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1
Gaydenko, Pavel I. "Tatar Violence over Metropolitan Maxim and the Sack of Kiev in 1299: Causes, Circumstances, and Consequences of Events That “Did Not Happen”." Golden Horde Review 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-1.76-89.
Анотація:
Research objectives: This article presents a critical analysis and deconstruction of historiographical ideas about the reasons for Kiev Metropolitan Maxim’s move to Vladimir. Much attention is paid to comparing the prevailing opinions in Russian scholarship with the data of ancient Russian sources and archaeology. The most plausible reasons and motives that prompted the Russian hierarch to change his place of residence are examined, and the circumstances of the metropolitan’s relocation are substantially clarified. Research materials: Old Russian sources and Russian historiography. Results and novelty of the research: The prevailing view for the reasons and circumstances behind the move of Metropolitan Maxim to Vladimir, an even described in Russian church historiography, is based on the erroneous opinion of Prof. E.E. Golubinsky. The source data and the sequence of events allow us to conclude that the metropolitan’s move was a well-planned action designed to solve many problems. Following the death of Nogai, and in the face of the growing political ambitions of the Galicia-Volyn princes, Byzantium tried to draw closer to Sarai. In Kiev, the inhabitants feared the attacks of disparate Tatar detachments, but were most afraid of being at the epicenter of the war between the Horde, Lithuania, and Galich over Kiev. Relations between the metropolitans and the South Russian episcopate remained extremely difficult. Under such conditions, the move of the Metropolitan to Vladimir became a logical and well-thought-out response.
2
Feiock, Richard C. "Metropolitan Governance and Institutional Collective Action." Urban Affairs Review 44, no. 3 (February 7, 2008): 356–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087408324000.
3
Coenen, Lars, Kathryn Davidson, Niki Frantzeskaki, Maree Grenfell, Irene Håkansson, and Martin Hartigan. "Metropolitan governance in action? Learning from metropolitan Melbourne’s urban forest strategy." Australian Planner 56, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2020.1740286.
4
Wang, Jun. "Emission reduction strategy between Chinese and foreign metropolitan areas." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015803003.
Анотація:
Because of the important position of metropolitan areas in the national economy, this paper puts forward the important responsibility of metropolitan areas in a country’s emission reduction task. Taking Chicago Metropolitan Area, Manchester Metropolitan Area and Tokyo Metropolitan Area as the research objects, this paper discusses the action of reducing emissions in international metropolitan area from three aspects: formulation of emission reduction targets, specific emission reduction strategies and regional coordination mechanism. Then, by comparing the emission reduction actions of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan areas in China, this paper analyses the Enlightenment of the emission reduction of the international metropolitan areas to China, and puts forward the areas that need to be further strengthened in the emission reduction of the metropolitan areas in China.
5
Mason, Susan G., and Michail Fragkias. "Metropolitan planning organizations and climate change action." Urban Climate 25 (September 2018): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.04.004.
6
Castillo, Manlio F. "Beyond Institutional Collective Action: Why and When Do Metropolitan Governments Collaborate?" State and Local Government Review 51, no. 3 (September 2019): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x19884618.
Анотація:
The essay explores why and when metropolitan governments collaborate beyond the assumptions of the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework. It claims that metropolitan governments not only create collaborative arrangements after comparing their costs and benefits, or when spontaneously their agendas get aligned. This article argues that the success of metropolitan interlocal collaboration also rests on the proclivity to collaboration of independent local governments’ institutional structures, which, in turn, depends on how local governments and their management capabilities have been shaped and evolved, both individually and comparatively with neighboring governments. Additionally, the article classifies and explains four basic models of metropolitan collaborative arrangements.
7
Fregoso-Cuenca, Erika Alejandra. "An assessment of key factors to a metropolitan governance for the construction of sustainable urban public policies for the integral management of solid waste in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara." Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.48.
Анотація:
Territory and population of Guadalajara metropolitan area has grown in recent decades, to address the challenges that come along with planning, management, and urban development. Public policies are building by the local government, however, the loss of geographical and social limits, the actions generated by local government have a direct impact on other districts. To achieve tan equitable and sustainable metropolis, its necessary the metropolitan governance, to make a collaborative work and clearly guidelines to action. Faced with a clear problem at the metropolitan scale with solutions at the local level and uncoordinated forces to build and implement public policies; this paper analyzes the exercise of governance on the integral management of urban waste to the construction of sustainable and equitable public policies in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara. The research is based on a Delphi method, interviews with representative actors of different involucrate sectors and a documentary review for a comprehensive analysis. Finally, the knowledge of the research presented here; has increased in importance given the recent approval of the Metropolitan Climate Action Plan. The municipalities that make up the metropolis must align themselves and unite their efforts for a sustainable development.
8
Fedeli, Valeria. "Metropolitan Governance and Metropolitan Cities in Italy: Outdated Solutions For Processes of Urban Regionalisation?" Raumforschung und Raumordnung 75, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0430-7.
Анотація:
Abstract A form of metropolitan government in Italy was originally introduced in 1990. After 25 years, the approval of Law 56/2014 has opened a new season of experimentation, full of expectations but at the same time not exempt from critique. The paper presents and discusses the elements of innovation and path-dependency that have shaped the current normative framework, explaining in particular the climate under which the new law was adopted. The author critically focuses on three main problematic aspects of the law that institutes the new città metropolitana, i.e. the definition of boundaries, the nature of the new institution, and its competences and tools for action, considering their ability to deal with the challenges related to the processes of regional urbanisation affecting contemporary Italy.
9
Nabytovych, Ihor. "PROFESSOR IVAN OHIYENKO AND METROPOLITAN ANDREY SHEPTYTSKYI: DEFINING THE IDEAS OF ANTHROPOLOGY OF CULTURE AND THE TASKS OF NATIONAL ART." IVAN OHIIENKO AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE AND EDUCATION, no. 19 (December 29, 2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-7086.2022-19.123-131.
Анотація:
The relations between the two great metropolitans of the Ukrainian Churches – Andrei Sheptyts’kyi and Ivan Ohiienko – were an important factor not only in the socio-political and religious life of the interwar twenty years, but also in Ukrainian culture in general. Hilarion, the future Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church in Canada, would not have been able to pub-lish the magazine («Ridna Mova») «Native Language» in Warsaw in 1933-1939 without the fi nancial support of Metropolitan Andrei.In the article «On the Philosophy of Culture», written at the request of Professor Ivan Ohiienko, Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi described his vision of the anthropology of culture, publicized the doctrine of cultural philosophy, in which the proper place was given not only to science, art, human work, but also to human being, which is of special value human life and human freedom, which resonate with the doctrine of the Ukrainian national liberation movement «Freedom to people, freedom to man». Its addition is article «From the history and problems of the piece» of Andrei Sheptyts’kyi, which formulated the doc-trine of Ukrainian national culture, its mission and tasks.Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi’s large-scale action to save Jews by the black and white clergy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which lasted for many months during the German occupation, is an unprecedented non-violent Resistance Movement against the Holocaust, an important contribution to the fi ght against Nazism, the embodiment of the Metropolitan’s cultural doctrine in conditions of mortal danger, in which the fi rst place was the demand to «respect human life, human freedom», and next to that «human work; science, art...»
10
Telukha, Svitlana. "ANTI-SEMITISM, DISCRIMINATION OR HUMANISM? POSITION OF THE HIERARCH OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH TOWARDS JEWS." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 24 (2019): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.24.24.
Анотація:
The article highlights the views of prominent Russian Orthodox Church hierarchy for the Jewish people. Specified on the causes and characteristics charges Jews in changing attitudes towards Jesus Christ from the standpoint of Scripture and explaining Metropolitan Anthony. The article followed Bishop belonging to the Black Hundreds organizations, foundations, principles of their activities and views on the Jewish question. These basic ideas concerning the causes of restricting the rights of the Jewish people, and are examples of metropolitan public appeals to the public to prevent the spread of anti-Semitism and pogroms. The author reflects the Metropolitan's thoughts on the place that Jews can occupy in society. The analysis of the Metropolitan's activities, his statements and attitudes toward the Jewish population has led to the publication's findings, which highlight Metropolitan Anthony's figure as rather contradictory and his views on Jewry polar. He is a follower of imperial politics in the vision of the limited place and role of Jews in society, and considers it a natural and just phenomenon, while in line with the general policy of the state and the indulgence of existing stereotypes. As a clergyman who, imbued with Christian values, served his congregation, he guarded his wards, condemning the violence in their direction. At the same time, the Metropolitan did not manifest itself as an outspoken anti-Semite and did not proclaim on behalf of the church calls for such action.
11
Dierwechter, Yonn, and Anne Taufen Wessells. "The Uneven Localisation of Climate Action in Metropolitan Seattle." Urban Studies 50, no. 7 (April 19, 2013): 1368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098013480969.
12
Thiers, Paul, Mark Stephan, Sean Gordon, and Alexander Walker. "Metropolitan Eco-Regimes and Differing State Policy Environments: Comparing Environmental Governance in the Portland–Vancouver Metropolitan Area." Urban Affairs Review 54, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 1019–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087417693321.
Анотація:
The Portland Metropolitan region, a single economic and ecological region with a bifurcated state and local governance structure, provides an opportunity to compare governance models and state policy environments in a single region. Using stakeholder interviews and secondary sources, we examine the role of state government policy in shaping and supporting different regimes. We find that Portland exhibits a stable, “smart-growth” regime that we characterized as a metropolitan eco-regime whereas Vancouver is in a period of fragmentation without a stable metropolitan regime. This is best explained by the differing state-level regulatory contexts and the different forms of polycentricity influenced by state action. Differences in regime and governance structure result in differently drawn and expanded urban growth boundaries with subsequent differences in land-use outcomes. We conclude with observations about state-level action and subsequent forms of polycentricity to support metropolitan eco-regimes.
13
Yildirim, Korkmaz, and Murat Onder. "Collaborative Role of Metropolitan Municipalities in Local Climate Protection Governance Strategies: The Case of Turkish Metropolitan Cities." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 21, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333219500066.
Анотація:
The impacts of global warming, environmental pollution and corrective protective policies for climate change have been discussed by scholars for more than half a century. This study elaborates enabling factors for municipalities that have an active role in emission reduction and adaptation in metropolitan cities in Turkey. Annual Action Reports and Strategic Plans of corresponding Turkish metropolitan municipalities in the second period of Kyoto Protocol were examined with document analysis to capture their local climate protection capacities. Secondary data were also gathered mainly from public institutions inventory and reports to determine major external factors on municipal climate initiatives. Ordinary Least Square regression method was used to analyse the extent of enabling factors including socio-economic, emission and vulnerability conditions that have an impact on local climate governance initiatives in metropolitan cities. The findings of the study indicate that emission level and socio-economics capacity of the metropolitan cities in Turkey have a high aspiration for greenhouse gases reduction actions, while vulnerability level of the climate change has no significant effect on municipal decision-makers and practitioners on local climate protection governance.
14
Torgovnik, Efraim. "La planification, moteur de la réforme des grandes métropoles en Israël." Revue française d'administration publique 88, no. 1 (1998): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1998.3242.
Анотація:
National Planning, a Major Tool for Metropolitanization in Israel In Israel, important reforms have been undertaken in regions dominated by an urban megalopolis. Adopting a rational choice, institutional approach, the study focuses on action from above which generates central-local governance coalitions of change. National planning is a major tool for activating a metropolitan-regional policy change. Action from above provides for incentives, resources, linkages and binding central-local policy coalitions. Given the relatively low success of efforts to establish an area-wide metropolitan governing system via administrative-political change of metropolitan regions, the institutional multi-jurisdictional interactive governance approach proposed here is more likely to produce a change in behaviour structures. This supports some of the major findings in the research of the role of relativity autonomous institutions and their capacity for change.
15
Zhao, Ziyun. "Heterogeneity Analysis of Metropolitan Area Policies Affecting Regional Economic Growth and Examination of the Mechanism." BCP Business & Management 33 (November 20, 2022): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v33i.2786.
Анотація:
As urbanization deepens, metropolitan areas have gradually become an important vehicle for regional economy development. To study how metropolitan area planning will affect regional economic growth, this paper considers metropolitan area planning as a regional economic policy and examines the effect of metropolitan area policy on regional economic growth based on panel data of metropolitan areas within the Yangtze River Delta city cluster and Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster from 2012 to 2021, using a multi-period difference-in-difference model. It is found that: (1) the policy of metropolitan area generally promotes regional economic growth and enhances the regional economic growth rate; (2) there is some heterogeneity in the policy effects of metropolitan area, specifically: the positive promotion effect of the policy on Shanghai metropolitan area and Hangzhou metropolitan area is obvious, while Nanjing metropolitan area and Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle do not benefit from it; (3) the economic benefits brought by the policy of the metropolitan area are jointly determined by the spillover effect of the central city and the siphon effect, and the larger the economic scale of the central city, the more significant the positive impact on the economy of the surrounding areas; (4) the policy effectiveness of the metropolitan area decays with the expansion of the radius of action.
16
Srivastava, Nimisha. "Rising Maternal Mortality in Mumbai Metropolitan Region: Need for Action." MGM Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 4 (2015): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10036-1072.
17
Tomàs, Mariona. "Explaining Metropolitan Governance. The Case of Spain." Raumforschung und Raumordnung 75, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0445-0.
Анотація:
Abstract In this paper I examine the characteristics of metropolitan governance in Spain. In the first part, I briefly analyse the different theoretical conceptions and the existing models of metropolitan governance in Europe. I argue that metropolitan governance is explained by the interrelations between the specific institutional context (intergovernmental system) and political culture (attitudes towards metropolitan cooperation). This institutional milieu sets the conditions for the action of political actors and favours the existence of a specific model of metropolitan governance. In the second part, I study the case of Spain, which is interesting for two main reasons. First, it exemplifies well one of the problems of metropolitan governance: the permanent gap between institutions and the process of metropolitanization. Second, in Spain there is a diversity of models of metropolitan governance, which is useful to analyse the reasons for this variation. To do so, I focus on five urban areas (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao and Sevilla), analysing their models of metropolitan governance and particularly their degree of institutionalization and the type of institutional arrangements that have been made.
18
LIMA, Leandro Oliveira. "A METROPOLIZAÇÃO GOIANA: ASPECTOS POLÍTICOS INSTITUCIONAIS, REBATIMENTOS SOCIOESPACIAIS E ECONÔMICOS (The Goiás metropolization: institutional aspects of political, sociospatial and economic repercussions)." ACTA GEOGRÁFICA 7, no. 15 (February 16, 2014): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/2177-4307.acta.v7i15.924.
Анотація:
O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de metropolização goiana tendo em vista os fatores determinantes das políticas nacionais, estaduais e municipais decisivos no ordenamento territorial da metrópole. Analisado a partir da escala intraurbana o trabalho busca uma interpretação geográfica sobre o espaço urbano levando em conta a contiguidade territorial da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG). As contradições do espaço metropolitano são explicadas em parte pela ação dos atores modeladores do espaço urbano, principalmente o Estado e por outra através dos atores imobiliários, que reproduzem a dinâmica do capital segregando e ao mesmo tempo reestruturando os espaços da metrópole. A metodologia está amparada pela revisão bibliográfica e análise documental dos parâmetros jurídicos nacionais, estaduais e municipais, da literatura relacionada à temática urbana e de dados levantados pelos órgãos como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), a Secretaria de Planejamento do Estado de Goiás, além de estudos de caso que nos permitiram construir uma narrativa que visasse contemplar a dinâmica territorial da metrópole.
Palavras-chave: metropolização; periferização; Região Metropolitana de Goiânia.
ABSTRACT
This article aims to analyze the process of Goiás metropolisation in view of the determinant factors of national, state and local politics decisive in the territorial ordering of the metropolis. Analyzed from the intra-urban scale this job search a geographical interpretation of urban space considering the territorial contiguity of the Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG). The contradictions of metropolitan space are explained in part by the action of the actors who models the urban space, especially the state, and by estate agents who reproduces the dynamics of capital, at the same time segregating and restructuring the spaces of the Metropolitan Area of Goiânia. The methodology is supported by the literature review and document analysis of national, regional and local legal standards, as well as the literature related to urban themes and the data collected by agencies such as Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Secretaria de Planejamento do Estado de Goiás, also case studies that allowed to construct a narrative that aims the territorial dynamics of the metropolis.
Keywords: metropolization; periphery; the Metropolitan Area of Goiânia.
RESUMEN
En este artículo se pretende analizar el proceso de la metrópolis de Goiás, en vista de los determinantes de la nacional, estatal y local decisivo en ordenamiento territorial de la metrópoli. Analizados desde la escala intraurbana la búsqueda de empleo en una interpretación geográfica del espacio urbano, teniendo en cuenta la contigüidad territorial la zona metropolitana de Goiânia. Las contradicciones del espacio metropolitano se explica en parte por la acción del modelado de los actores del espacio urbano, especialmente para los actores estatales y de otro tipo a través de la finca, que reproducen la dinámica del capital y segregar al mismo tiempo la reestructuración de los espacios de la metrópoli. La metodología se apoya en la revisión de la literatura y el análisis de la documentacion, de la literatura, de las normas jurídicas nacionales, estatales y locales relacionadas con temas urbanos y los datos recogidos por organismos como el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE), el Secretario de Estado de Planificación Goiás, y estudios de casos que nos han permitido construir un relato que tiene como objetivo contemplar las dinámicas territoriales de la metrópoli.
Palabras clave: metrópolis; periferia; el zona metropolitana de Goiânia.
DOI: 10.5654/actageo2013.0715.0007
19
Ferreira, Sandro Brito, and José Queiroz de Miranda Neto. "A DISPERSÃO URBANA NO ESPAÇO METROPOLITANO DE BELÉM-PA: uma análise a partir dos assentamentos residenciais na Ilha de Mosqueiro." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 18 (December 18, 2019): 15788. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.2019.15788.
Анотація:
THE URBAN DISPERSION IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF BELÉM-PA: an analysis from the residential settlements on Mosqueiro IslandLA DISPERSIÓN URBANA EN EL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM-PA: un análisis de los asentamientos residenciales en la isla del MosqueiroRESUMOEste artigo tem como objetivo analisar a dispersão metropolitana de Belém, tendo como recorte empírico o distrito administrativo de Mosqueiro, espaço suburbano tradicionalmente utilizado como espaço de lazer. A Ilha de Mosqueiro, como também é conhecida, passa por importantes redefinições ligadas à influência metropolitana, sobretudo a partir da instalação de novos assentamentos residenciais. No presente trabalho, parte-se da ideia de que a dispersão metropolitana é produto e condição da reprodução das relações sociais de produção do capital em uma escala geográfica mais ampla, pois é na metrópole que se encontra boa parte das condições objetivas de realização do trabalho. Como resultados, entende-se que a dispersão da metrópole de Belém ocorre por razões outras que não se explicam, em princípio, apenas pela lógica formal de acumulação do capital imobiliário. Para tanto, o recorte espacial considerado é Mosqueiro que, embora faça parte da área de expansão do município de Belém, não foi afetado pela ação direta das empresas imobiliárias que atuam nos municípios da RMB e pelas políticas habitacionais do Estado, agentes responsáveis pela expansão da fronteira urbano-imobiliária. Há, portanto, uma expansão que ocorre por meio de formas não integralmente capitalistas de produção imobiliária.Palavras-chave: Dispersão Metropolita; Belém; Ilha de Mosqueiro.ABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze the metropolitan dispersion of Belém, having as empirical cut the administrative district of Mosqueiro, a suburban space traditionally used as leisure space. Mosqueiro Island, as it is also known, undergoes important redefinitions linked to the metropolitan influence, especially since the installation of new residential settlements. In the present work, one starts from the idea that the metropolitan dispersion is product and condition of the reproduction of the social relations of production of the capital in a wider geographic scale, since in the metropolis one finds a good part of the objective conditions of accomplishment of the work. As results, it is understood that the dispersion of the metropolis of Bethlehem occurs for other reasons that are not explained, in principle, only by the formal logic of accumulation of real estate capital. To do so, the spatial reduction considered is Mosqueiro, which, although it is part of the expansion area of the city of Belém, was not affected by the direct action of the real estate companies operating in the municipalities of the RMB and by the housing policies of the State, agents responsible for the expansion of urban-real estate frontier. There is, therefore, an expansion that takes place through non-integrally capitalist forms of real estate production.Keywords: Metropolitan Dispersion; Belém; Mosqueiro Island.RESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la dispersión metropolitana de Belém, teniendo como recorte empírico el distrito administrativo de Mosqueiro, espacio suburbano tradicionalmente utilizado como espacio de ocio. La Isla de Mosqueiro, como también es conocida, pasa por importantes redefiniciones ligadas a la influencia metropolitana, sobre todo a partir de la instalación de nuevos asentamientos residenciales. En el presente trabajo, se parte de la idea de que la dispersión metropolitana es producto y condición de la reproducción de las relaciones sociales de producción del capital en una escala geográfica más amplia, pues es en la metrópoli que se encuentra buena parte de las condiciones objetivas de realización del trabajo. Como resultados, se entiende que la dispersión de la metrópoli de Belém, ocurre por razones otras que no se explican, en principio, sólo por la lógica formal de acumulación del capital inmobiliario. Para ello, el recorte espacial considerado es Mosqueiro que, aunque forma parte del área de expansión del municipio de Belém, no fue afectado por la acción directa de las empresas inmobiliarias que actúan en los municipios de la RMB y por las políticas habitacionales del Estado, agentes responsables por la expansión de la vivienda fronteras urbanas-inmobiliarias. Hay, por lo tanto, una expansión que ocurre por medio de formas no integralmente capitalistas de producción inmobiliaria.Palabras clave: Dispersión Metropolitana; Belém; Isla de Mosqueiro.
20
Miller, Zane L., and Bruce Tucker. "The Revolt Against Cultural Determinism and the Meaning of Community Action: A View from Cincinnati." Prospects 15 (October 1990): 413–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005950.
Анотація:
Since the 1920s, the discourse about American urban culture has suggested the appropriateness of organizing metropolitan life around territorial subcommunities in two distinctive ways, each of which yielded a distinctive period in the history of professional city and social welfare planning. During the first period, which persisted into the 1950s, the planners focused on the problem of forging a coherent sense of metropolitan community among cultural groups conceived of as separate but equal (or potentially equal). To achieve this goal, they emphasized the role of experts in analyzing the forces controlling urban culture and in devising schemes to segregate, assure the integrity of, and foster mutual understanding and respect among cultural groups whose characteristics stemmed from forces beyond the control of experts or group members. During the second period, which began in the 1950s and persists in our own time, planners abandoned cultural group determinism and the quest for a segregated yet coherent metropolitan community of separate but equal groups in homogeneous neighborhoods. Instead they decided they could control the future of the metropolis by persuading individuals to create heterogeneous neighborhoods through a process of “community action” in which neighborhood residents would define their culture (“lifestyles”) by participating in the design of the social and physical environment of the neighborhood of their choice. This new pattern of thinking about urban culture, which centered on “individualism” and neighborhood rather than groups and metropolitan community, involved a revolt against cultural group determinism, the notion that individuals carry an identity determined by the accident of their membership in the group with characteristics determined by the experience of a group in a social and physical environment created by “outsiders” and or impersonal “forces.”
21
Staines-Díaz, León. "Participatory Action Research for Urban Connectivity: Bridging Inequality in Metropolitan Monterrey." IJAR – International Journal of Action Research 19, no. 3-2023 (February 26, 2024): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v19i3.09.
Анотація:
This paper argues for participatory action research as a potent method for urban connectivity, surpassing government or expert-led methods. It introduces two approaches: integrating dialogic interviews to foster reflexivity and adopting an Ecosystem mappingbased approach encompassing social, economic, physical, and cultural dimensions. Dialogic interviews promote inclusivity by enabling diverse perspectives to shape research outcomes. Ecosystem mapping visually captures intricate connectivity dynamics. By combining participatory action research, dialogic interviews, and Ecosystem mapping, a robust framework emerges to address urban connectivity challenges. Empowering communities and embracing diverse axes of connectivity, this approach transforms urban planning practices, fostering contextually relevant and sustainable solutions. A co-created, resilient urban future becomes achievable through engagement and active stakeholder involvement.
22
Becerril, Hector, Luisa Fernanda Rodríguez-Cortés, and Karol Yañez-Soria. "Gobernanza de ciudades intermedias: aprendiendo de acciones post-desastre en la zona Metropolitana de Acapulco, México." Revista Urbano 24, no. 44 (November 30, 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2021.24.44.04.
Анотація:
This article analyses the governance patterns of post-disaster public action carried out after Hurricanes Ingrid and Manuel hit Coyuca de Benítez in 2013, a municipality that is part of the Metropolitan Area of Acapulco, Mexico, seeking to contribute towards broadening knowledge about the modes of governance of intermediate cities, and in particular, those related to disaster risk reduction. Conceptually, the concept of adaptive governance is presented to contrast and reflect on prevailing governance patterns in Coyuca. Methodologically speaking, this work is based on the sociology of public action, to analyse the reconstruction processes of infrastructure, public services, and housing, through interviews, focus groups, and diverse written sources. This paper argues that, despite the decentralization and democratization efforts of recent decades, governance patterns are highly centralized and not very adaptive, limiting the development of participatory and articulated interventions that meet people's daily needs and improve their quality of life. In this context, public action, rather than reducing disaster risks, has increased and/or generated new risks in already precarious and vulnerable urban territories. Along the same vein, this paper questions the relevance of regulatory and conceptual frameworks, such as adaptive governance, to guide significant changes, given the distance between ideal and existing governance patterns in the territories.
23
Calabrò, Francesco, and Lucia Della Spina. "Innovative Tools for the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Administrative Action of the Metropolitan Cities: The Strategic Operational Programme." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.3.
Анотація:
Metropolitan Cities are considered a subject crucial to the development of the territories, for "... modernize the public administration, and respond with a streamlined structure and efficient response to the growing expectations of businesses and citizens" [.They should, therefore, be able to improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the territories also through innovative forms of governance, able to used most effectively administrative action.This paper aims to deepen the reflection on the most appropriate tools whose metropolitan cities should have in order to respond to its founding purpose.
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Kim, Soyoung, Woo-Je Kim, and Richard Clark Feiock. "An Item Response Theory Model of Inter-Regional Collaboration for Transportation Planning in the United States." Land 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090947.
Анотація:
Regional governments and regional intergovernmental organizations play an increasingly important role in land use and transportation planning in many countries. In the U.S., regional organizations such as metropolitan planning organizations provide regional forums and institutions to coordinate actions of local government necessary to overcome collective action problems that result from the fragmentation of local authority. Their regional scope allows them to directly address collaboration problems or broker collaborative arrangements among local governments within their boundaries. Nevertheless, the scale of regional problems often extends beyond the boundaries of these regional entities. Thus, collaboration across regional governance organizations is necessary to address problems that have multi-regional impacts, such as large transportation projects. Extant research generally measures regional collaboration based on counts of collaboration actions undertaken, but this does not account for the fact that some are symbolic, while others require resources and commitment. Drawing insights from the institutional collective action framework, we advance an explanation for how regional organizations overcome collaboration risks to participate in collaborative solutions to regional and multi-regional problems. The analysis employs a unique national survey of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and adds a novel application of item response theory (IRT) to capture differences in risk or difficulty among collaborative actions. The IRT results offer support for our ICA-based explanation of collaboration commitments. The implications of the findings for theory development and empirical study of RIGOs are discussed in conclusion.
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Zhang, Jing, Qi Hao, Xinming Chen, Congmou Zhu, Ling Zhang, Mengjia Hong, Jiexia Wu, and Muye Gan. "Exploring Spatial Network Structure of the Metropolitan Circle Based on Multi-Source Big Data: A Case Study of Hangzhou Metropolitan Circle." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205266.
Анотація:
The metropolitan circle is the basic unit of regional competition. Enhancing the connection between cities in the metropolitan circle and optimizing the spatial layout of the metropolitan circle is one of the goals of regional high-quality development in the new era. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the spatial network structure of the metropolitan circle. Taking Hangzhou metropolitan circle as an example, this study used web crawler technology to obtain data in multiple Internet big data platforms; used centrality analysis, flow data model, and social network analysis to construct the network connection matrix of human flow, goods flow, capital flow, information flow, and traffic flow; and explored the spatial network structure of the metropolitan circle. The results showed that the node intensity of the metropolitan circle presented a distribution pattern of strong in the east and weak in the west. The network connections of each county under the action of different element flows were different, and the skeleton of the integrated flow network connections showed a starfish-shaped feature. Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, and Shaoxing cities had strong group effects in goods flow and traffic flow, while Quzhou and Huangshan cities had relatively independent cohesive subgroups in human flow and information flow. This study can provide useful references for regional development and spatial planning implementation.
26
Lichterman, Paul. "Religion in Public Action." Sociological Theory 30, no. 1 (March 2012): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735275112437164.
Анотація:
Contemporary social research often has located religion’s public influence by focusing on individual or collective religious actors. In this unitary actor model, religion is a stable, uniform feature of an individual or collectivity. However, recent research shows that people’s religious expression outside religious congregations varies by context. Building on this new work, along with insights from Erving Goffman and cultural sociology, an alternative, “cultural-interactionist model” of religious expression focuses on how group styles enable and constrain religious expression in public settings. Illustrating the model are two ethnographic cases, a religiously sponsored homeless advocacy organization and a secondary comparison setting from an activist campaign for housing, both from a U.S. metropolitan area. Shifting from actors to settings and group styles clarifies the interplay between religious and nonreligious culture over time. The shift refines our understanding of how religion’s civic or political effects work, as in the case of building social capital for collective action. The cultural-interactionist model enables us to track historical change in everyday group settings. It promotes further research on historically changing ways of managing religious diversity, and diverse ways of constructing a religious self.
27
Carvalho, Mônica de, Filipe Souza Corrêa, and Rogerio Palhares Zschaber de Araújo. "Adaptive governance: a challenge to Brazilian metropolitan regions." Cadernos Metrópole 25, no. 58 (December 2023): 805–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5802.e.
Анотація:
Abstract The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical discussion about the institutional dimension of the concept of adaptive governance. We discuss examples of this institutional dimension based on an analysis of the limits to the implementation of adaptive governance in Brazilian metropolises, based on: 1) the financial resources available to the environmental management of municipalities belonging to metropolitan regions; 2) the creation of an institutional arrangement for climate governance in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Despite the incremental aspect, the analyzed data indicate the low fiscal relevance of the environmental issue, as well as difficulties in implementing governance arrangements that succeed in providing transversal planning capacity, mechanisms for the integrated action of different agents, and incentives to an enhanced participatory dynamics in the formulation and implementation of climate policies.
28
Alston, Laura, Melanie Nichols, Steven Allender, Vincent Versace, Leanne J. Brown, Tracy Schumacher, George Howard, et al. "Dietary patterns in rural and metropolitan Australia: a cross-sectional study exploring dietary patterns, inflammation and association with cardiovascular disease risk factors." BMJ Open 13, no. 6 (June 2023): e069475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069475.
Анотація:
ObjectivesThis study sought first to empirically define dietary patterns and to apply the novel Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS) in data from rural and metropolitan populations in Australia, and second to investigate associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural and metropolitan Australia.ParticipantsAdults over the age of 18 years living in rural or metropolitan Australia who participated in the Australian Health survey.Primary outcomesA posteriori dietary patterns for participants separated into rural and metropolitan populations using principal component analysis. Secondary outcomes: association of each dietary pattern and DIS with CVD risk factors was explored using logistic regression.ResultsThe sample included 713 rural and 1185 metropolitan participants. The rural sample was significantly older (mean age 52.7 compared with 48.6 years) and had a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors. Two primary dietary patterns were derived from each population (four in total), and dietary patterns were different between the rural and metropolitan areas. None of the identified patterns were associated with CVD risk factors in metropolitan or rural areas, aside diet pattern 2 being strongly associated with from self-reported ischaemic heart disease (OR 13.90 95% CI 2.29 to 84.3) in rural areas. There were no significant differences between the DIS and CVD risk factors across the two populations, except for a higher DIS being associated with overweight/obesity in rural areas.ConclusionExploration of dietary patterns between rural and metropolitan Australia shows differences between the two populations, possibly reflective of distinct cultures, socioeconomic factors, geography, food access and/or food environments in the different areas. Our study provides evidence that action targeting healthier dietary intakes needs to be tailored to rurality in the Australian context.
29
Mariano Dota, Ednelson, and Isis Do Mar Marques Martins. "Aspiration for residential mobility in large urban agglomerations: between residential and social mobility." Ateliê Geográfico 17, no. 3 (December 20, 2023): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v17i3.75926.
Анотація:
This essay analyses residential mobility considering aspirations and desires to migrate. Considering the aspiration for migration as a methodology for grasping prevents before mobility, one must take into consideration that it is merged with political, economic, cultural, and social factors. Thus, because of the diversity of relations between migrants and migration, the decision to migrate and the action itself, there are shades of meaning that theories often neglect. We use primary data from the Metropolitan Region of Vitória (MRV) to achieve this purpose. Our main goal is to understand the relationships between family, household, and residential mobility in the metropolitan regions of Brazil. The results show that aspirations for residential mobility could also be interpreted as aspirations for social mobility. This demonstrates the relevance of mobility as a strategy for social reproduction in large urban agglomerations. Keywords: Aspiration; Migration; Residential mobility; Metropolitan region.
30
Holmila, Marja. "The evaluation of the Metropolitan project; process and causality." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 20, no. 1_suppl (February 2003): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250302001s20.
Анотація:
The short history of evaluation research can be described in terms of four developmental stages. The differences between the various approaches and stages of evaluation reflect, among other things, differences in understanding the importance of causality. The paper makes an attempt to argue that whilst it is important not to ‘let go’ the goal of discovering causal explanations, evaluation of such complex efforts as local prevention of alcohol and drug-related problems, needs to be based on a more naturalistic approach than the one provided by the classic experimental setting. This argument is based on previous literature and the experiences of evaluation of a Finnish project concerned with the community-based prevention of alcohol and drug problems. Evaluation can also assume a function more complementary to the partnerships, which are at the heart of community action through its formative role. Research does not have to limit itself to evaluating the effectiveness through the eyes of an outside ‘inspector’. One possible step forward in solving the complex problems of evaluation in this context could be an approach which combines the careful analysis of the context and the creation of a theory-based narrative of the action taking place in the ‘black box’, with measurement of changes. The precondition for being able to do this is that causality is understood in a new way, as generative causality. The theory-based narratives would also be useful in generalising the results of separate evaluation studies. Research which is relevant to questions of effectiveness, should pay more attention to the ‘black box’ of prevention. The nature of the ‘black box’ is determined not only by its inner qualities but also by being studied in relation to its wider context. Reaching generalisations is also one of the basic problems. The most reliable results are often derived from a synthesis of several studies focusing on the same topic rather than from a single study. In this respect evaluations resemble any other form of social study. Making a synthesis has become easier with the development of methods of meta-evaluation during the last 15 years. Another possible way of assisting generalisation would be to make use of theory-based narratives concerning the inner mechanisms of the communities in action. As an example of a project attempting to carry out research along these lines, the paper describes a project carried out in two small communities in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland. The project attempted to move away from the use of standardised programmes and curricula towards a meaningful involvement of local citizens and professionals in the design and implementation of the community development. The evaluation of the project focuses on the question: is it feasible and effective to give the responsibility for alcohol and drug prevention to people at the local level? What does this mean in practice? Related to this question is the importance of national or regional level support for local communities. The project's finding was that while public discussion of community-based action can change people's opinions and make them more positive in their attitude to community-based prevention, local non-professional interest in dealing with alcohol-related problems is small. Without the professionals' input hardly anything would take place.
31
Costa, Claudia, Paula Santana, Sani Dimitroulopoulou, Bo Burstrom, Carme Borrell, Jürgen Schweikart, Dagmar Dzurova, et al. "Population Health Inequalities Across and Within European Metropolitan Areas through the Lens of the EURO-HEALTHY Population Health Index." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050836.
Анотація:
The different geographical contexts seen in European metropolitan areas are reflected in the uneven distribution of health risk factors for the population. Accumulating evidence on multiple health determinants point to the importance of individual, social, economic, physical and built environment features, which can be shaped by the local authorities. The complexity of measuring health, which at the same time underscores the level of intra-urban inequalities, calls for integrated and multidimensional approaches. The aim of this study is to analyse inequalities in health determinants and health outcomes across and within nine metropolitan areas: Athens, Barcelona, Berlin-Brandenburg, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Prague, Stockholm and Turin. We use the EURO-HEALTHY Population Health Index (PHI), a tool that measures health in two components: Health Determinants and Health Outcomes. The application of this tool revealed important inequalities between metropolitan areas: Better scores were found in Northern cities when compared with their Southern and Eastern counterparts in both components. The analysis of geographical patterns within metropolitan areas showed that there are intra-urban inequalities, and, in most cities, they appear to form spatial clusters. Identifying which urban areas are measurably worse off, in either Health Determinants or Health Outcomes, or both, provides a basis for redirecting local action and for ongoing comparisons with other metropolitan areas.
32
Kelleher, Christine A., and David Lowery. "Central City Size, Metropolitan Institutions and Political Participation." British Journal of Political Science 39, no. 1 (January 2009): 59–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123408000392.
Анотація:
Despite decades of research, our understanding of how institutional contexts influence urban political participation remains muddled. It is argued here that this confusion arises from the diversity of competing hypotheses, failures to conceptualize the causal processes underlying these hypotheses thoroughly, and the use of inadequate controls for rival hypotheses. A more comprehensive specification of the relationship between metropolitan jurisdictional contexts and two modes of participation is provided. After a presentation of a theoretical framework organizing the many extant hypotheses, these are tested, using survey data collected by the Knight Foundation from 2002 in twenty-five urban counties. Contrary to prior work, it is found that the size of local governments is positively associated with participation, while governmental fragmentation diminishes the propensity for political action.
33
Morales, Dawn A., Crystal L. Barksdale, and Andrea C. Beckel-Mitchener. "A call to action to address rural mental health disparities." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.42.
Анотація:
AbstractRural residents in the USA experience significant disparities in mental health outcomes even though the prevalence of mental illness in rural and metropolitan areas is similar. This is a persistent problem that requires innovative approaches to resolve. Adopting and appropriately modifying the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework are the potential approaches to understanding how these disparities might be addressed through research. Using this research framework can facilitate interrogation of multiple levels of influence, encompassing complex domains of influence and consideration of the entire life course trajectory, which is consistent with several National Institute of Mental Health priorities.
34
Trigueiro, Janaína Von Söhsten, Jordana de Almeida Nogueira, Lenilde Duarte de Sá, Pedro Fredemir Palha, Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa, and Débora Raquel Soares Guedes Trigueiro. "Tuberculosis control: decentralization, local planning and management specificities." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 19, no. 6 (December 2011): 1289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692011000600003.
Анотація:
The goal was to analyze, according to the perception of health managers, the practices that guide tuberculosis control actions in cities in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa - PB, Brazil. This qualitative study involved eight professionals in management functions. Testimonies were collected through semi-structured interviews between May and June 2009 and organized through content analysis. Despite the acknowledged benefits of tuberculosis control action decentralization, local planning indicates the predominance of a bureaucratic model that is restricted to negotiation and supplies. Local programming is centered on the coordinator, which shows a command line and vertical management that lead to the fragmentation of the work process. Management action should follow an innovative and transformative route that surpasses bureaucratic barriers and faces the biggest challenge it is proposed: to balance professional interrelations with a view to improving health work performance.
35
Le Breton, Marie-Anaïs, Mathilde Girardeau, and Helene Bailleul. "From Open Data to Smart City Governing Innovation in the Rennes Metropolitan Area (France)." International Journal of E-Planning Research 10, no. 4 (October 2021): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20211001.oa2.
Анотація:
This article is the result of an action-research carried out on the territory of the Rennes metropolis (SmartRennes project). The authors propose a description and analysis of the governance of the smart city based on qualitative approach. Contrary to the idea of a centralised smart city strongly managed by one public actor, they note that the Rennes-style smart city is the result of governance distributed between different poles. They provide complementary methods of description of this governance: a historical vision of smart city actions and measures, an analysis of the values and issues raised by the stakeholders, and a network analysis of governance. Based on qualitative surveys, these results demonstrate the value of a monographic approach in the study of urban innovation and smart city.
36
López-García, Daniel, Verónica García-García, Yolanda Sampedro-Ortega, Ariadna Pomar-León, Guillem Tendero-Acin, Annaïs Sastre-Morató, and Ana Correro-Humanes. "Exploring the contradictions of scaling: action plans for agroecological transition in metropolitan environments." Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 44, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2019.1649783.
37
Donnelly, Katy, Rosie Jones, David Matthews, and Karen Peters. "BLENDED LEARNING IN ACTION: THE INFOSKILLS PROGRAMME AT MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY'S LIBRARY SERVICE." New Review of Academic Librarianship 12, no. 1 (April 2006): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614530600951880.
38
Dlani, Abongile, E. O. C. Ijeoma, and Leocadia Zhou. "Implementing the Green City Policy in Municipal Spatial Planning: The Case of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i2.84.
Анотація:
The term “eco-city,” and similar concepts such as “green” and “sustainable” cities, has evolved overtime concurrent to the development of the understanding of social change and mankind’s impact on environmental and economic health. With the advent of climate change impacts, modern economies developed the green city policy to create sustainable urban development, low emission, and environmentally friendly cities. In South Africa municipalities, including Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) have been tasked to and implement the green city policy. However, BCMM is yet to develop the green city policy that clearly articulate how the municipality will combat climate change and reduce its Green House Gases (GHG) emissions in its spatial planning designs. Against this background, this article reviews and analyses green policy landscape in Metropolitan Municipalities. It is envisaged that the research will provide the basis for the development of a comprehensive green policy strategies and programmes for the local transition to action in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, in the Eastern Cape Province.
39
Morgado, Sofia, and Jeanna de Campos Cunha. "Grounded in the Landscape—Climate Action, Well-Being and Public Space in a Small Town in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area." Land 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091687.
Анотація:
Retaining their ancestral footprint, rural settlements anchored developments driven by suburbanisation and became small towns embedded in the generic metropolitan landscape in the late 20th century. In subsequent phases, they integrated the functional diversity necessary to maintain a certain autonomy, while always being rooted in a community whose bonds are densified. In the specific case of Queijas, in the municipality of Oeiras (Lisbon metropolitan area), apart from the recent identification of the historical nucleus and the maintenance of public spaces, one can infer from the Oeiras Municipal Master Plan (2022) the need for an integrated approach to urban design and planning, which is linked to the requalification of place and the community. That is how climate action, well-being and public space took priority as the leading factors in the present study.
40
Albalawi, Aishah, and Lynn Nations Johnson. "Action Research Skills Among Public School Teachers: A Cross-Cultural Study." International Journal of Research in Education and Science 8, no. 2 (May 22, 2022): 286–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijres.2548.
Анотація:
This study aims to determine the degree of public school teachers’ skills regarding action research. The study sample included public school teachers from the Kalamazoo metropolitan area, US (n=20), and Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (n=30). The researchers adopted a descriptive approach to address the study’s open-ended questions; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed to analyze the data collected in this study. The results of the study showed that previously conducted action research played an important role in supporting qualitative educational research among Saudi Arabian teachers, contributing to the improvement of the teaching environment and helping teachers to solve students’ problems via action research.
41
Leonard, Samantha. "What Is the Work? and With Whom Are We Working? Relational Practices in the Intimate Partner Violence Field." Affilia 34, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 535–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919868837.
Анотація:
Feminist movements against domestic and intimate partner violence (DV and IPV) have long struggled with tensions around the professionalization of their work. This article uses qualitative interviews and content analysis to conceptualize the IPV movement’s field of action as an interstitial space. The movement against IPV draws together a multi-institutional audience that reflects the historical trajectory of the field. The IPV organizations in the Boston metropolitan area productively engage with and influence various institutional fields. The boundaries of this interstitial space are the multi-institutional bundles of relations drawn together by the DV movement. In the Boston metropolitan area, the institutional fields of action drawn most strongly into the liminal space of the intimate partner violence field are the wider feminist movement and the institutions of the medical/health sphere, carceral system, and education systems. The work of direct services, advocacy, and prevention defines itself in relation to neighboring institutions but remains grounded in its own interstitial space of the IPV movement through individual practices within organizations.
42
Constant, Fred. "Les paradoxes de la gestion publique des identités territoriales : à propos des politiques culturelles outre-mer." Revue française d'administration publique 65, no. 1 (1993): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1993.2673.
Анотація:
The Paradox of Public Management of Local Identities. Paradoxically, cultural policies in french overseas departments often converge with metropolitan ones. Public cultural offer, which looks like a more or less standardized outfit of ail kinds, is in search of national recognition. In the same way, resistances to the modernization of cultural management are as strong as in metropolitan France. Nevertheless, there are persistent local specificities, such as a heavy politicization of cultural policy and the weak institutionalization of the cultural field. Confronting these convergences and divergences brings out two major debates : the role of culture in the economy and the status of difference in the content of public action in cultural matters.
43
Geiger, R. K., and J. R. Wolch. "A Shadow State? Voluntarism in Metropolitan Los Angeles." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (September 1986): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040351.
Анотація:
The character of voluntary action and its relationship to the political economy are changing in response to recent policy shifts favoring service reductions, privatization, and a transferral of responsibility for services, under ‘new federalism’ policies. In an examination of new data for voluntary organizations in the Los Angeles metropolitan region, an extensively differentiated sector of significant size is found that is often highly reliant on public funding, but which is becoming increasingly entrepreneurial and has begun to shift more of the service cost burden onto clients as a consequence of reductions in funding support. These characteristics have important implications for the region and possibly for other urban areas in the USA, one of which is that this new reliance on voluntary services could lead to the existence of a shadow state: a new institutional form that fulfills many of the functions of government but also makes many public policy decisions in the absence of governmental preemption.
44
NAGY, JÚLIA A., and JÓZSEF BENEDEK. "Addressing environmental and ecological challenges through the implementation of sustainable development goals in a metropolitan context. Case study: Cluj Metropolitan Area." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 30, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2022_2.
Анотація:
In recent years, the ongoing rapid urbanization increases the vulnerability of cities to the impacts of climate change and threatens the existence of environmental assets. Therefore, the sustainable development of urban areas has become a real challenge for local governments. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations (UN) is also an instrument that holds governments accountable to achieve the targets set within its framework. The purpose of this study is to analyze the condition and determine the progress towards achieving SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 15 (Life on Land) in the case of Cluj Metropolitan Area, Romania. Official statistical sources gave the base to our calculation and analysis, that were selected in terms of their availability and integrity on the level of local authorities situated in the study area. The results indicate that the CMA made a trifling progress in implementing both of the analyzed SDGs.
45
Brown-Sica, Margaret S. "Library Spaces for Urban, Diverse Commuter Students: A Participatory Action Research Project." College & Research Libraries 73, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl-221.
Анотація:
A data-gathering project using elements of Participatory Action Research was conducted at the Auraria Library, which serves the University of Colorado Denver, the Metropolitan State College of Denver and the Community College of Denver. The project was administered in order to shape a plan to develop a Learning Commons environment at the library. The researcher thought that the needs on a campus with many non-traditional, commuter students might differ from the needs of a more traditional college campus. Information was gathered using surveys, spontaneous focus groups, flipcharts and observation. Results were used and interpreted by students in an architecture class.
46
Silva, Rodrigo Cesar da, Gilberto Fisch, and Thiago Adriano dos Santos. "Future scenarios (2011-2040) of temporal and spatial changes in precipitation in the Paraitinga and Paraibuna watersheds, São Paulo, Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 7 (December 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2302.
Анотація:
The alteration of global climate regimes due to anthropic action and excessive emission of greenhouse gases has been widely researched because it alters the patterns of climatological normals, generating changes in temperatures and precipitation worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in the Paraitinga and Paraibuna watersheds that together form the Paraibuna Dam, the main one of the Paraiba do Sul river watershed. This dam supplies the São Paulo Metropolitan Region by transporting water to the Cantareira System, the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region by transporting water to the Guandu watershed, and the Paraiba Valley Metropolitan Region, one of the most industrialized in Brazil. To investigate future precipitation trends, past and future climate simulations were used from the HadCM3/Eta model using the SRES (Special Report Emission Scenarios) A1B, and precipitation analysis using Quantis techniques to determine extreme rainfall and drought periods. The results point to an increase in precipitation averages in the region, followed by a greater intensity of extreme rainfall, which may lead to a higher occurrence of natural disasters such as landslides.
47
Deslatte, Aaron, and Richard C. Feiock. "The Collaboration Riskscape: Fragmentation, Problem Types and Preference Divergence in Urban Sustainability." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 49, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 352–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjy020.
Анотація:
Abstract Local governmental efforts to achieve greater sustainability have come to play a prominent role within urbanized regions. Despite the prominence of collaboration and collective action in the inter-governmental literature, we know little about how the collaborative mechanisms used to address them are influenced by the configurations of horizontal, general-purpose governments and vertical, single-purpose governments. We combine national- and metropolitan-level analyses through a mixed-methods design to fill this lacuna. The first component examines how fragmentation influences choices of mechanisms for interlocal collaboration utilizing surveys of U.S. cities. The second component examines collaboration barriers between localities in a single metropolitan area through qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with twenty city managers in the Chicago metropolitan region, one of the most fragmented in the United States. These analyses offer evidence to support the conclusion that more fragmented regions may be better suited to overcome coordination risks and find more avenues for collaborative activities. However, preference heterogeneity within fragmented environments increases the risk of defection and thus offsets some advantages of polycentricity.
48
Tanner, Jason E., Andrew D. Irving, Milena Fernandes, Doug Fotheringham, Alicia McArdle, and Sue Murray-Jones. "Seagrass rehabilitation off metropolitan Adelaide: a case study of loss, action, failure and success." Ecological Management & Restoration 15, no. 3 (September 2014): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12133.
49
Arcaya, Mariana C., Alina Schnake-Mahl, Andrew Binet, Shannon Simpson, Maggie Super Church, Vedette Gavin, Bill Coleman, et al. "Community change and resident needs: Designing a Participatory Action Research study in Metropolitan Boston." Health & Place 52 (July 2018): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.05.014.
50
Sá, Lenilde Duarte de, Anna Luiza Castro Gomes, Jordana de Almeida Nogueira, Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa, Káren Mendes Jorge de Souza, and Pedro Fredemir Palha. "Intersectorality and bonding in tuberculosis control in Family Health." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 19, no. 2 (April 2011): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692011000200022.
Анотація:
This is a qualitative study which aims to analyze the performance of the Family Health teams in the control of tuberculosis according to the relationship between bonding and the development of intersectoral actions in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. To construct the empirical material focus group techniques were used. Seven focus groups were conducted, involving 37 professionals of the Family Health teams. For analysis, the discourse analysis technique was used. It was concluded that the lack of intersectoral action weakens the bond between tuberculosis patients, their families and the Family Health team. It is noteworthy that intersectoral measures are fundamental in the development of integral care for tuberculosis patients in the context of Primary Health Care.