Дисертації з теми "Micro-Instabilités"
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Abaidi, Mohamed. "Instabilités morphologiques de micro-capsules en suspension libre dans un écoulement complexe." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0120.
Wautier, Antoine. "Analyse micro-inertielle des instabilités mécaniques dans les milieux granulaires, application à l'érosion interne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0289/document.
Dikes are most of the time built of compacted granular materials that are permeable and continuously subjected to internal fluid flows. In some cases, microstructure modifications resulting from internal erosion generate mechanical instability that will lead to unexpected failures in case of serious flooding. This thesis focuses on multi-scale analysis of mechanical instability in granular materials subjected to internal erosion. In this work, the mechanical behavior of such materials is simulated in three dimensions at the scale of representative elementary volumes subjected to different stress states and hydraulic gradients. Thanks to the use of the second order work criterion and micromechanical tools, the mechanical stability of these materials is tested before and after internal erosion. It is established that the micro-inertial origin of the observed instabilities is linked to force chain deconfinement and bending as well as to the development of large plastic strains resulting from force chain collapse. By preventing the development of such plastic strains, it is shown that rattlers contribute to ensure the mechanical stability of granular materials. This key finding is of a particular significance in relation with internal erosion as rattlers can be easily transported under the action of an internal fluid flow. Depending on whether they get clogged or eroded, an internal fluid flow has thus either a stabilizing or a destabilizing effect on the mechanical behavior of granular materials subjected to internal erosion
Kitenbergs, Guntars. "Instabilités hydrodynamiques de fluides magnétiques en écoulements microfluidiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066311/document.
Magnetic field induced instabilities of magnetic fluids in microfluidic environment are investigated experimentally. Electrically stabilized water-based magnetic nanocolloids are used and throughout characterized.Magnetic micro-convection, observed at a miscible magnetic fluid-water interface in a Hele-Shaw cell in homogeneous field, is studied quantitatively and compared with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations, micro-convective flows being characterized by particle image velocimetry. Besides the critical field determination, it is shown that an increase of the magnetic field H speeds up the finger growth, which scales as H2, while the size of the fingering pattern is not changed. An application towards mixing enhancement in microfluidics is considered.The micro-convection study reveals a much larger effective diffusion coefficient of the nanoparticles than expected from Stokes - Einstein relation and standard determinations. Investigations with the same setup and with continuous microfluidics show that the effective diffusion mostly arises from a flow induced by the density difference between the miscible fluids. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient seems to be influenced by the particle stabilizing agents.Drops of a concentrated magnetic phase in co-existence with a dilute one are formed by phase separation after salt addition to the magnetic fluid and/or the application of a magnetic field. Their under-field shape deformations allow investigating the time evolution of the concentrated phase. Experiments show that in a precessing field at magic angle, the drops behave as in a rotating field except the initial shape deformation before quick elongation
Prioul, Mathieu. "Etude expérimentale des propulseurs de type Hall : processus collisionnels, comportement dynamique, micro-instabilités et phénomènes de transport." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2058.
Pravda-Starov, Karel. "Etude du pseudo-spectre d'opérateurs non auto-adjoints." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109895.
Manceau, Jean-Philippe. "Etude du phénomène de relaxation diélectrique dans les capacités Métal-Isolant-Métal." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281081.
Camara, Abdoulaye. "Instabilités transverses et auto-organisation dans un nuage d'atomes froids. Gap labelling dans les quasi-cristaux bidimensionnels." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4080/document.
First, I present our feedback experiment leading to the spontaneous formation of patterns in the cross section of a laser beam passing through a cloud of cold 87Rb atoms and retroreflected by a mirror. In these experiments we were able to identify three mechanisms of nonlinearity: the spin nonlinearity associated with the Zeeman degrees of freedom, the electronic nonlinearity due to the saturation of a two-level atom and the optomechanical nonlinearity due to the spatial bunching of atoms by the dipole force. The instabilities corresponding to each nonlinear mechanism occurs in different range of the experimental parameters and can be selected and studied independently. The experimental observations are compared with various theoretical models. In the second part of the thesis, I present our study of the integrated density of states (IDOS) and the local density of states (LDOS) of the bands of a two-dimensional quasicrystal. In an experiment conducted at Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), we realized quasicrystals by disposing dielectric resonators operating in the microwave regime on 2D Penrose tiling. A numerical model including experimental parameters is used to compare to the experimental findings
Roland, Caroline. "Formation de micro-jets depuis des défauts de surface dans des échantillons métalliques soumis à des chocs laser." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0025/document.
When a dense material is subjected to a dynamic load (such as projectile impact, explosive detonation or irradiation by a high energy laser beam), a shock wave propagates from the loaded surface. If this shock wave interacts with a free surface with geometrical defects such as grooves, scratches or cavities, it can lead to the ejection of micrometric debris with typical velocities of a few km/s. Understanding this microjetting process is a key issue for many applications, including shielding design, pyrotechnics, high-speed machining and Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments.In this work in collaboration with the CEA-DIF at Bruyères-le-Châtel, this phenomenon is studied under laser-driven shock loading in four materials (Aluminum, Tin, Copper and Lead) with calibrated grooves of two types: isolated triangular profile with controlled aperture half-angles (20°, 30° and 45°) or periodic sinusoidal shape. The influences of the material, of the geometry of the defects, of the shock pressure and of the state of matter (solid or melted under shock or release wave) on the ballistic properties of the ejecta (jet velocity, size distribution and areal mass of the debris constituting the jet) are investigated with three complementary approaches: experimental, theoretical and numerical.The experimental study involves several campaigns performed at the LULI2000 facility of the Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau) and complementary diagnostic techniques: Transverse Shadowgraphy, Heterodyne Velocimetry, fast in situ X-ray radiography, recovery of the ejecta in a gel followed by microtomography. The results are compared with theoretical predictions (2D shocks and shaped charges hydrodynamics for the triangular grooves, Richtmyer-Meshkov Instabilities for the sinusoidal grooves). Then, numerical simulations are performed with the Radioss code with two complementary approaches: the Lagrangian Finite Elements and the SPH (Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics) formulation, still very scarcely applied to microjetting, more empirical than the first approach but more suitable to the high strains in the jets and allowing access to size distributions of the debris
Gaied, Lamia. "Influence de la rugosité de surfaces de parois sur les instabilités hydrodynamiques d'un écoulement de Couette-Taylor et de Couette-Taylor-Poiseuille." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0018.
This work deals with a numerical and experimental study of the Couette-Taylor flow where the geometry contains rough surfaces, in order to detect the effect of these irregularities on the hydrodynamic instabilities. Firstly, we carried out a 3D mumerical simulation study (CFD) in the case of a Couette-Taylor flow without axial flow, but using several types of surface roughness: isotropic roughness (micro-roughness), anisotropic roughness (macro-roughness) and variation of the amplitude as well as the type of macro-roughness. The obtained results clearly show the effect of this roughness on the reorganization of the flow and the development of the hydrodynamic instabilities. Secondly, we were interested to carry out an experimental study of Couette-Taylor-Poiseuille flows, with and without axial flow by using two protocols (direct and reverse). Indeed, the superposition of an axial flow (Poiseuille) with a Couette-Taylor flow can have a significant effect on the reorganization of the basic and already known hydrodynamic instabilities, constituted by Taylor cells. Therefore, the presence of an axial flow can generate the development of vortices or their breakup or disappearance, and can move the Taylor vortices in the same direction or the opposite direction of the imposed axial flow. Experimentally, we started with a qualitative study by visualizing the hydrodynamic instabilities thanks to kalliroscope particles. Thereafter, a quantitative study using PIV and polarography was carried out in order to characterize the flow regimes of the first instabilities (TVF, WVF, MWVF and TN) with or without axial flow. The polarographic method, using simple circular probes, was then used to quantify the local and instantaneous wall shear stress. The PIV allowed to study the WVF, MWVF and turbulent regimes. Different vortices’ detection criteria (vorticity ω and Q criterion) were then developed and used to correctly identify the turbulent structures
Cannizzo, Andrea. "Mécanique statistique et thermodynamique de l'adhésion, des transformations de phase et de la rupture dans les micro et nanosystèmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0027.
Micro-instability and multi-stability phenomena play a key role in various mechanical and physical systems, both artificial and biological. As such, their understanding is addressed in a wide field of studies, with many practical and theoretical applications. The modeling of the temperature effect on micro-instabilities, appearing in different artificial and biological phenomena, allows the validation of the statistical mechanics for small systems, through the comparison with experimental data obtained using force spectroscopy and micromechanical testing, thus providing useful insights on the responses induced by applied forces or elongations. These analyses are particularly important in the study of all the systems that present two (or more) metastable states such as the adhesion/deadhesion processes, the phase transformations (e.g. the folding/unfolding and pseudo-elastic phenomena), and the cracks and fractures propagation in nano- and micro-scale systems. For example, the temperature strongly influences the phase transformation features of pseudo-elastic nanowires used as actuators and sensors in nanotechnology or modifies the adhesion properties of metastatic cells in cancer invasion processes. The force-extension or stress-strain response is one of the main useful features to understand the effects of micro-instabilities and, in order to be analytically obtained, one needs to evaluate the system partition function, which is the essential tool of statistical mechanics. Hence, the complex potential energy landscape of the problem under investigation is approximated using the spin variables technique, introducing a discrete quantity able to identify the different potential energy wells. The first part of this thesis addresses the state of the art, the open problems, the motivations, and the description of the adopted methodologies. The following part shows how commonly different physical phenomena can be studied by the same modeling approach
Malleville, Marie-Alicia. "Évaluation du potentiel des fibres apériodiques à très large aire modale pour la réalisation de sources laser impulsionnelles." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0009.
These Ph.D work is conducted in the context of a long-term collaboration between Xlim laboratory and the company EOLITE Systems in order to develop new large mode area fibers typically capable of providing up to 200 W of average output power and a peak power of 1 MW while maintaining a transverse single-mode emission at 1030 nm. For that purpose, optical fibers with an aperiodic microstructuration (FA-LPF) were developed in order to improve the performances of commercial fibers, mainly by pushing further the transverse mode instabilities power threshold. An unprecedented experimental study has been conducted to investigate the influence of the fiber structure, the laser source architecture and the mode field diameter. Furthermore, by replacing the commercial fiber by a FA-LPF in an industrial laser prototype, as a proof-of-concept, the FA-LPF permits to obtain a laser source with at least similar properties as those of the laser sources of the company regarding the laser efficiency or the lifetime test. The feasibility of a microstructured fiber shorter and still efficient (50 cm-long), has also been studied, by increasing the ytterbium ions concentration in the FA-LPF core or by improving the core to clad ratio. Finally, a new concept of fiber with a depressed-index core led to core diameters higher than 110 μm while maintaining a transverse single-mode emission
Barber, Jacqueline Claire. "Etude expérimentale des écoulements et des transferts de chaleur lors de l'ébullition convective en micro-canaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11063.
Boiling in microchannels is a very efficient mode of heat transfer with high heat and mass transfer coefficients achieved. Less pumping power is required for two-phase flows than for single-phase liquid flows to achieve a given heat removal. Applications include electronics cooling such as cooling microchips in laptop computers, and process intensification with compact evaporators and heat exchangers. Evaporation of the liquid meniscus is the main contributor to the high heat fluxes achieved due to phase change at thin liquid films in a microchannel. The microscale hydrodynamic motion at the meniscus and the flow boiling heat transfer mechanisms in microchannels are not fully understood and are very different from those in macroscale flows. Flow instability phenomena are noted as the bubble diameter approaches the channel diameter. These instabilities need to be well understood and predicted due to their adverse effects on the heat transfer. A fundamental approach to the study of two-phase flow boiling in microchannels has been carried out. Simultaneous visualisation and hydrodynamic measurements were carried out investigating flow boiling instabilities in microchannels using two different working fluids (n-Pentane and FC-72). Rectangular, borosilicate microchannels of hydraulic diameter range 700-800 μm were used. The novel heating method, via electrical resistance through a transparent, metallic deposit on the microchannel walls, has enabled simultaneous heating and visualisation to be achieved. Images and video sequences have been recorded with both a high-speed camera and an IR camera. Bubble dynamics, bubble confinement and elongated bubble growth have been shown and correlated to the temporal pressure fluctuations. Both periodic and nonperiodic instabilities have been observed during flow boiling in the microchannel. Analysis of the IR images in conjunction with pressure drop readings, have allowed the correlation of the microchannel pressure drop to the wall temperature profile, during flow instabilities. Bubble size is an important parameter when understanding boiling characteristics and the dynamic bubble phenomena. In this thesis it has been demonstrated that the flow passage geometry and microchannel confinement effects have a significant impact on boiling, bubble generation and bubble growth during flow boiling in microchannels
Nacereddine, Rabia. "Intéractions de structures localisées dans un écoulement pariétal : nouveau mécanisme de transition by-pass." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10079.
The interaction between two localized disturbances is analyzed in a subcritical channel flow through direct numerical simulations. The initial perturbations are of the form of two pairs of counter rotating vortices. One of them interacts with the wall normal vorticity layers set-up near the wall, by compressing or stretching locally part of them through the straining motion it induces. The breakdown of spanwise symmetry leads to the rapid development of a new wall normal vorticity patch that is tilted by the shear and rolls up into a new small-scale streamwise vortex. The process results in a localized turbulent spot at later stages of development. A detailed analysis is carried out to determine the role of different parameters entering in the physics of the mechanism. Several critical thresholds that trigger the interactive bypass transition process are found and analyzed. The similitude parameters resulting from the parametric investigation coincide well with those governing the self-sustaining Reynolds shear stress producing eddies in the buffer layer of a fully developed turbulent wall flow. Tt is suggested that the mechanism we propose may play some role in the regeneration cycle of the near wall turbulence generating structures by precisely bypassing the three-dimensional streak instability mechanism. Based on these results, an active micro-mixing strategy through forcing the flow by synthetic wall jets is proposed. The feasibilitv of this strategy is shown through direct numerical simulations of high spatial and temporal resolution
Wei, Linkai. "Development of a new steam explosion model for the MC3D software." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0097.
The steam explosion is one of the most critical and complex phenomena that may occur during severe accident in a Nuclear Power Plant. The MC3D computer code is recognized as reference for the evaluation of this phenomenon. This explosive phenomenon is analogous to a detonation. The explosion is due to the fragmentation of the molten fuel, the passage of the shock wave and the very fast release of the associated energy. However, the precise mechanisms of the process of pressurization are very uncertain and have been the subject of works carried out under the program RSNR-ICE (2014-2023), which led to an increased understanding of general phenomenology and validated the general principle of MC3D, based on a principle of direct boiling around the surface of the corium fragments via a film boiling mechanism. However, it appears that the fragmentation processes seem, under certain conditions, to be achieved without a significant dispersion of the fragments in the water, which is contrary to what presupposes the current MC3D model. The aim of the thesis is to propose an improved modeling of the explosion for MC3D, combining the current principle of direct boiling and fuel-coolant interaction localized in a small volume around the corium drops and fragments. Following an extensive bibliography of the steam explosion phenomenon, a detailed analysis of the behavior of the current MC3D model is performed, using a simple and ideal test-case. Despite the simplicity of the data set, the analysis can be directly applied to experiments with one-dimensional geometry such as KROTOS. The crucial role of initial and created void is highlighted; It also suggests the first outlines of a new model. The Basilisk software was then used to perform DNS simulations to get details of fragmentation and association heat transfers. Comprehensive analysis about fragmentation regimes, statistics including Sauter Mean Diameter and Probability Density Function of fragment mass/area, the transient Nusselt number and drag coefficient were conducted. At the same time, results for the same test-case using MC3D are compared with that of Basilisk, highlighting the need of modification of MC3D model. Finally, the main lines of a proposed new model are presented and discussed. Those that could be directly validated from the DNS results were implemented in the current MC3D version. This concerns in particular the introduction of a Non-Equilibrium Micro-Interaction (NEMI), The other proposals concerning the behavior of the void may be implemented in the future version (V4) of the code
Annovazzi, Alicia. "Contribution à l'étude - interaction laser-matière à différentes pressions résiduelles : Application au procédé micro-fusion laser sur lit de poudre." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA024.
The laser beam melting (LBM) and electron beam melting (EBM) processes are two additive manufacturing technologies allowing the production of metallic parts. The intense energy density provided by the power supply is sufficient in order to melt the material creating a molten pool, and will solidify after cooling. This change of phase which takes place in a very short time, induced complexthermodynamics phenomena. Each of the processes offer advantages that could be interesting to be combined. Hence, a combination of the two technologies has been investigated. The EBM process requiring a rough vacuum in the work chamber, the issue of this work is based on the study of the laser melting at low pressure. Besides the intended combination, the selective laser melting under vacuum pressure can be attractive with the aim of improving the material integrity, in particular on the oxygen-sensitive materials. However, a clear decrease of the process efficiency has been observed. This work includes two parts: a) Firstly, an experimental study of samples fabricability at different pressures conditions is observed. For the same manufacturing parameters, a significant decrease of samples densification is observed in rough vacuum. The parameters volumetric energy density and the laser displacement speed have to beadapted in function of the chamber pressure. b) The second part is an attempt to explain the molten pool motion which change depending on the pressure. This can be achieved with a fast cam allowing the observations of strong instabilities in the powder bed with the denudation zone, and the molten pool with the morphology, for specific laser parameters. These phenomena are more important for residual pressures under 30 mbar. Then, a powder bed pre-sintering for the purpose of ”in-situ” annealing of the materials studied, has shown the beneficial effect during the interaction laser-powder under vacuum. Improvement melt quality and increased manufacturing efficiency have beenachieved
Vu, Thanh Long. "Modélisations et simulations numériques d'écoulements d'air dans des milieux micro poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679375.
Diallo, Souleymane. "Utilisation des non-linéarités Kerr et Brillouin dans les résonateurs à mode de galerie cristallins pour la synthèse de micro-ondes." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2028/document.
Whispering galery mode resonators are dielectric cavities that support modes with ultra-high quality factor and small volume that remain confined in their inner periphery for time duratioons that can be as long as few microseconds. The strong confinement of these modes for such long durations strongly enhances nonlinear effect suchs as Kerr effect or Brillouin effect. These resonators can therefore be used for several applications such as spectroscopy, telecommunications or microwave generation. The objective of this thesis is to use Kerr and Brillouin nonlinearities in these resonators at the laser wavelength of 1550 nm, in order to generate high spectral purity microwave signals with frequencies rangong fros 5 to 30 GHz. The first chapter oh the thesis intriduces the theory, fabrication, coupling and characterisation of whispering gallery mode resonators. The second chapter is about the generation of Kerr optical frequency combs in these resonators and their application to the generation of microwave signals. We present our experimental resuktsdn the numerical modelling of Kerr combs, the analysis of oscillatory instabilities (due to thermal effect) observed during our experiments, and conclue. The third chapter concerns photon-phonon interactions via stimulated Brillouin scattering in these resonators and their application to the generation of microwave signals. We present our experimental results and the temporal model that we developed to track the dynamics of the forward and backscattered fields. The last chapter conclude the thesis. The research presented in this thesis has benne funded by the European Research Council through the project Nextphase
Nouri, Abdallah, and A. Alemany. "ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DES FORCES MAGNETIQUES SUR L'HYDRODYNAMIQUE ET LE TRANSFERT DE MATIERE EN ELECTROCHIMIE." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573097.