Дисертації з теми "Micro-générateurs"
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Trioux, Emilie. "Micro-générateurs piézoélectriques pour des applications de récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT116/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis focuses on the thermal energy harvesting at microscale to propose an alternative to thermoelectric materials. The aim is to conceive, fabricate and characterize a microscopic harvester to take profit of the increase of thermal exchanges and oscillation frequencies with the downscaling. It is based on a double-step transduction: thermo-mecanical one thanks to the thermal buckling of a bilayer plate initially curved, and piezoelectric.Rectangular structures of different sizes composed of AlN and Al have been fabricated and characterized. The transverse curvature of the rectangular plate being to high, optimized structures having a butterfly shape have also been fabricated and characterized
Le, Scornec Julien. "Micro-générateurs aéroélectriques flexibles pour l’auto-alimentation de capteurs communicants." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4039.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of the Internet of Things has rendered the ambient energy harvesting a major issue for powering communicating microsystems. In this context, this work focuses on the development of a flexible piezoelectric micro-generator able to convert the mechanical energy from low airflows. The objective is to develop autonomous microsystems, or at least to extend their lifespan with energy harvesting. To harvest ambient energy, the flexible micro-generators are made of 3 μm-thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films encapsulated between polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. The manufacturing process of the micro-generators has been optimized in order to increase their energy efficiency. Both the optimization of the electrode structure and the geometry of the generator made the maximum harvested power increase by a factor of 625. In this work, to characterize the energy harvesting, the micro-generators were excited with different systems (shaker, traction/compression system and wind tunnel). Thus, wind tunnel tests have shown that it was possible to harvest a power of 38 μW at 10 Hz when the generator was subjected to a low airflow (6 m/s). This generator allowed to power a communicating temperature sensor during several measurement/data transmission cycles
Bel-Hadj, Ibrahim. "Conception de micro-générateurs thermoélectriques planaires intégrant une topologie de thermopile 2.5D." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2022/2022ULILN005.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe tremendous growth of applications related to recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) requires the development of new solutions for harvesting/scavenging the environmental energy to power microsystems. The abundance of heat in our environment allows thermal energy harvesting devices to be one of the solutions. In this work, we have developed a family of planar micro-thermoelectric generators (µTEG), integrating a novel 2.5D thermopile topology periodically folded and distributed on multi-membrane, capable of converting heat directly into useful electrical energy. This thermopile, with high integration density, uses thermocouples based on metallic thermoelectric materials (Chromel and Constantan), electrically associated either in series or in parallel, allowing to reduce drastically the internal electrical resistance of these µTEGs to a few tens of Ohms. A 3D thermal modelling in COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to design the optimal dimensions of the modules so they would deliver the maximum output power. The fabrication of these devices is made by low-cost CMOS-compatible processes, using non-polluting, abundant and environmentally friendly materials. Deep reactive ionic etching (DRIE) of Silicon wafers is used to release membranes with adjustable lengths allowing to adapt the thermal resistance of these µTEGs to their environment. The devices realized in IEMN clean room, have been characterized using specific measurement benches developed for this purpose. The harvesting of one Watt of heat leads to thermo-generated electrical powers of a few hundred microwatts. This ranks these new 2.5D µTEGs among the best state-of-the-art µ-modules using metallic thermoelectrics
Huet, Florian. "Développement de structures hybrides électromécaniques pour micro-sources d'énergie : générateurs piézoélectriques linéaires et non linéaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA029/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe implementation of wireless sensor nodes in industrial installations, transport or building is a potential route to increase the performances of these systems.By a proper supervision and exploitation of the collected information (temperature, vibratory level, humidity, etc.) the reliability and the energy performances can be increased. With the regular reduction of the power requirements for new generations of wireless sensors nodes, a strong scientific interest to develop autonomous power supply has raised.In this framework, a specific research topic appeared about ten years ago: ambient energy harvesting.The present work investigates the performances of an original micro-generator architecture for vibration energy harvesting: the “Hybrid Fluid Diaphragm” (HFD).The concept of HFD consists in encapsulating an incompressible fluid between two flexible membranes. The fluid behaves as an inertial mass which leads to a resonant frequency suitable for ambient vibrations whose spectrum is usually lower than a few hundred Hertz.These membranes are made of P(VDF-TrFE), a piezoelectric polymer, and are designed to ensure the optimal conversion of the mechanical solicitations (flexion/stretch) into electrical energy.A multiphysic modeling which integrates the fluid, the mechanical and the electric coupled behaviors is proposed.The realization and the characterization of two HFD's generators are detailed.A first prototype implements single layer piezoelectric membranes, whereas a second one uses optimized double layer membranes.The generated power appears to be sufficient to consider the power supply of wireless sensor nodes operating in intermittent transmitting mode. The very simple geometry of the proposed generators is favorable to their integration in realistic applications
El, Oualid Soufiane. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la caractérisation de générateurs thermoélectriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0104.
Повний текст джерелаThe Internet of Thing (IoT) is currently being intensively explored in the electronic industry. IoT is an extension of Internet connectivity into physical end everyday-life objects which will be able to communicate and interact with each other’s. Most of these connected objects are powered by batteries that need to be regularly switched or recharged. Faced with a strong announced growth of their number in coming years, the search for novel alternative, autonomous power supplies that convert surrounding available energy into electricity becomes essential. Among energy harvesting technologies, thermoelectricity is advantageous due to its simplicity, reliability, the absence of moving parts and greenhouse gas emissions. All these favorable characteristics make thermoelectric converters possible candidates for powering or recharging batteries of connected objects. In this context, my PhD work was done within the frame of the European project EnSO («Energy for Smart Objects»). Numerical studies with the software Comsol Multiphysics were performed on innovative planar micro-generators developed by the Mahle company, one of the partners of this project. The main objective of this work was to achieve a better understanding of the influence of numerous parameters (geometry, boundary conditions in terms of temperature and flux, electrical and thermal properties of the active materials) on their thermoelectric performances (output power and efficiency). In particular, we have underlined the critical role played by the electrical and thermal contact resistances on the output power. A second part of this study has been devoted to the experimental development of miniaturized thermoelectric generators capable of delivering high output power density through the integration of skutterudite materials. Several brazes have been tested during the assembly operations of the thermoelectric modules. The characterization of the module performances (25-500°C) combined with numerical calculations have been used as a guidance for optimizing the fabrication process. This work culminated in the successful fabrication of a thermoelectric module with a record-breaking power density of 3,3 W/cm2 achieved under a temperature difference of 450 K
Li, Peng. "Formalisme pour la supervision des systèmes hybrides multi-sources de générateurs d'énergie répartie : application à la gestion d'un micro réseau." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577099.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Peng. "Formalisme pour la supervision des systèmes hybrides multi-sources de générateurs d’énergie répartie : application à la gestion d’un micro réseau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаA microgrid is a promising future network architecture which is coupling the various generators and consumers in a distribution network. This hybrid multi-source system is composed of at least one conventional generation unit and possibly a storage unit and/or a production unit based on renewable energies. Using this structure allows an immediate minimization of the losses by the energy transport, a greater reliability of power delivery and an ability to provide a high power quality energy. In this paper, we study a microgrid based on the use of a micro gas turbine, a photovoltaic array and supercapacitors. All these sources are coupled to the microgrid by power electronic converters and are interconnected to a microgrid central controller. Some local controllers and the microgrid central controller are used for the studied microgrid to achieve its operation optimization. Therefore, the first part of this thesis is devoted to establish a formalism method for a systematic design of local controllers. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the management of all these production and storage units, in order to optimize the microgrid operating. Simulation and testing results validate our design of the microgrid controllers
Simon, Hervé. "Etude et conception de filtres actifs passe-tout large bande en micro-ondes. Applications aux générateurs vectoriels et modulateurs numériques linéaires." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2008.
Повний текст джерелаGrébert, Arnaud. "Simulation numérique aux grandes échelles du contrôle de l'interaction onde de choc/couche limite au moyen de micro-générateurs de vortex." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0046.
Повний текст джерелаBecause it is ubiquitous in high Mach number internal and external flow of interest in aeronauticalapplications, shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction (SBLI) is characterised by alow-frequency unsteadiness which generates large wall-pressure fluctuations that can occur at theresonant frequency of the structures. This work is devoted to the study of passive flow controldevices such as microramp vortex generators (mVGs) to alleviate these detrimental effects of SBLI.Large-eddy simulations (LES) have been performed based on an experimental configurationby Wang et al. (2012) of a SBLI under the influence of microramps at a Mach number ofM = 2.7 and a Reynolds number of Re× = 3600. The use of microramps has been shown toenable a reorganisation of the recirculation zone by breaking the spanwise homogeneity of theinteraction, yielding to a change of the reflected shock foot back and forth motion along the span.Additional simulations on three new configurations allowed to assess the effectiveness of microrampsin controlling the SBLI by comparing reduced size mVGs with more conventional ones
Rolloff, Otto. "Polarisation de substrat à partir de micro-générateurs distribués pour une gestion de l’énergie pilotée par l’activité dans les technologies FD-SOI." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT081.
Повний текст джерелаWith the exponential growth of the embedded systems and the so-called IoT objects, the need of reducing power consumption for environmental and economic considerations requires better power-saving techniques without compromising circuit performances. However, CMOS transistors are achieving their physical limits in terms of scaling and the opportunities to enhance the integrated circuit will be more on the design side than on the technology side. Thereto, it is noticeable that complex digital circuits spent a significant amount of energy during idle periods and tend to activate much more blocks than needed. This drawback results from the usage of the synchronous paradigm. Asynchronous circuits provide intrinsic and local signals that mitigate the unnecessary block activation in circuits and offers an intrinsic idle mode. Moreover, these signals are usable to locally manage body-bias voltages in Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator (FD-SOI) in order to save power. This thesis proposes a design strategy dedicated to asynchronous circuits exploiting the body-biasing facilities of the FD-SOI technology. Firstly, an analysis of the FD-SOI technology has been made in order to analyze the new degrees of freedom offered to the designers by mainly controlling the transistor threshold voltage (Vth) thanks to body-biasing effect. This latter is indeed able to change the transistor speed and power consumption. Secondly, a body-biasing standard cell based on a level shifter architecture has been designed in order to locally adapt the body-biasing voltage. Thirdly, we proposed a distributed activity-driven strategy easily managing a large number of Body-Biasing Domains (BBDs). Lastly, the aforementioned techniques have been implemented and tested in a chip designed in 28 nm FD-SOI technology from STMicroelectronics
Chraygane, Mohammed. "Modélisation et optimisation du transformateur à shunts d'une alimentation haute tension à magnétron pour générateurs micro-ondes modulaires 800 w - 2450 Mhz destinés aux applications industrielles." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10189.
Повний текст джерелаYan, Xingyu. "Gestion énergétique sous incertitude : Application à la planification et à l'allocation de réserve dans un micro réseau électrique urbain comportant des générateurs photovoltaïques actifs et du stockage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe massive development of intermittent renewable energy technologies in power systems affects the operation of electrical systems. Due to technical limitations and investments needed to maintain the current electrical security level, issues related to dispatching, static and dynamic stability could stop the development of these distributed renewable energy sources (RES). The subject of the PhD is to develop a tool to study the uncertainties of PV power and load forecasting in an urban network. Firstly, the uncertainties are modeled by studying the uncertainty nature of PV power and load. With stochastic methods, the day-ahead operating reserve (OR) is quantified by taking into account an associated reliability risk index. Then the OR is dispatched into different power generators (active PV generators and micro gas turbines). To minimize the microgrid total operational cost and/or equivalent CO2 emissions, day-ahead optimal operational planning and dispatching of the OR into different power generators is implemented. Finally, a freeware “A User-friendly Energy Management System and Operational Planning Supervisor” is developed based on the Matlab GUI to conceptualize the overall system operation
Moulichon, Audrey. "Conception d'un système adaptatif dynamique de "générateur synchrone virtuel" pour la stabilisation des micro-réseaux électriques à fort taux de pénétration d'énergie renouvelable." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT064.
Повний текст джерелаThe classical distributed energy resources (DER) supplying energy to microgrids (usually diesel generator-sets) are progressively supplanted by supplier based on renewable energy sources (RES). However, the intermittency of RES leads to major stability issues, especially in the context of microgrids, notably because these sources usually decrease the available inertia of the grid. Hence, the traditional control strategies for inverters, interfacing the various DERs connected to the microgrid, needs adapting.The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is one of the most popular solution that can participate in increasing the microgrids inertia and that could be integrated into traditional stability studies because it presents similarities with a synchronous machine. As the VSG is still a recent concept, mostly considered for the DER integration in microgrid, various problematics remain unresolved (some of which are addressed in this manuscript). In addition, the different solutions that can be found in the literature do not consider the industrial and practical aspect of its development (also considered in this industrial thesis).This thesis is dedicated to the VSG-based inverters and their integration in microgrids with a high level of variable renewable energy penetration. This PhD have been carried out thanks to the cooperation between two laboratories, G2Elab and Gipsa-Lab, in collaboration with Schneider Electric and its R&D team, Power Conversion
Santoro, Renaud. "Vers des générateurs de nombres aléatoires uniformes et gaussiens à très haut débit." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438600.
Повний текст джерелаBourgeois, Jacky. "Interactive demand-shifting in the context of domestic micro-generation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S141/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe combination of ubiquitous computing and emerging energy technologies is radically changing the home energy landscape. Domestic micro-generation, dominated by solar photovoltaic, is increasing at a rapid pace. This represents an opportunity for creating and altering energy behaviours. However, these transformations generate new challenges that we call the domestic energy gap: domestic electricity consumption and micro-generation are out of sync. Micro-generation is mainly uncontrollable production relying on weather while domestic energy consumption tends to happen mostly during the evening. This thesis focuses on understanding and supporting new domestic practices in the context of domestic solar electricity generation, looking at ‘Demand-Shifting’. Specifically, we look at how can digital tools leverage Demand-Shifting practices in the context of domestic micro-generation? Relying on a mixed-method approach, we provide a qualitative and quantitative answer with the collaboration of 38 participating households in several field studies including two spanning more than eight months. Through a deep investigation of laundry and electric mobility routines in the context of domestic micro-generation, we emphasised a natural engagement into Demand-Shifting which appeared as a complex and time-consuming task for participants which was not visible when we analysed their quantitative data. We revealed this complexity through Participatory Data Analyses, a method we designed to analyse the data in collaboration with the participating householders. This provided us with a comprehensive view of the relationship between domestic micro-generation and daily routines. Finally, we highlight the need for timely and contextual support through the deployment of interventions in-the-wild. Building on discussions of our findings in perspective of the literature, we propose a conceptual framework to support domestic interactive Demand-Shifting (iDS)
Serairi, Linda. "Elaboration et conception des dispositifs de la récupération d’énergie à base de nanofils de ZnO et de microfibres de PVDF-TrFE." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1189/document.
Повний текст джерелаDevelopment of renewable energy can not only compensate for the lack of fossil energy in the future, but also save our planet by reducing CO2 emission pollution. Piezoelectric materials have the ability to convert environmental mechanical movements into electrical energy. In this thesis, two types of piezoelectric materials have been studied for energy harvesting: ZnO nanowires and PVDF-TrFE microfibers. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to realize the low cost energy harvesting devices for self-powered sensors.Over the past decade, ZnO nanowires had attracted a great interest in the research field due to their multifunctionality with a great potential in the various applications (energy harvesting by piezoelectric and photovoltaic effect, bio & chemical sensors, water & air purification by photocatalytic effect ...). PVDF-TrFE is also an attractive polymer in energy harvesting due to its piezoelectric properties, high mechanical flexibility, and also for its low cost.In this work, two synthesis methods have been used to obtain the piezoelectric micro- & nanomaterials: Hydrothermal for the ZnO nanowire arrays and Electrospinning for the PVDF-TrFE microfibers. The synthesis conditions have been optimized in order to obtain the suitable samples for the applications. Then, two types of energy harvesting devices were manufactured. First, we realized the microgenerators (MGs) based on the PVDF-TrFE microfibers deposited on the Kapton substrate. These flexible MGs based on the direct piezoelectric effect allowing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy at low frequency of the order of hertz. The second type of nanogenerators (NGs) is based on ZnO nanowire array on the silicon substrate. The energy harvesting tests were carried out in a frequency range of a few hundred hertz for the aeronautical application
Yuan, Zheng. "Étude et réalisation de microgénérateurs thermoélectriques planaires en technologie silicium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10159/document.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy harvesting for the power supply of electronic systems becomes more and more a reality thanks to the miniaturization and the major reduction in their consumption. In this aim, we developed a new family of thermoelectric microgenerators able to produce a few microwatts when a temperature difference of a few degrees is accessible. These micro generators were carried out with non-polluting materials in order to take into account the environmental requirements which will certainly appear in a near future. The principle of operation is based on the Seebeck effect which makes it possible to convert a temperature difference into electromotive force using a planar thermopile fabricated with thin layers process. To obtain good performances it is necessary to design a three-dimensional structure to transform a heat flux into a multitude of temperature differences onto the thermocouples’ junctions of the thermopile. The silicon technology platform of IEMN enabled us to manufacture several families of micro generators corresponding to these concepts by using the standard processes of silicon micromachining. Of course, before undertaking such a realization, an approximate analytical model as well as a 3D numerical model was established in order to obtain the maximum of electrical power output that the microgenerator can deliver. The devices fabricated in our technology platform were characterized on specific set-up specially developed and experimental results are close to those expected
Haras, Maciej. "Thermoélectricité non-conventionnelle basée sur les technologies silicium en film minces." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThermoelectricity converts heat into electric energy in a silent, direct, vibrationless and reliable way. In light of limited reserves in fossil fuels, increasing greenhouse effect and constantly rising worldwide demand in energy, recovering heat losses can be a solution. Good thermoelectric material integrates antagonistic properties: high crystal-like electrical (σ) and low glass-like thermal (κ) conductivities. Conventional thermoelectricity uses materials that are harmful, complex, expensive and incompatible with mainstream fabrication technologies e.g. CMOS making thermoelectricity unpopular. In constrast, CMOS materials, namely Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge) and Silicon-Germanium (SixGe1-x), are simple, easy-to-get, cheap and industrially compatible offering a high electrical conductivity (σ). However, their usage in thermoelectricity is hindered due to a prohibitive thermal conductivity (κ). Recent progress in nano- and micro-fabrication opened new possibilities to reduce κ with minor impact on σ. This opportunity enables fabrication of CMOS compatible ThermoElectric Generators (TEGs) enabling massive production and cost reduction which can significantly popularize TEGs on the market. Our modelling approach place Si, Ge and SixGe1-x in a competitive position compared with conventional thermoelectrics providing that their high bulk κ can be substantially reduced. Within the framework of this thesis, a 3-fold size induced κ reduction in Si is experimentally obtained based on a micrometer measurement platform that has been designed, fabricated and characterized in this work
Ritou, Arnaud. "Développement, fabrication et caractérisation de modules photovoltaïques à concentration à ultra haut rendement à base de micro-concentrateurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY059/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe actual trend of CPV is the micro-scaling of modules. A bibliographic study shows that shorter focal length of optics implies less material consumption in manufacturing and an enhanced efficiency of the modules. In this thesis, a double stage refractive micro-concentrator is designed, manufactured and characterized. First, the optical design of the concentrator is based on non-imaging technics. Thus, the profile of the lenses is generated for a single wavelength. Then, a ray tracing simulator is used to optimize the lens profile for the overall solar spectrum and study the concentrator element misalignment effect on the performances.Secondly, a three steps self-assembly process is developed instead of the usual five steps one. Both POE and SOE lenses of our device are molded simultaneously and a mechanical guidance system in the mold ensures the alignment of the micro-concentrator elements (POE, SOE and Cell).Finally, the performances measurements of the manufactured modules are managed in solar simulators in which the lightening condition are previously studied and validated. Comparing the bare cells efficiency with the module efficiency, the cell-to-module ratio (CTM) represents the overall losses in the module. Further experiments are managed to quantify each loss of the module. The manufactured and characterized micro-concentrator is a 1000X concentrating ratio with 0.6 x 0.6mm² triple junction cells. It efficiency is 29% with a 70% CTM. Finally, the loss chain study reveals that the three steps self-assembly process is reliable
Lu, Di. "Conception et contrôle d’un générateur PV actif à stockage intégré : application à l’agrégation de producteurs-consommateurs dans le cadre d’un micro réseau intelligent urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of PV power generation in a power system reduces fuel consumption and brings environmental benefits. However, the PV power intermittency and fluctuations deteriorate the power supply quality. A solution is proposed by adding energy storages, which are coordinated by a local controller that controls the power flow among all sources and implements an inner energy management. This PV based active generator can generate power references and can provide ancillary services in an electric network. Then micro grid concepts are derived to design a central energy management system of a residential network, which is powered by PV based active generators and a gas micro turbine. A communication network is used to exchange data and power references. An energy management system is developed with different time-scale functions to maximize the use of PV power. An operational daily planning is designed by a determinist algorithm, which uses 24 hour-ahead PV power prediction and load forecasting. Then power references are refreshed each half of an hour by considering the PV power availability and the states of energy storage units. Prediction errors and uncertainties are compensated by primary frequency controllers. Simulation and testing results validate the design of the PV active generator local controller and the central energy management system of the studied residential network
Lossec, Marianne. "Systèmes multisources de récupération d'énergie dans l'environnement humain : modélisation et optimisation du dimensionnement." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618233.
Повний текст джерелаMahjoubi, Chaïma. "Modélisation multi-physique et gestion d'énergie d'un micro-réseau résidentiel." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the multi-physic modeling and the optimization of an autonomous multi-source microgrid supplying a residential application. The studied micro-grid is a renewable energy system composed of photovoltaic panels PV as a main production source, a fuel cell as an auxiliary production source, supercapacitors and a Lithium Ion battery as a hybrid storage system and static converters for power levels adjustment. As a first step, this research focuses on the multi-physics modeling of energy sources and storage elements by considering electrical, thermal and aging domain and their experimental validation. In fact, the aging study of the system’s elements requires the modeling of the whole system, since aging depends mainly on electrical and thermal parameters. Secondly, multiphysical energy management strategy is developed based on frequency separation. Thus, the main strategy objectives are reducing the fuel consumption (Hydrogen) and improving the storage and production elements lifetime. Therefore, a technical-economic study is carried out, in order to identify the best agreement between the system total cost and the energy produced. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most influential parameters on the total cost of the system
Vergote, Thomas. "Synthèse de générateurs de photoacides activables par absorption biphotonique pour la microfabrication à trois dimensions." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH7514.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 60’s, the generation of strong Brönsted acids by a one-proton photoinduced process has been used in more and more research areas. Recently, it has been shown, that such acids are easily obtained by a two-photon process. This offers many advantages such as: i) a better reactivity owing to a direct excitation of the photoacid, ii) the possible use of a non-controlled atmosphere, iii) the use of inexpensive microlasers with sub-nanosecond impulsions, iv) the increase of spatial resolution in 3D microfabrication. The acid generation generally proceeds through a photo-induced electro transfer from an excited sensitizer to the photoacid generator (PAG). A promising approach should be the introduction on a single molecule of both a PAG and a two-photon active chromophore moiety. In this context, we have developed new PAGs able to initiate photopolymerisation through a two-photon activation process. The syntheses were focused on stilbenic push-pull systems having either a neutral or an ionic nature. A series of neutral PAGs bearing a diphenylamino donor group and an α-cyano iminosulfonate acceptor moiety has been synthesized. The preparation of neutral PAGs bearing iminosulfonate α-trifluoromethylated groups were not yet completed. The syntheses of ionic PAGs substituted by an ethoxy group, a diphenylamino group or a julolidine one, could not be completed either
Yin, Changjie. "Impact of diesel generator operating modes on standalone DC microgrid and control strategies implying supercapacitor." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2411/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe intermittent and random nature of renewable sources, such as photovoltaic and wind turbine, asks for the complement of storage, such as battery and back-up energy, such as diesel generator, especially in a standalone power system. Concerning the diesel generator, it needs some time to start up and cannot immediately offer the needed power, due to its dynamic behavior. Hence, the power quality is lowered down during this period because of the shortage of power. Therefore, during the period of the diesel generator starting up, a supercapacitor is suggested to compensate the power balance because of its fast response and high power density. A power control strategy is proposed to achieve the coordination between diesel generator and supercapacitor. Both simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is able to regulate the DC bus voltage within the acceptable limits and supplying the load during the renewable power under generation or load step-increase situations. In addition, the supercapacitor can be also used to overcome the electrochemical storage limits like its state of charge and maximum current. So, this thesis proposes the real time power control for a hybrid photovoltaic-battery-supercapacitor-diesel generator DC microgrid system, aiming to meet the load power demand with reliability and stabilizing the DC bus voltage. Both simulation and experimental results show that the designed control strategy improves the DC microgrid dynamic and static performances under different operating conditions. Furthermore, in order to minimize the diesel generator energy cost, the fuel cost and fuel consumption are analysed through several experimental tests. Therefore, the optimal value of its power generation is deduced and applied in a newly proposed energy management strategy. This strategy can achieve the goal of maximizing the utilization of photovoltaic energy and taking into account the slow start-up characteristic and energy cost of diesel generator. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out by using the real photovoltaic data to illustrate the performance and the behavior of the hybrid system. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of this strategy. Furthermore, the comparison with the previous energy management strategy, in which the diesel generator energy cost is not considered, demonstrates that the newly proposed energy management strategy can reduce the total cost of the hybrid DC power system
François, Pierre. "Contribution à la modélisation électromagnétique d’un générateur linéaire à induction appliquée à un micro-cogénérateur Stirling à piston libre." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0003.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the development of a residential cogenerator which consists of a linear induction generator driven by two Stirling engines, free-piston double-acting operating mode. The criteria characterizing such cogenerator are described and its various modes of use in the residential sector. The various technologies are reviewed.The equations of mechanics that underlie the control of the coupling of thermoelectric cogeneration and stability are defined.The electric generator is modeled to calculate the electrical coil coupled equations and the magnitudes of the equivalent circuit, this scheme allows us to reverse the pattern. The results of analytical models are validated by measurements on specially designed models. A parametric study of the structure of the generator has optimized its performances. The equations of mechanical and electrical model are used to lay the groundwork for optimization of all the cogenerator, considered as a system
Lopez, Santos Oswaldo. "Contribution to the DC-AC conversion in photovoltaic systems : Module oriented converters." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThese last years, a growing interest in power electronic systems has been motivated by the emergence of distributed renewable energy resources and their interconnection with the grid. In this context, the need of low power topologies fed by a few photovoltaic modules avoiding the use of transformers opens the study of special converters and the associated control strategies ensuring stability, reliability and high efficiency. A resulted generic device known in the commercial and scientific literature as “microinverter” or “module integrated converter” performs a plug and play product together with the PV module called an “AC module”.This work is devoted to the study of a transformer-less single-phase double-stage grid-connected microinverter. The proposed topology has a non-isolated high-gain boost type DC-DC converter and a non-isolated buck type DC-AC converter connected in cascade through a DC bus. The DC-DC converter permanently extracts the maximum power of the PV module ensuring at the same time a good performance coping with power changes introduced by the change in the environmental conditions. The DC-AC stage injects the power extracted by the DC-DC stage into the grid ensuring a high level of power quality. The research efforts focus on the involved control functions based on the sliding mode control theory, which leads to a simple implementation with a comprehensive theoretical description validated through simulation and experimental results.After giving the state-of-the-art in the first chapter, the manuscript is divided into four chapters, which are dedicated to the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), the DC-DC stage and its control, the DC-AC stage and its control and the complete microinverter. A new Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) MPPT algorithm is proposed. The single-switch quadratic boost converter is studied operating as a Loss-Free-Resistor (LFR) obtaining a high DC output voltage level with a safe operation. The full-bridge converter is controlled as a Power Source Inverter (PSI) using a simple sliding-mode based tracking law, regulating the voltage of the DC bus and then ensuring a high power quality level in the grid connection. Finally, the three building blocks are merged to obtain a sliding mode controlled microinverter constituting the main result and contribution of the work
Miller, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'une sonde multi-éléments à courants de Foucault et de l'instrumentation associée, destinée à la détection et la reconstruction tomographique de défauts dans les tubes de générateurs de vapeur." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0039.
Повний текст джерелаOddos, Y. "Vérification semi-formelle et synthèse automatique de PSL vers VHDL." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481923.
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