Дисертації з теми "Micro-interaction"
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Greville-Harris, G. "Child-infant interaction : A micro-analysis." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371040.
Choudhary, Dhruv. "Micro-scheduling and its interaction with cache partitioning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41167.
Phelipot, Annabelle. "Interaction sol-structure lors d'opérations de micro-tunnelage." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0087/these.pdf.
This work comes within the scope of the « Microtunnels » French National Project. The micro-tunneling technique is a trenchless process for installing small diameter pipes. It consists in jacking pipe elements behind the boring machine performing excavation, spoil removal and steering operations. The main advantage of this recent method is a reduction in disturbances compared to traditional open-trench techniques. Therefore, it is especially useful and adapted in urban areas. This experimental study principally focuses on the main aspects of the technique:. / soil/pipe interface friction,. / face stability. / ground movements induced by microtunneling technique. In the first part, the complete monitoring at several microtunneling sites is reported. In particular, encountered soils are characterized (through in-situ and laboratory tests) and the main jacking and steering data are monitored. The in depth analysis of these data shows the great influence of ground nature, overcut, lubrication and pipe misalignments on mobilized friction. However, the respective contribution of each of the aforementioned parameters is not clearly identified. Face stability and ground \. 10vements are also observed and analyzed. Based on these in-situ results, a complementary experimentation has been designed and set up. Pipe jacking has been reproduced in a calibration chamber with a detailed and precise procedure and a full monitoring of ground displacements in the vicinity of the pipe and the pipe’s displacements and stresses. The influence of overcut, lubricant injection on the mobilized friction and the associated ground movements is precisely evaluated. In addition. The overcut effect has been simulated by numerical 2D calculations in order to use them to in-situ conditions
Rabaud, David. "Manipulation et interaction de micro-bulles sous champ acoustique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536932.
Anselmucci, Floriana. "Interaction sol-racines : effets sur la micro-structure du sol." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI064.
This PhD thesis presents an innovative experimental investigation on the mechanical response of sand to plant root growth.Root-soil interaction is investigated for two different root systems -- Maize and Chickpea -- and two different gradings of Hostun sand with two initial porosities.An original protocol is developed aiming to create samples with repetitive initial nominal properties and representative of the natural interaction.Two experimental campaigns were run on a series of samples with different sands and plants.A 4D (3D+time) analysis of the interaction is carried out by using x-ray Computed Tomography.For each sample, an average of 7 x-rays scans is performed, from the day of the seed sowing up to 7-days-old root system.An image processing technique has been developed and it is applied to the 3D images resulting from the reconstruction of the x-ray scans. Through this image processing, the root system is identified, together with the sand grains and the water present in the system. Finally, a four-phased volume representative of the soil-root system can be defined for each state of the observed samples.Besides, from the 3D greyscale images of the samples, measurements of the kinematics of the system are obtained through local and discrete approaches of image correlation.Local sand porosity and deformations resulting from the four-phased volumes and the image correlations are detailed for one sample of each root-sand configuration.Regarding the impact of the initial sand state on the root system development, the comparison of the different configurations shows, among other things, that the sand density plays a key role on the expansion of the root system, for both plant species.Concerning the sand response to the root growth, the strain tensor computed with image correlation shows that a root shears the soil while growing and the sheared zone is wider when the initial bulk density is lower.This work focuses also on the determination of the sand volumetric response to root growth in the sheared zone and its dependency on the soil density.Sand response is purely dilatant for denser initial states, while the looser sand exhibits a contractant behaviour far from the root surface. Such a response is obtained in the case of both maize and chickpea. Moreover, the contractant behaviour induced by the shearing away from the root is confirmed also for both sand granulometries in a looser state
Naemat, Abida. "Biomolecular imaging of host-pathogen interaction by Raman micro-spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39476/.
Molinelli, Chiara. "Interaction optomécanique à trois modes et refroidissement d'un micro-résonateur mécanique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635999.
Gallagher, Timothy. "Towards multi-scale reacting fluid-structure interaction: micro-scale structural modeling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53483.
Foot, T. "The influence of peer interaction in micro-computer based problem-solving." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374863.
Zhou, Lianqun. "Study of the membrane-fluid interaction in micro lamb wave sensor." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2041.
Cette thèse traite, théoriquement et expérimentalement, de l’interaction fluide-membrane dans un capteur a onde de Lamb. Un modèle est utilisé pour calculer les courbes de dispersion, le déplacement, les contraintes. Un autre modèle est utilisé pour analyser la distribution des modes. L’effet des gaz est étudié théoriquement et expérimentalement. Les applications des ondes de Lamb à l’aérodynamique et aux mesures multiparamétriques sont présentées. Voici quelques détails. Le premier modèle utilise les fonctions potentielles et recherche les fonctions solution des équations de propagation qui remplissent les conditions aux limites avec ou sans la présence d’un liquide. Ce modèle permet d’obtenir de nombreux paramètres, le déplacement des particules, les contraintes, le vecteur de Poynting, les vitesses de groupe et d’énergie etc. La membrane étant limitée dans le sens latéral il y a coexistence dans la membrane de modes stationnaires et d’ondes progressives. Un modèle donne la position et l’intensité relatives des modes. Le but est d’apporter des connaissances complémentaires sur l’action des gaz sur la propagation des ondes de Lamb. On montre que pour les basses fréquences de A0 (ondes évanescentes dans le gaz) l’action est principalement un changement de fréquence , tandis aux plus hautes fréquences de A0 (Ondes «fuyantes» l’action est principalement une atténuation. Le S0 mode étant très peu modifié par la présence de gaz. L’application de l’interaction gaz-membrane en aérodynamique est étudiée théoriquement et expérimentalement. Le principal effet ce produit quand la vitesse de phase de l’onde de Lamb est proche de la vitesse du son dans le gaz. Les résultats suggèrent que les applications dans ce domaine seront très prometteuses. Les effets sur l’onde de Lamb de différents paramètres (densité, vitesse du son viscosité) d’une solution liquide sont étudiés. On montre que l’utilisation conjointe de A01 mode (fondamental du A0 mode) et du A03 mode (harmonique 3 DU A0 mode) permet de mesurer la densité et la vitesse du son. La densité étant connue, le S0 mode permet d’obtenir la viscosité
Byrd, Alex W. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401559891.
Kovalick, Walter W. "Improving federal interagency coordination: a model based on micro-level interaction." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53559.
Ph. D.
Ozcelik, Hayriye. "Interaction Between Micro And Nano Patterned Polymeric Surfaces And Different Cell Types." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614798/index.pdf.
zç
elik, Hayriye Ph.D., Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Vasif Hasirci Co-Supervisor: Dr. Celestino Padeste August 2012, 139 pages Micro and nanopatterned surfaces are powerful experimental platforms for investigating the mechanisms of cell adhesion, cell orientation, differentiation and they enable significant contributions to the fields of basic cell and stem cell biology, and tissue engineering. In this study, interaction between micro and nanopatterned polymeric surfaces and different cell types was investigated. Three types of micropillars were produced by photolithography (Type 1-3), while nanometer sized pillars were produced in the form of an array by electron beam lithography (EBL). Replica of silicon masters were made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Polymeric [P(L-D,L)LA and a P(L-D,L)LA:PLGA blend] replica were prepared by solvent casting of these on the PDMS template and used in in vitro studies. The final substrates were characterized by various microscopic methods such as light microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to investigate deformation of the nucleus in response to the physical restrictions imposed by micropillars, Type 1 and Type 2 pillars were used. These substrates were covered with pillars with different interpillar distances. While Type 1 is covered with symmetrically (in X-Y directions) distributed pillars, Type 2 pillars were distributed asymmetrically and the inter-pillar distances were increased. Nuclei deformation of five cell v types, two cancer cell lines (MCF7 and Saos-2), one healthy bone cell (hFOB1.19), one stem cell (bone marrow origined mesemchymal stem cells, BMSCs) and one standard biomaterial test cell type, (L929) fibroblasts was examined by using fluorescence microscopy and SEM. The nuclei of Saos-2 and MCF7 cells were found to be deformed most drastically. Nucleus deformation and intactness of nuclear membrane was examined by Anti- Lamin A staining. The interaction of the cells with micropillars was visualized by labelling focal adhesion complexes (FAC). Wettabilities of patterned and smooth surfaces were determined. As the patterns become denser (closer micropillars, Type 1) the hydrophobicity increased. Similar to water droplets, the cells were mostly spread at the top of the Type 1 pillars. The number of cells spread on the substrate surface was much higher on Type 2 patterned films. In order to support these qualitative findings, nucleus deformation was quantified by image analysis. Frequency of nucleus deformation was determined as the ratio of deformed to the total number of nuclei (%). In order to quantify the intensity of nuclei deformation, their circularity was evaluated. In addition to nucleus deformation, alterations in the ratio of cell area-to-nucleus area in response to micropillars were determined by image analysis. The results indicated that cancerous cells were more deformable. The qualitative microscopic evaluation and the data obtained by quantification of the nucleus and cellular deformation were in good agreement. In addition, the findings were consistent with expectations which suggest that cancerous cells are &ldquo
softer&rdquo
. In the second part of the research the force applied by the cells on arrays of micropillars with high aspect ratios (Type 3 substrates) during tugging at the pillars was investigated. Micropillars were produced using P(L-D,L)LA as well as a 60:40 blend of P(L-D,L)LA with PLGA. The blend is a material with lower stiffness than P(L-D,L)LA. The mechanical properties of the two materials were determined by tensile testing of solvent cast films. Deformation of Type 3 micropillars by the cellular tugging force of Saos-2 and L929 was studied by fluorescence and SEM microscopy, both on stiff and softer substrates. Displacements of the centers nodes of the pillars were evaluated from SEM micrographs. On the stiff surface, the two cell types bent the pillars to the same extent. On the other softer substrate (blends), however, the maximum displacements observed with Saos-2 cells were higher than the ones caused on the stiffer substrate or the ones caused by L929 cells. It is reported that stiffness of the substrate can determine stem cell lineage commitment. In order to examine the effects of change of substrate stiffness on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, osteopontin (OPN) expression was determined microscopically. It was found that osteogenic differentiation is enhanced when BMSCs are cultured on P(L-D,L)LA Type 3 pillars. vi In the last part of research, arrays of nanopillars whose interpillar distances systematically varied to form different fields were examined in terms of adhesion and alignment in order to determine the differential adhesion of BMSCs and Saos-2 cells. The difference in their adhesion preference on nanopillar arrays was quantified by image analysis. It was observed that BMSCs and Saos-2 cells behaved in an opposite manner with respect to each other on the fields with the highest density of nanopillars. The BMSCs avoided the most densely nanopillar covered fields and occupied the pattern free regions. The Saos-2, on the other hand, occupied the most densely nanopillar covered fields and left the pattern free regions almost unpopulated. It was also found that both BMSCs and Saos-2 cells aligned in the direction of the shorter distance between the pillars. Both BMSCs and Saos-2 cells started to align on the pillars if the distance in any direction was >
1.5 &mu
m. To better understand the effects of chemical and physical cues, protein coating and material stiffness were tested as two additional parameters. After fibronectin coating, the surfaces of P(L-D,L)LA films with the highly dense pillar covered fields, which were avoided when uncoated, were highly populated by the BMSC. Similarly, decreasing the stiffness of a surface which was normally avoided by the BMSCs made it more acceptable for the cells to attach.
Hupp, Sara J. (Sara Jean) 1979. "A tribological study of the interaction between surface micro texturing and viscoelastic lubricants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30298.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-117).
An experimental study is performed on micro textured surfaces using both elastic and Newtonian fluids in order to understand the effect of surface texturing and fluid rheology on sliding friction under lubricated conditions. Nickel micro textured surfaces containing 50 to 125 micron diameter pores and 1 to 20 percent area densities of pores are fabricated using novel techniques inspired by MEMS fabrication methods in order to obtain a metal surface that is corrosion and wear resistant. These surfaces are then friction tested using a torsional rheometer with a parallel plate configuration, and the resulting data is normalized to obtain a Stribeck diagram that spans the lubrication regimes from boundary lubrication to hydrodynamic lubrication. Each lubricant/surface pair results in a unique curve that is subsequently compared to other lubricant/surface pairs in order to study the effect of different surface texturing parameters as well as the effect of the particular lubricant rheology. Experimental results from studying the effect of different surface texturing parameters indicate that particular micro textured patterns can reduce friction by as much as seventy-five percent after a controlled break-in period. Data from the tribo-rheometer also indicates that along with a reduction in friction, micro texturing can result in shifting the entire Stribeck curve so that the transition points between lubrication regimes are delayed or induced by as much as an order of magnitude of the Gumbel number, depending on the lubricant and running conditions. Focusing next on the effect of lubricant rheology on sliding friction over micro textured surfaces, this research reveals that the Stribeck curve will experience a shift according to the lubricant elasticity. A new dimensionless number formed by dividing the Gumbel number by the elasticity factor of the fluid can accurately account for the Stribeck curve shift as a result of fluid elasticity.
by Sara J. Hupp.
S.M.
Colas, Laurent. "Etude experimentale de la turbulence sur tore supra par interaction plasma micro-ondes." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112358.
Bourgeois, Jacky. "Interactive demand-shifting in the context of domestic micro-generation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S141/document.
The combination of ubiquitous computing and emerging energy technologies is radically changing the home energy landscape. Domestic micro-generation, dominated by solar photovoltaic, is increasing at a rapid pace. This represents an opportunity for creating and altering energy behaviours. However, these transformations generate new challenges that we call the domestic energy gap: domestic electricity consumption and micro-generation are out of sync. Micro-generation is mainly uncontrollable production relying on weather while domestic energy consumption tends to happen mostly during the evening. This thesis focuses on understanding and supporting new domestic practices in the context of domestic solar electricity generation, looking at ‘Demand-Shifting’. Specifically, we look at how can digital tools leverage Demand-Shifting practices in the context of domestic micro-generation? Relying on a mixed-method approach, we provide a qualitative and quantitative answer with the collaboration of 38 participating households in several field studies including two spanning more than eight months. Through a deep investigation of laundry and electric mobility routines in the context of domestic micro-generation, we emphasised a natural engagement into Demand-Shifting which appeared as a complex and time-consuming task for participants which was not visible when we analysed their quantitative data. We revealed this complexity through Participatory Data Analyses, a method we designed to analyse the data in collaboration with the participating householders. This provided us with a comprehensive view of the relationship between domestic micro-generation and daily routines. Finally, we highlight the need for timely and contextual support through the deployment of interventions in-the-wild. Building on discussions of our findings in perspective of the literature, we propose a conceptual framework to support domestic interactive Demand-Shifting (iDS)
Arrabito, Giuseppe Domenico. "Micro and Nano patterns for Biosensing: from enzymatic assays to single cells interaction arrays." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/975.
Arrabito, Giuseppe Domenico. "Micro and Nano patterns for Biosensing: from enzymatic assays to single cells interaction arrays." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/130487.
Mallavajjala, Rahul. "Micro-Interactions on Smartphones : An email notification redesign." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16659.
Macente, Alice. "4-dimensional studies of fluid-rock interaction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23473.
Wagner, Frank. "Interaction laser matière à forts flux : Micro-usinage et endommagement laser dans le domaine nanoseconde." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769459.
Yu, Xiaoming. "Laser micro/nano machining based on spatial, temporal and spectral control of light-matter interaction." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32928.
Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Shuting Lei
Lasers have been widely used as a manufacturing tool for material processing, such as drilling, cutting, welding and surface texturing. Compared to traditional manufacturing methods, laser-based material processing is high precision, can treat a wide range of materials, and has no tool wear. However, demanding manufacturing processes emerging from the needs of nano and 3D fabrication require the development of laser processing strategies that can address critical issues such as machining resolution, processing speed and product quality. This dissertation concerns the development of novel laser processing strategies based on spatial, temporal and spectral control of light-matter interaction. In the spatial domain, beam shaping is employed in ultrafast laser micro-processing. Zero-order Bessel beam, generated by an axicon, is used for selective removal of the back contact layer of thin film solar cells. Bessel beam’s propagation-invariance property gives rise to an extension of focal range by orders of magnitude compared to Gaussian beam, greatly increasing process tolerance to surface unevenness and positioning error. Together with the axicon, a spatial light modulator is subsequently used to modify the phase of laser beam and generate superpositions of high-order Bessel beam with high energy efficiency. With the superposed beam, processing speed can be increased significantly, and collateral damage resulting from the ring structures in the zero-order Bessel beam can be greatly suppressed. In the temporal domain, it is demonstrated that ionization in dielectric materials can be controlled with a pair of ultraviolet and infrared pulses. With the assistance of the long-wavelength infrared pulse, nano-scale features are achieved using only a small fraction of threshold energy for the short-wavelength pulse. Computer simulation based on the rate equation model is conducted and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. This study paves the way for future adoption of short-wavelength laser sources, for example in the extreme ultraviolet range, for direct laser nano-fabrication with below-threshold pulse energy. In the spectral domain, a short-wavelength infrared laser is used to generate modification in the bulk of silicon wafers, in an attempt to develop 3D fabrication capabilities in semiconductors. Issues such as spherical aberration correction and examination procedure are addressed. Permanent modification is generated inside silicon by tightly focusing and continuously scanning the laser beam inside the samples, without introducing surface damage. The effect of laser pulse energy and polarization is also investigated. These results demonstrate the potential of controlling laser processing in multiple dimensions for manufacturing purposes, and point to a future when laser can be used as naturally and efficiently as mechanical tools used today, but is targeted at more challenging problems.
Ai, Shiwen. "SENSING AND CONTROL OF TIP-SAMPLE INTERACTION FORCE OF A THREE-AXIS COMPLIANT MICRO-MANIPULATOR." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322626198.
Das, Pritam. "Membrane micro-structurée utilisable comme support au développement de cellule humaine : développement, caractérisation et interaction cellule-matrice." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30282/document.
Over the last decades, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are unfolding many promising applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine field by providing suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. The three-dimensional polymeric porous scaffolds with higher porosities having homogeneous interconnected pore network are highly useful for tissue engineering. In this context, a poly (ε- caprolactone) PCL/chitosan CHT blend membrane with a double porous morphology was developed by modified liquid induced phase inversion technique. The membrane shows: (i) surface macrovoids (big pores) which could be easily accessible for cells invasion and viability; (ii) interconnected microporous (small pores) network to transfer essential nutrients, oxygen, growth factors between the macrovoids and throughout the scaffolds. The physico-chemical properties (pore size, surface chemistry and biodegradability) of the materials have been characterized. This study shows how it is possible to tune the membrane properties by changing the PCL/CHT ratio. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) culture was performed on the membranes and the cell viability and proliferation was investigated by MTT assay and oxygen uptake rate experiments. The experiments demonstrate that the membranes are biocompatible and can be colonized by the cells at micron scale. Confocal microscopy images show that the cells are able to adhere and penetrate inside the macrovoids of the membranes. Both cell proliferation and oxygen uptake increase with time especially on membranes with lower chitosan concentration. The presence of chitosan in the blend produces an increase of porosity that affect the entrapment of the cells inside the porous bulk of the membranes. Successful cellular proliferation of hMSCs could be useful to enhance longevity of other primary cells by production of corresponding growth factors. To test the dynamic behavior of cells on the membranes, an organ-on-chip (OOC) device has been developed with human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the membrane. The hydraulic resistance of the cellular barrier on the membrane has been quantified for real time trans-endothelial pressure (TEP) 20 cmH2O at 37 degree C and with living cells after 1 day and 3 day of post seeding. Results suggests this kind of polymeric scaffolds can be useful in future as an in vivo patch to repair disrupted vessels
Folstad, Kristin. "Optimal operating strategies of the micro-CHP for improved interaction between the electrical and thermal demand and supply." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26082.
Verit, Isabel. "Micro-Usinage par laser femtoseconde : Fabrication d'une microfibre glomérulaire perfusée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0159.
The demand for organ transplantation has rapidly increased during the past decades due to the increased incidence of vital organ failure and the greater improvement in post-transplant outcome. However, the unavailability of adequate organs for transplantation to meet the existing demand has resulted in major organ shortage crisis. Today, the emergence of regenerative medicine and more particularly, tissue engineering, appears as the best opportunity to effectively regenerate functional tissues and organs. However, these approaches face the 3D architectural complexity of a real organ’s system. More particularly, one of the most challenging issues when engineering tissues is the lack of an efficient method to produce blood vessel systems — the vascularization. Without nutrients and oxygen supply, cells die, and engineered tissues show cell necrosis.This project is a collaboration between the French laboratory of tissue engineering BioTis – INSERM U1026 and the technological centre in optics and lasers ALPhANOV. The aim of this project is to develop a model of perfusable glomerular microcapillary that would mimic glomerular filtration. Microfibres was crafted in the BioTis lab with a core made of collagen hydrogel and a peripheric cell bilayer. This thesis focuses on the creation of a channel within the collagen core using femtosecond laser processing. Following the principle of industrialized intra-volume laser microprocessing of transparent materials, ultra-short laser pulses were strongly focused inside collagen hydrogel to induce the formation of a channel through cavitation phenomena without affecting the cell bilayer
Werme, Jonas. "SECURITY AWARENESS THROUGH MICRO-TRAINING : An initial evaluation of a context based micro-training framework." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10749.
Ku, Mui Sing Alice. "Workplace learning and interaction between individual identity, social relations and organizational environment : a comparative study between micro and small companies." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11031.
Burgess, Michael. "The 'whole of the wall' : a micro-analytic study of informal, computer-mediated interaction between children from a marginalised community." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3318.
Annovazzi, Alicia. "Contribution à l'étude - interaction laser-matière à différentes pressions résiduelles : Application au procédé micro-fusion laser sur lit de poudre." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA024.
The laser beam melting (LBM) and electron beam melting (EBM) processes are two additive manufacturing technologies allowing the production of metallic parts. The intense energy density provided by the power supply is sufficient in order to melt the material creating a molten pool, and will solidify after cooling. This change of phase which takes place in a very short time, induced complexthermodynamics phenomena. Each of the processes offer advantages that could be interesting to be combined. Hence, a combination of the two technologies has been investigated. The EBM process requiring a rough vacuum in the work chamber, the issue of this work is based on the study of the laser melting at low pressure. Besides the intended combination, the selective laser melting under vacuum pressure can be attractive with the aim of improving the material integrity, in particular on the oxygen-sensitive materials. However, a clear decrease of the process efficiency has been observed. This work includes two parts: a) Firstly, an experimental study of samples fabricability at different pressures conditions is observed. For the same manufacturing parameters, a significant decrease of samples densification is observed in rough vacuum. The parameters volumetric energy density and the laser displacement speed have to beadapted in function of the chamber pressure. b) The second part is an attempt to explain the molten pool motion which change depending on the pressure. This can be achieved with a fast cam allowing the observations of strong instabilities in the powder bed with the denudation zone, and the molten pool with the morphology, for specific laser parameters. These phenomena are more important for residual pressures under 30 mbar. Then, a powder bed pre-sintering for the purpose of ”in-situ” annealing of the materials studied, has shown the beneficial effect during the interaction laser-powder under vacuum. Improvement melt quality and increased manufacturing efficiency have beenachieved
Lundin, Maria, and Lena Kanstrup. "Method for detection of sleepiness : - measurement of interaction between driver and vehicle." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7714.
As more and more people conduct vigilance-based activities at times other than the traditional daytime work hours, the time utilization will continue to escalate in the next century and will further increase the risks of sleepiness-related accidents.
This project, which is commissioned by Scania CV AB, is to nvestigate the potential of a method for sleepiness detection belonging to esium AB. Our objective is to examine whether Scania CV AB should continue with the investigation of the patent method, and in that case, which patent parameters, that indicate sleepiness, should be more closely inquired. The purpose with the method of patent is to discover a sleepy driving behaviour. This method is based on the interaction that appears between the driver and the vehicle. The interaction consists of small spontaneous corrections with the steering wheel that in this report is called micro communication. How well the interaction is functioning can be measured in degree of interaction, which shows how well the driver and the truck interact with each other. The interaction between the driver and the vehicle is in this report looked upon as answers and questions with a certain reaction time, which appears with a certain answered question frequency. The differences in the signal’s amplitudes are measured in variation in amplitudes.
Experiments to collect relevant signals have to be conducted in order to investigate the potential with the method of the patent. It is eligible to collect data from a person falling asleep, which implies experiments conducted in a simulator. The experiments are executed in
a simulator, one test when they are alert and one when they are sleep deprived. Tests are also executed in a Scania truck. The purpose with these experiments is to collect data of the subject’s normal driving pattern in a truck and to investigate if it is possible to obtain
acceptable data in a truck.
The sleepiness experiments have indicated that the micro communication takes place in a frequency range of 0.25 to 6.0 Hz. The variables that have been found to detect sleepiness with high reliability are the reaction time and the degree of interaction presented in spectra.
The validation experiments have shown it is possible to collect exact and accurate data from the lateral acceleration and the steering wheel torque. But, there is more noise in the signals from truck then there is in the signals from the simulator.
This method for sleepiness detection has, according to the authors, a great potential. However, more experiments have to be conducted. The authors suggest further sleepiness experiments only conducted during night time. The subjects are sufficiently alert in the beginning of the test to receive data from normal driving behaviour. Physiological measurement could be interesting to have by the side of the subjective assessments as an additional base for comparison.
Benmeziane, Karim. "Etude d'une source ECR d'ions H- pour accélérateurs de forte puissance." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112041.
After a review on the H- ion source and methods allowing the enhancement of their production, the first part of this thesis is dedicated to the ECR ion source diagnostic. We explain the reason why the H- current is so low with such sources (5[mu]A). It is manly due high energy electrons created by a very efficient coupling between the microwave and the electrons. So, it has been decided to use the ECR ion source not as an H- ion source but as an electron provider to inject into a separated chamber. Theoretical and experimental investigations have been done. Then, a hybrid PIC 2D MCC 3D fluid code has been developed. Its aim is to study the effect of an electron injection into a cylindrical gas chamber. Many results have been brought as well as the best injected energy and the electron penetration length efficiency. Thus, an injection of 40 eV electron beam in a length of 3 cm seems to be the most efficiency. This last point has been observed in the experiment which consists in the installation of a polarized grid in the plasma chamber to obtain the two separated chamber. Some methods supposed to increase the source performance have been tried and some have been blown out. Finally an enhancement of a factor 300 has been observed since all modifications. The H- ion current is now higher than 1,4 mA and a high potential of improvement is expected in the future for this new type of source
Renaud, Guillaume. "Mesure de non-linéarités élastiques et dissipatives par interaction d'ondes acoustiques : Application à la quantification du micro-endommagement de l'os trabéculaire." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360281.
osseux. Une densité de fissures importante pourrait détériorer la résistance mécanique
osseuse (RMO). Cependant les causes et les conséquences sur la RMO d'une accumulation
du micro-endommagement osseux sont mal connues. De plus, aucune méthode non invasive
de quantification du niveau d'endommagement osseux existe aujourd'hui.
Dans ce contexte, une méthode de mesure acoustique, localisée et sans contact, basée
sur l'interaction non linéaire (NL) entre une onde acoustique basse-fréquence (BF) et des
impulsions ultrasonores (US) a été développée. Les impulsions US sont émises à une cadence
de tir environ 10 fois supérieure à la fréquence de l'onde BF. Le milieu est alors sondé à
différents états de contrainte tri-axiale, en compression et traction. Les variations du temps
de vol et de l'amplitude (ou de l'énergie) US rendent compte des effets NL acoustiques
respectivement élastiques et dissipatifs. Les effets NL acoustiques élastiques et dissipatifs
augmente généralement avec le niveau d'endommagement.
Après une validation dans l'eau et des solides non endommagés, des mesures dans des
matériaux fissurés et granulaires ont montré la sensibilité de la technique à la présence de
fissures et de contacts entre grains. Enfin son application à l'os trabéculaire du calcanéum a
montré que la zone de faible porosité pouvait produire de fortes non-linéarités acoustiques.
Pour des échantillons endommagés in vitro par fatigue en compression et par compression
quasi-statique, l'amplitude des non-linéarités acoustiques a montré une bonne corrélation
avec l'observation histologique du niveau d'endommagement.
Beldjoudi, Nadir. "Interaction ondes electromagnetiques-polymeres : comportement des resines epoxydes sous rayonnement micro-onde continu ou pulse, application aux composites epoxyde/poudre d'argent." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30006.
Nominé, Alexandre. "Micro-décharges en milieu électrolytique aqueux et leur interaction avec les matériaux : le cas du procédé d'oxydation par plasma électrolytique (PEO)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0154/document.
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is a surface treatment of light metallic alloys (e.g Al, Mg, Ti) that makes possible to grow thick and hard oxide protective coating on those materials. To overcome the limitations of anodizing the PEO process takes benefit of anodic micro-Discharges resulting from the dielectric breakdown in an aqueous electrolyte under a high applied current density or voltage (typ. 20 A/dm2; 700 V). Therefore this work aims first at studying both the macroscopic parameters (breakdown conditions, surface density, lifetime, size) of such micro-Discharges and their behavior, and second to correlate these studies to the growth mechanisms of the oxide coatings within various electrical (applied current waveform) conditions and alkaline electrolyte composition. These coupled studies allowed us to evidence that the transition from arc regime to soft regime (previously determined) corresponds to the growth of a loose spongy silicon-Rich phase which is likely amorphous, inside and around cracks of the pancake structures issued from the dielectric breakdown and composed of crystalline alumina. Meanwhile, analyses of combined PVD + PEO coatings lead us to improve our understanding of some breakdown mechanisms occurring during the PEO process, with a particular attention to the phenomena at the coating-Substrate interface. Finally, a particular study of cathodic micro-Discharges (unusually observed in PEO) allowed us to propose breakdown mechanisms of the dielectric layer during that negative half-Period of the current. Besides it has been shown that those cathodic micro-Discharges are detrimental to the layer growth though the cathodic half-Period of the current is mandatory to improve the coating growth. It is therefore necessary to manage the current waveform to avoid creating such detrimental discharges
Beldjoudi, Nadir. "Interaction ondes électromagnétiques-polymères, comportement des résines époxydes sous rayonnement micro-onde continu ou pulsé application aux composites époxyde/poudre d'argent /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611696b.
Renaud, Guillaume. "Mesure de non-linéarités élastiques et dissipatives par interaction d'ondes acoustiques : application à la quatification du micro-endommagement de l'os trabéculaire." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4012/document.
Micro-cracks are normally generated in bone tissue and resorpted by permanent bone remodeling. A high crack density could a?ect bone strength. But the causes and consequences on bone strength of a microdamage accumulation are badly understood. Moreover no technique is available for noninvasive assessment of the level of bone damage in vivo. In that context, an acoustical method was developed for localized and non-contact measurement of elastic and dissipative nonlinearities, based on the interaction between a low-frequency acoustic pump wave and ultrasound probing pulses. The ultrasound pulses are emitted with a repetition frequency 10 times higher than the low frequency of the pump wave. The medium is thus probed in di?erent states of triaxial stress, successively in tension and in compression. The ultrasound time of ?ight and amplitude (or energy) modulations give access to nonlinear elasticity and dissipation, respectively. The amplitude of acoustic nonlinearities generally increases with the level of damage in materials. After validation in water and undamaged solids, measurements were conducted in cracked and granular media and showed a good sensitivity of the method to the presence of cracks and contacts between grains. Finally its application to calcaneus trabecular bone showed that the low-porosity region can exhibit high acoustic nonlinearities. Furthermore, for mechanically damaged samples, either in compressive fatigue or in quasi-static compression, the amplitude of acoustic nonlinearities were well correlated with the level of damage observed by histology
Lin, Yuan. "Modeling of dielectrophoresis in micro and nano systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Mekanik, Mechanics, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4784.
Taylor, Roberta E. "Being clouds, pulling teeth and using their breadloaves : a multimodal micro-analysis of instantiations of child-to-child interaction in classroom contexts." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14655/.
Chahat, Nacer. "Antenne, propagation et interaction avec le corps pour les applications de type réseaux corporels sans fil en micro-ondes et en millimétrique." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S079.
Recent progress in miniaturization of communicating devices and design of smart networks has triggered increased interest to body area networks (BAN) having a very strong potential for near future applications including military, personal healthcare, sport, space, entertainment, smart home, etc. This increasing attention to BAN and PAN (Personal Area Networks) applications has led to the development of textile sensors that can be easily integrated into clothes and to the buildup of high-data-rate wireless devices. The PhD thesis project has two main objectives. First, several microwave textile antennas have been optimized and fabricated to evaluate the interaction with the human body. The impact of the human body on the antenna performance is of great importance since it can directly impact the efficiency of on-body devices and global performances of the system. The power absorption in the body was also studied using realistic body models with different morphologies. Second, the unlicensed 57-64 GHz band have been studied in the wireless BAN context since it provides several advantages compared to microwave BAN. In particular, very high data rates can be reached (up to 5 Gb/s) whilst providing high level of security and low interference with adjacent networks. Besides, the on-body devices are much smaller at millimeter waves compared to those operating at microwaves
Damiani, David. "Interaction laser-materiaux : applications au dépôt de couches minces supra-conductrices à haute température critique et au micro-usinage de divers materiaux." Limoges, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIMO0125.
Just, Xavier. "Interaction entre arc et matière granulaire lors d’une coupure ultra-rapide dans un fusible." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI080/document.
This work is part of a project called Environmentally and Economically Effective Fuses (FE2E) driven by the Mersen company. The studied fuses are silver blades embedded in agglomerated silica sand. In case of short circuit, an electric arc appears in shrinked parts (“notches”) of silver blades. The structure formed after the cut (fulgurite) consists in an arc channel surrounded by amorphous silica. Extremely fast cuts (less than 100 microseconds) have been poorly studied.After a bibliographical review, an experimental work was performed to understand how the arc power is absorbed by the surrounding material. Power cuts observations using in situ radiography performed at the ESRF allowed to establish links between fulgurite formation phenomena and electric measurements. Observations and measurements led to correlations between volume, nature and structure of the insulating mass generated during the power cut and electrical characteristics of the arc. In particular, these measurements provided characteristic sizes and shapes for heat affected zones during power cuts at high di/dtNumerical models were developed on this basis for describing the arc channel formation and determining the role of silica sand containment. 1D then 2D axisymmetric geometries were used. The electric arc was considered as a power source and the sand as an equivalent continuous medium. Two extreme cases were tested: when the vaporized material was confined to a closed arc channel and when it escapeed immediately from the arc channel. The results helped identify the consequences of gas containment in the arc channel during power cut.Modeling vs experience correlations led to a simple model which gives information for optimizing new fuses. Some phenomena to be taken into account in future works have been identified, such as the liquid silica penetration and gas flow in the granular packing and the early stages of arc formation
Santos, Fabiana Borges Teixeira dos. "Corporate governance in economic development : a micro-macro interaction perspective for a new approach to the theory of the firm in developing countries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612437.
Jia, Rongfang. "Dynamic Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Interaction: Contribution of Parents’ and Infants’ Facial Affect and Prediction from Depression, Empathy and Temperament." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397809199.
Nilsson, Rebecka. "Designing an Interactive Micro-Learning Application : A New Way to Learn Thermography." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451072.
Mikroinlärning är ett koncept bestående av små delar av fokuserade och komprimerade lärandeaktiviteter som kan utföras på olika enheter. Mikroinlärning har visats sig vara ett effektivt sätt för att stärka långtidsminnet. Detta examensarbete utforskar mikroinlärning som koncept, hur termografi kan läras ut med hjälp av mikroinlärning samt hur en mikroinlärningsapplikation kan designas för att främja lärandet av termografi. Detta projekt genomfördes i samarbete med FLIR Systems AB som vill utveckla deras nuvarande utbildningserbjudande och undersöka mikroinlärning som ett alternativ. Målet med detta examensarbete var att designa och testa en interaktiv prototyp av en mikroinlärningsapplikation för att lära sig termografi. Semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes för att definiera målgruppen för applikationen och prototypen testades och utvärderades av testpersoner från målgruppen. Användartestet och utvärderingen visade att alla testdeltagare skulle använda en mikroinlärningsapplikation för att lära sig termografi om det fanns tillgängligt på marknaden. Tre av fyra testdeltagare skulle känna sig mer motiverade att lära sig termografi med hjälp av en mikroinlärningsapplikation jämfört med andra sätt att lära sig.
Grébert, Arnaud. "Simulation numérique aux grandes échelles du contrôle de l'interaction onde de choc/couche limite au moyen de micro-générateurs de vortex." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0046.
Because it is ubiquitous in high Mach number internal and external flow of interest in aeronauticalapplications, shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction (SBLI) is characterised by alow-frequency unsteadiness which generates large wall-pressure fluctuations that can occur at theresonant frequency of the structures. This work is devoted to the study of passive flow controldevices such as microramp vortex generators (mVGs) to alleviate these detrimental effects of SBLI.Large-eddy simulations (LES) have been performed based on an experimental configurationby Wang et al. (2012) of a SBLI under the influence of microramps at a Mach number ofM = 2.7 and a Reynolds number of Re× = 3600. The use of microramps has been shown toenable a reorganisation of the recirculation zone by breaking the spanwise homogeneity of theinteraction, yielding to a change of the reflected shock foot back and forth motion along the span.Additional simulations on three new configurations allowed to assess the effectiveness of microrampsin controlling the SBLI by comparing reduced size mVGs with more conventional ones
El, Alaoui-Faris Yacine. "Modélisation et contrôle optimal de micro-nageurs magnétiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4094.
Robotic micro-swimmers are able to perform small-scale operations such astargeted drug delivery, and minimally invasive medical diagnosis and surgery.However, efficient actuation of these robots becomes more challenging as their size decreases. Hence, wireless actuation is preferable over built-in actuation sources, one of the most popular strategies is the magnetization of parts of the swimmer and its actuation with an external magnetic field. In this thesis, we focus on flexible magnetic micro-swimmers that are similar to spermatozoa in their design and flagellar propulsion. Our goal is to use numerical modeling and optimal control tools to improve the performance of existing swimmers made at the ISIR laboratory (Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique) and to propose a numerical control design method for experimental flexible micro-swimmers.Firstly, a simplified 3D dynamic model of a flexible swimmer has been developed, based on the approximation of hydrodynamic forces and the discretization of the curvature and elasticity of the tail of the swimmer. By fitting the hydrodynamic and elastic parameters of our model accordingly, we are able to obtain propulsion characteristics (mainly the frequency response of the swimmer) close to those experimentally measured. Secondly, we numerically solve the optimal control problem of finding the actuating magnetic fields that maximize the propulsion speed of the experimental swimmer under constraints on the control that reflect the constraints physically imposed on the magnetic field. The optimal magnetic fields found via numerical optimization are then implemented in the ISIR experimental setup in order to benchmark the experimental performance of the computed controls and the ability of the model to predict the trajectories of the experimental swimmer
Deganello, Juliana. "Avaliação da contribuição dos hormônios vegetais na interação Moniliophthora perniciosa x Solanum lycopersicum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-20092013-095938/.
Witches\' broom disease is a major disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao), caused by the basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, characterized by symptoms, such as tissue swelling and induction of lateral buds in infected branches. Cacao resistance mechanisms against M. perniciosa remain unknown, and the long lifecycle of such species impairs the study of the interaction. Moniliophthora perniciosa S-biotype- isolates infect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and the miniature cultivar \'Micro-Tom\' (MT) is a potential genetic model for the study of plant and pathogen interaction. Evaluation of this model started with the characterization of symptoms in MT plants inoculated with S-biotype isolates. Symptoms evaluated were stem swelling and the development of lateral broom. Through histological characterization of the interaction by scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to observe the preferential germination of basidiospores in the base of trichomes, with penetration points through wounds or directly through the epidermis. Increase in cellular volume in infected tissues was observed by light microscopy, and the colonization of the intercellular region by the fungus was detected through transmission electron microscopy, with the formation of an extracellular matrix involving the hypha. The contribution of plant hormones during pathogenesis was evaluated through the use of mutants and transgenic plants on the \'Micro-Tom\' background with alterations in hormonal biosynthetic pathways or perception/signaling. The hormonal classes and genotypes evaluated were for brassinosteroids (curl3), auxin (diageotropica), ethylene (epinastic and Never ripe), abiscisic acid (notabilis); gibberellin (procera); jasmonic acid (jasmonic acid insensitive 1e prosistemina); cytokinins (CKX2) and silicic acid (NahG). The genotypes epinastic, notabilis, procera e jasmonic acid insensitive 1 behaved as being more susceptible to M. perniciosa infection when compared to MT, while the remaining mutants were less susceptible, suggesting that the reduction in susceptibility to M. perniciosa might be related to the increase in jasmonate levels (JA), in the opposite to the levels of salicylate, which seems to increase together with the increase of symptomatic plants. Cross infection with biotype-C isolates was characterized in MT, hormonal mutants and transgenic plants, however typical symptoms of the disease were not observed in any of the genotypes inoculated. Genes involved in plant response and defense were evaluated for expression levels by RT-qPCR in the interaction between M. perniciosa S-and C-biotype with MT . After inoculation with S-biotype, the largest number of genes were up-regulated 48 h after inoculation, followed by a peak at the 120 h sampling. On the other hand, for C-biotype inoculation, gene induction started 48 h after inoculation, but the largest number of transcripts was detected after 72 hours. Hormonal mutants (jasmonic acid insensitive 1 and curl3) and transgenic plants (prosistemina and NahG) were also assessed for expression levels of genes related to plant response and defense. Both transgenic genotypes which behaved less susceptible to the disease showed up-regulation of a proteinase inhibitor typically signaled by JA pathway, corroborating the hypothesis that the reduction of the number of plants infected by M. perniciosa may be related to the jasmonic acid pathway
Liu, Zhen. "Reconstruction and Control of Tip Position and Dynamic Sensing of Interaction Force for Micro-Cantilever to Enable High Speed and High Resolution Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1483629656167247.
Wei, Linkai. "Development of a new steam explosion model for the MC3D software." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0097.
The steam explosion is one of the most critical and complex phenomena that may occur during severe accident in a Nuclear Power Plant. The MC3D computer code is recognized as reference for the evaluation of this phenomenon. This explosive phenomenon is analogous to a detonation. The explosion is due to the fragmentation of the molten fuel, the passage of the shock wave and the very fast release of the associated energy. However, the precise mechanisms of the process of pressurization are very uncertain and have been the subject of works carried out under the program RSNR-ICE (2014-2023), which led to an increased understanding of general phenomenology and validated the general principle of MC3D, based on a principle of direct boiling around the surface of the corium fragments via a film boiling mechanism. However, it appears that the fragmentation processes seem, under certain conditions, to be achieved without a significant dispersion of the fragments in the water, which is contrary to what presupposes the current MC3D model. The aim of the thesis is to propose an improved modeling of the explosion for MC3D, combining the current principle of direct boiling and fuel-coolant interaction localized in a small volume around the corium drops and fragments. Following an extensive bibliography of the steam explosion phenomenon, a detailed analysis of the behavior of the current MC3D model is performed, using a simple and ideal test-case. Despite the simplicity of the data set, the analysis can be directly applied to experiments with one-dimensional geometry such as KROTOS. The crucial role of initial and created void is highlighted; It also suggests the first outlines of a new model. The Basilisk software was then used to perform DNS simulations to get details of fragmentation and association heat transfers. Comprehensive analysis about fragmentation regimes, statistics including Sauter Mean Diameter and Probability Density Function of fragment mass/area, the transient Nusselt number and drag coefficient were conducted. At the same time, results for the same test-case using MC3D are compared with that of Basilisk, highlighting the need of modification of MC3D model. Finally, the main lines of a proposed new model are presented and discussed. Those that could be directly validated from the DNS results were implemented in the current MC3D version. This concerns in particular the introduction of a Non-Equilibrium Micro-Interaction (NEMI), The other proposals concerning the behavior of the void may be implemented in the future version (V4) of the code