Увійти

Готові списки джерел за темами / Michael's Addition / Книги

Книги з теми "Michael's Addition"

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Michael's Addition.

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся з топ-28 книг для дослідження на тему "Michael's Addition".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Переглядайте книги для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.

1

Frayn, Michael. The additional Michael Frayn. London: Methuen, 2000.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Heo, Christina K. M. Quantitative studies on the addition of pyridines to Michael acceptors. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Day, Michael. Mont Orgueil Castle: Letter from Michael Day to Environment and Public Services with additional information, photographs and plans : re. Jersey Heritage Trust planning application. Jersey: Jersey Heritage Trust, 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Heo, Christina K. M. Quantitative studies on the addition of amine nucleophiles to Michael acceptors. 1993.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Wodhull, Michael. The Equality of Mankind: A Poem, by Michael Wodhull, Esq. Revised and Corrected, with Additions. Gale Ecco, Print Editions, 2018.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations., ed. Additional documents related to the subcommittee investigation of the activities of Michael K. Deaver and Associates. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Borelli, Melissa Blanco. Introduction. Edited by Melissa Blanco Borelli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199897827.013.004.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In addition to providing an overview of the chapters that comprise the volume, this chapter uses a music video by George Michael as an example of how to engage students in dance studies analysis of bodies on the popular screen. It also provides an overview to students on how they might engage with the bodies and the choreographies they see on the screen.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Kymlicka, Will. Contemporary Political Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198782742.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Contemporary Political Philosophy has been revised to include many of the most significant developments in Anglo-American political philosophy in the last eleven years, particularly the new debates on political liberalism, deliberative democracy, civic republicanism, nationalism, and cultural pluralism. The text now includes two new chapters on citizenship theory and multiculturalism, in addition to updated chapters on utilitarianism, liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism, socialism, communitarianism, and feminism. The many thinkers discussed include G. A. Cohen, Ronald Dworkin, William Galston, Carol Gilligan, R. M. Hare, Catherine Mackinnon, David Miller, Philippe Van Parijs, Susan Okin, Robert Nozick, John Rawls, John Roemer, Michael Sandel, Charles Taylor, Michael Walzer, and Iris Young.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

K, Tweedie W. Calvin and Servetus : the Reformers Share in the Trial of Michael Servetus : Historically Ascertained from the French: With Notes and Additions. Independently Published, 2017.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Marquardsen, Kai, ed. Armutsforschung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299860.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The perception of growing social insecurities and divisions, not least due to the Covid-19 pandemic, has brought questions of social inequality and poverty back into focus. The interdisciplinary handbook addresses these new and old challenges and at the same time critically classifies and interprets current developments and manifestations of poverty. In addition to the academic debate, the handbook shows perspectives for the socio-political treatment of poverty. It serves as a comprehensive and concise reference work for practitioners, students and academics at the interface of various social science sub-disciplines. With contributions by Jan Bertram, Peter Bescherer, Petra Böhnke, Jeanette Bohr, Rita Braches-Chyrek, Antonio Brettschneider, Karl August Chassé, Michael David, Sonja Fehr, Marion Fischer-Neumann, Yvonne Franke, Natalie Grimm, Viktoria Häußermann, Maren Hilke, Dennis Homann, Ernst-Ulrich Huster, Andrea Janßen, Nora Jehles, Petra Kaps, Michael Klassen, Tanja Kleibl, Bettina Kohlrausch, Daniel Kumitz, Lutz Leisering, Sigrid Leitner, Gaby Lenz, Stephan Lessenich, Ortrud Leßmann, Stephan Lorenz, Ronald Lutz, Kai Marquardsen, Michael May, Lars Meier, Maria Pernegger, Roswitha Pioch, Ayça Polat, Martin Schenk, Karin Scherschel, Daniela Schiek, Johannes Schütte, Frank Sowa, Anne Tittor, Athanasios Tsirikiotis, Carsten G. Ullrich, Carolina Alves Vestena, Florian Vietze, Marliese Weißmann, Holger Wittig-Koppe and Janina Zölch.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Schaupp, Walter, and Johann Platzer, eds. Der verbesserte Mensch. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748910565.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The phenomenon of increasing optimisation and transformation of the human body using modern biotechnologies is encountered in various fields. In addition to interference with the human genome, attempts to merge man and machine are becoming increasingly important. Since the idea of an inviolable form of human ‘nature’ has been lost, new philosophical and ethical efforts are required in order to meet the challenges associated with it. In this book, the topics of transhumanism, humans and machines, genome editing, sex reassignment and the issue of enhancing happiness through biotechnological means are discussed and reflected on ethically. With contributions by Alois Birklbauer, Christian Egarter, Reinhold Esterbauer, Johann Platzer, Andreas Reinisch, Michael Rosenberger, Walter Schaupp, Peter Strasser, Gunda Werner.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Trültzsch-Wijnen, Christine, and Gerhard Brandhofer, eds. Bildung und Digitalisierung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748906247.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This volume discusses the challenges posed by digitalisation in the field of education from different professional perspectives. Authors from various disciplines analyse general theoretical questions, present current empirical findings, discuss didactic models and projects, and consider the use of digital media in tertiary education. In addition, they present specific projects from educational practice. With contributions by Alessandro Barberi, Gerhard Brandhofer, Josef Buchner, Markus Ebner, Martin Ebner, Nicole Duller, Walter Fikisz, Sonja Gabriel, Barbara Getto, Nina Grünberger, Elke Höfler, Fares Kayali, Michael Kerres, Philipp Leitner, Peter Micheuz, Marlene Miglbauer, Thomas Nárosy, Daniel Otto, Alexander Pfeiffer, Claudia Schreiner, Carmen Sippl, Elke Szalai, Caroline Roth-Ebner, Karin Tengler, Manfred Tetz, Christine W. Trültzsch-Wijnen, Thomas Wernbacher, Christian Wiesner

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Schultz, Jaime. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038167.003.0009.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This concluding chapter considers the status of women's sports in 2012, the various points of change that brought them there, and reasserts the need to cheer with reserve. Even as the number of women athletes seems to rise, their representation in administrative ranks has dwindled from the pre-Title IX era. In addition, sports sociologists Michael Messner and Cheryl Cooky found that there has been a “precipitous decline” in the amount of television coverage devoted to women's sports over the past several years. In 2009 women's sports garnered just 1.6 percent of network sports news and 1.4 percent of ESPN's SportsCenter. For a brief window in July 2012, however, those numbers temporarily increased as the world tuned in to the Women's Games.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

United States. General Accounting Office. and United States Congress Senate, eds. United Nations: Early renovation planning reasonable, but additional management controls and oversight will be needed : report to the Honorable Michael Enzi, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.0. Box 37050 Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Löwe, Matthias, and Gideon Stiening, eds. Ästhetische Staaten. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845277813.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Friedrich Schiller, the grand master of the classical aesthetic of autonomy, was also a political thinker. In the 1790s, reading Immanuel Kant upset him, as did the French Revolution: abuse of power, political resistance, conspiracy and tyrannicide are just a few of the genuinely political themes that he repeatedly varies in literary terms. The articles in this volume consider the connection between the political, legal and ethical dimensions of Schiller's work. In addition to his 'big' dramas as well as his philosophical and historical writings, they examine the nexus of ethics, law and politics at the 'margins' of his work, in both his short works and his literary fragments. With contributions by Oliver Bach, Antonino Falduto, Maria Carolina Foi, Markus Hien, Matthias Löwe, Vincenz Pieper, Jens Ole Schneider, Michael Schwingenschlögl, Sebastian Speth, Gideon Stiening and Ludwig Stockinger.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Fox, Michael V. Proverbs 1–9. Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780300261288.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In Proverbs 1–9, Bible scholar Michael V. Fox translates and explains the meaning of the first nine chapters of this profound, timeless book, and examines their place in the intellectual history of ancient Israel. This thorough study of Proverbs includes a survey of the collections of ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature, as well as innovative and insightful comments. In addition to the translation and commentary proper, Fox includes several extended thematic essays on Proverbs 1 9, covering such themes as the origins of personified wisdom, what wisdom is, and where wisdom can be heard, plus an appendix of textual notes. The format of the commentary makes it accessible to the general reader and also provides materials of special interest to scholars. This is the first of a two-volume commentary that accords Proverbs the depth of study it deserves.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Mitschang, Stephan, ed. Entwurf eines „Gesetzes zur Mobilisierung von Bauland". Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748922902.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This conference volume contains the written presentations of an Online-Conference held in March 2021 at the Technical University of Berlin with the topic: The "Law on the Mobilisation of Building Land" (currently still in draft form) - technical and legal issues. The work aims to provide an interesting overview of the new regulations, regulatory additions and requirements for planning practice. The "Act on the Mobilisation of Building Land" is intended to strengthen the possibilities of land access for the municipalities in order to be able to make a noticeable contribution to reducing the housing shortage in Germany in the area of housing supply, especially with regard to social housing promotion. With contributions by Malte Arndt, Ulrich Battis, Henning Jaeger, Stephan Mitschang, Christian-W. Otto, Olaf Reidt, Alexander Schink, Tim Schwarz, Gerhard Spieß and Michael Voigtländer.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Keel, Guido, and Wibke Weber, eds. Media Literacy. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748920656.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The discussion about media literacy today goes far beyond the traditional understanding of media competence. At the same time, very different meanings are attributed to the term. This book brings together 14 contributions on different dimensions of media literacy: in addition to definitions of terms, it addresses media and information literacy in dealing with journalistic content; it discusses media literacy in the contexts of social media, organisations and in specific roles; and sheds light on technological, social and aesthetic aspects of media literacy. These contributions build a bridge between the findings of media and communication research, educational science and the concept of media literacy. With contributions by Othmar Baeriswyl, Davide Cino, Urs Dahinden, Caroline Dalmus, Mark Eisenegger, Noemi Festic, Brigitte Gasser, Laura Gründler, Julia Grundisch, Anastasija Grynko, Uwe Hasebrink, Martin Hermida, Markus Hodel, Angelica Hüsser, Kiran Kappeler, Guido Keel, Carmen Koch, Franziska Kohler, Nadine Klopfenstein, Michael Latzer, Franziska Oehmer, Stefano Pedrazzi, Nicole Rosenberger, Colette Schneider, Jörg Schneider, Pascal Schneiders, Lisa Schwaiger, Antonia Steigerwald and Christine Trültzsch-Wijnen.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Bothe, Michael. New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts: Commentary on the Two 1977 Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Second Edition. Reprint Revised by Michael Bothe. BRILL, 2013.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Gereboff, Joel. Judaism. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0006.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The emotions are an important feature of Jewish life and thought throughout the ages. From biblical descriptions of a God of pathos to early rabbinic and medieval works detailing the virtues, to mystical tracts focused on the inner life, and occasionally portraying emotion filled religious experiences of the adept, there have always been Jewish representations of the affective dimensions of life. In addition, the many ways Jews have actually participated in prayer and in the celebration of holidays, and in the construction of material objects and spaces in which such activities took place, also give evidence of emotional texture of the lives of Jews. John Corrigan's concluding observations in his introduction to Religion and Emotion: Approaches and Interpretations, in which he sets forth a model for future scholarship in this field, provide a standard against which to assess present investigations into Judaism and the emotions. Others who have produced methodologically astute scholarship adding significantly to the understanding of aspects of Jewish thought on the emotions are Michael Fishbane, Daniel Boyarin, and Hava Tirosh-Samuelson.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Johnsgard, Paul A. Migrations of the imagination: Photographs by Michael Forsberg, drawings, sculptures and quotations by Paul A. Johnsgard, and additional works of art : March 1-June 2, 2002 (Great Plains art). Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2002.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Coogan, Michael. The Bible. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199383047.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The Bible is the most influential book in Western history. As the foundational text of Judaism and Christianity, the Bible has been interpreted and reinterpreted over millennia, utilized to promote a seemingly endless run of theological and political positions. Adherents and detractors alike point to different passages throughout to justify wildly disparate behaviors and beliefs. Translated and retranslated, these texts lead both to unity and intense conflict. Influential books on any topic are typically called “bibles.” What is the Bible? As a text considered sacred by some, its stories and language appear throughout the fine arts and popular culture, from Shakespeare to Saturday Night Live. In Michael Coogan’s eagerly awaited addition to Oxford’s What Everyone Needs to know® series, conflicts and controversies surrounding the world’s bestselling book are addressed in a straightforward Q&A format. This book provides an unbiased look at biblical authority and authorship, the Bible’s influence in Western culture, the disputes over meaning and interpretation, and the state of biblical scholarship today. Brimming with information for the student and the expert alike, The Bible: What Everyone Needs to Know ® is a dependable introduction to a most contentious holy book.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Ahmed, Mohamed. Arabic in Modern Hebrew Texts. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444439.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the late 1950s, Iraqi Jews were either forced or chose to leave Iraq for Israel. Finding it impossible to continue writing in Arabic in Israel, many Iraqi Jewish novelists faced the literary challenge of switching to Hebrew. Focusing on the literary works of the writers Shimon Ballas, Sami Michael and Eli Amir, this book examines their use of their native Iraqi Arabic in their Hebrew works. It examines the influence of Arabic language and culture and explores questions of language, place and belonging from the perspective of sociolinguistics and multilingualism. In addition, the book applies stylistics as a framework to investigate the range of linguistic phenomena that can be found in these exophonic texts, such as code-switching, borrowing, language and translation strategies. This new stylistic framework for analysing exophonic texts offers a future model for the study of other languages. The social and political implications of this dilemma, as it finds expression in creative writing, are also manifold. In an age of mass migration and population displacement, the conflicted loyalties explored in this book through the prism of Arabic and Hebrew are relevant in a range of linguistic contexts.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Mitschang, Stephan, ed. Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung in der Regional- und Bauleitplanung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748924180.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The volume presents a summary of the latest scientific conference on urban and regional planning which took place at the Technical University Berlin. The conference addressed current demands in regional and urban land use planning with regard to ‘Climate protection and climate adaptation’. The addition of the "climate protection clause" to the overall objectives of urban land use planning in section 1 (5) sentence 2 BauGB in the 2011 amendment to the Climate Protection Act has contributed to a clear programmatic upgrading of the concerns of climate protection and adaptation to climate change in urban land use planning. This direct approach to the objectives of urban land use planning not only emphasised the urban development dimension of climate protection and adaptation to climate change, but also gave a first noticeable impetus to the preparation, amendment and supplementation of urban development plans. With contributions by Dr. Stephan Wagner, Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Stephan Mitschang, Mareike Schnorr, Christine Schimpfermann, Dr.-Ing. Tim Schwarz, Dr. Petra Overwien, Michael Bongartz, Martin Orth, Prof. Dr. Olaf Reidt, Dr. Jörg Beckmann, Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Söfker, Prof. Dr. jur. Christian-W. Otto, Prof. Dr. Alexander Schink and Dr. Andreas Decker.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Acta et decreta primi concilii provincialis Torontoni in ecclesia metropolitana Sti. Michaelis celebrati mense Septembris MDCCCLXXV: A Sancta Sede revisa et recognita anno III pontificatus Leonis P.P. XIII, additis quibusdam aliorum conciliorum decretis. Toronto: Hunter, Rose, 1993.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Emsley, John. The Elements of Murder. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192805997.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Was Napoleon killed by the arsenic in his wallpaper? How did Rasputin survive cyanide poisoning? Which chemicals in our environment pose the biggest threat to our health today? In The Elements of Murder, John Emsley answers these questions and offers a fascinating account of five of the most toxic elements--arsenic, antimony, lead, mercury, and thallium--describing their lethal chemical properties and highlighting their use in some of the most famous murder cases in history. In this exciting book, we meet a who's who of heartless murderers. Mary Ann Cotton, who used arsenic to murder her mother, three husbands, a lover, eight of her own children, and seven step children; Michael Swango, who may have killed as many as 60 of his patients and several of his colleagues during the 20 years he practiced as a doctor and paramedic; and even Saddam Hussein, who used thallium sulfate to poison his political rivals. Emsley also shows which toxic elements may have been behind the madness of King George III, the delusions of Isaac Newton, and the strange death of King Charles II. In addition, the book examines many modern day environmental catastrophes, including accidental mass poisonings from lead and arsenic, and the Minamata Bay disaster in Japan. Written by a leading science writer, famous for his knowledge of the elements and their curious and colorful histories, The Elements of Murder offers an enticing combination of true crime tales and curious science that adds up to an addictive read.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Fehse, Boris, Ferdinand Hucho, Sina Bartfeld, Stephan Clemens, Tobias Erb, Heiner Fangerau, Jürgen Hampel, et al., eds. Fünfter Gentechnologiebericht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748927242.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the ‘Fifth Gene Technology Report’, renowned experts provide an overview of current developments and their applications in the dynamically evolving research field of gene and biotechnologies. They examine, among other topics, genetic diagnostics, somatic gene therapy, the development of vaccines, stem cell and organoid research, green gene technology, synthetic biology, gene drives, genome editing, epigenetics and single cell analysis. In addition to reporting on the current state of affairs in this field, the authors also discuss society’s perception of gene technologies and ethical and legal issues relating to them, such as genome edit-ing, cerebral organoids and big data in personalised medicine. Moreover, the interdisciplinary task force ‘Gentechnologiebericht’ (Gene Technology Report) offers recommendations on action that could be taken in relation to the key issues. With contributions by Karla Alex, Sina Bartfeld, Meik Bittkowski, Inge Broer, Lorina Buhr, Stephan Clemens, Wolfgang Van den Daele, Hans-Georg Dederer, Tobias J. Erb, Nina Gasparoni, Heiner Fangerau, Boris Fehse, Jürgen Hampel, Louise Herde, Ferdinand Hucho, Ali Jawaid, Aida Khachatryan, Sarah Kohler, Alma Kolleck, Martin Korte, Cordula Kropp, Alfons Labisch, Markus Lehmkuhl, Melanie Leidecker-Sandmann, Annette Leßmöllmann, Isabelle M. Mansuy, Lilian Marx-Stölting, Andreas Merk, Yannick Milhahn, Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor, Stefan Mundlos, Staffan Müller-Wille, Angela Osterheider, Anja Pichl, Barbara Prainsack, Jens Reich, Marlen Reinschke, Ortwin Renn, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Arnold Sauter, Hannah Schickl, Silke Schicktanz, Volker Stollorz, Constanze Störk-Biber, Jochen Taupitz, Jörn Walter, Eva C. Winkler, Martin Zenke and Michael M. Zwick.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Kirchman, David L. Predation and protists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0009.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Protists are involved in many ecological roles in natural environments, including primary production, herbivory and carnivory, and parasitism. Microbial ecologists have been interested in these single-cell eukaryotes since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek saw them in his stool and scum from his teeth. This chapter focuses on the role of protozoa (purely heterotrophic protists) and other protists in grazing on other microbes. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates, 3–5 microns long, are the most important grazers of bacteria and small phytoplankton in aquatic environments. In soils, flagellates are also important, followed by naked amoebae, testate amoebae, and ciliates. Many of these protists feed on their prey by phagocytosis, in which the prey particle is engulfed into a food vacuole into which digestive enzymes are released. This mechanism of grazing explains many factors affecting grazing rates, such as prey numbers, size, and composition. Ingestion rates increase with prey numbers before reaching a maximum, similar to the Michaelis–Menten equation describing uptake as a function of substrate concentration. Protists generally eat prey that are about ten-fold smaller than they are. In addition to flagellates, ciliates and dinoflagellates are often important predators in the microbial world and are critical links between microbial food chains and larger organisms Many protists are capable of photosynthesis. In some cases, the predator benefits from photosynthesis carried out by engulfed, but undigested photosynthetic prey or its chloroplasts. Although much can be learnt from the morphology of large protists, small protists (<10 μ‎m) often cannot be distinguished by morphology, and as seen several times in this book, many of the most abundant and presumably important protists are difficult to cultivate, necessitating the use of cultivation-independent methods analogous to those developed for prokaryotes. Instead of the 16S rRNA gene used for bacteria and archaea, the 18S rRNA gene is key for protists. Studies of this gene have uncovered high diversity in natural protist communities and, along with sequences of other genes, have upended models of eukaryote evolution. These studies indicate that the eukaryotic Tree of Life consists almost entirely of protists, with higher plants, fungi, and animals as mere branches.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!