially acute manner, as both social experiences and the way of living within the unit were closely tied to violent action. In that respect, I will here argue that in Sturm 33, only an internal sociohistorical dynamic of violently plotting camaraderie made it possible to fulfill Nazism's ideological promise of integration, rendering it plausible within the organizational unit's particular cosmos.

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MAZUR, ALLAN. "A Hormonal Interpretation of Collins's Micro-sociological Theory of Violence." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 39, no. 4 (December 2009): 434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2009.00411.x.

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29

Birch, Sarah, Ursula Daxecker, and Kristine Höglund. "Electoral violence: An introduction." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 1 (January 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319889657.

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Elections are held in nearly all countries in the contemporary world. Yet despite their aim of allowing for peaceful transfers of power, elections held outside of consolidated democracies are often accompanied by substantial violence. This special issue introduction article establishes electoral violence as a subtype of political violence with distinct analytical and empirical dynamics. We highlight how electoral violence is distinct from other types of organized violence, but also how it is qualitatively different from nonviolent electoral manipulation. The article then surveys what we have learned about the causes and consequences of electoral violence, identifies important research gaps in the literature, and proceeds to discuss the articles included in the special issue. The contributions advance research in four domains: the micro-level targeting and consequences of electoral violence, the institutional foundations of electoral violence, the conditions leading to high-stakes elections, and electoral violence in the context of other forms of organized violence. The individual articles are methodologically and geographically diverse, encompassing ethnography, survey vignette and list experiments and survey data, quantitative analyses of subnational and crossnational event data, and spanning Africa, Latin America, and Asia.

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30

Chakraborty, Proshant, Nayreen Daruwalla, Anuja Jayaraman, and Shanti Pantvaidya. "“You Are a Part of the Solution”: Negotiating Gender-Based Violence and Engendering Change in Urban Informal Settlements in Mumbai, India." Violence Against Women 23, no. 11 (August 4, 2016): 1336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216659941.

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This article explores how women front-line workers engage with domestic and gender-based violence in the urban informal settlements of Dharavi in Mumbai, India. We conducted in-depth interviews with 13 voluntary front-line workers, along with ethnographic fieldwork in Dharavi, as a part of a pilot study. Our findings contribute to literature on context-specific approaches to understanding gender-based violence and “models” to prevent domestic violence in urban micro-spaces. Furthermore, we also discuss notions of “change” ( badlaav) that the front-line workers experience. Finally, this article presents implications for socially engaged ethnographic research, as well as contextual and grounded insights on ways to reduce gender-based and domestic violence.

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31

Collins, Randall. "Reply to Thesis Eleven symposium." Thesis Eleven 154, no. 1 (September 15, 2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619877088.

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Collins comments on status groups, micro-macro links, failures of peace dialogue, violence and confrontational tension/fear, educational credential inflation, creativity in intellectual networks, time-dynamics of nationalism and populism.

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32

Johnson, Harriette C. "Violence and Biology: A Review of the Literature." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 77, no. 1 (January 1996): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.835.

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Experts agree that the origins of violence are multifactorial, involving the complex interactions of macro-, meso-, and micro-system factors. The roles of cultural, economic, and family factors have been noted extensively in the social work literature, but the contributions of biological factors to violence have been overlooked. The author reviews evidence pertaining to the role of biology in interaction with the myriad other forces that converge in acts of violence. Social work administrators as well as direct practitioners need such knowledge to make informed judgments about the role of social work in violent situations. Implications for practice are discussed.

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33

van Liere, Lucien. "Tell Us Our Story." Exchange 43, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341315.

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Abstract This article raises the question about how definitions of religion and violence can be understood as links to the context in which they are formulated. The focus is on the context of academic learning. Understanding a definition as a micro-narrative that reflects the cultural ‘archive’, the author uses two academic contexts (i.e. Utrecht, The Netherlands and Jakarta, Indonesia) to show how religion and violence are differently understood. These differences are taken as significant information for understanding how the topic of ‘religion and violence’ is related to cultural understandings of the place of religion in society. The question is raised how ‘narrative learning’ can help as a strategy to raise awareness about the preconditioning of (academic) definitions of ‘religion and violence’.

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34

D’Agostino, Federica, Giulia Zacchia, and Marcella Corsi. "Risk of Economic Violence: A New Quantification." International Journal of Financial Studies 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12030082.

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This paper defines the first internationally comparable measure of the risk of economic violence to acknowledge its prevalence in different countries and its geographical and gender heterogeneity. Thanks to the availability of micro-data from the OECD/International Network on Financial Education survey, currently used to track financial literacy in different countries, we define a measure of the risk of economic violence (REV) that takes into consideration three macro-areas: (a) the risk of being prevented from acquiring and accumulating financial resources; (b) the risk of being unaware and not having access to personal and/or household financial resources; and (c) the risk of financial dependency. The definition of the new economic violence risk measure (REV) then allows us to verify with real data the presence of women’s greater exposure to the risk of economic violence and the presence of gender differences in the determinants of economic violence risk. Finally, we verify that financial literacy protects individuals from the risk of economic violence, without gender differences.

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35

Corte, Ugo. "Ritual, Emotion, Violence: Studies on the Micro-Sociology of Randall Collins." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 49, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306120915912pp.

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36

Cocoradă, Elena. "Gender differences in the micro-violence connected to the assessment process." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 33 (2012): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.108.

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37

Granzow, Tanja, Andreas Hasenclever, and Jan Sändig. "Introduction: Framing Political Violence – A Micro-Approach to Civil War Studies." Civil Wars 17, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698249.2015.1070448.

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38

Luft, Aliza. "Genocide: Theories of Participation and Opportunities for Intervention." Law & Social Inquiry 48, no. 4 (November 2023): 1251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2023.43.

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This essay evaluates the current United Nations approach to preventing and punishing genocide by considering micro-level research on behavioral variation in genocide and proposing two ideas for intervention. The first idea extends the theory that economic inequality explains people’s decisions to kill or not kill in genocide and suggests specific economic remedies to intervene in ongoing violence. The second idea extends the theory that local authorities shape civilians’ decision making about violence and suggests specific ways to bolster moderate meso-level authorities to mitigate violence. The essay concludes by considering how social science research and theory can practically impact international law concerning genocide.

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39

Alkan, Ömer, Ceyhun Serçemeli, and Kenan Özmen. "Verbal and psychological violence against women in Turkey and its determinants." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): e0275950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275950.

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Verbal and psychological violence against women is considered an important sociological and legal problem and a serious threat within the context of basic human rights. The aim of this study was to detect the factors affecting verbal and psychological violence against women in Turkey, a developing country. The micro data set of the National research on domestic violence against women in Turkey, which was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, was employed in this study. The factors affecting women’s exposure to verbal and psychological violence by their husbands or partners in Turkey were determined using binary logistic and binary probit regression analyses. Women whose husbands or partners cheated and used alcohol were more exposed to verbal and psychological violence compared to others. In addition, women who were exposed to physical, economic, and sexual violence were more exposed to verbal and psychological violence compared to others. Exposure to violence by first-degree relatives increases the possibility of exposure to verbal and psychological violence. More effective results can be achieved by prioritizing women likelier to be exposed to violence in policies aimed at preventing acts of verbal violence against women in our country. There are few studies on verbal and psychological violence against women. Therefore, it will be useful to conduct relevant studies from different perspectives.

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40

Kılavuz, İdil Tunçer. "The Role of Networks in Tajikistan's Civil War: Network Activation and Violence Specialists*." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 5 (September 2009): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990903122909.

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This article identifies the dynamics which shaped the eruption of civil war in Tajikistan. It argues that the mechanisms of network activation by the elites, together with the establishment of local militias and their involvement in the war through the activation of violence specialists, were important factors in bringing about the eruption of violence. This article is not about the causes of the civil war. Its aim is not to answer the question of why, but the question of how: what mechanisms led Tajikistan into civil war, how networks were activated from the top down, how mobilization was achieved at the micro level in the villages. This article stresses both macro- and micro-level mechanisms, and argues that there is a connection between the two—a look at both is necessary to understand the dynamics of the war.

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41

Pietraszczyk-Sękowska, Joanna. "Mikrokonteksty przemocy w wojnie domowej. O konflikcie zbrojnym, lokalnych antagonizmach i siłach chłopskich w Peru." Politeja 19, no. 6(81) (February 24, 2023): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.81.18.

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MICRO CONTEXTS OF VIOLENCE IN THE CIVIL WAR: ON THE ARMED CONFLICT, LOCAL ANTAGONISMS AND PEASANT FORCES IN PERU The article discusses the mechanisms of the Peruvian internal conflict development (1980‑2000), with particular emphasis on the beginning of military operations in the central‑southern province and the circumstances of the peasants’ involvement. In the text, I decolonize the image of comuneros as passive victims of political violence. I assume that they were generally involved in the armed conflict but they responded primarily not to the macro‑ but the micro‑conditions of the processes of violence (i.e. inter‑ and intra‑village antagonisms instead of the political competition of the irregular forces with the state that arose outside their community). The article looks, therefore, at the mechanisms of the Peruvian conflict before the beginning of village self‑defense forces and identifies the sources of civilian terror in the province as well as its impact on the further course of the war. The text is based on the existing sources describing the participation of the peasants in the struggles, confronted with the results of my fieldwork in Peru in 2005‑2010 and their update from 2015‑2019.

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42

Galmarini-Kabala, Maria Cristina. "Psychiatry, Violence, and the Soviet Project of Transformation: A Micro-History of the Perm΄ Psycho-Neurological School-Sanatorium." Slavic Review 77, no. 2 (2018): 307–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2018.125.

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This article analyzes the interactions of medical experts, minor patients, and parents in a child psychiatric institution that operated in the Soviet city of Perm΄ between 1926 and 1929. Through a micro-history of this institution, the author raises questions about the nature of violence within the realm of psychiatric care, demonstrating the multidimensional flow of power within a particular institutional setting and adding complexity to our understanding of the asylum writ large. At the same time, the article engages the question of violence in Soviet society at the end of the NEP, suggesting that the historical actors involved in the Perm΄ institution used violence as a means to explain the crisis of their time.

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43

Delaney, Aimée X. "Socio-Cultural Contexts for Normative Gender Violence: Pathways of Risk for Intimate Partner Violence." Social Sciences 12, no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070378.

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Violent means of social control at both the micro- and macro-levels create norms of violence within societies that spill over into multiple domains as a reaction to a socio-cultural context of normative violence. This adverse effect may stem from normalized violence within both families and communities and contribute to intimate partner violence (IPV). From a contextual-ecological model, this becomes a victimizing effect. This study tests the theoretical premise of Norms of Violence in order to reconceptualize IPV as a victimizing effect within a larger community framework. Using data from the International Dating Violence Study, this study explores the interaction of violent socialization at both the familial and communal level, controlling for other conditions that could contribute to a normative standard of violence. The results indicate the presence of polyvictimization: nations in which youth experience the highest levels of violent socialization from both their families and communities tend to have higher levels of IPV victimization. This relationship is stronger when social structures support normative violence as conflict resolution. For females, this relationship is further exasperated. Societies across the world, including those in which the context of violence is most prominent, can work towards eradicating the negative impacts of gender violence for individuals, their families, and the communities in which they live by addressing the normalization of violence.

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44

Alkan, Ömer, Şenay Özar, and Şeyda Ünver. "Economic violence against women: A case in Turkey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): e0248630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248630.

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The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the exposure of women in the 15–59 age group in Turkey to economic violence by their husbands/partners. The micro data set of the National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey, which was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, was employed in this study. The factors affecting women’s exposure to economic violence were determined using the binary logistic regression analysis. In the study, women in the 15–24, 25–34 and 35–44 age group had a higher ratio of exposure to economic violence compared to the reference group. Women who graduated from elementary school, secondary school, and high school had a higher ratio of exposure to economic violence compared to those who have never gone to school. Women’s exposure to physical, sexual and verbal violence was also important factor affecting women’s exposure to economic violence. The results obtained in this study are important in that they can be a source of information for establishing policies and programs to prevent violence against women. This study can also be a significant guide in determining priority areas for the resolution of economic violence against women.

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45

Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Family violence offence in a social context and legal system of Serbia and Montenegro." Temida 6, no. 2 (2003): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0302005n.

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In this paper author elaborates macro and micro factors which contribute to emergence/aggravation of family violence in a circumstances of social transition, as well as factors which contribute to better protection, assistance and support to victims of violence. Therefore, author presents historical development of lobbying for legal reforms regarding domestic violence, as well as importance and broader context of new incrimination - Domestic Violence - in the legal system of Serbia and Montenegro. Also, in this paper author presents basic principles of the New Model for legal protection from family violence, made by the working group of the Victimology Society of Serbia, describing legal situation that existed before these changes and legal protection of victims after the reform. Author also indicates to an incomplete legal protection of victims - lack of possibilities for arrest, protective measures, restraining orders, and (voluntary or mandatory) treatment of abuser. The importance of monitoring of implementation and further improving of this and other laws is stressed out as well.

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46

Picanço, Janaina Damasceno, and Kátia Paulino dos Santos. "Violence and the culture of peace in a school environment: case study in a public school in Macapá - Amapá - Brazil." Concilium 23, no. 19 (October 10, 2023): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-2029-23p04.

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Violence in a school environment is an old phenomenon with different forms of presentation, which must be understood as a complex process that requires differentiated and careful attention, aiming to build a healthy and peaceful environment. The objective of this study was to analyze the forms of violence at the Alexandre Vaz Tavares State School, in the city of Macapá, from the perspective of school management, teachers and students. Regarding theoretical-methodological references, this study focused on qualitative research, through a case study. Interviews and on-site observation were carried out. It was found that manifestations of violence at school present themselves in the form of micro violence, which is why school management understands existing manifestations as normal and does not perceive reasons to carry out projects with an emphasis on the culture of peace. This perception is refuted by teachers and students, who understand that schools need to develop projects that combat violence in the school environment, dismantling patterns of violence historically presented as acceptable and strengthening the establishment of a culture of peace in these spaces.

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47

Dai, Yani. "The phenomenon of feminist stigmatization and the research of cyber violence against women." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4494.

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Due to the development of the Internet platform, feminism has gradually come into the public view, and with it comes the controversy over the topic of feminism. Taking the famous Chinese online platform Sina Micro-blog as an example, this paper analyses the current situation of feminism on the Sina Micro-blog platform and the reasons for its stigmatization, in order to further analyze the impact of the phenomenon of feminism on cyber violence against women, and to make analysis and suggestions for improving this situation and protecting women's rights.

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48

Singh, Bhawna, Ansa Hameed, and Sohaib Alam. "Moral Policing and Gender-based Violence: Portrayal of Honour and Shame in Poile Sengupta’s Mangalam." Journal of Education Culture and Society 14, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2023.2.425.436.

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Thesis. The article aims to study Poile Sengupta’s play entitled Mangalam to analyse how the play raises a voice against society’s enforced models of masculinity and femininity, and sexual and psychological violence and its impact on women in the domestic sphere. Concept. The study foregrounds the impact of moral policing via the notions of honour and shame in Sengupta’s Mangalam and analyses that family, a micro-unit of patriarchy is the primary location of violence inflicted on women. The present study further attempts to examine interpersonal violence perpetuated through the institution of marriage through a study of the portrayal of marital violence in Sengupta’s Mangalam. Results and Conclusion. Sengupta presents contemporary social issues and interrogates moral policing and violence perpetuated by patriarchy through the discussed play. It presents a dramatic piece written by a woman, thus challenging the male-dominated narratives through a voice of protest and addressing violence inflicted on a woman’s body and psyche. Originality. The originality of the study relies on examining the underlying causes of gender-based violence within the institution of marriage and family as the smallest unit of patriarchy while also understanding the relevance of literary representations by women dramatists as resistance literature.

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49

Hassan, Mai, and Thomas O’Mealia. "Uneven accountability in the wake of political violence." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317751836.

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The government faces a principal–agent problem with lower-level state officers. Officers are often expected to use the state coercive capacity endowed to them to politically benefit the government. But officers can shirk from the government’s demands. An officer’s actions during bouts of large-scale and highly visible electoral violence reveal the officer’s type, thereby providing the government with the information necessary to solve its principal–agent problem for the future. The government holds officers who used their authority to perpetuate incumbent-instigated violence accountable through positive rewards, while holding officers who used their authority to perpetuate opposition-instigated violence accountable through negative sanctions. We find evidence in support of the theory using micro-level archival data on 2,500 local officer appointments and fine-grained satellite data on the locations of violence in the aftermath of Kenya’s 2007 election. The Kenyan government was more likely to fire officials whose jurisdictions saw opposition-instigated violence that targeted government supporters. But we find the opposite result where violence was instigated by incumbent supporters: there, officers were less likely to be fired if violence occurred in their jurisdiction. Our results indicate that leaders can manipulate accountability processes after political violence to further politicize the state.

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50

Mwale, Martin Limbikani, Gowokani Chijere Chirwa, Martina Mchenga, and Tayamika Kamwanja Zabula. "Micro-finance and women’s perception of domestic violence in a fragile state." World Development Perspectives 24 (December 2021): 100374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2021.100374.

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